Improve Sales Procedures in Operational Plan for Animal Science

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[Music] [Music] he is driven by a high sense of papers behind the steering wheels he is a member of a team of ghanaian research scientists preparing a new feed considered to be very rich in protein for livestock this is particularly good news for commercial operators desirous of adding more flesh to their livestock for high turnover dr sekfield obrasi comes to the secretary of the csir animal research institute of ghana to monitor the experiment which leads to the formulation of the feed the black soldier fly is considered to be of no use to man much less the house fly which is actually taken to be nuisance ironically the two insects are of prime interest in the new venture by the animal scientists the black soldier fly is trapped but the house fly is left on the loose but only baited to lay eggs on a sore dust the eggs when they metamorphose into larvae are then mixed with the bran of any of the grains to formulate the new feed for livestock a better alternative to fish meal or feed formulated with soya bean not only because the larvae are less expensive but it saves the farmer the workload associated with soya farms this is a climate smart technology avoiding dependence on plant material this is a project that started some five years ago with swiss swiss farms so collaborative institutions are cabi switzerland cabi west africa csr new research institute fish for africa in rob at benin and university nasibuni at bukina faso the whole idea is that we see that agriculture is now challenged with climate change consumer preferences reduction in land size and production of a lot of wastes so to be sustainable there should be a way of reducing dependence on good materials and moving on to things that human beings may not even use but animals can use three components guarantees the qualitative nature of the larvae feed this is the incubation boom you can see the eggs so we drop them onto the and then we incubate it in this trough for five days then they will hatch into larvae they will put them into bigger troughs and then do their maturation here they will be here for about eight further days then they will mature here pre-puppy it means we don't allow the larvae to pupate because when the people they go to adult at that time the protein level will change it will become more fibrous the chitin will increase so it will not be very good so we harvest the larvae pre-p the scientists defense of larvae feed is not only situated in science but folklore as well we have a history from the bible john the baptist was eating low costs which is an insect and honey and he survives and even in ghana we are eating and if you go to other places the larvae from shed shell nut pumps also eating so we have a basis to suggest that we should use larvae for livestock production you get a clearer picture as to why the scientists would like to take further steps to improve on current conditions when you obtain insights at the animal feed quality control laboratory the side effects of other protein sources such as excessive soya bean and fish meal in animal diet places the larvae feed on another pedestal the soya bean um has its effect when it's given in essence just like the plants i mean the animal sauce too which is the fish meal which is normally brought if soya bean is fed in essence without concentrating on the recommended values the for example poetry they can have a pasting pasting up or they have escritas taken at the vent and so they will have um finally gets right now this functioning so it's an example of improper feeding just giving them anything because they think the protein is there and so you just feed them so it's an effect another example is the fish meal if yeah it's fed in essence you can have fishy flavor in your meat products or the even the eggs the flavor wouldn't be so attractive or nice for consumers in analyzing animal feed in this lab it is to ensure animals are on balanced diets free from contaminants and toxins an example of feeding fats um supplemented diets without really knowing what the amount should be just giving them is that if you feed early cows lactating cows with fat supplemented diets they may end up having ketones in their bloodstream and so they have a condition known as ketosis high moisture content of animal feed reduces the amounts of nutrients in the feed just as the parameter is a warning that a feed may have short shelf life in storage the csir animal research institute of ghana provides additional lab services for parasitology biochemistry microbiology and biotechnology we will go through one by one and for status it must be stated that the parasitology lab performs diagnostic tests in both animals and humans to determine whether there are transfers of disease between the two it is reported that the animal that is disinfected becomes predisposed to another infection if the animal released into free range comes into contact with other animals the two-way transmission mood between animals and humans is startling one of the things i found out was that the farmers are also infected with some of the parasites are in the animals and we also found some goods that were infected with species of parasites that are supposed to be in humans which means that there is transmission between the animals and the humans and one of my aims is to do more research to find out how these transmissions will come about how the infections were going to come up with preventive and control measures a very important tip for those rearing livestock to beware of zoonotic diseases the biochemistry lab performs a wide variety of functions it takes urine fecal and blood samples of animals for analysis these are to determine the state of animals vital organs and hormones the biochemistry we carry out samples from the scientists from the universities from outside and they bring up the sample we analyze we do full chemistry we check the liver function test that's called the liver profile we do the kidney function test with b criteria we also check hormones then as far as the chemistry is concerned usually the point of brain is the serum we use or plasma when they bring that blood sample then we will separate and use it to run the test in biotechnology the lab develops technologies to address challenges in livestock industry search technologies are meant to transform lives of farmers and value chain operators it devised a system which has made a major breakthrough in the breeding of guinea fowls one of the challenges of guinea fowl breeding is farmers are not able to differentiate guinea fowls a male from a female so that they can embark on breeding program so in this lab we developed a technology based on a polymerase chain reaction to differentiate male genitals from female guinea pills right from day one when all indicators are failed to reveal the exact causes the scientists fall on genetic characterization as the last result and this is performed by the molecular lab molecular biology there is is works with dna or rna you know and there are genetic materials you know whatever the phenotypic characteristic which come out they're all ultimately controlled by our dna or rna so therefore the ultimate diagnosis or characterization lies with our genetic material yeah so genetic characterization dna related rna related information gives us a very fine differentiation although two say pathogens they look the same but at a very fine level we can differentiate using molecular markers et cetera microbiologists at the csir animal research institute indicates that worldwide 80 of diseases are caused by microorganisms especially bacteria seen only in microscopes microbiology laboratory of the institute deals basically with routine diagnosis and research in areas of bacterology mycology virology and immunology or serology and when it comes to routine diagnosis we do this mostly with animal farmers in the handling of their poultry sheep good cattle diseases sometimes they bring a dead end mouth for there for postmotive and then we take the organs for culture and sensitivity to determine appropriately the drug of choice for treatment mortality in animals induced by wrong cultural practices or negligence is real a veterinary surgeon of the csir animal research institute is pictured here performing a postmortem on two beds the cases were reported by a farmer a farmer brought a techie one techie and one broiler and my postmortem results i found out the brawler had a necrotic enteritis which is an intestinal bacterial infection and the broiler had some form of paralysis which i'm still talking with them getting more clinical history to do the final diagnosis i received quite a substantial day where i do pm to tell them the cause of the death of the animals and also offer solutions in terms of medical treatments that they should follow for companion animals i provide services animal research veterinary hospital provides services in surgery if you want to do some form of castration for your male dog or you want to spay your female dog or you want any medical assistance in terms of animal commonly any dog diseases and cats disease or any companion anymore you are welcome the farmer will have to put them on based on the results of the post mortem the farmer may be advised to bring other beds which were in close proximity with disease-stricken ones for tests or unaffected ones quarantined to avoid the spread of disease in ghana small and large remnants transported from the north to the south of the country begin to show symptoms of a disease called ppr it is marked by greenish diarrhea as well as purulent discharges from the animal's nose eyes and mouth haven't demonstrated world-class capacity to deal with animal diseases the rome based food and agriculture organization of the un declared the csir alma research institute of ghana as west africa's animal disease treatment center this was an international license granting the institute the right to provide veterinary services in entire sub-region we make reference to the beginning of the script as we introduce the quail it is an emerging party luck being handled by the csir animal research institute at its field stationed at fafraha near accra the japanese species of the quail in his custody were fed with an insect larvae to improve on the best reproductive performance between five weeks and six weeks they start to lay their eggs and when you compare in terms of real economics uh the quill takes in about 18 grams of feed a day whilst the laying hen takes 115 grams but when you get to the market the prices of the eggs are fairly the same the poultry profile of the csir animal research institute of ghana features broilers raised for their meat layers for their eggs and multiplication and the aribro which is a quality variant developed by the institute director of the institute is dr ebenezer we have a hatchery that can produce the old cheeks and it has a capacity of about thirty thousand daily cheeks which we have on offer on commercial basis if any farmer wants to bring his eggs to hatch them we are prepared to do that for them one area of which we are so much concerned is the high importation of checks currently all the devotees that are that are being housed or being managed by our party farmers are sometimes important we stand a chance we have a hatchet capacity of close about 30 000 so we do not see the essence of trying to import the watches from australia as well back you can imagine when you are importing devotees from australia as well as far off by the time you've been there which is from australia to ghana and then moving them from here to say afara farms in the half region you can imagine the stress on them so we are now better in a better position to produce the oceans that can be enough to feed the country ghana drugs used on livestock are transferable to human consumers thus the institute performs what it calls drug redraw before bears are slaughtered and dredged for sale we don't normally give them a lot of drugs because we want to prevent drug resistance in human when they consume their bets and before we slaughter our best we do withdrawal of drugs two weeks proud to slaughter so that we don't have any residuals in the dress mix new technologies designed by the csir animal research institute would mean that there is labor efficiency in piggery and quicker growth in pigs as the monogastric animal will be ready to go in a maximum of five months making all the difference is the laying of sawdust in the modern pig style the animals on the on the sawdust normally do not come up with this stench that is associated with with piggy the animals on this technology also grow faster as compared to those on the conventional on a conventional type again you do not need a lot of water to wash the floor and again to wash the animals i would normally do on the conventional type you just need cool drinking water for the animals to just drink and they are fine and free to go you can also construct this particular structure which is quite cheap as compared to that of the other conventional type again if you can look at the the type of structure that we have you can see that we have the translucent roofing sheets and this roofing sheet helps in directing sunlight straight onto the the sawdust now there is a solution that we may talk about maybe in the course of the presentation the solution normally when sprinkled on the on the saw that converts the solders into simple mushrooms and sugar that enables the animal to eat a supplement in view of this it enables the animal to grow faster as compared to the conventional type again at the end of the production phase the sawdust is not just a waste but you can scoop this out and to serve as manual for those who are interested in cropping vegetables util region is reported to be a hub of small remnants in ghana in other words the eastern corridor of the country has the highest density of such animals working in close partnership with the animal production division of the ministry of food and agriculture the encuanta livestock breeding station of the csir animal research institute is into protocols to multiply sheep and goats apart from the breeding station here there's no other research station in the area to address issues in livestock production talk about nutrition talk about lifestyle production as a business talk about health issues and so to be able to advance the kind of help that farmers require in livestock production the animal research institute is teaming up with mufa apd to transfer a new breed of sheep that animal research institute has developed to the area so we can multiply and transfer the offspring to farmers to improve their own stock so they can produce to improve their food security and also to improve their income the institute has another field station for ruminas at pukkurasi near accra these particular ones you can see that they are with their young ones so we call them we don't call them other we call them dams then with our lamps so we we don't allow as soon as they are due for um for partition we separate them from the main flock into the maternity so this area is called maternity unit maternity unit so we bring all of them onto the time that we win them at certain weight or an age then we separate them and then we put the mail on them again so we don't allow the females to rest for a long period in cattle breeding the csir animal research institute has been crossing different breeds to attain optimal results in meat and milk production by the estimation of the scientists ghana has a shortfall in meat consumption thus production is subsistent to meet local demand the food and agriculture organization fao pegs daily protein requirement in people at 70 to 80 grams of which 50 percent must come from animal origin the average meat consumption by garniers is 46.5 grams below the fao standards again ghana imposed 60 percent of meat to supplement domestic meat production the csir animal research institute recommends that a void can be filled should there be private sector partnerships and additional funds to intensify research for multiplication we've been able to develop new breeds of sheep goat and cattle which are bigger in what that means is that they're more meaty and they are also resistant to diseases compared to the local ones that we have so we we have a kind of hybrid between two different species that have good a good a plus and also a minors and we've been able to combine both the the pluses from either side whilst we eliminate the minors that they have in 2009 argentina the south american nation better known for beef production invited ghana to discuss ways of cooperation in animal husbandry and beef processing should that happen the focus is likely to be on this breed of cattle already in ghana called indama red for his beef only they are kept on the institute's fields at pukuyase with other breeds in the head office compound alfa fraha both locations on outskirts of accra the issue of nomadic hesmen has often provoked outcry among rural farmers they say cattle destroyed their farms the animal scientists of csir considers a front planes in eastern region as the best location for cattle grazing we've had challenges with the full honey hurtsmen and the crop farmers because during the dry season we don't have enough therapy so they they move their cattle into people's farms and there's been challenges especially in the eastern region now we're doing work to address this issue we've been part of the national committee to see to addressing this issue part of the work we're doing in the afram plains and trying to see if we could develop pastures so that we get these cattle farmers to move their cattle into those ranches we are currently trying to see if we could develop corridors because we have animals moving from our neighboring countries burkina faso togo co-devo during the dry season into our countries but there are no defined corridors for them so that they could graze and they could water and currently we're developing those systems in the dairy product research and development unit simply called the processing unit cattle products are processed into several items for consumption okay yeah so this is our final finished product this is one liter the volume that is vanilla flavored and we have the same volume one liter this is strawberry flavored this is 300 ml vanilla flavored and the same to their strawberry in meat size and food safety high protocol standards are observed it is to ensure that the slaughtered and dressed meat meet best hygienic standards first optical conditions at the institute's abattoir at fafra speaks for itself with regards to hygiene and this is open to the public at a small fee those who burn car ties to remove fur on animal crackers are putting lives of consumers at risk scientists say the suit being the black powdery or flaky substance is carcinogenious meaning it causes cancer the csir animal research institute has developed a technology to avoid that which is the use of gas to do the same gene it is at a minimal cost in terms of energy usage if meat to be processed is placed in the chamber of a solar dryer developed by the csirf scientists the hot wood technology also acts in place of the car ties by applying gas to cook the meat later a little smoke is introduced on the meat just for flavor and appearance we have meat processing equipment here like band saw like the mensa like the bow chopper which are available to the public for use at a very small feast we also provide training in processing in meat handling meat safety abba toast lotta unit is also available to the public for use at a small fee at the institute's field station at pukayase is a grass cutter breeding where focal persons offer deep insights into ace management benin came to learn grasshoppers from ghana as we talk benin one farmer can put about three thousand five thousand grass cutters the ghana the mountain that you can get about 500 why because somewhere when the ngos who came to promote the gaza veteran withdrew their services um the promotion exams went down and now we've started we are not the admiral research is now organizing training programs for farmers it is an important source of bushmeat for africans in the sub-saharan area breeding of grass cutter will require meeting the opposite sex which the scientists have found the way around the complicated means the glass is in such a way that if you bring the milk during meeting if you directly bring the male to the female they fight so one dies so how do we resolve that issue we have to research into it observing observing for some time so we designed a special cage before we made them the film the male is brought closer to the female they'll be there for a week two or three so that they establish a relationship so when you bring them together that aspect of fighting is resolved smoothly they meet there are three indicators by which to differentiate between the male and the female grass cutter which was previously unknown if you look at the membrane scatter the head has yushi it's a gentle slope but if we take the female grass cutter it's a v-shape a very steepy so with the looking at the head you can really identify the male from the female another thing that we also realize is that if you have the female grass cutter and you want to know just pass your finger or your palm at the flange of the abdomen you'll find some pimples like structure over there die the teeth so even if the animal is young you're able to see that it's female or because they may not have their their teeth at all so this has also helped the farmers to distinguish between the female from the middle easily grass cutter meat is a source of protein and incomes if professionally handled rabbitry is the other husbandry undertaken by the csir animal research institute rabbit meat is said to be high in protein low in sodium and cholesterol and it is a good income supplement gestation period of rubbish is between 30 and 32 days and here at the unstationed research being conducted on the small mammals the scientists take a lot of interest in the rabbits fair or colic for leather rabbit hide is used in making hearts and clothing and could be a source of export revenue for the self-employed based on the farmer's perceived preference you know what the rabbits like a little research that we did to look at which ones the rabbits like better we selected four plants out of there so many plants harvested them dried them and then formulated diets for the rabbit and then with this formulation we incorporated even corn cob you know when the corn when people harvest the corn they throw the crops away we melt them and then incorporated them into the diet because we want to reduce feed costs we have been switching between pupiyasi and fafraha and we returned to pokhyase to see the pasture museum it is the only pasture museum in west africa with unique grass propagated for multiplication however it faces one thread that of encroaches particularly real estate developers in the procuracy neighborhood who are inching closer and closer towers is a patient of lands occupied by this foliage from the animal scientists who have taken the pains to observe and code trends in plant behavior it is reported that at the onset of rains grasses contain 10 percent protein and thus drops to 3 percent in the lean season it is reason scientists have devised reliable means of formulating animal feed for the optimal intake of protein for their growth their materials that have been researched on the issues of biomass issues of nutritional quality have all been assessed and issues of animal acceptability these are materials that animals prefer over other materials so they are not just weeds as a lot of people refer to their pasture materials that animals really eat but among all the materials we work on we have kept samples here so this is a repository of all the materials we keep the gem plasm we have fills of four meters by four meters so we have samples of all the materials that we work on we have other areas where we do multiplication for wider applications but here we keep small samples so that when anything happens if we lose all the other materials on the floor this is the only backup we have so if anything happens to the materials here it is a real disaster for the whole country and for the whole west african subregion these are the multi-nutritional feed blocks whose alternative is pelletized feed materials are held together by a binder and this kind of feed is said to be good for monogastrics as pigs and poultry livestock which are monogastric are animals that have simple single chain bed stomach compared with ruminants like cow goat or sheep which are four chain bed complex stomachs at this point let's reverse it the grass cutter breeder and listen to how the pelletized feed for example is performing miracle on domesticated grass cutter gaster in the bush when they conceive they reabsorb some of the filters what happens is that they say that they don't have enough nutrients that can cater for about eight ten or eleven filters so that they have developed so they have to re-absorb some they take some of the physicals in so that when they give birth to say five or four they can cater for that they can have enough breast milk to feed those ones yes so what then we have to solve that issue so we have to develop special feed which will give to the pregnant dough so that it's able to have enough nutrients in the system so that the issue of re-absorbing about 40 percent of the fetal cells will be resolved when we when we did that yeah it has worked now we can have grass cattle giving birth to about 8 10 or 11 young ones the director of the csir animal research institute dr ebenizansa says the institute is a center of excellence committed to entrepreneurship demands of individuals organizations and government we conduct cutting-edge research and provide state-of-the-art technologies to industry the institute consists of six technical divisions and two non-technical divisions and we have a wide range of expertise we have parasthologists we have microbiologists by chemists we have expertise in feed production and nutrition pasture management agroeconomics breeding and genomics veterinary science meat science and food safety so it's a highly specialized area of expertise the director general of the council for scientific and industrial research csir ghana professor victor kwame ajimai says the value chain of running a poultry farm for instance opens many doors if you take the poultry value chain for one poultry farmer you have not less than about 15 jobs that are created within the value chain for that single pottery farmer uh transportation when it comes to the eggs transportation feed you know um it comes to the vaccines that you you have at the farm level you know those who plan the maze so the fact is that we in looking at a technology we do not look at the value chain of the technology and the jobs that are created and that is one of the things that csir is doing so that you recognize these jobs at each of the value chains and then you direct people to those jobs because people will see oh i want to be a poetry farmer without knowing that there are about 15 other jobs that you can do to get to that pottery farmer his reflections are proven by a female poultry farmer who received training at the csir animal research institute i started poultry about five years ago my intention was to raise layers for x table x but when i started because of lack of knowledge i stopped on the way so three years two years ago there was a project supported by kaffasi that's the korean government through animal research institute so i was lucky to be one of the beneficiaries so in starting those projects that project they took as the animal research institute called us for training how to give vaccinations to the best feed preparation recourse keeping and how to expand our business so there were several workshops being organized by the animal research institute in which i attended so the first project the animal research institute raised beds and distributed it to we the farmers so upon that i decided to expand with the little knowledge i got from them to expand their business to a different level so in the second year we're lucky they supported us once again with another base in which gave us more room to expand so we decided to expand i decided to expand from 200 beds to about almost 1000 base that's the second year to come out of the poultry she has a craft farm fostered by manila obtained from poultry droppings and now the mag focal person of animal research institute of ghana mag is modernizing agriculture in ghana and it's a canadian-funded project it's a canadian-funded project and basically one of their main objectives is to do technology transfer and so they have resources here some csi institutions to do this technology transfer on their behalf animal research institute happens to be one of them and for starters we were asked to produce manuals and so we were able to produce some training manuals from some of our technologies that we had worked on and so we have a manual here on training training manual on preparation of multi-nutritional feed block for ruminants which we prepared there's another one which we prepared common fees for women and livestock production in ghana and then there's a third one indigenous microorganisms emu technology for sustainable peak production all these manuals were produced with the help of mufa minis of food and agriculture the directorate of agricultural extension services and after preparing the manuals what we did was to go around having what we call training of trainers [Music] workshops [Music] you