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we would now like to move on uh to our second keynote uh speaker for today it's a great pleasure for me that we have been able to win uh zoe shell from the pipeline research council international prci for this presentation zoe got a bachelor of science in construction engineering from the california state polytechnic university prior to joining prci zoe spent 12 years at northern natural gas with the last eight of those as director of field operations for natural gas storage since 2018 zoe is project manager at psci where she acts as staff liaison to oversee the planning and arrangement of the integrity and inspection and underground storage technical committees project areas and project teams zoe will talk about prci's pursuit of solutions the difficult to inspect pipeline zoe please the floor is yours thank you kindly what a mouthful uh i'd like to thank you very much for the opportunity to present today and introduce prci to you since our audience is a fantastic number this may be prci may be new to some of you we were established in 1952 as the pipeline research committee of the american gas association and became an independent not-for-profit corporation in 2000 prci's initial charter was to confront the problem of long-running brittle fracture in natural gas transmission pipelines prci's solution of that problem in two years demonstrated the impact and benefits of industry collaboration and the leveraging effect of voluntary funding although initially an organization focused solely on pipelines in north america prci began to broaden its membership and technical perspectives beginning in 1980 with the membership of the dutch pipeline operator the gas uni today prci is truly an international organization with many members outside of north america with the commitment and technical expertise of its members prci continues to develop dynamic research programs devoted to identifying prioritizing and implementing the industry's core research objectives as a result prci has become a critical resource for all energy pipelines regardless of where they operate how they operate or the purpose of their operation collaboration achieved through prci member funding and their additional contribution of resources and expertise results in the development of pipeline industry research and technology advances that benefit member organizations and therefore all energy users are many examples of collaborative technology developments achieved by prci and its members for the global pipeline industry providing the intelligence and expertise needed by the industry to continue reducing risks both from and to pipelines some of the nodal recent accomplishments in the area of difficult to inspect pipelines include the development of techniques to detect assess prevent and remediate corrosion and carrier pipes inside casings a method to predict likelihood of failure for dent and gouge damage the characterization of failure behavior and mechanical properties of a variety of girth well types so our topic the unpickable pipeline i'd heard that the nickname pig was an acronym from the initial letters of the term pipeline inspection gauge i even heard uh pipeline intervention gadget neither of which i believe quite frankly in the field i heard it came from the early days of pipeline cleaning where technicians made straw bales or masses of leather sometimes wrapped in barbed wire or other materials to maneuver and clean the pipelines these homemade tools apparently made an impressive squealing noise while traveling through the pipe sounding many like a squealing pig and that's what gave it their name i would like so i would like to believe personally though that the rumor that uh the roman aqueduct was cleaned with pigskin is how the pig got its name and that's the one i prefer to stick to but on pickable on the other hand these are the ones that have attributes that limit the inspection and like conrad said whether it's due to apparatus design damage cost or even unreliable data these remain a challenging feature of the global infrastructure prci's collaborative effort spans more than two decades to address these challenging pipelines through member funding joint industry projects and government co-funded research prci has conducted on average about two projects a year on this issue with the perspective of the last 20 years our 4a and 2 difficult to inspect can be categorized thematically from 2000 to 2005 efforts were expended to understand the breadth of the issue where did obstacles occur with what frequency and how are challenging to inspect pipelines being treated the innovation phase starting in 2006 we observed ingenuity in the research seeing enhancing or combining technologies alternative deployment of technology including robots and for the first time in the industry a formal definition of the unpickable pipeline was presented 2011 to 2015 research expanded on the prior advances with functional use in the subsea environment for instance we saw specific applications for metal loss and technology improvements for more flexibility such as those found in various sensor technology or approach to the inspection such as distance from the feature the last five years given the variety of technology and methodology available the research leans into the application helping operators to sift through the data to develop integrity assessments or defendable alternative methods of inspection to satisfy your regulators assessments of the various possibilities of detection for the tools was conducted and reported during the application phase so what you see on the screen now are excerpts from some of our reports focused on methodology for the inspection of challenging pipelines whether inside outside or above the pipeline or accommodation these are the fundamental methods used for the difficult to inspect pipelines through a combination of electricity sound radiography magnetics the inspections aim to provide direct assessment or quantitative analysis to apply to a variety of pipe segments and features whether applicable to onshore or offshore and also in the right of way or within the fence of a facility the difficult to inspect pipeline is an industry-wide and product-wide issue some of the some of the photos that you see on this particular slide take a brief look at some of the technology from prci's research projects or in tandem with other funders in the upper left hand corner you'll see a device alternating current voltage gradient that was from core pros investigating into dynamic stray current really it represents what our technology uh used to look like which i think is a data logger and possibly an am radio on the back that i'm not sure but you may recognize the i did wave with twi here in the lower right or in the lower left large standoff magnetometry which is a newer technology and then of course in the upper picture with the beautiful visitor the sonomatic nautilus ut scanner in the center i wanted to highlight a facility that was built by prci at our technology development center in houston this is a liquid loop and it has specific features for difficult to inspect whether it's back-to-back bends a change in restriction of the pipeline so we do have an opportunity in a playground to test various tools and compare them one component that differentiates research through prci is that the research is not only qualitative but it's also quantitative the data supporting the research is incorporated into the final product and in many cases raw data behind the data is also available some examples of the variety that you'll see in our reports are shown in the upper right hand right hand corner again this is the fimsa co-funded uh project into amr the anisotropic magnetorestriction sensors through radiation monitoring devices in invodane you may also recognize the emat scan here in the center and that's um from quest and then in the lower oh that's the right the lower right hand corner the ut profilometry from quest and this particular uh project yielded commercialized technology from qnli which is a real win for the industry this really is my only super fun slide admittedly taken from one report with a variety of robotics it's just sort of fun to see the progression of robotics in the industry specific for are challenging to inspect so you've got southwest research institute's magpie which stands for the magnetically attached general purpose inspection engine next to the little engine that could this is actually marco's international internal inspection device for sewers which has implications otherwise and that was funded by the german ministry of education research and technology some of the more interesting looking robots are from hirose and yonita robotics we have the sour u1 track snake and then another favorite here the slim slime robot which was also from uh hiroshi and united and lastly just to show the advances in technology these are some of the 90s versions of gavin miller's snake robot oops excuse me you can really see the difference between version 2 uh and version 5 completed in 1999 which is very lifelike and so now we have pigs uh we have snakes and in my research for the presentation i even came across a mouse and so at some point our local nomenclature for these devices may need to take on a more general terminology and less animal so you may ask what's happening now at prci well as i mentioned previously we're looking into large standoff magnetometry and we have two projects currently in progress the first is an expanded evaluation building off of something that we did several years ago taking a look at the vendors that were currently available in the expanded evaluation we'll be comparing finite element analysis through a series of robust parameters and then doing physical tests on controlled specimens and making a comparison it's important to understand the limits and capabilities of the technology and rightly so the lsm vendors aren't necessarily very vocal about their secrets and we're just trying to understand so that we can learn what the applications are and so in tandem we're conducting another experiment that has geohazard applications what you see in these particular images and i apologize if it's a little difficult to see uh you've got a non-ferrous carrier that is built to hold the lsm equipment while it moves over and across a pipeline to which we will apply various stressors we hope to get a better understanding of both elastic and plastic stress through this methodology and to see if this is something that can be developed further for geohazard monitoring we're also taking a look at computed tomography and i guess i should clarify that it's not necessarily in the difficult to inspect toolbox yet but the studies have shown that this technology has promised and two efforts are currently underway at prci to take a look further into this to see what the applications are so in the first program to advance computed tomography for the development of reference standards for pipeline anomaly detection and characteristic characterization it's quite the mouthful is co-funded by our u.s regulator femza in this study both artificial and natural samples receive a series of non-destructive evaluations and then finally the x-ray ct scans the objective is to establish industry calibration and reference standards against which both ili and nde technologies can be evaluated building on the concepts of the program to advance ct for detection and characterization the second project delves into the fundamentals of the technology we're in the process of assessing today's ct technology to identify the knowledge gaps and to develop a framework for evaluating those technologies in the context of inspecting samples we're utilizing full circumferential samples in this particular experiment instead of the standard coupons and plates to understand both again the capacity and limitations of the technology and ultimately we aim to provide a state-of-the-art description of that technology the providers capabilities and applications to the pipelines so as i come to a close i'd like to offer the listing of the difficult to inspect research housed at prci we have two categories of publication both member only and for purchase and while many of our reports are member only there is a percentage that is available for purpose in this list it will give you the title an abstract a cost and of course the authors and authoring firm we also welcome the opportunity for new research and the relevant data access can be granted as part of your participation in the projects either through subject matter expertise samples for use data availability or direct funding contribution which we call in-kind contribution so in closing i guess what i want you to leave with is to know that prci is an available resource to you and a potential partner whether through membership uh contractor in kind sharing of expertise data sharing we're interested in further progressing the solutions for the difficult to inspect pipeline my contact information is on the screen for your use and with that i'd like to thank you very much for your attention and the opportunity to share this information with you i'm happy to take any questions and if i'm not able to answer them today just please make sure your information is in the chat window and i will certainly respond after the conference today thank you kindly yes great thank you very much zoe for this insight into the work of the prci um i've seen that there are already uh quite a lot of questions that we have received so far uh and i'm happy to go on and uh and ask a first question from uh from roy surges uh what is the range of pipe diameters that you have available in your test loop in houston can any aga prci member use it any member can use it actually yes that is true and um off hand i'll have to check the data the data set on our flow loop and i will actually provide to you a spec sheet on the flow loop so as long as your information is in there i'll send that to you directly yes yes we will forward the questions again to you with contact details for the persons asking them and so you can follow up on that directly also um so and another question um from amir ali muhammad how successful is berghausen noise technique and is it applicable for gas or both gas and liquids and areas of application all right so that is uh an older technique older in our uh research and not something that i've actually seen even in the past 10 years i just thought that that was an interesting start to the sound component of the inspection process so i don't know that any work is actually being done on that particularly right now okay um so another question from william brown what is the status of the psqr possible profiles for corrosion that was another project uh through prci and you know i'd like to mention that we have free webinars and um that that webinar is definitely available on our website that has been published uh we have been socializing p-square internationally certainly and and that is available for purchase and it's available through webinars yeah okay so um there is uh one more question from uh sahin kohlhe uh what is the best inspection technology for hdpe pipelines if you can give an easy answer on that uh you know in in in oil and gas transmission we don't have a lot of hdpe or really none in my particular history uh and so i can't answer that but what i will say is i will look into it and at least get back to you primarily that is not where our research lies yeah okay uh and i have one more question here right now from uh gonzalo cabrera do you foresee robots replacing ili tools ooh replacing uh no not really uh i i'm not the end-all be-all and and there are a lot of uh expertise on the call um that could speak to that but i think that ili will continue to be the primary inspection method um where i see us going in the future uh is probably data driven really you know artificial intelligence that's sort of the sexy topic right now i've seen some firms taking a look at automating information regarding defects that could be applied to other sections of the pipeline so i really think that's where the future is i think robotics certainly has a component and that it is a deployment method but personally i don't see it as a as a substitute yeah okay so um one final question uh probably uh you've said that before yeah i'm sorry maybe one final after the final one again uh but uh this one now it's from uh hola [Music] your research is not covering africa sub-west africa region how do we benefit from your fantastic contribution you're making in the industry well you know truthfully it's you would benefit best from participation quite frankly uh and whether that means that we have an arrangement where we can understand what your challenges are to incorporate them into our broader international perspective or if you have samples that may have an impact on the research that we're doing now that we could make that research directly relatable to you i think is really the best way to do it but you're right we we have not ventured into that space yet but we would certainly like to so okay so uh that was really the final question now so thank you very much there are still many more questions and uh we will be happy to forward them to you so you can do the follow up on that directly so