A InCast of Thousands Scaling Datacenter TCP to Form

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We'll now talk about TCP congestion control in the context of modern datacenters. And we'll talk about a particular TCP throughput collapse problem called the TCP incast problem. A typical data center consists of a set of server racks. Each holding a large number of servers, the switches that connect those racks of servers, and the connecting links that connect those switches to other parts of the topology. So the network architecture is typically made up of some sort of tree. And, switching elements that progressively are more specialized and expensive as we move up the network hierarchy. Some of the characteristics of a data center network include a high fan in, there is a very high amount of fan in between the leaves of the tree and the top of the root. Workloads are high bandwidth and low latency, and many clients issue requests in parallel, each with a relatively small amount of data per request. The other constraint that we face, is that the buffers in these switches can be quite