Optimize Pipeline Integrity Data Management for Hightech

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hello everyone and welcome to today's webinar where we will discuss using trace code's subsea cct scanning technology in flow assurance and also integrity applications my name is rob hardy i'm the commercial manager for europe middle east and africa and i'll cover the integrity part of the from jim bramlett in our houston office to cover the flow assurance part we're aiming for the presentation to last around 30 to 40 minutes uh we'll then leave some time at the end for some questions so if you do have any questions as we go through the presentation please type them into the q a chat box and we'll run through them all at the end so just to give you an overview of what we'll talk about today um i'll go into a bit of trace code's background we're going to be focused on the discovery ct scanner subsea tool today so i'll talk a little bit about the subsea ct technology we'll then look at some case studies and real world examples starting with complex and coated pipelines we'll then have a look at internal and external corrosion we're always interested in pushing the boundaries of the technology and new developments so we'll look at some recent advances in ct scanning we have some examples of over stress and fatigue as well i'll then head over to jim who's going to talk about flow assurance and we should have plenty of time at the end of the questions and a general discussion so for those of you that aren't familiar with tracer co i would summarize as a leading industrial technology company involved in creating unique and specialized measurement techniques these techniques are used by our customers in detection applications diagnosis of process problems as well as measurement of difficult to obtain data and parameters all of this is geared towards providing our clients with insight and high quality data which allows them to make decisions on operations and improved processes as a business we work in many sections of the energy and chemical process industries but in this presentation we're going to focus on our subsea technologies so this slide summarizes our subsea portfolio services fmi was one of the first subsea services we offered and continues to be something we offer around the world this uses the source and a detector for screening of jacketed structures for water ingress we've also been involved in grout monitoring at installation of jackets and this of course is becoming an area of interest in the burgeoning offshore wind sector as well we also use subsea neutron backscatter techniques for inspection of structures such as midwater arches and buoyancy tanks uh moving on to look at pipelines uh we do a lot of work with pig tracking using small source tags on pigs and our gamma track devices which can be placed at strategic positions on pipelines to monitor the position and the passing of pigs but we do also um if if pigs haven't been tagged at the start we can use our explorer technology to scan pipelines and look for lost pigs as well as look for blockages in pipelines as well explorer is quite useful technology to tie in with discovery as well because we can use it to quickly screen large areas of pipeline we can locate lost pigs but we can also find areas of blockages to then go on and scan in more detail with discovery so the discovery ct scanner is going to be what we focus on the presentations today so we'll have a look at the technology behind that um one of the main advantages of this technology is that it's a truly non-invasive technique so it's very similar to medical computer tomography which is a very powerful imaging and diagnosis technique so when we take this into the subsea realm the advantages are that we don't need to remove any coating we can scan through coating we don't damage coating that we do scan through there's no need to remove any coating um you don't stop a process at all so it's a very quick way of getting very detailed information we collect both the integrity and the flow assumes data at the same time and we'll see examples in the presentation today how we can change the relative density scale on results in order to look um at the same within a pipeline system we also get real-time data which we'll see in the fast screening example later on these are the current specifications on depth resolution pipe diameters but please let us know if you have any other requirements because we always want to develop the technology and be client-driven in how we develop it as well this is a short video of discovery approaching a pipeline so discovery is deployed um to the seabed in a basket a work-class rov then hotstabs in and delivers the two onto the pipeline we do take a range of adapters on each project so that allows us to switch between pipeline diameters as we need to we use the rov for power hydraulics and communications and we do get real-time data transmission to the service as well so why do clients use discovery um well it offers significant cost savings on subsidy pipeline inspections when you take into account you don't have to remove the coatings you can quickly scan and provide highly detailed data to inform decisions very quickly there's no interruption to the process which means no loss of revenue as well as reducing the overall time from a problem arising to resolving that problem and sub cct scanning now gives you highly detailed uh data on complex pipeline systems we can build the tomograms that you see on the right hand side of the image which give you real insight into what's going on within the system so moving on to look at some real world examples and this is a 16 inch concrete um coated pipeline and in this instance the client didn't want to remove the the coating before the scan this is not a problem with discovery and it also means we can rapidly scan and get the data really quickly the cross section image on the left hand side shows how the pipeline looks and we can see that the 63 ml of concrete coating followed by a five mil polyurethane anti-corrosion layer under this uh below that we can see the the pipe wall itself and then the cross section on the right is the actual tomogram that we obtained with discovery you can see that once the density scale is added the colours and the interpretation of the data become very intuitive and it's easy to visualize what's going on and in many cases you can actually see more detail in the tomogram than the images on the left you can also see on the image that the steel rebars are visible within the coating we've also added numerous measurements to the pipeline um so you can start to add the wall thickness measurements and other areas of interest below these two images we've also got a 360 degree wall thickness map of this cross section and the black dotted line shows the average wall thickness which was just over 14 mil for this example at the blue continuous line is the discovery wall thickness data that's obtained uh and actually another interesting feature is the red dots on this line are the ut measurements that the client obtained during the validation of the discovery tool and you notice that we get a really good alignment with these measurements as well in this example this was a challenge that we had of looking at an unpickable pipeline that also had a gas piggyback line above it what we did in this situation was design and construct a custom rv clamp this allowed the discovery to clamp on and scan both pipelines at once uh you can see in the right hand image a photograph of this the clamp that we produced for this the tomogram on the left an example of the data acquired in this project you can clearly see both pipelines are able to get the integrity data on both you can see that wall thickness data has been added and some warlock defects have been added it's probably a bit small on the screen but we've actually labeled six different defects on this example with the discovery you also require the assurance data at the same time and the identity scales can be changed to look at different substances what was interesting in this example is that we actually identified a condensate layer that was building up in the gas piggyback line which could have gone on to cause issues in the future again something unique about this particular example is the way that we scanned it with the clamp you can see all the the nuts and bolts of the the clamp that we've built as part of this scan as well this example is a piping pipe inspection from the gulf of mexico again discovery's unique capability comes into play here as we can produce a very detailed map of both the carrier and the production pipes as well as both the integrity and flow assurance data in this example you can also see the annulus area in some detail one of the points to note in this area is that there is a faint blue line on the inside of the carrier pipe which is actually an aerogel layer and again you can see in this example we've been able to add various measurements on different features of the system moving on to look at some internal corrosion examples this was a large diameter gas line after the scan with the discovery we obtained the image on the right hand side you can clearly see some instances of severe war loss around the pipe most noticeable at the 12 o'clock position there are instances of broad wall thing around the pipe as well as some severe isolated corrosion spots also you can clearly see a section at the bottom of the pipe where a condensate layer is building up which could be a contributing factor to the corrosion that we've seen this was an example where a client wanted to know more about a suspected microbial and bacterial induced corrosion in their flow line we were able to work with the client and use their own corrosion modelling data and identify hot spots and areas of interest along the line for scanning the tomogram here is an example of one such area where it identified an area of corrosion so um you can see the um the area at around about the six o'clock position on this scan uh preferential weld corrosion is a threat to most worldly joints and something that we commonly look at with discovery in this example this was a scan as part of a pipeline lifetime extension project so what we're doing is going in and we're looking at seam welds to look for evidence and severity of preferential weld corrosion you can see in the expanded section of this scan uh we're able to get these um we'll be able to get you know a lot of detail on this weld we haven't shown the measurements on this scan but again we could look at any particular scan we wanted to and put in measurements there as needed discovery is also perfectly suited to scanning both the horizontal and vertical orientations so this means we can also look at riser integrating in this scan we have multiple scans along a riser showing areas differing in condition the image on the left is what we would determine a good condition area and then the two images on the right show areas of major wall loss major corrosion anomalies that were identified during the inspection in this case discovery was used to inspect a known leak within a coated water injection flow line the client wanted to map and measure the extent of the problem visual inspection had identified two leaks but the customer wanted to fully investigate other areas and also guide the repair schedule so in total seven inspection areas were identified within these seven locations various levels of metal loss defects were identified in all of them in the two locations where the known leaks were we found the full through wall defects and you can see one of these points in the ct image on the right the image on the left is using the data in a slightly different way to get a 2d representation of the wall plot similar to how you would see with inline inspection so the red areas show wall thinning and the black areas you can see indicate areas of zero wall thickness this is the same inspection campaign and as part of that we were able to take the data from the seven locations and build 3d models of each scanning position so in total we did a series of 605 scans over a seven meter section so this is just another way of using the data to visualize what conditions you have and particularly useful when you have major defects such as the one seen in this case so this data was used one meter up and down of the defects in order to guide the repair clamp positioning one of the more recent developments in discovery is fast screening so this allows real-time visualization of integrity data when screening sections of interest and then can then go on and inform decisions around more in-depth scanning a sinogram is produced as the tool scans which is monitored by our technicians and as you can see in the two images here we have a lower resolution image on the left that's produced after one lap and a much higher resolution image after around 20 laps although they're clearly differing in the resolution you can see that the defects showing up in the lower resolution image are already visible and sorry the the defects shown in the higher resolution are already visible after one lap so note this is a relatively raw spanogram and different to the density map tomograms that we have already seen this data is presented for a single 15 millimeter slice and it's plotted as the rotational position of the source changes so though it does look like a pipe it's actually data for a static scan and shows the same defect present as the relative position to the source and detected changes um so the the white line that you see tracing through the image is actually the same static defect and it's actually the source and detect that are changing in relative position as we build up the data so with this fast screening you would instantly identify this area as a an area of interest with possible defects and you'd want to go on and do a more detailed scan if you did a fast screening and didn't see any defects the tool could then simply step onto the next section so this is an example of a fast screening being used at a customer location after the standard delivery and clamping on of discovery we completed a full scan and data acquisition at the first location this is acting as a baseline data before we go into the inspection area you then have an area fast screening ahead which can be up to four meters long we're then looking for any variants within the section from the baseline data so the process then becomes a baseline scan step along complete a fast scan monitor the data decide if you want to complete a full scan or move on to the next if there's no change from the baseline data then the tool moves on until the next predetermined area for a full scan in this case that will set at every 20 screening scans if an anomaly is detected in the fast screen then this triggers a full scan again a recent development that has been used in discovery is baseline scan on new pipelines so in this case we work with the operator to look at their own corrosion modelling data and determine areas within the new pipeline that would be areas of interest once the baseline data has been acquired discovery will then be deployed annually to monitor corrosion growth rates in these locations we've got an example tomogram that we obtained here as we expect we have consistent wall thickness measurements however one thing to note was that the position of the production pipe is not ideal and isn't sitting dead center so we were able to advise the clients on that over stress and fatigue can also be identified with discovery so in this image on the right clearly annulus integrity has been lost which could have been due to the lack of centralization of the production pipe or damage to the centralizers the thermal expansion has then allowed this to sit right up against the carrier pipe this could lead to flow assurance issues as well as potential corrosion problems so discovery can also be used to check the effectiveness of the thermal expansion design in this example discovery was able to identify some interesting instances of movement and vibration within an interior gas lift riser so this has the potential to again cause fatigue damage you can see from the image this is an example of a pipe within a pipe within another pipe with the innermost pipe being the gas lift riser the middle is the production line and a heavy wall carrier pipe on the outside again another interesting feature here is that there's an umbilical located in the outer annulus as well if you look closely at the gas lift riser you can see that the image is jagged and distorted and this is from movement during the scan so there's risk of fatigue damage from this movement based on these results we worked with the operator to do some monitoring of that location the goal of this was to understand the slugging that was happening in the gas lift riser as this was contributing to the fatigue so looking at the limit the image above which is a blue color scheme this shows the initial data and you can see that the short areas of lighter blue before darker and that's repeated in quick succession so that's showing slugging passing through in quite high frequency the operator was then able to make slight changes in their system and we then performed the second scan with the results shown below in the yellow color scheme image in this you can see the slugs showing up in lower frequency in the longer areas of red so in this instance the client has been able to reduce slugging frequency and take some of the stress off the gas riser okay i'll now hand over to jim bramlett he's going to take you through the flow shoe in slides great thanks for that rob i appreciate that so again just to kind of touch a little bit before we go all through the flow assurance on on to build a little bit on what rob was saying so one of the key benefits of the technology that we're discussing as far as discovery is concerned is the unique ability of the tool to do both flow assurance as well as asset integrity and it's all within the same scan so in other words we don't have to go out and change what we do to gather either flow assurance data or gather inspection data it's all done all at the same time so even if we are on a primary asset integrity project we obtain the flow assurance data as well so we provide a health check so to speak on all the locations that we have taken the integrity data vice versa if we're on a primarily focused flow assurance project we are also obtaining that inspection data as well and we report that as a health check so to speak for the integrity side of things so why is flow assurance important to us research has indicated as we started down this path that 50 to 80 percent of remediation attempts fell on the first attempt now why do they fail it's not because something went drastically wrong it's that you can only base your decisions off the of the data that you have available to you and what our tool does is the ability to confirm or change your view on what is actually the problem and that has a chain fall effect on how you actually approach the remediation the size of vessels the the attempts that you make whether it's a chemical mechanical whatever the function is right so that's kind of where we've come in with the flow assurance aspect so if we look at flow assurance next slide rob there's four steps to a cost effective remediation the first is you've got to know exactly where the problem is and we use two functions one is our explorer technology and i'll do a brief overview of that just so you you get a feel for it or we can also do that with discovery explorer just allows us to do a large section of pipe relatively quickly and look for the anomaly so where do we need to go the second is to know exactly what it is so what am i up against how much of it is there and what does the the structure of it look like to give you some examples and we'll look at a few of them is it a solid bore blockage or is it a partial blockage so in other words can i get a contact chemical to it or am i going to have to mechanically remediate from a hydrate is it multiple hydrates or a single hydrate is it a long line of what we call snowy hydrate and you'll see example of that or is it a solid block ice hydrates those obviously the third is to effectively remediate it in a cost effective manner and that's by knowing what you have and heading out on the very first attempt and knocking that problem out and then the fourth is you can use discovery to monitor the effectiveness of that remediation campaign because one of the questions always is how long is it going to take we can actually start monitoring that remediation attempt and look for the disassociation or the chemical cleaning whatever it is to look at how much progress is being made over time so therefore we can extrapolate exactly about when we expect the the remediation to be complete next slide please so real quick a little bit about explorer rob rob talked about the technical aspects of discovery so explorer works in a little bit different way it's it's much smaller be stabbed in the mud it can do long runs of pipe and all it does is it's taking a average of the cross-sectional density of the pipe so without being able to go in and pinpoint every location within the production pipe we take an average cross-sectional density and from there we can look at differences in in the density profile throughout the pipeline i.e look for those anomalies and a couple examples i'll show on the next slide so these this is is imperative or indicative of information that we would get from explorer so real quick i'll kind of explain what we're looking at here if we look at the bottom axis all that is is distance from a known point right so we've started at point a we've ended at point b and these are the distances between those points and we take measurements uh with that the axis to the left will be density that's in grams per cc and then the axis on the right will be depth right so we can monitor our depth ratio what we're looking at here is we're looking at a an area of interest of high density so what we have is where the circle is that's a hydrate front side back side with liquids trapped in between in a gas line and we take these readings we take two readings at each location the three and the nine o'clock position and the 12 and the six o'clock position and we overlay them we want to see them overlay uh extremely well which pinpoints that the data is accurate we're not looking at a potential light layer of sand that elevates our overall density and again the reason being is is this particular tool just gives an average cross-sectional density between source and detector but here we've clearly identified one area of hydrate instance next line as we work further down the line you can see that we jumped up into another high dense area where we've identified anomaly and then going continuing to go past that we've got just a mix mosh of high density material next line and then finally we can see here where we have a distinct density differential where we drop back down into fluids from hydrate and then that runs on uh on past this and drops back into gas so with this we've got a clear understanding of where issues are now we can use discovery to go back in and clarify exactly what it is what the extent of it is and what the structure of it looks like next slide please so from a flow assurance standpoint you've seen some images like this from the integrity side however here we've now focused on the production so the only difference in the data that you see between integrity and flow assurance is just that one we're focused on the pipeline or the pipe wall itself for flow assurance we're we're really focusing in on densities that are much tighter much lighter and within the production pipe so all we do in layman's terms if you think about a camera if i'm trying to focus on something six inches in front of me but i'm also trying to focus on something 200 yards out it becomes very difficult so i need to just focus on one or the other and that's all we're doing with the data when we switch between looking at the pipe wall integrity as well as the flow assurance and these are just a couple of quick examples of different flow assurance issues that that we've we found so you get a visual representation of it and the first pipe and pipe on the left that's a clean pipe good production everything looks looks beautiful if you switch over and you look at the image on the right we have a definite structure build up in there based on the densities of 1.2 grams per cc we've identified that as an asphaltene and it's a a more of atari liquid type asphaltene that's able to hold some structure and then you've got a gas you know bore channel up at the very top next slide please here's two different ones here's a different asphaltene it's a much drier asphalting in the image on the left where it's able it's it's holding structure but it's got a lot of trapped gas in it right so we we call that kind of a honeycomb effect type what we're able to do is we're able to go in now and look at the image on the right and identify whether that's a bore channel that's all the way through or whether that's just a trap gas pocket because that becomes critical if you're trying to get a contact chemical in order to remediate that asphaltene the image on the right is a pipe and pipe with a scale build up so it's much higher densities you're in the one we're on the 2.3 gram per cc so we know that's in the scale density range it's much too high for any uh wax or asphaltene or hydrate and we get a clear indication of that buildup and then obviously the operator at that point can make adjustments and do cleaning mechanisms to make sure that doesn't become a full bore issue or reduce uh your ability to to get flow through the pipe next image please so here are some examples of hydrates so some different hydrates we've got an image of on the left of static now remember we're looking at very small density difference so we've got oil water and gas we can clearly see those three layers in the image on the the left and the image in the middle if you'll notice it's it's very packed it's a solid chunk ice buildup hydrate with a gas channel on the top and you can start to see in exactly what we would expect that the hydrates start to build up as they go up around the pipe wall and you can see that your your perfectly clear at the 12 o'clock but if you look at the oh let's say 10 11 and 2 o'clock position you can start to see the hydrate build up and grow up along the walls whereas the image on the far right is totally different right that is a much more uh what we call snowy hydrate where you've got crystallines that are growing and bridging across uh the pipe the interesting fact with that is is that obviously the image on the right will be able to be disassociated much quicker than the image in the middle and that becomes valuable to to the remediation campaign to understand hey it's going to take a little bit longer but we're watching it we are making progress and that's one of the key factors you don't want to sit out with vessels and equipment and all that thinking you're you're attacking something for for weeks on end and millions of dollars in cost to only come back and figure out finally that you're not making any progress next slide please so the final opportunity or the the third phase is to do the effective remediation right so know what you have going in and be able to attack it in the right position so again if it's a contact chemical let's say it's an asphalt team but you've got a solid bore asphaltene you're not going to get penetration through the chemical uh or or with the chemical contact chemical and you go out and do a xylene treatment ahead of time just hoping it'll work that's a 10 million dollar shot on the high end not counting loss or production when if you would have had the data beforehand you would have known that that if that remediation attempt had no chance to succeed in the first place so again it's critical to know all that information beforehand if you want an effective remediation campaign next line and this just shows the ability of the tool this happens to be hydrate as well to be able to watch the disassociation of dehydrate now what you see here is some grainy uh much more grainy images and what that is is we are in both the the images on the right are excuse me the left and the center are in a single location as the hydrate is disassociation so much like you saw with the the the pipe and pipe and pipe moving the gas lift fiber uh uh pipe vibrating in this particular image over time you're seeing the uh hydrate melt and slough and it gives us that grainy image we're able to tell at that point that it's moving or it's changing over the time of the scan and the the remediation is is working at that particular point and then again the image on the far right just shows the oil water uh and slight ice layer laying in the pipe next image a little case study that we'll go over on one that we did and you'll you'll see one of these images uh the the fourth image down you've seen before uh previously this was a line that was quite interesting it was it was showing elevated dp uh as they went into an emergency shutdown although they had flow when they did what they had to do on on the shutdown they started production back up they obviously they blocked the pipeline they immediately thought based on that that they had issues with hydrate buildup so they just started a hydrate remediation campaign of just drawing down pressure pressuring back up drawing down pressure holding pressure back up they kept getting slight movements so they thought that they were actually moving and they continued that remediation attempt at some point along there they couldn't get any more pressure in the pipeline they couldn't get any more movement at that point discovery was launched we went out to take a look at it and it was quite interesting soon as i guess i should back up as soon as they couldn't get any more pressure they thought well maybe it's not a hydrate so they dumped xylene in thinking it was potential asphaltene at that point and the interesting thing is this is the actual results these are just five scans periodically along the pipeline for the case study example if we would go into zone one we found the xylene head we could calculate the amount of xylene that they put in there match perfectly when we entered zone two we entered what we called the salvantic asphalt team where we actually had some some transition from full xylene to full bore uh asphaltene zone three was solid block of full bore uh asphaltene once we entered zone four we entered that what we call that honeycomb look so we've got that dry real dry asphaltene with the the trap gas all in between it and then as we went further down the line we went into the more torres like asphalt team that actually sloughed over time as they didn't have production through the pipe and then that's what you see there coming to find out what it actually happened is is after the fact now that we have this data is they actually had the asphaltene blockage which looked like zone four primarily through they thought they had again they thought they had a hydrate as they drew down pressure it accomplished nothing as they pressured back up and pressure spiked they packed that asphaltene so you can you can imagine with pressure they just collapsed it and that ended up causing the zone three issue which meant that the xylene treatment had no chance of getting through because it was full bore block packed asphaltene and at this particular point mechanical remediation or a lost line is the only options available next slide please one more case study to go through and just show you this was an example of an issue where we had a client that was pretty convinced they had an asphaltene issue in the pipeline they were wanted to bring us out to verify that before they changed and and went in with a remediation attempt and what we found here was the scale issue that you see in the image on or the the tomogram on the right bottom so that quickly changed them right to determine exactly what was going on within the pipeline changed their remediation attempt they went in with scale inhibitors and and tried to clean and what was interesting is is we got a great quote from the flow assurance engineer that said that they had learned more in 10 minutes of reviewing scans than they had in two years of modeling and that's not a knock on the models it's not a knock on the flow assurance engineer it's just a simple fact that you can only your models are only going to work or the effectiveness of the models are only going to work based on the quality of the data that you're able to put in and this gives you the exact information to put in and take a look at your your flow assurance issues so with that we have any questions yep thanks jim yes i'll i'll keep you in the hot seat for a moment if you like and i'll we had a few questions come in so i'll throw them to you um first one we mentioned about coatings but what about removal of marine growth so typically we don't need any marine growth removed as long as it's not just crazy moringa right soft marine growth is typically not an issue uh if we get a case of severe um hard marine growth that could be an issue however typically we're working with this tool mainly at depths that we're not going to run into any of those problems yep thanks okay next one we covered a few of these examples in the presentation but if the contents are multi-phase are there any changes to the scanning protocol at all no so with discovery with explorer we couldn't do it on on multi-phase in production so to speak so the flow lines operating because we're taking an average cross-sectional density those numbers are going to change throughout and skew the results so it has to be a down flow line or a blocked flow line for this for explorer to work well with discovery it's irrelevant it doesn't matter to us whether it's flowing multi-phase uh whatever the situation is and again if you if you revert back to some of those images where we showed things that are changing during the scan versus things that are static during the scan it actually doesn't affect us at all for the simple fact that the build up or blockage is going to be static we're going to see that whatever's flowing whether it's multi-phase or not will give us a ghost or shadow effect and we're still able to distinguish between the buildup and the production great thanks um how long does a scan take and can you cover lengths of pipe again i think we covered a few examples but we will just cover that again sure so a typical scan for discovery and i'm just going to throw average it'll obviously depend on uh the the rules or the principles of radiation right time distance and shielding so depending on how much shielding i.e uh pipe wall thickness coating thickness size of overall pipe production fluids and so forth but right now a typical full discovery scan on most pipes is running 10 minutes or less uh and a quick scan is a minute or two or fast screens excuse me yeah and then we mentioned a little bit about um so we're doing this in 15 millimeter uh cross sections but we can step along the pipeline can't we and and do multiple scans on a certain length although if we were looking at very long distances the pipeline we'd probably do uh initial scans with explorer to identify areas of interest and then go into the discovery scans later on yeah absolutely and of course it's it's very dependent on what your primary focus is right so if your primary focus is integrity you're typically looking at a hundred percent scan of a known distance right so we'll we'll be placed on the pipe at that point the rov can let go of us to stay within umbilical reach and we will scan and walk that tool right down the pipe to the to the uh scope of work that's already predetermined as far as distance right typically if it's flow assurance we're not focused on every 15 millimeters we're focused and known distances apart as we build the pipeline up so at that particular case it'll probably be scan then the rov will move us a certain distance and then we'll scan again move scan so it depends on the primary focus of the project as to how we set that up and and attack it yeah yeah great okay our next question was um can this technology be applied to onshore oil pipelines in theory yes and that's where it all started right however right now we're licensed with discovery sub c we've primary focused with sub c with explore we do this quite regularly downstream uh on access pipe where we're looking for build up in in plant pipes and and so forth in theory we could do the same with discovery we would just need a business case to determine that however we do have a crude reform of that where it's not quite to the detail of discovery that we do do downstream or uh onshore where we can actually do what we call a through pipe scan where we we run similar principles as discovery just not to the to the detail level okay great um we had a question about scanning through concrete coating again that came in quite early i think we covered a few examples so we can scan through concrete coating uh absolutely yeah anything extra to add on on that gym i think no it's just the benefit of being able to scan through the concrete coding right without having to do the coding removal which is extremely time time consuming um is now operators have the ability to in fact scan from the external without any risk of production with discovery and get the integrity data under the concrete great next question was what is the data processing time after measurements so we we get the measurement top side instantaneously and it takes depending on how critical it is it takes uh our our uh project lead a couple of minutes to look at each scan so it can be relatively fast from a flow assurance standpoint we want to make sure that we look at that data very very carefully because that will or could indicate our next move where do we go next um whether we take a big jump or a small jump from an integrity situation it's more of just verifying that the data is good and that there's nothing super critical there uh if there's something uh critical then we will notify uh the company rep on board to take a look at it and it's also critical to be able to look at that if we have a defined let's say two meter scan section that the client wants and we get to the end of that two meter section and we're actually still in the middle of a defect we have the ability to put that back on the client and say okay do you want us to stop here or do you want us to run that defect out the benefit of that obviously is the last thing you want to do is get back to the beach demobilize everything and then all of a sudden wish you had more scans or wish you had something different we're able to do that real time offshore and make those decisions saving countless amounts of money at that particular time yeah okay um next question was um should the pipe be suspended to be scanned or is laid on the sea bed okay we saw in some of the photos and videos that we do need 360 degree access but yeah maybe you want to explain that a bit more jim sure so we do need 360 degree access and the way that we do that now is again it kind of goes back to what is the primary focus of uh of the project is it flow assurance where we're going to take big moves a lot of scans at different locations it becomes it becomes uh cumbersome at times if we haven't used explorer to determine exactly where to go so at that point uh it's probably easier to lift the flow line right to to open up large sections of pipe if it's integrity it's typically done with corrosion modeling we have known locations that we're going to and at that particular point you can dredge those locations um and then we'll we'll go into those dredge holes at that point put the put the tool on and scan those particular locations so again it just rob it it just kind of focuses back on what is the scope of work and the primary focus of the project yeah yeah okay thanks jim um next question was what kind of coatings can be handled we did kind of focus on concrete coatings a lot there but do you maybe you can give a bit more of your experience on different coatings and and other types of um pipelines that we've worked on yeah you bet so just to to kind of make it easy to understand as long as it fits in the tool it's not going to affect us okay so it doesn't matter what the coating is we can go through that coating and get the pipe we haven't come across anything that we haven't been able to go through yet and again if you can get through that concrete you can pretty much get through anything else that's out there great thanks next question was how can we tell if there is emotion occurrence i it would depend on what the emulsion layer is right but if you want based on density differential but you know we've we've seen the image there where it's clear that we can distinguish the difference between oil water and gas um again if it's super tight density it would or it could become cumbersome to try to identify an emulsion layer but if there's enough density split then it's irrelevant to us we'll be able to see that emulsion layer if that hopefully that answers the question yeah thanks tim um next question do you need divers to deploy operate or buy rov most of uh everything that we've done is rov uh there could be a situation i believe where divers could be used or we could we could work it for a diver operated system uh but primarily right now we're doing most of the work or all the work that we've done to date has been with rov i believe i don't i i may be wrong there rob did have y'all had any projects with divers no no we haven't yeah typically in the gulf we've we've all used uh rovs for the application yeah um and there was a question um what class of our v again so yeah it's mainly been a work class iov that we use yeah just based on the size of the tool we're going to need to use that that work class rov to be able to maneuver it so to give everybody an idea you're looking at roughly 200 250 pounds in water with buoyancy yeah yeah uh okay next question uh can the technology be used for composite pipes and other non-metallic pipes it can but again it depends on the density right so we we have looked at come uh uh different pipes however there are some composites that are extremely close to the density of water and we have to be careful with those so it would again it would depend on the density differential again that's all we're looking at is density differentials right so if there's if there's enough density differential between the composite pipe and the the water itself we can actually see that no problems whatsoever we're actually in the middle of a trial right now for composite repairs where we can actually see the composite repair we have identified um delamination and air trapped in between as well as the external pipe wall defects yeah okay that's great so that covers all the questions that have come in um so we've got our contact details up on the screen so if anyone wants to email us get in touch with anything else feel free to you can also find it on linkedin or just go to the tracycode.com website as well so unless anything else jim i think we'll end the webinar great appreciate it rob and i appreciate everybody's time and attendance all right thanks everyone and talk to you soon thank you you