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hey me me hello I'm Frank Williams retired Chief Justice of the Rhode Island Supreme Court and a member of the newly formed Rhode Island civil war sesquicentennial Commission because now and for the next of four years we will be commemorating the hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the greatest conflagration at least to date that our country has ever seen and with me is professor more recline of the University of Rhode Island who has written about the Civil War and for the next few minutes we're going to discuss a little bit about Rhode Island's participation in this major war and how we participated with the Abraham Lincoln administration to help win the war for the north and with me is dr. Klein who will also say a few words about the economics of our state during that that terrible time well when you think about the Civil War you always think about the military aspects of it and not often do you get down to the point of where did all of the stuff they used come from and one of the things that won this war more than any other previous war because this is really the first industrial war and the North had those industrial capabilities in the South did not and that turned out to be one of the most important aspects in the outcome and Rhode Island was an important part of that yes it was and through its manufacturing although when i checked the 1860 census the agrarian that is the farmers outnumbered those in manufacturing to 21 which goes to show you what our culture was still like in 1860 but you know i noticed two morry that wrote that rhode island had a split personality as much as it participated economically with its mills odds textile mills it really favored the south at the beginning of the war in fact the four delegates from rhode island that was sent to the peace convention the ill-fated peace convention at the Willard hotel in Washington in 61 februari of 1861 in an effort to resolve these difficulties really were voting with the South almost all the time in order to keep the border states and other southern states in the Union and yet they voted for Abraham Lincoln for president and did did fulfill its role in providing volunteers to the Union Army and Navy all the time that the president asked for quotas Rhode Island was there exceeding the wrote the state quota never having to to start the draft yes and one reason why they were they were not the only state in that position New York and others were like that in the case of Rhode Island they were like that in part because of the textile mills and southern cotton and the trade relationships they had with the south which would of course been totally ruptured but once the war started the whole mechanism of Rhode Island industry gets into it because it in addition to that it has a number of industries that made everything from steam engines two locomotives the guns all of those things which are the the wherewithal of war it's true and and I think one of the great war photographs that you and I have seen is that view of the first Rhode Island regiment awaiting to embark on the train at railroad station railroad Hall station where the federal courthouse is now on on kennedy plaza it was commanded by colonel Ambrose Burnside I transplanted Rhode Islander who had graduated West Point also served in the Mexican War he would later go on to be a brigadier general and then a major general in charge of the Army of the Potomac even though we didn't want the responsibility because he headed the army at the ill-fated attack on fredericksburg but that photograph I think exemplified just how willing a Rhode Islanders were to support the war effort after the firing on Fort Sumter on April 12 1861 yes and the Rhode Island as you said the Rhode Island contribution militarily was significant it had a number of good artillery units a number of good infantry regiments one flip side to all of this that no one thinks about is not only what Rhode Island and other states did for the Union during the war but what the war did for Rhode Island and what it did for the northern economy in general was to give it an incredible boost not least because all of the road blocks of the agricultural south were now gone and so Congress could pass legislation that would benefit Rhode Island in other states in terms of banking in terms of settlement of the West in terms of a Transcontinental Railroad and a host of other things that were literally going to change the face of the country and and I think it had a residual effect didn't it on our state and other northern states that that carried over into the post-war years and the Gilded Age with with a paradigm and that is a sample of how to organize businesses that that came from the military organization during the Civil War and this kind of favored industrialism commercialism that developed during the war itself absolutely in fact the single biggest business that developed both before but especially after the war was the railroads who pioneered in almost every aspect of big business and one of those was of course how do you create a management of a large far-flung enterprise how do you create a system for organizing and managing that and the answer to that for a model they drew inevitably upon the military and it's no accident that a large number of the early railroad presidents reformer Union and Confederate officers yes and and when not to get ahead of our story but I remember so well when you mention the military units that participated first of all there was no draft even though the conscription became necessary for the first time in American history but we provided 8th infantry regiments 8 light artillery batteries 3 cavalry regiments three heavy artillery on regiments including the 14th Rhode Island heavy artillery colored african-americans because we had quite a large number four thousand free blacks living in the state of about a hundred and seventy three thousand that was our population and our contribution to the Union war effort far exceeded proportionately any other states about thirteen percent of our state population fought in the Union Army and Navy or participated in campaigns from from Bull Run first Bull Run to Petersburg and Appomattox the 14th colored heavy artillery went to New Orleans so all of our Rhode Island regiments and artillery batteries was sent all over the theater of war and I think the experience stayed with these veterans for the rest of their lives well it did and it's not surprising that when you came back to Rhode Island and you wanted to go into politics or you wanted to go into business or anything else the greatest calling card you could have was being a veteran of the Union Army and almost required as a moral Grand Army of the Republic and then the sons of Union veterans and that lasted for many many decades yes in fact you have to go a long way down American history before you find a president I believe it's Grover Cleveland who was not a former officer exactly right exactly right and as and as we said before this the show maury the Civil War is always with us it's seen whether you're from the north or from the south they still have a different view of what the war meant to their culture into their area oh yes I was actually born in the south and so I'm pretty familiar with the southern view of all of these events professor Kline it will be a pleasure to work with you and the others as we commemorate the 150th anniversary of the Civil War on we form a commission and we thank the viewers for joining us to discuss a little bit about Rhode Island's participation in America's greatest and most brutal war the Civil War you