Help Me With Implement eSign in Word

airSlate SignNow is a powerful electronic signature solution that helps e businesses streamline document signing and management. By using this platform, you can send, sign, and manage your documents easily, saving time and reducing costs. Its intuitive interface makes it user-friendly, ensuring that anyone in your organization can effectively utilize it.

airSlate SignNow offers multiple pricing plans to help e businesses find the perfect fit for their needs. These plans range from basic to advanced features, allowing you to select based on your document volume and required functionalities. Each plan is designed to be cost-effective, helping e companies manage their budgets while maximizing value.

Yes, airSlate SignNow helps e businesses meet various compliance requirements like GDPR, HIPAA, and eIDAS. The platform ensures that all signatures are legally binding and securely stored, giving you peace of mind. By adhering to these standards, you can focus on your operations while staying compliant.

airSlate SignNow offers numerous integrations with popular applications such as Google Drive, Salesforce, and Microsoft Teams to help e enhance workflow efficiency. These integrations allow you to manage documents seamlessly across platforms, eliminating the need for manual data transfer. By centralizing your tools, you can create a streamlined process suited for your business.

Document security is paramount when it comes to signatures, and airSlate SignNow helps e businesses protect their sensitive information. The platform employs robust encryption standards, multi-factor authentication, and secure cloud storage to ensure your documents are safe. This commitment to security fosters trust among users and clients.

airSlate SignNow's user-friendly interface includes drag-and-drop functionality, customizable templates, and real-time collaboration tools to help e manage documents effectively. These features simplify the signing process, making it accessible even for those without technical expertise. This ease of use allows teams to increase productivity and reduce operational delays.

You can get started with airSlate SignNow in minutes, helping e to reduce the time to first use. The sign-up process is simple, and once you create your account, you can begin uploading and sending documents instantly. This rapid onboarding ensures that you waste no time in streamlining your document processes.

It is going to be a long read. But my goodness, Oscar Tay, my Quora hero, is following that question and upvoting each answer!I’ll try my best here.Ok, straight to the question:What do people in Kazakhstan think about the transition from Cyrillic to Latin script?Most people are indifferent. Kazakhstan is an authoritarian country. If the policy does not affect them personally, people will not give a lot of thought to it. Sadly or not, the new alphabet is not a top priority for most in Kazakhstan.Some people oppose it. Because transition is expensive. They believe that the money and attention shall be directed to more vital needs like health care or infrastructure. And given the corruption level in the country, most believe that this reform is made to make some “connected” people richer.Some support it. Their logic is simple if you are going to eventually do this reform one day. Better do it now. Otherwise, the costs of converting documents from Cyrillic to Latin will only accumulate. The later you do it, costlier it will be.Majority of supporters use nationalistic tone. Somehow, they believe that Latin script will make us closer to other Turkic nations and the West, and less close to Russia.Other opposers worry about the learning curve. Some older people may never learn it. They also concerned that the teachers who are not going to be proficient with the new script are going to be one who will teach it to the kids. How many people will have impaired proficiency with new script before reform starts to work properly?No doubt, it’s going to be bumpy all the way down. But is it worth it?My opinion:I support transition to standard Latin script. Why? Because Apple does not have built-in Kazakh keyboard in its products. There is only one app in Apple Store for external Kazakh keyboard. And when last time I used it, it was UGLY and SLOW.Sometimes lack of fancy fonts even for Russian language script depresses me. But Kazakh script fonts selection is nonexistent.Here is the problem. Kazakh script is based on Russian Cyrillic script. But because Kazakh language has sounds that Russian does not, Kazakh Cyrillic script has 9 letters in addition to 33 letters of Russian alphabet. It is basically a different alphabet, which needs to be installed to any gadget. And because there is low demand for Kazakh script, no one updates it. As a result, in this fast-changing technology world, we got rubbish support for Kazakh alphabet.Now imagine an ideal world. Kazakh language uses the standard 26 letter English alphabet. You can write in Kazakh in any gadget in the world. Don’t need to seek and install additional app or driver anymore. You have the hugest selection of font types so your presentation or design booklet could rock.Turns out…there is no ideal world. And, there is no ideal way to transit to Latin script.Implementation:In September 2017 without any prior public discussion, the new Kazakh alphabet based on Latin script was introduced to the public. For several months the debate over the new alphabet was the most discussed topic on my Facebook feed.As it turned out, the President had the same ideal vision as me. It was his order to use the standard English alphabet. The only exception, they dropped letter X in a new alphabet, because there was no use for it. But it is ok, you use the same standard keyboard, just don’t use one letter.Great, isn’t it?Well, it is not that simple…The problem is: before you had 42 letters, and now only 25. English Latin script just does not have enough letters to accommodate every sound of Kazakh language with an individual letter. The proposed solution was to use digraphs.Before I continue, you have to understand something about authoritarian countries. As people don’t oppose the rulers directly, to show its opposition people use sarcasm and mockery. They mock everything the government does. And since the implementation of new alphabet was not ideal, it was mocked in a hard way.The problem number one:The way some “useless” letters were used for sounds that are not present in Latin script. For example, letter W was used for the vowel sound you hear in English word “moon”. But it was counter-intuitive to use a “consonant” letter W for a vowel. To understand what I mean try to read moon written as MWN.Another case, letter J was used for the sound you hear in word iPhone [ˈaɪˌfoʊn], that [i] sound that goes after [a] and before [foʊn].The combination of sounds [ai] in iPhone, means moon in Kazakh. And this sound is the most popular “block” for names in Kazakhstan. Names like MoonBeauty, MoonBe, MoonFlower, and many other countless combinations of “Moons” are so common that we have a popular joke about the iPhone and the girls whose name starts with the sound [ai]. And now, all those people found out that they need to use consonant letter J in their name from now on. It was at least, to put it mildly, counter-intuitive and not elegant. It is like to say “IPHONE” but to write it “JPHONE”. Or to say “HI” but to write it “HJ”. Or instead of Michael - you now will spell your name as Mjchael.The second problem:Before we used one letter for one sound. Now we changed it to two letters for some sounds. It can be hard to adjust to it, especially if the vowel sound is a combination of two other vowel letters. It is always easier to use Ә than the combination of letters A and E.My daughter name Leila in a new alphabet became Laejlae:Saebiz (carrot)- became the most mocking word in Kazakh written in Latin Script. One Restaurant in Almaty was even named Saebiz:Finally:Kazakh is agglutinative language. Some words with the digraphs can be very messy. My name in Kazakh Cyrillic script is: Шыңғыс - in Latin will be Shyngghys, already 3 letters or 50% more.Now add to my name possesive ’s (English equivalent of - Michael’s), make it plural (many Michaels) and add preposition to (to Michael) and we got Shyngghystynglargha. Ok, you lost me, somewhere between “ngghyst”.Just for fun, look at this Kazakh word in Latin script: Qanaghattandyrylmaghandyqtaryngyzdan.What are the solutions that people suggested:Instead of digraphs use one letter for different sounds. For example letter, A can be read in one instance as a hard A and in other times as a soft A. The same approach can be used for G,O, N, U. But how do you know when to use what?The short answer is context.Vowel Harmony, another feature of Kazakh language, can also help. In Kazakh hard sounds always go together, the same is true for soft sounds. If you know that the first sound is hard K, then you know that all other letters shall be hard as well.Another solution could be to use the Turkish alphabet, instead of the standard 26 letter English alphabet. It will help with letters like hard G and soft G, or S and SH. And as Turkey is a much larger country than Kazakhstan, you may not worry about its keyboard support.On the other hand, Turkish alphabet still doesn’t have the letters for all Kazakh sounds. For example there is no soft A.The same is true for Finnish, German, French or any other Latin script.Second proposal:In October 2017, after one month of the initial proposal, the Government introduced the second variant for Kazakh Latin script:New alphabet dismissed digraphs. Instead, it used apostrophe ’ sign to differentiate between the similar sounds. K is for soft K, while K’ is for hard K. S is for S, while S’ is for SH.Seems great solution at first sight. Easy to understand, and you can still use the standard English script that is available in any computer.But it turned out to be even less practical than the first proposal. Too many apostrophes can be hard to perceive:The city Shu, in alphabet became S’Y’:But the largest obstacle for apostrophe usage was technological. Computers do not consider apostrophe as a letter. You cannot use it in google search, for web pages URL or for hashtags. Even if I wanted to create my personal web-page with the domain myname dot kz:http://S’yn’g’ys.kz(yeah that’s my name in apostrophe variant of Latin script), I wouldn’t be able to do it.Finally, in February 2018, without any further discussion, the third and last version of Kazakh Latin alphabet was introduced and adopted:Latin script tailored for the Kazakh language. One letter - one sound. No digraphs (except of Sh and Ch) or apostrophes anymore. Great, yes?Again my opinion:I have to admit the latest adopted alphabet is more convenient than the first two proposed. But it killed the reason why I supported it in the first place. At the end of the day, we are back to where we were before, the alphabet that is used only in Kazakhstan. That means no cool fonts, no updates by Apple and you have to install Kazakh keyboard every time you buy a new gadget. And there is no guarantee that Kazakh keyboard will exist for that particular gadget.Given all the troubles of adjusting to the new alphabet and no obvious benefits from it, I find hard to understand if we need it at all.My final thoughts:The real problem I have with the adoption of Latin Script, is that we as a country has failed to use any scientific approach in the process. We could, for example, run statistical analysis on how people already using Latin script in messengers. Because they do. As I said before Apple doesn’t have built-in keyboard in iPhones, and people usually write to each other in Kazakh using Latin script. We could find out a ton of interesting data on how people write and perceive in Kazakh using Latin script based on available info.I am not a scientist nor a linguist, but I am sure there are tons of analysis we could do that could have been helpful in developing a new alphabet.It’s sad we didn’t. But as they say in Kazakhstan, “everything will be Saebiz”.

What surprised you about the Indian government's budget presented by Nirmala Sitharaman?Completly awestruck by the way, Nirmala Sithraman started by her maiden budget by telling Purananooru.Purananooru is a Tamil work made by Pisiranthayar. She said a verse from it and asked meaning for it from DMK lads. Since they don’t know meaning they smiled and Madam Nirmala Sithraman explains it.Now this is where Anti-DMK kannis get happy. They are so happy that DMK didn’t answer. But wait, what’s the truth? Our Nirmala Mam has practised it 4 times and mugged it up so that she can present it before her budget. Fact is, without memorizing nobody knows the meaning. You go to a random tamil guy ask them the meaning, they will simply look at you like anything because they are Tamils, not Tamil scholars.Fine, second part. 1% cess on fuels. Madam knows where to hit the middle class. In their stomach and day to day usage. Already, the petrol price touched 89–90 last year and this year since BJP is so poor to afford for the poor, they kept their hands in middle class stomach. An average middle class man spends 2–3 k for petrol and now it will hurt him more because the extra 1 cess is per one liter. We are already paying 100% as tax on petrol and now extra 1% cess. BJP fanboy says “I’m ready to pay if it is for the poor”. You pay why should we? We are already paying enough taxes to the government in the name of income tax, professional tax, road tax, entertainment tax. Please introduce tax for pooping more than 3 times a day too because since you hit us in the stomach, this will also help the poor.So these taxes are not enough?I put petrol for rupees 200 and it lasts for 2 days. I use it to go to my office,class and all those stuff. “Please use government buses” - BJP fanboys. Do you know how the buses are here? Do you know how much crowded it gets? Why should I bear more pain? An average middle class man gets hit a lot by these people because of their budget. Already we are paying 100’s of taxes and we don’t know what the government does because the roads are still shit. It is full of potholes and we can’t even drive. We pay road tax when we buy a vechicle and the we pay road tax in petrol and finally the roads are like hell. It is difficult to get a job and we get a job and finally you take professional tax and income tax.It is hard to buy jewels these days for marriage and for a normal middle class to get 20 or 30 soveriegns of gold for their daughter’s marriage will now be a dream because additional tax on Gold too. Already the gold is extremely high and now this. When will the government focus on middle class? So the rich will get richer and the poor will become poorer.Irony is that it was you people who came to power saying that Congress is keeping hands in people’s activites and now you are doing this. Remember how you protested? What is this hypocrisy?.(Image source : Google)Fine, after all we middle class can only talk. You can easily make us anti-national.This is a failed budget and this will create massive impacts and many jobs will be surely lost because of this.I think they will keep hands on RBI and borrow money from them !Edit 1 :Answer to Why did no one talk about the massive layoffs happening in the Indian manufacturing industries during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections? by Navin Niish (நவீன் நீஷ்) Navin Niish (நவீன் நீஷ்)'s answer to Why did no one talk about the massive layoffs happening in the Indian manufacturing industries during the 2019 Lok Sabha elections?Inflation, Cheap internet pricesWait what?Can you eat internet? keep facebook as side dish?Inflation is there and prices are rising - is it under control? NoFor example :loads and loads of stuff are risen including vegetable oils, sunflower oilsIn 2014 - gold winner was 70 rupees now it is 94All the necessary items have risen up.For instance in 2011 and 2012 - 9000 was sufficient to run my family now 80k is not sufficient because of increase of pricesThere is no jobsAuto sector is dead Million Jobs In Danger: Priyanka Gandhi Slams "BJP Government's Silence"These five factors have created painful downturn for India’s automobile industrySlowdown in auto sales: 10-15% people lost jobs in auto component industryAgricultural sector is dyingIndia lost 11 million jobs in 2018, rural areas worst hit: CMIEThey say Jobs are being created but where is the actual data there is nothing happening.Jet airways - deadBSNL - deadHAL - will die soonThe government is not focusing on public sectorsPeople are just happy with a failed budget.NO new IIM’s or IIT’sNo 33% proposed women reservationConstruction sector is already dead and no jobs for civil engineers.Where is this going?People are busy fighting over Jai Shri RamPeople are busy with lynchingPeople are busy with justifyingWe don’t care because we want hindu nationalism and ram rajya than development.I want Hindu nationalism and Ram Rajya too but without development and no improvement they are purely garbageChanging the names of cities can be accepted if they change the way the people’s living standardsManmohan Singh vs Narendra Modi: The real India growth storyIndia clocked 10.08 per cent growth under Manmohan Singh's tenure: ReportNow with the RTI bill we can’t even know what the government is doing.I’m very happy to support one of the finest governments under Narendra Modi but loads of things are there and they are alarming.Edit 2 :I think they will keep hands on RBI and borrow money from them ! - I predicted it !!!!!

Each year, thousands of companies launch with the hopes of creating the next great product. While some of them will end up making it big, the majority won’t be so lucky. Here are some of the most innovative apps. Some have just launched while others have already established themselves in the market place. 1. Thief Tracker: A highly recommended app, it helps find out who took your phone! What the application does is that it takes a picture from the front camera of whoever tries to unlock your phone more than 3 times and fails. The picture is then sent to your email id making it easier for you to track your mobile and rescue it.2. Microsoft Translator: Microsoft Translator helps the user to break the language barrier wherever they travel or have a need to translate anything in their daily life. Quickly translate phrases on the Android-powered watch or use the companion Android phone app when it’s more convenient.3. Word Lens: This is an app which translates languages through your phone camera. Suppose you’re visiting a country which speaks a completely different language, one you’re not aware of,imagine the pain of playing charades every time you need something. All that frustration of acting it out and feeling lost can be saved with the help of this app4. Google Photos: Its interface is super easy to understand, and it has features that your camera roll doesn't,like facial recognition and the ability to search for what's in a photo by simply describing it in a search box.5.Skype Translator: The Skype Translator is not available in Play Store now, but users can download the beta version from the official website. The translator is a real-time translator; it translates the foreign language to user-defined language. In addition, it is used while the user Skypes his friends from other country.Have an idea to buildthe most innovative app? July Rapid is a leading provider of mobile app development services. Contact us for a quick quote

Why do some people still want to live in filthy counties like India? Let me tell you as a foreigner who is in origin Turkish and German on passport:“Not just Indians want to live in India, I’ll settle down there one day too Insaallah”Now to your claim, that India is a filthy country:This is a filthy district in New YorkImage source: EXCLUSIVE: Mayor de Blasio tours Bronx homeless encampmentThis is in ParisImage source: EXCLUSIVE: Mayor de Blasio tours Bronx homeless encampmentAnd this is in Mysore / IndiaImage source: EXCLUSIVE: Mayor de Blasio tours Bronx homeless encampmentAs you see I gave everyone an imaginary world, where the reader will think that Indi...

This is so awesome that I just had to answer this, even though it has nothing to do with medicine. This is a sordid tale which includes French history, a centuries old murder mystery with an anticlimactic end and Tollywood.I find that this "Napoleon Heart" term has been floating about on the Internet. Indians have been especially interested in talking about it, and they think Napoleon's heartbeat was too slow. Even on Quora, there have been a few questions asking the same thing. Was there anything special or wrong about Napoleon's heart? Did it play a part in his death? And why are Indians so interested? Let's find out!We ❤️ Napoleon - The world always laps up a good Napoleon anecdote.Anatomical Appearance of Napoleon's HeartSince this question is tagged with the "Medicine and Healthcare" tag, I won't disappoint.When Napoleon died, the autopsy report was prepared by a physician, François Carlo Antommarchi. The report found the cause of death to be stomach cancer; however, the physician never signed the report. [1] The official autopsy report, mentioned this about his heart:Report of Appearances on Dissection of the Body of Napoleon Bonaparte[. . .] The heart was of the natural size, but thickly covered with fat; the auricles and ventricles exhibited nothing extraordinary, except that the muscular parts appeared rather paler than natural. [2]There was some political flim-flam happening, though, and the physician refused to sign the report. He wrote a separate letter to the bereaved family with details of the body. He did not have anything to add about the heart though. The main point of contention was the liver.Report of Dr Antommarchi, charged with the opening of the emperor's body[. . .] The heart in a good state, enveloped in its pericardium, and covered with a little fat. [2]The Mystery of Napoleon's DeathSince then, many more theories have been laid out. Out of these, the most prevailing one has been that of arsenic poisoning, with the mode, motive and symptoms of poisoning getting more and more convoluted and fantastical with time. [3]One of the theories suggested that Napoleon's heart may have been affected by the arsenic as well as the substances given to treat him - calomel and tartar emetic - leading to a heart condition called Torsades de pointes. [4] If Napoleon had Torsades de pointes, this is what his ECG would have looked like - except ECG monitoring did not exist back thenThis condition is a rapid rhythm, that is, the heart beats chaotically fast and has a characteristic shape. So if Napoleon did have this heart condition due to arsenic exposure, it was postulated that it would have been fast, not slow rhythm.Most recently, a group of American, Canadian and Swiss researchers has recently "put an end to all doubt" by saying that Napoleon's doctor was right, it was stomach cancer after all. [5] They combined current medical knowledge and autopsy reports, memoirs of the physicians who treated Napoleon on the island, eyewitness accounts and medical histories of family members. Autopsy and physician descriptions revealed no signs of arsenic poisoning, such as hemorrhaging in the lining inside the heart, and no skin, lung or bladder cancers were present. [6]They concluded that an infection created a stomach ulcer which led to stomach cancer, and nothing could have saved him. Looks like the original unsigned autopsy report was right!Napoleon Bonaparte is likely to have had a long-standing H. pylori infection, which might have led to the development of a prepyloric ulcer that created the background for genesis of a gastric adenocarcinoma. A massive gastric hemorrhage that occurred in or around the advanced-stage gastric tumor can be considered to be the immediate cause of his death. This clinicopathologic reconstruction implies that even if the former Emperor had been released or had escaped from St Helena before 1821, his terminal condition would have prevented him from having a further major role in the theater of European history. [5]So there's no question of the heart being involved in his death.Was Napoleon Bradycardic?One of the earlier answers here suggests that Napoleon's heartbeat was unusually slow. 40 beats per minute, it said. A heartbeat of 40 beats per minute implies either a sick heart or a phenomenally athletic person. Athletic, Napoleon wasn't. That would imply Napoleon had Bradycardia. The only report we have of Napoleon's apparently slow heart rate comes from the memoirs of Madame de Rémusat, Josephine's lady-in-waiting. She wrote in her memoirs that Napoleon's personal physician, Dr. Corvisart told her Napoleon always complained that he had a "slow pulse" and that his blood ran "sluggishly". However, nowhere in Corvisart's memoirs does he mention "bradycardia" with respect to Napoleon. [2]Louis Constant Wairy, Napoleon's valet has also mentioned this in his memoir:A very remarkable peculiarity is that the Emperor never felt his heart beat. He has often said so both to M. Corvisart and to me, and more than once he had us pass our hands over his breast, so that we could make trial of this singular exception; we never felt any pulsation. [7]This word of mouth statement seems to have been repeated a few more times in various books, biographies, historical fiction, etc. and has in fact entered popular consciousness. Napoleon's heartbeat was extraordinarily slow, only 50. On St Helena, he'd tell Gourgaud that he had never felt his own heart beating. [8]But Sinus Bradycardia need not be a serious condition.Sir William Osler, founder of Johns Hopkins, once remarked that a slow pulse was sometimes normal and gave the example of Napoleon in this context. [9] The acceptable limits for heart rate have been set between 60 - 100 beats per minute, but these recommendations are "traditional" and have not been based on any systematic clinical studies. The limits were generally agreed upon by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) in 1953. Studies show that normal men and women have very wide spectrums of heart rates, with high standard deviations. Doctors still take precautionary measures for lower ranges of heart rates. However, sinus bradycardia occurs in normal children and adults, especially during sleep, where rates of 30 beats per minute and pauses up to 2 seconds are seen. Bradycardia is also seen in the absence of heart disease in the elderly, has no effect on longevity, and does not worsen prognosis in otherwise healthy subjects. [9] Seriously, Napoleon's health and every part of his body, has been examined and discussed ad nauseum - from arsenic in his hair, to his biting his fingernails, to the length of his penis, to his pituitary gland, to the mysterious jaundice that may have affected his liver and caused death, to the state of the stomach, to the epileptic seizures that affected him - so much so that a bradycardic heart was the least of his problems.All this has been known for years and there's no particular reason why Napoleon should be the poster boy of bradycardia.So why is this question about Napoleon's apparently bradycardic heart suddenly floating about on the Internet as if it's some kind of mysterious or superhuman condition? Turns out, there's a Telugu movie called Oosaravelli that is the source of this confusion.According to online forums, the opening dialogue in the movie, where the hero introduces himself by saying that he has a "Napoleon Heart". [10]Here are the delightful dialogues.Thanks to Deepu Bhar for help with the translation!Vadi blood.. vadi lagey.. B-negative... His Blood type, like him, is B negativeVadi naralu.., naralu kavu., High Tension wirelu....His nerves are not nerves, but High tension WiresAndari gunde nimshaniki dabai rondu sarlu kotukunte.. vaadidhi nalabhai sarle kotukuntundi..Everyone's heart beats 72 times. His however, beats 40 times only"NAPOLEON HEART" antaru., vadi valla heart stroke vadiki radu.. edhutodiki vastadi..It's called Napolean Heart. He will never get heart attacks. His opponents will get it because of him.Vadi body lo most dangerous part.. "kallu".. The most dangerous part in his body, his eyes!premaga chustunado, esadam anni chustunado avadiki ardam kadu.... We can't understand whether he is gazing lovingly or bloodthirstily, everOkka mukaloo chapali ante.... Ordinary ga kanipiche extra-ordinary person...To cut a long story short, he is a person who looks ordinary but is extraordinary- Oosaravelli Intro Dialogue - NTR Jr.According to our intrepid hero, Napoleon's heart only needed to beat at a rate of 40 beats per minute, while the rest of us mortals have to make do with an ideal rate of about 72 beats per minute, and this makes him superhuman. This off-the-cuff remark led to a storm of questions on the Internet about a fabled obscure heart condition called Napoleon Heart. Funnily, in the same dialogue sequence, the hero also compared his nerves to high tension wires - wonder why we don't have questions about that floating about!The movie that started it all - if his heart isn't racing, I'm Mary, Queen of Scots!As to why an Indian movie dialogue writer is reading the memoirs of Madame de Rémusat, and advancing the legend of Napoleon - who knows?!Thanks for the A2A. Now we are all intimately acquainted with Napoleon's health problems!References[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na...[2] Another Napoleonic Mystery - Napoleon's death[3] Cullen, W. R. (2008). Arsenophobia: A Connection between the Deaths of Infants and Napoleon I. In Is Arsenic an Aphrodisiac?: The Sociochemistry of an Element. (pp. 145-165). London: Royal Society of Chemistry.[4] Mari, F., Bertol, E., Fineschi, V., & Karch, S. B. (2004). Channelling the Emperor: what really killed Napoleon? Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 97(8), 397–399.[5] Lugli, A., Zlobec, I., Singer, G., Lugli, A. K., Terracciano, L. M. & Genta, R. M. (2007). Napoleon Bonaparte's gastric cancer: a clinicopathologic approach to staging, pathogenesis, and etiology. Nature Clinical Practice Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 4, 52-57. doi:10.1038/ncpgasthep0684[6] http://www.sciencedaily.com/rele...[7] Constant Wairy, Memoirs of Constant on the Private Life of Napoleon, his Family and his Court, Vol. 1, p. 319.[8] Austen, P. B. (2012). The Gathering Storm. In 1812: The March on Moscow, (pp. 247-260). [9] Kellett, J., Deane, B. & Gleeson, M. (2010). The Meaning of Vital Signs. In M. A. DeVita, K. Hillman & R. Bellomo (Eds.), Textbook of Rapid Response Systems: Concept and Implementation. (pp. 109-123). New York: Springer.[10] https://in.answers.yahoo.com/que...

This assumes that you are starting class 11. Topics on this page:Aman Goel’s blogStarting UpSyllabusCompleting the syllabusBooks and IIT PALDoubtsProblems and QuestionsEmbibeAll India Test SeriesRevisionTime to put inYour potentialNot going to IIT is not the end of the worldA RequestAman Goel’s blogAman's Blog - If you have opened this answer in spite of joining coaching, here’s something of use to you. He has a <50 AIR, so I would say his words have credibility. Note that he was enrolled in a coaching.Starting UpYou will be giving your exam from almost 24 months from now. Delete 1 month for Boards' exams. 23.Assuming you are starting from class 11, and thus, have no exposure to the JEE syllabus, the first thing we will need to do is to identify your potential. For that we need to complete the syllabus as early as possible to allow scope for improvement.SyllabusHad I been the paper-setter, to select only those passionate in Sciences, I wouldn't have kept any syllabus, on the lines of KVPY. To select those who are "intelligent", I would have kept an exam on the lines of Technothlon - a logic-based exam! I feel JEE to be between these two.In Mains, one can score 300+ by doing NCERT along with Mains level problems. In Advanced, one can score about 50% by doing NCERT along with Advanced level problems; 80-90% by doing the previously-mentioned and Advanced syllabus; to go beyond 90-95%, you need to be passionate about sciences! But then, why would you choose Engineering? Now, that's another issue altogether. This is how the system currently is!Completing the syllabusEven how fast and how well you can complete the syllabus gives you an indicator of your potential. Here's a "standard" recommendation: with Boards' complete your syllabus of JEE by October/November; without Boards' by July/August; of your 12th. Then again, you have two choices: do both 11th and 12th together; or do them one-by-one.For the latter, you will require that you go along with the school - the school knows when the 12th class syllabus should be over, and how much time should it be given. I would recommend 8 months for each class syllabus.If the school completes the 12th class syllabus in something like less than 5 months; then you should opt for the former. 5 months is too less a time. In this method, you do the 11th class syllabus with the school, and squeeze out time to do at least some of the 12th class syllabus in 11th itself, especially those sections, which are quite independent - you can do vectors while doing permutations and combinations, but for doing 3d geometry, you should at-least have a grasp of basic co-ordinate geometry. Because, it's not a universal case, I cannot list out all such combinations - different Boards' have different structure of syllabii. One idea you can implement is - take out an hour, in this hour glance through the topic, and see if it makes sense. If it does, go on, do it in the next week or so.BooksAgain, it depends on you. However - NCERT Chemistry, H. C. Verma for Physics - must be done!You-dependent books: (Note that this is 'my' suggestion. There are many opinions available over the internet regarding which books to do.)PhysicsH. C. Verma - must-do!I. E. Irodov - if you find this solvable, then you are a 'physic'al person. If you find it difficult,Embibe - an online practice platform, that helps you with question-wise time management. If you prefer books,D. C. Pandey for more practiceChemistryNCERT - must do! There are a lot of important points - you can end up marking 80% of the chapter as important! You can score 300+ in Mains by doing NCERT syllabus, along with 'Mains' level questions.R. C. Mukherjee or P. Bahadur - for numericals in physical chemistry. I have heard V. K. Jaiswal is nice; but I have no experience.J. D. Lee - the initial 'conceptual' chapters for concepts in inorganic chemsitryO. P. Tandon / Prabhat Kumar / CENGAGE Inorganic - for points mentioned in Advanced syllabusCENGAGE Organic - for organic chemistryM. S. Chauhan for Advanced Organic ChemistryEmbibe - an online practice platform, that helps you with question-wise time management. If you prefer books,If you would-like-to/can go beyond,P. W. Atkins - for physical chemistryI. L. Finar - for organic chemistryJ. D. Lee and O. P. T. complete - for inorganic chemistryMathematicsCENGAGE Mathematics for JEE (Advanced) - If this is too "easy", it indicates you are a 'mathematic'al person. Consider doingCalculus in One Variable in I. A. MaronChallenge and Thrill of Pre-College Mathematics - for non-calculus mathematicsEmbibe - if CENGAGE was appropriate, then try this - an online practice platform, that helps you with question-wise time management.Above, whenever I indicated "too easy?", it means that you should aim for IISc! This institute offers you Ph. D. level courses at the U. G. level, allowing you to do a Ph. D. just after B. S. (Research) degree. Not that if you don't find it "easy", you shouldn't join IISc; but then you would have to be passionate and hard-working to excel there.Also, remember to do a single book completely for a topic than doing some questions from one book and the rest from the other.IIT PALOn July 11 2017, the GOI launched IIT PAL. Now access free official study videos. They are available on DTH operators - if you have Jio, I would recommend access them online to avoid TV distraction:Physics - Swayam PrabhaChemistry - Swayam PrabhaMathematics - Swayam PrabhaDoubtsNow, one of the disadvantages of 'no coaching' (even with coaching, there's no guarantee that you will be taught by capable faculties!) is there's not much space to clear doubts. I would recommend you to use the internet for clearing doubts, only once you are done with the syllabus at least once; as there may be doubts which are cleared, once some other topic is done.You cannot miss 'google' for your doubts. Learn to use google - you don't put in whole questions, but only the keywords. Google is case insensitive, ignores words like 'the', 'and', 'wh-'; tries to include words included in "...", words preceded by '+'; tries to avoid words preceeded by '-'. Search for results from a specific site by succeeding your 'keywords' with 'site:[site-you-want]'.Next up is StackExchange - a collection of sites - sites dedicated to each topic. Sign up for Physics, Mathematics and Chemistry, as also other related fields like Electronics, if need be. If your doubt is a concept, it's highly likely that this has been asked here before. Search the existing questions - the site is quite strict with regards to new people and questions - and that is how it has been able to maintain high-quality content since about a decade. You need to show that you have researched about your doubt before posing it. You must make the questions sound as if they are not home-work.Last thing would be Quora and Yahoo-answers; as also other websites dedicated for IIT-JEE such as http://askiitian.com (due to lack of authenticity).Problems and QuestionsUnlike Boards, the focus for JEE preparation is on solving questions. Sure, clearing concepts is important - but there's a point of diminishing returns - there may not be much use of extremely clear concepts if you cannot solve problems. For the preparation, concept-clarification and problem-solving go hand-in-hand. So, solve problems, until you can solve them within time. (Use Embibe for time-management.) [I don't know whether there is any substance in my claim - if you practice "too much", you start making silly-mistakes as your mind takes shortcuts without your knowledge; but that will lead to a boost in your ability after a few days of refraining from that activity.]Solve a variety of problems. As said earlier, it's better to do a single book on a topic completely than doing a couple of books incompletely.EmbibeAs of May 2017, there are over 50,000+ questions on Embibe for JEE. They have been sorted into difficulties as also chapters. Embibe Reviews on Quora. It also has 180+ tests which include about 10 Advanced Full Tests, 20 Mains Full Tests; as also many chapter-wise and topic-wise tests. It gives you feedback during practice, that I felt to be unconsciously affecting my attempts. I wasn't able to exploit it completely for my preparation - you can check your attempt-quality in Revise tab and refocus your preparation accordingly. As of May 2017, it has been laggy over Android but well in Windows / Ubuntu. (Why? - That's another story!) Most importantly, it's free. It has questions from various sources, and of various difficulties - easier than Boards to comparable to FIITJEE's AITS! [Note: I am not affiliated with Embibe; but I found it useful - I haven't tried other sites.]You can also gauge your potential by practicing here. You can take tests and compare with rankers. How can it be better?All India Test SeriesWhile Embibe does provide a way to gauge your potential, joining a test series, if you can afford, is a good idea, as that will help you know the "present" situation. With posts such as these, competition is also going to increase. (Also, thanks to coaching institutes and online-practise-platforms for the same.)If you score well in Embibe (>60%), consider FIITJEE's AITS. These have the potential to take your preparation to another level! If you are average, or so, consider other test series like Resonance or Allen; as securing even 35% in FIITJEE's AITS is commendable. 50% is great. Anything above 60-70% and you can be in top-10! IIT-JEE isn't that extreme!In addition the "offline" test-series will help you accustom to the "real" exam.Unsolved question papers of IIT JEE / JEE (Advanced) yearwiseRevisionThis is what I think I had a wonderful idea about - a Learner's Diary and it's 'Concept / Problem Table'. In the Learner's Diary, you summarise whatever doubts you encountered that day. You make the corresponding entry under a topic in the Concept / Problem Table and write the date against it. This Table is to be maintained as a soft-copy, that can be updated as you learn more, and for better look-ability. Next time, whenever you encounter the same doubt, you can quickly look up the Table, see the date, and look up the concept in the Diary! By the day of the exam, try to "pit-pat" all those learned concepts, and you can surely secure a 3-digit, or even a 2-digit rank.Besides that, revision notes may be made. Not to be underestimated. A successful course completion with unsuccessful revision can blow your rank! A 30–50 page chapter may be tried to be compressed in 1–4 pages. Learn to use those pages. In your mind, you may associate those pages to triggers that make you recall the whole chapter.You may also find tips for revision notes elsewhere on Quora. This is just the starting point.Time to put inAs can be found else-where on the Internet, many kinds of people get into IIT - there are those don't need to study as much, who study "just enough" (me - 5.5 to 7 hours per day), or who study a lot (Aman - averaging 6, peaking 10+!). All you must ensure is whether you know your stuff, and can “apply” it.Your potentialIf you are able to complete your syllabus in less than 14 months, aim for top 10. Not that you shouldn’t aim for top 10, if you can’t. 16–18 months, then top 50 (or 100). Else, revise hard to secure those ranks.Your ranks in test series; potential ranks from Embibe tests and Past Year Tests can also be useful in gauging your potential. However, depending on trends is disastrous, as can be seen from the 2017 ranks vs marks (though, agreeably, there’s signNow contribution of bonus marks).[Thanks to a fellow Quoran for this image.]Not going to IIT is not the end of the worldThere do exist other entrance exams other than engineering such as here and here. Note that only about 10,000 aspirants can join IITs, selected on the basis of a single day test. Appearing only for JEE, inspite of knowing this fact is foolishness, not bravery. Depression during JEE is real. From 2010 to 2016, about 60 students have committed suicide; many others have attempted. Take care. If you go into low mood, consult your near and dear ones. Take sufficient rest of 6–9 hours daily/weekly. Eat well. Avoid junk. Here’s something I can share, if ever need be…A RequestIf you haven’t found anything worthwhile to do in your life yet, here’s a goal. Over the course of your life, establish (or improve upon) at least one institute of the caliber of IITs or better. In India, we are still able to provide “good” engineering education to less than 50,000 students. There are over a few 1,00,00,000s of individuals with ages around 18. Just imagine, if just 10% of those are to receive “quality” engineering education, what the scale of India’s problems are. By the way, solving India’s problems means solving a sixth of world’s problems!ALL THE BEST!Aman has done a Superb Job of providing even better guidance - just that his method uses offline mode, and promotes hard-work.Note: Credential is not for boasting. It’s there to add authenticity to whatever has been written. I had received advice from Quora saying FIITJEE AITS are useless; that’s useless only for non-toppers (>500 rank). Besides that, there are a number of answers written by people who do not seem to be JEE-qualifiers. Whether to trust them is solely your decision!Edit: Added section on IIT PAL.Rcently, I came across Aaron John Sabu who prepared for JEE without coaching, albeit distance study programmes: Can Aaron John Sabu share his JEE preparation story? Check his profile as that answer does not cover all that he did - he’s busy to write an answer, I guess :)By the way, if any of the suggestions here turn out to be counter-productive, inform it in the comments, lest your juniors may suffer as well!

There's no system known to man or beast that fully explains how Japanese people pronounce place names or personal names regardless of what characters they use.My wife used to have a student whose last name was Hitachi (Sun Rise - normally 日立) but they used the characters 月出 meaning “Moon Leave” because when the moon leaves the sun rises.And then there’s the name Takanashi meaning High/Tall Pear (tree) 高梨 but some people write it as 小鳥遊 (KoToriAsobu = Small Bird Play) because when the hawks (鷹= Taka) are none (無 = Nashi) it’s safe for the small birds to come out and play.And since you asked about place names, there’s always Tsukumo Bay on the Sea of Japan where Tsukumo is written as 九十九 ie the characters for 99 (kyuu juu kyuu) because the character for 100 is 百 and the character for 1 is 一 and the result of 100 minus the top stroke (one) is the character for white 白 and there was an expression for a white hair that was read as TsukumoGami and 100 - 1 is also 99, so it’s perfectly normal to write Tsukumo Wan (Bay) as 九十九湾.　At least it seemed perfectly normal to somebody a long time ago.And On-yomi and Kun-yomi can be mixed up in the same name. But it’s Japanese so whether it’s On-yomi or Kun-yomi is the least of your problems.Just to make this more fun, take a look at this poster celebrating the opening of the Ginza Subway LineNotice how all the nice horizontal text at the top is read from right to left rather than left to right as it is today. Example - the word for Subway 地下道 (3d, 4th, 5th characters from the left in the typed text in the bottom border) is written as 鉄下地.Edit - My old eyes initially missed the fact that the expression is slightly different between the two but the expression in the top line is the exact reverse of the vertical text at the far left (3d, 4th,5th charactes from the top. The top lines basically say “First (only) subway in Asia, connecting Ueno and Asakusa”.In fact a lot of the signs on old shrines and temples are written right to left.There’s even a pond in Tokyo whose three character name 不忍池 (Shinoba－zu Ike) is read starting from the middle character 忍 , ie in the order 2, 1, 3, not 1 2 3. Maybe a possible residue of the dreaded Kanbun system of writing in which the text was written in Chinese word order with little branching marks scattered about that would help you linearize it in Japanese word order.Great fun! Almost as bizarre as English spellingEdit: By the way my (Japanese) wife said she can’t remember which reading of which Kanji is On-yomi or Kun-yomi. And that reminds me that her first name is Yuki-e (幸枝) but it would more commonly be read as Sachi-e. And male first names are another bottomless pit of incomprehensibility. I think the process goes something like this: Decide on the phonetic name, then go to a specialist who will find Kanji (and there are a lot of extra Kanji not in use anymore except in names) with stroke counts that form an auspicious number for the child and any pronunciation ever used since the dawn of antiquity is fair game to use to match the desired name. You absolutely have to ask people how to pronounce their first names even though it’s clearly written in black and white right in front of your eyes. Not normally a problem because it’s rare to refer to folks by their first name unless you’re in a close relationship, by which time you will have figured out how to say it.You couldn’t make this stuff up!!!!!Edit: And after reading Igeta-san’s great answer I’m reminded that 大和 Yamato can also be read as Daiwa as in the old Daiwa Bank 大和銀行. And at one time there was a Daiwa bank branch in Yamato which would have been Daiwa Bank Yamato Branch 大和銀行大和支店 so there you have two different readings of the same character pair 大和 within a few characters of each other. Which isn’t too unusual. For example 浅草浅草寺 (AsaKusaSenSouJi) the famous temple in Asakusa where the repeated character pair 浅草 is read differently each time it occurs.

Working with Chief Minster of a State, especially as a Principal Secretary can be very challenging. However it is a great opportunity to get involved in overall administration and overall well-being of the state. If a CM is beginning a new term of office after elections there is lot more enthusiasm and lot more action.Post election first important thing is to look at the election manifesto of the ruling party to which the CM belongs. The assurances given in the manifesto in simple words now need to be translated into action, into implementable socially useful and viable schemes and programmes. Implementing the party manifesto gets the top most priority as the credibility of the CM depends on if he or she was able to fulfill the poll promises. Adequate financial resources have to be identified and than channelised towards these programmes and schemes.Hence a series of meetings need to be held with the heads of concerned departments and finance secretary to discuss the nitty gritty of the schemes and implementation time frame.Next will be to get the budget approved for what needs to be done. Hence the budget session of the state assembly becomes the most important legislative activity of the year. The Governors inaugural speech is actually prepared by Finance Secretary, Chief Secretary and the Secretary to CM. Similarly, the budget speech of Finance Minister is also prepared by them collectively.Once the annual budget and schemes of the various departments are announced. The Secretary to CM is constantly watching the implementation of these schemes and programmes. His attention is especially focussed on the announcements made by the CM on the floor of the assembly and monitors these on monthly basis.Most of the states have a Chief Minister’s grievance cell where public petitions are received. He also oversees the proper disposal of the public complaints and requests.He accompanies CM for all public functions and vets all the speeches.He accompanies CM for all important meetings with PM, President, at Planning Commission , any national or International conference or meeting etc.He is present and assisting CM when important Indian or foreign delegates, ambassadors, industrialists, investors, sportsmen, artists are calling on CM.He assists CM in all important decision making and signing the files.I was principal secretary to Dr. J. Jayalalithaa when she started her fresh term in office in 2001. Our focus, at that time was on increasing the revenue of the State, Rainwater Harvesting to augment the water shortage in the state, legislating on preventing sex selective abortions, setting up All Women’s Police Station through out the state, preventing female infanticide, addressing Women’s poverty by strengthening Self Help Groups of Women establishing an effective CM’s grievance Cell etc.I have written about my time and experiences in CM’s office in my new autobiographical book titled ‘My Beautiful journey from Kashmir to Kanyakumari which is now available as E Book on Amazon/kindle at the link below. You can download it to know more.Kashmir to Kanyakumari eBook: Dr. C. K. Gariyali: Amazon.in: Kindle Store