Streamline Your Operations with airSlate SignNow's Pipeline Integrity Management Solutions

How to create outlook signature

on that note i'll hand over to stephen thank you anastasis i appreciate the introduction there can everyone see me and hear me okay yes yeah okay i just wanna make sure so you can see me now but you won't see me long because i'm gonna switch to my slides and we'll go ahead and get started okay can you see my screen then yes everyone okay well thank you all for joining us today and thank you anastasis for that introduction uh today we're going to be talking briefly about pipeline integrity and corrosion management and this is just really an introduction and a brief overview it's it's very much an advertisement for the multi-day course that i teach on this subject and i have taught several times in the past and i've had good reviews on the course so i encourage you hopefully training budget so be coming back with the higher oil price and i encourage you to maybe get involved and join the course because uh i think it's a good course so here's my name stephen just checking everyone can hear me correct yes now we can thank you yes did you not hear any of my introduction we lost you for a few seconds but that's we heard the first all right well just to briefly uh restate it today's subject pipeline integrity and corrosion management my name steven cerraldi uh i'm brought here through asanda but also representing inter-tech engineering and what we'll be doing today is really a brief overview of this subject it's really an advertisement for the multi-day course on this subject which i'd encourage you to consider and i will be talking a little bit about the course and what's involved and really this presentation is a highlight of that course so let's see if i can advance my slide okay so introduction um pipelines why are pipelines is important well frankly they're probably the most cost effective link between resource and market there are thousands hundreds of thousands possibly in operation i know within the united states at least three million miles more to come and yes they play a key role in oil and gas but there will also have a role in the energy transition future it's expected some of these pipelines will find uh service transporting hydrogen ammonia carbon dioxide uh in any case the subject today integrity and corrosion management is critical to safe and reliable operations of pipelines and the two pictures i have here sort of uh show the nice pic the way we like to see things on the left where everything's nice and tranquil the pipeline is operating in tune with nature and what we don't like to see when things go wrong and i should say i put a very mild when things go wrong picture there are thousands to choose from and some are much worse but you get the point so before i get into the subject i just want to mention asanda i've worked with santa several years now and i could say they do a highly professional job with these courses i've been quite pleased and i think the students who have been in my course have been very pleased you can see i'm honda i'm not going to read through these but you can see they really cover the oil and gas industry all the way from subsurface to uh drilling to production to processing and then things including the economics finance project management and health safety and the environment so i think it's sort of your one stop shop for upstream oil and gas training i mentioned i'm also brought here by intertek introtec is a global company offering services in the areas of assurance testing inspection and certification the intertech clients really span a whole wide range of industries including these here my involvement from my background which i'm going to show in a minute uh is in oil and gas so i'm involved mainly with the energy and commodities sector but i have uh dabbled in some of these others now wherever you are i think uh there's probably an intratech near you we're represented in 102 countries worldwide so you know it's always we're easy to find but just to briefly mention my background you can see here i've been in the industry a long time and uh just a real quick synopsis after finishing my my schooling in uh 1980 i went to amaco's r d laboratory and worked as corrosion specialist i don't know if some of you remember amico this american oil company it was acquired by bp in 1999 so you don't see it so much anymore uh but it's what was one of the key parts that now formed bp uh after about nine years in research i went to norway and worked five years and that was my first real involvement with pipelines and things like piggy and intelligent thinking and that i spent a few years in houston and then i had three consecutive field assignments in egypt trinidad and indonesia now all of these assignments i was heavily involved with pipelines uh most of these had hundreds of pipelines in their system i was responsible for the integrity and corrosion management in fact in trinidad was i was a pipeline technical authority after retiring from dp i worked for a while for another service company called a plus velocity for a few years and now since 2015 i've been associated with dinner tech and working as an independent so my industry experience uh is is long and it's been heavily involved with pipelines throughout my career so getting into our subject now let's start with some definitions i always think that's a good way to start so what is integrity management and especially when it refers to pipeline well integrity is the unimpaired condition the soundness completeness and management conducting or supervising something judicious use of the means to accomplish an end so when we talk about pipeline integrity management it means what we want is an unimpaired condition a sound pipeline but it just doesn't happen we have to actually physically work to achieve that and we do that through various management activities that manage the pipeline and give us the integrity we want so that's integrity management now as i mentioned this is just the webinar today is just a preview of a longer course on this subject now this course i've taught virtually or in person depending on the format it's three to five days but just to show you what it covers uh i mean sort of an introduction an extended introduction and historical context like we're doing now uh it talks about uh pipeline integrity management systems and what they are what the purpose is uh discusses the business objective of pim pim pipeline integrity management quite a bit of time has been spent on risk assessment risk assessment is really a key the core part of activities planning you know what are the activities the active management you do to to ensure the integrity of your pipelines and then we get into the actually implementation of the pipeline integrity integrity management system this is really centered around inspection maintenance and repair but it does include things like digging and chemical treatment some of the important aspects that we also discuss are things like management of change incident investigation performance management emergency response and then because of its uh importance we spend some extra time with corrosion so we discuss corrosion fundamentals what corrosion mechanisms are common in pipelines and ways to mitigate it and monitoring there are other issues that we discuss as well in the course now i'm just going to briefly touch on all of these subjects today so you'll get a flavor of what's involved but any any one of these subjects uh is you know considerable time can be spent on so i encourage you to consider uh the actual course so what is a pipeline integrity management system it's the system we use to ensure that we have integrity our pipelines and it's based on the iso continuous improvement loop which i have here this is i think everyone's familiar with that this is the plan do measure and improve type cycle but what this slide tries to represent is this uh continuous improvement loop does not live alone there are many things that go into it including business strategy pipeline integrity goals are something that needs to be said and this would lead to hazard and risk assessment now the hazard and risk assessment as i mentioned is important because that's what determines what the action plans are so it really influences the planning uh just a sound check everybody can still hear me yes yes thank you yeah okay i had a message here about my unmuting so not sure what's going on that was anyway okay so this is pipeline integrity management system and uh you know it forms the basis of how we manage pipelines to ensure integrity okay i can move on [Music] uh now sort of the the starting basis for integrity and for quality systems in general and for the pipeline integrity management system is to know what you have so what you need is a comprehensive asset registry now this could be one pipeline or this would be as as we had in egypt 365 pipelines or same in indonesia 360 some pipelines but it it basically is all of the data you have on your pipeline so the system description the limits materials design specs valves protective systems generally speaking there's a variety of engineering study all the drawings and in fact i show some drawings of some pink traps here and and other engineering documentation and that's sort of the starting basis for the pims [Music] excuse me now we spend quite a bit of time in the actual course on hazard identification and risk assessment and that is a key input to the to setting plans for integrity management so the question and i like to use this photo is what is a hazard what is the risk it's pretty clear looking at this photo the lion is a hazard but the question is is it a risk well if this cage is securely locked and the line is behind it the risk is low but if this cage is unlocked and open the risk is high so it's a key difference between hazard and risk risk includes the probability of something harming you whereas hazard is just something with the potential so that's the difference risk is important um and as i said it is the best practice basis for planning activities in your pipeline integrity management system so hazard identification the first step i i have here a graph that shows and and this was about a five year period six year period in the united states and it shows causes of pipeline incidents then you can look and see yourself i'm not going to read through it but what were the causes of major incidents and it shows the number quite a big number of incidents so these are obviously hazards to integrity management of pipelines and they include things like defective equipment corrosion which again we spend additional time on there are natural hazards such as geohazards floods hurricanes things like that third party you know people uh either dropping objects on it if you have a sub seat pipeline or an anchor drag on a sub seat pipeline or excavation for onshore pipelines there's process hazards which is basically the oil and gas within your pipeline or upstream or downstream equipment security hazards depending on where you are in the world can be substantial and i and i should mention as the energy transition is a current hot topic one of the areas people are looking at now with existing pipelines is the possibilities for hydrogen induced fracking or hydrogen and brittle men in pipelines and for for hydrogen transport and in the case of carbon dioxide transport there is the potential issue with low temperature fracture the idea there was any small leak of liquid hydrogen or liquid carbon dioxide would cause some severe cooling and that could in fact lead to a running crack that would run the length of your pipeline so it's an issue that needs to be considered as we move into the energy transition so what is uh risk risk i think most of you are familiar with this risk is actually a mathematical function risk is the probability of an of an event or a failure in this case as i call it versus the consequence and in determining the probability of the event these are just some of the typical things that might be considered for a pipeline things like design data years in service any corrosion modeling obviously historical data if you have it any mitigation that goes on inspection and monitoring when it comes to consequences of failures obviously safety of people both your employees and the public are important there's the environment and protection of that but failures of pipelines can also have pretty severe impacts on production revenue also on customers and it can affect your reputation as a company and your ability to do future business so all of these are important considerations and risks now in the course itself we talk about a variety of risk assessment techniques and i list here many of them sort of starting from the top of the plot that i have for your task risk assessment these on the top are the easier techniques and what this graph tries to show is that the easier techniques are are used more frequently but they contain less detail so they're more general type of risk assessment tools as you get into increasing detail the risk assessment techniques become more complex more expensive and some of them require that you hire a specialist company to do they're used less free but frequently but depending on what your interest is when you're picking your risk assessment technique you would pick the one that's appropriate that does the job for you and is the most manageable now the idea behind all of these techniques is eventually to come up with the hazard barrier diagram i think most people have seen these before you know just to briefly summarize on the left you would have a hazard and on the far right you would have some severe unwanted consequence that could result from an event here which we call the top event in the middle so from the risk assessment you should be able to decide on what are barriers what are things you can do that would prevent this incident from occurring and we call those barriers then something between the hazard and the event actually occurring and then assuming well maybe the event does occur anyway because these barriers are imperfect so then we would also put into place escalation controls and these are things that if this event unwanted event occurs that would limit the damage caused so so that's the eventual intent of the risk assessment one of the main outcomes you hope to achieve all of these barriers and escalation controls are activities that form the basis of the pipeline integrity management system things you must do in order to have this hazard barrier diagram active and just as an example of that this is a use of risk assessment results so here's an example inspection maintenance strategy this actually is real stuff this came out of the bp operations in indonesia where we had 365 pipelines and you can see on the left you have a variety of inspection and other tasks uh routine tasks for pipeline integrity management piggy chemicals coupons intelligent picking surveys shutdown tests and you would see pipelines categorized in the high risk area would be have have these activities done at a fairly frequent basis yearly frequently three times yearly than that when you move to pipelines that are lesser risk we would drop the frequency of those events and do them less frequency and in fact when we had what we considered very low risk pipelines uh many of these activities were just done by exception or very infrequently and as far as the interstate in the industry now this is considered best practice for managing uh pipeline risk excuse me so let's talk about what are the various activities some of the activities we do to enact pipeline integrity management one of the most important ones is piggy in the course we spend a lot of time on picking so we talked about what are the purposes of piggy the various types of pigs some of which are pictured here uh and why they're used what is maintenance routine digging what does it accomplish progressive piggy what is that exactly for those of you who don't know that's how you clean a very dirty pipeline and you do it very gradually but why do you do it and how is it done and how is it safely done that's discussed a lot in the course also in the course i think one thing i course has that others do not is tips for freeing stuffed dicks now in indonesia and trinidad and in egypt as well my self and my team stuck a lot of pigs and managed to get them free so there are ways to get them free in fact i remember in trinidad we had a stuck pig in a major oil line and every morning at seven in the morning when i came to work our president and general manager was sitting in my office wanting to know when we would get that pig unstuck so that the oil could flow again so i learned a lot on that and something i'm i like to pass on finally when it comes to piggy it's very important for corrosion control and i'll show you an example of that upcoming but with that's discussed as well we have another major activity to ensure pipeline integrity management is chemical treatment now there's a whole variety of reasons why chemicals are used and these are the the main reasons hydrotesting conditioning flow improvement blockage prevention i'll mention that again uh corrosion control and in some cases mothballing or temporary suspension on a pipeline in addition to discussing the chemicals and what they're used for in the course we discussed some of the practical aspects like injection points pumps tanks pipings and logistics also mention the safety of chemical handling and then anytime chemicals is used the monitoring analysis is very important for the optimization of the chemical use and i'll show another example of that towards the end of this presentation another uh key uh or collection of key activities for pipeline integrity management is surveying and testing so we do things like right away surveys security surveys subsea surveys are done if you have pipelines below the surface either done with sidescan sonar or remote operating vehicles cathartic protection surveys are very important both onshore and offshore and finally not to be forgotten is protective process safety protective equipment and the regular testing and maintenance of those and in fact by picture in the right hand corner shows somebody doing a test on a shutdown valve uh inspections are another key pipeline integrity management group of activities so all types of inspections are done both onshore and subsea these include things like visual various non-destructive testing techniques we discuss in some detail in the course direct assessment which is a process that can be used when you can't uh pick a pipeline in order to assess integrity and then finally intelligent thinking is uh we get a lot of time there uh so when it comes to intelligent people it's always an area of interest so in the course itself we go into the different types of pigs and what the advantages and disadvantages are we consider the type of defects that might be in a pipeline and how various banks can detect those the accuracy general accuracy of that and also discuss some defects are difficult to size or detect and that's discussed in the course and uh i just have here a picture of a variety of several pictures of a variety of intelligent pigs just an example and there's more that we have again in the course this is an example of intelligent piggy results on the x-axis here you have the pipeline length starting from the origin of the pipeline running 22 kilometers to the end of the pipeline and then as you can see here we have the number of defects of various steps now this particular pipeline the vast majority of the defects detected were less than 20 percent of wall thickness and that's shown by these large yellow bars now interestingly most of the defects are found early in the pipeline run there are reasons for that and that's something again we go into in the force it's not appropriate for here well assuming we've done inspections there are all types of anomalies that can be detected in pipelines these need to have some sort of engineering analysis to decide if they're acceptable and if the pipeline still has integrity or does something need to be done so this is again an example from the course where we list various types of anomalies that could be observed in pipelines some of these are purely sub-c some of them can occur onto or offshore and then we talked about how are the extent of assessed um and you see in many cases we're still doing it qualitatively with a good engineering judgment in others for for instance catholic protection it's an actual measurement versus a reference electrode when it comes to doing some mathematical calculations on pressure containing capability there are various ways to do that one of the standards we use is the api rp 579 which is fitness for service standard the other one that's other ones that are often used are as the d313 are spang or d and v f 101 again that determines if you have wall loss on a pipeline is it still acceptable to operate and what are the maximum operating pressure limits of that pipeline so this is the type of thing and we we spend more time in the course discussing methods of assessing pipelines well assuming a pipeline is not okay then we might have to do something about it and i don't expect you can read this chart here but this chart basically on the left side shows up all different types of pipeline defects anomalies and then what are acceptable repair techniques so in the course we discuss repairs done by welding and and that's both onshore offshore and some seed uh clamp replacement sectional replacements how subsea freeze bands and crossings are repaired when cathodic protection systems are inadequate built onto or offshore the repair of those for offshore repairs uh the course in the course we discussed the advantages and disadvantages of divers versus rovs various marine spreads diving spreads and of course in all of this type of work safety considerations are important so i mentioned corrosion is a big issue with pipeline so towards the end of the course depends out of course i structure it but we spent additional time on corrosion and and some of that is just looking at the fundamentals now the basic fact is corrosion is electrochemical in nature and in order to have metal corrosion that occurs and takes place in what's called an oxidation or a nautic reaction and you can see the reaction here is iron metal becoming ionized and losing two electrons now in order for that to happen you need to have a cathodic reaction which will absorb these electrons and the so cathodic reaction gains electrons and in this case we have the formation of hydrogen yes now this is very important because this is what drives corrosion and controlling the cathodic reaction will control the anodic reaction now what are the main cathodic reactions in pipelines for oil and gas the three of them that are listed here are the most important so you have oxygen reduction carbon dioxide turning to iron carbonate and hydrogen sulfide forming iron sulfide and free hydrogen uh the picture just shows that within a single metal part of the surface can act as the cathode and part of the animal so but the important thing is that if you can control these reactions you can control corrosion now the good thing about oil and gas pipelines is usually they are oxygen free but that's not always the case just a little comparison there you can uh this is the corrosion rate of carbon steel and don't worry about the units there but and it shows various uh ppm concentrations of these corrosive gases oxygen carbon dioxide hydrogen sulfide and you can see that even at very minute concentrations oxygen is extremely corrosive much more so than co2 or h2s and there are instance instances when oxygen corrosion is a concern most often with pipelines co2 and h2s corrosion we're trying to control so how do we manage corrosion the first step is really to identify the corrosion threats to a pipeline part of that involves understanding the process fluids and the external environment uh some of the pictures here basically are showing external corrosion in the dac this is actually a riser soft shore which shows pretty severe attack at the at the water air interface the the splash zone um once these things are understood the strategy for chemical inhibition and piggying can be set up it is important that corrosion monitoring facilities be in place and that external coatings and static protection systems are monitored now i mentioned the importance of piggy and monitoring i just have two examples here now why is pigging so important well piggy removes liquids and solids to ensure that any chemicals used to treat for internal corrosion actually contact the pipeline and do what they're supposed to do when you pay it reduces the it enhances chemical effectiveness then and reduces the amount required and you can see in this shows an example of this from this one pipeline there's a section of this pipeline where it could be easily taken a section that was not paid the section that was regularly pig is nice and clean on the inside no problem the unfit section shows substantial corrosion the other thing this has to do with monitoring this is actual data that we acquired in egypt where we were trying to control bacteria so for an oil pipeline we were measuring bacteria which is shown on the bacterial counts on the y-axis and this is more or less time on the x-axis so each month now what we found was when we were using a soft poly pig as we call it we were unable to get the to get the bacterial counts down but once we switched to a very aggressive brush pain we were able to get bacterial counts down and control the bacterial corrosion in the pipeline so you could see how important this monitoring is without this monitoring we would have been in the dark in the course of uh we do discuss the various types of monitoring methods available and i just list a few here uh residual compounds ions corrosion probes inspections intelligent painting etc other issues that are discussed uh slug catchers what are slug catchers um why are they used and in the course we discuss that and what they're for hydrates are a hazard for pipelines why do they form in pipelines then what are they and how can they be prevented chemically there's a couple different ways to do that there are various water scales that form in pipelines so how do you prevent them what are the types how do you prevent them and if they are formed how do you remove them wax is another hazard for pipelines it's actually paraffins and asphaltenes but how are those controlled how are they inhibited and how does piggy help control those then there are hazards to pipelines such as geotechnical and buckling those are also discussed in the force now i will say in the course we have many many videos um just an example i don't know if you all remember the uh this was from late last year in the gulf of mexico what they called the ring of fire was actually a sub-sea pipeline leak off the coast of mess mexico that ignited uh luckily no one was injured with this it did shut down production um [Music] but it was quite interesting uh it hit all the news channels so don't when to belabor the fact there but uh in the class we have lots of videos because i think videos are quite instructive some of them are instructional but they really give you the the flavor for pipeline integrity and how severe situations can become if you lose integrity uh finally in the class two there are class exercises and what i have found from the ratings of class prior classes these are quite popular because it allows people to work together and solve some practical problems now it's interesting the class exercises i have are actually based on actual problems i have faced in my career um and so i've developed those into something small teams can work on and share their results and i think it makes the class more interesting uh finally just to sort of in wrap up i want to say pipeline integrity management uh does work this is actual data we had from pipelines in bp west java so this is indonesia now uh bp acquired this asset in about the year 2000 in 2001 the pipeline integrity management systems were installed and you see the leak trend that the this unit was on 365 pipelines in this operation and many leaks per year but once we got the pipeline integrity management system in place we're actually able to reduce the number of pipeline leaks and start to get things under control so it does actually work so uh finally before i uh close and open it up to questions i want to mention intratech now i've i've talked a lot about the course that i teach on pipeline integrity management you know i realize some of you may not uh you know always pick the score the course by course today for or you know maybe you don't get training this year but i'd like to just mention intertek we uh you could have other needs in the pipelines area so intertek we probably have an office in your area the type of things we do involving pipelines include pipeline integrity management corrosion control consulting pipeline inspections vendor inspections we have software available that tracks the qhuc of pipelines and then some of these other things here that we have but actually i mentioned energy transition here i've also i've already gotten involved with some uh consulting advice to a client on exchange in service uh to hydrogen so something else we do so i just went in with uh you know yeah this uh webinar is much about the course but i just want to put in uh this small plug for intertek and their other pipeline services so with that i will conclude the webinar now and opening up the questions and answers now we did have some questions come in uh before the seminar started so let me go ahead and answer those i'll tell you what the question is and what the answers are the first question involved how do we prevent corrosion externally on pipelines i think i i answered that in the course of the webinar i mean coatings are used generally to prevent corrosion it's that and and the use of cathartic protection uh for buried pipelines or sub-seat pipelines so those are the general techniques that are used uh there was a second question having to do with insulated pipeline and how that's managed now normally speaking that's more of a process piping type of question than you know not something you don't usually see long pipelines that are insulated it happens and you know this is probably an example here in this photo of an insulated pipeline but it talked about corrosion under insulation and how is that managed now that's quite a big area i don't have time to answer that there there are various ndt and spot sampling techniques that can be used to detect corrosion under insulation the question also involved if you detect it do you have to replace the piping or can you refurbish it and i mean basically as long as the piping has still has integrity there's no need to replace it but you need to re-coat it and re-insulate it so you would have to clean that pipe up either by grinding or sandblasting apply new coat protective coating on it and then re-insulate it and then re-weather proof that so it's quite a process too much detail for the sports and finally the third question that was asked about how can you repair coating damage on pipeline from either mechanical damage or installation i mean that's pretty simple as well you just need to remove any rust that has started to form on a on a place where coatings been damaged you know uh generally can do that by grinding or um or grit blasting and then there's usually a primer that can be put on and finally an epoxy or a polyurethane type of coating it's just a touch-up repair it's quite easy there's no big rocket science to it so but yes of course you can repair coatings like that so that was the three questions that come in and you know those are brief answers but obviously uh if you're signed up for the course then you go in the course there's lots of questions and answers that occur during the course so that's another opportunity if you get the chance to take the course so that's all i have prepared i will continue to open it up for questions is there anything uh there are stephen there are a few questions coming through on the chat and the first one is regarding cpd uh credits that's not uh planned for the webinar but we do give cpd credits for the and the actual course which are you know cpd accredited okay the the next question is how can existing pipelines be transformed for h2 transmission which i think is a common question or not a common question but a lot of people are asking it and what are the current options and r d for that uh i yeah have you got any um yes yes yes yes yeah basically it's not um you know it sounds scary and you know it's something new and that but basically any pipeline that has been sent set up to transport hydrogen sulfide will be resistant to hydrogen as well so that's the basic conclusion and i recently attended an online seminar where we had several manufacturers of pipeline materials discuss that and the fact that any of the specs that apply for hydrogen sulfide transport and we have those specs available for api and as me basically that will handle the hydrogen as well so hydrogen is not more aggressive high pressure hydrogen gas is not more aggressive than hydrogen sulfide to give you an example um you know you may have uh you know hydrogen gas in a pipeline that several hundred atmospheres right and that's high pressure yes and it looks dangerous it sounds dangerous the actual fugacity of a gas generated by a corrosion reaction is many times higher than that it can be actually 10 to the third then to the fourth atmosphere from a corrosion reaction so if you can handle h2s then you can handle hydrogen so that's the the quick answer i think if i had a pipeline i would want to assure myself of that before i put it in hydrogen service so but the indications are preliminary indications are uh sour service pipeline is good for hydrogen so based on that answer steve steven um that would mean that sour service pipelines would be okay but there'd be a lot of pipelines which are sweet crude pipelines or sweet gas pipelines that wouldn't be suitable for h2 transmission potentially not and then you'd have to look into some detail now the main concerns you would have with the hard areas associated with welding so it could involve a sampling program uh a destructive sampling program to actually sample welds and see what type of harm zones are in the welds there's there's really a couple issues there with hydrogen one is hydrogen embrittlement of hard areas so that's associated with welding the other is what we call hydrogen induced cracking and this could occur with older lower quality steels where you have a lot of mid-wall segregation of trap elements and in those cases hydrogen gas can permeate in and open up cavities on at these impurities so both of those are active hydrogen degradation mechanisms so for a sweet line or a very old pipeline i would want to look into those in some detail the next question i don't know if you can see the questions there it's bringing up in your previous slide with intervals for high risk elements you have a yearly visual inspection and a five yearly external survey what is the difference between these two activities um say say that again here because i'm now i i i looked away because i started looking at uh these questions i think it's better if you asked and then i did not read these things okay so ask me again yeah it's um it's asking in your previous slide with intervals for high risk elements you have a yearly visual inspection and a five yearly external survey what is the difference between these two activities i think the the visual inspection would be for uh available topside equipment so things like big launchers and things like that the surveys were more referring to subsea activities where you would actually survey a pipeline subsidy so you would have to bring in an rov to do that type of work so that's the difference okay the next question is from uh piran masahiri my old boss in london what is the black powder phenomena is it ferrous carbonate feco3 and does your course discuss this issue and remediation yeah it did i don't go into a lot of detail it's not really the iron carbonate it's uh iron oxide it's mill scale so normally when pipelines are produced uh whether they're seamless pipelines they're tubulars rolled tubulars if they're uh welded pipelines than their plate steel but they're heated to high temperatures and then you form a high temperature oxide and that's what the black scale is and yes you have that on your pipeline um it it causes people concerned because if you pick a new pipeline you'll bring a lot of this stuff forward but i have it it's not particularly corrosive it's not particularly damaging i think he's more of a nuisance than anything else and generally speaking once you get it cleaned out of the new pipeline you should be okay after that okay here's an interesting question from owner kopio glue um and it's it's one that i've i've thought about in another way in terms of uh people and their arteries being blocked and whether this could ever be done on a scale like fantastic voyage when they go into the uh you know they they go into the body in a little shift but beside oil and gas industry could pigging be used in food or oleochemical industry as well and i don't know any reason why you wouldn't ah i would say yeah i mean as a matter of fact in my early days of learning about uh intelligent digging i became aware that because i was dealing with rosen which is a german company and they had offered their experience from piggy a beer line right so they had a uh a brewery making beer and they needed to ship that to the transport area and they actually used the pipeline to do that and they were running intelligent pigs in that pipeline uh in order to uh to detect and you know any defects that were in that pipeline so it's intelligent piggy not specific to the product that's in a pipeline and so it could be anything including foodstuffs or food products right but generally speaking uh it's if you're going to run an intelligent page it's a long link to piping you know plant piping you're probably better off inspecting with uh with ultrasonic's ut manual ut or some automated ut but you wouldn't run a pig in those so and you'd have to be if you did you'd have to design the pipeline ingly yeah exactly exactly the next question is will the presentation be made available it will will be making the recording available on youtube but we won't be handing out these slides they're available if you um do the course okay the next question how do you evaluate that a pipeline needs mechanical attention or chemical attention as an action under pim or combination works better okay did you get that stephen yeah i got that question but that's uh that's sort of an open request question i mean uh how do you evaluate uh i mean i think i i went through the fact that you run do risk assessments that um you know you would look at a pipeline or a set of pipelines and look at what the potential hazards are corrosion could be one of those mechanical damage could be one of those and you would evaluate the hazards and determine if any actions are required using a rich risk assessment approach so the question is kind of kind of general but you know if you look specifically well the chemical attention uh you know potentially do you do corrosion modeling to see if you have a corrosive environment or you would look at any historical data have you had a lot of leaks on the pipeline and then determine if any chemical treatment type is uh types is required so uh so the whole basis of planning any tim related activities is risk assessment and risk assessment involves data evaluation so you use what data you have evaluate your situation and determine if there's significant risk of failure from either mechanically or chem or corrosion then you would put steps in to control that so i think that answers the question you have to look at a specific line the next question i'm not sure if you can answer this from socrates with all respect mr stephen what is your thoughts for the east med pipeline i'm not sure if you're familiar with it or not no so sorry we can't answer that socrates uh the next one's a direct question to me which i'll answer after this and that there's a question from eric vanderveered uh is hdpe line pipe suitable for h2 transmission good question i don't know the answer maybe you do high density polyester yes hdp is that generally speaking i think you'd have issue with that because [Music] any sort of flammable piping material uh i think you would have trouble getting that past the regulators i know when i worked in norway we were using fiberglass piping for a fire water system so that's carrying water and even that was the struggle to get past the regulator so now i shouldn't say that that's impossible i guess for low pressure use it could be considered and the other thing is they could because if the line is buried the full length that would be an advantage from a safety point of view so so for instance again back years ago we would use it within amaco we'd use fiberglass piping for transport of oil and gas for buried lines only and generally speaking those were low pressure so it's something i think that if you have a low pressure hydrogen line it could be considered if it was buried but it would have to be looked at pretty closely and again i would recommend taking a risk assessment approach what are the hazards and you know what what measures need to be put in to control it then i think also if you're considering that it would possibly be good to consult regulations in your area because that's something that probably is regulated i'll put the next two questions together because i think they um probably have a similar answer they're from owner kopioglu again and riyad ismail the first one is another question for pigging does it work with conjulation of oils and fats in the pipeline and the next question is in the oil and gas sector do the manufacturers have to use the bigging process so i think maybe you can answer these together or maybe you have two separate answers well i think they're kind of separate one is i mean coagulation of i guess that was food products in that uh yeah i mean i should i mean yeah anything i mean piggy is effective against wax deposits and and can be effective with the proper tools again scaling deposits so i would say anything that would form some sort of blockage yes piggy is a potential way to remove it you run the risk that you've been sticking and then you have trouble as well so there you know each piggy situation i think needs to be looked at carefully but uh yeah i think it's there's a potential for pigeon particularly if you have uh in this some sort of food service pipeline that gradually builds up solids on the wall and doesn't form an actual actual blockage piggy would be a very good way to gradually be periodically remove anything built up on the wall so that would be fine now in terms of uh pipe manufacturer no you don't you don't pick a pipeline manufacturer seamless pipe is produced by piercing which a mandrel is inserted in the middle to make the hole and the hole is mechanically made in order to form a seamless pipe but you know it's not really piggy it's not considered part of the manufacturing process now during commissioning of a pipeline fabric you know when a pipeline is installed there's usually piggy activities associated with that as part of the commissioning process for a pipeline and those are actually there are some interesting stories about what comes out of a bike line during those interesting phases you know it's quite common during commissioning of a pipeline that the people will bring through hard hats and people's lunch boxes and welding rods and all kinds of trash that's been thrown into the pipeline during the manufacture so so yes it's used in commissioning but not really in production of the tubulars the manufacturer um there's one one last question and we're getting well i'll say it's the last question because we're getting some thanks which i guess yeah some people are moving on we're nearly we've only got a few minutes ago so if you can hang on that would be great last question is what is your opinion about another question came in what is your opinion about solu force system i don't know i haven't heard of that before myself but no i have no idea what that is uh so i'll just read this last question things that's just popped up uh in my past experience i had issue with fiberglass reinforced pipe for cooling water line from sea what's the best approach to us assess and the inspection method after being repaired from cracking inspection of fiberglass pipe is very tricky and it's not something i'm uh uh strictly up on people have tried various ndt techniques i don't think they they work very well uh you know there can be issues with hydro testing but um i think that's probably your best bet is to to run a hydro test on those um you know and uh pressure monitoring and that now the good thing is if you're just carrying water it shouldn't be disastrous if you have a leak so but yeah one of the issues with fiberglass fighting is the difficulty of inspecting it and i think people defer to hydrotest then because it is so difficult there is not a good ndt technique that i'm aware of okay uh there's another question popping in is pigging in service pipe lines recommended um i would say yes and that's something we go into the course there's a variety of reasons for piggy so if those reasons exist then you should be now one of the reasons is liquid builds up in a pipeline so yes you would run a pig to sweep and remove liquids that's one reason corrosion control is another reason for piggy so if you have the potential for corrosion pidgey is important wax things like wax or scales is another reason you might want to pick so yes uh pe is recommended but it has to be there has to be a purpose for picking you have to know what it is and uh so then you select the pigs appropriately and that's covered in the course you know [Music] i mean certain pigs are are good for certain things and not for others for instance a deliquifying pig is a generally speaking around sphere it does not do any cleaning as a matter of fact it can make things work worse with prospective corrosion because it just grinds stuff into the wall it doesn't actually remove it so but it's very good for for the liquid plant so yes there's a lot of reasons for piggy and but you would select the pigs appropriately okay there's just a comment came through that solute force is a uh where did it go solid force pipeline is a flexible plastic pipeline okay so i'll call that on questions if you've got any other questions you can email them through on the training of the sanderengineering.com and i've got one last slide to show with with respect to uh our training courses and if anyone is a learning and development manager or training manager to you know perhaps arrange a meeting with myself i'll see if i can get this up i'll just share the screen oh i'm sorry so i just got to pull the slider [Music] right sorry taking longer than i expected uh are you still sharing can you give me the share screen stephen i think you need to stop sharing whoops i already shared it or went out of share okay doesn't want to let me um do it for some reason strange oh here we go right so the the last thing for me is just to get you to arrange a meeting with myself to discuss your learning and development requirements we just have a 60 minute deep dive into what your requirements are your if you've got a learning program or if you're just looking at individual courses and we'll focus on uh areas of collaboration if you have a program and we discuss the opportunities you know on a one-to-one basis with a 30-year oil and gas expert which is myself and there's no obligation it's just to discuss what we can do for you or what maybe we can recommend for you and it may not be with us and you can use the qr code yeah hi technology or just click on the link and book the meeting directly with me and you're welcome to do that now and i'll send these links and the qr code in the follow-up email which will also include the link to the video that we've just done for this course and information on our future webinars okay so that that's it for me and uh i think we've exhausted the questions for now and i don't is anybody got anything else to contribute ezra or stephen i just want to say thank you for those who attended and uh and uh say how much i really appreciate the the questions you know it's it's always a little bit disappointing you go through almost an hour webinar and then have no questions so i really appreciate the questions i think they were good and uh you know i had to think a little bit myself on some of these so so i appreciate everybody's attendance and i appreciate the questions so thank you very much okay great all right we'll we'll call that a wrap and uh hopefully see you at our next webinar which is in a couple of weeks actually we've got one coming up again on the carbon challenge which was very popular so we're running it again for the north americas and the american south american regions at an appropriate time zone okay so see you all later yep goodbye everyone thank you stephen for an excellent presentation and thank you to all of you thank you thanks for your assistance