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NEES@UTexas Safety Plan March, 2011 Prepared by: NEES@UTexas Management Team University of Texas at Austin Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering 301 East Dean Keeton, ECJ 9.227 Austin, TX 78712 Table of Contents 1. ADMINISTRATIVE........................................................................................................4 1.1 MANAGEMENT STATEMENT OF SAFETY POLICY..............................................4 1.2 TERMINOLOGY ..........................................................................................................5 1.3 ACCIDENT RECORDKEEPING..................................................................................5 1.4 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS ......................................................6 1.5 EMERGENCY PLAN ....................................................................................................6 1.6 EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION ...................................................................................8 1.7 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS ...........................................................................................9 1.8 OSHA ACTION PLAN ...............................................................................................10 1.9 REMEDIAL ACTION .................................................................................................11 1.10 SAFETY RULES AND ENFORCEMENT ................................................................12 1.11 SAFETY SELF-AUDITS............................................................................................12 1.12 SAFETY SELF-INSPECTIONS.................................................................................12 1.13 SAFETY STAFFING..................................................................................................14 2. FIELD AND WORK SAFETY ......................................................................................15 2.1 GENERAL VEHICLE SAFETY ..................................................................................15 2.2 GENERAL FIELD AND WORK SAFETY .................................................................15 2.2.1 SAFETY PREPARATION BEFORE FIELD TESTS................................................15 2.2.2 RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FIELD .........................................................................15 2.2.3 GENERAL FIELD HAZARDS STATEMENT.........................................................16 2.2.4 MEDICAL INSURANCE .........................................................................................16 2.3 SPECIAL HAZARDS OF NEES@UTexas EQUIPMENT..........................................17 2.3.1 Safety Rules for working around T-Rex .................................................................17 2.3.2 Safety Rules for working around Liquidator..........................................................19 2.3.3 Safety Rules for working around Thumper............................................................20 2.3.4 Safety Rules for T-Rex and Liquidator Demonstrations........................................21 3. SPECIFIC SAFETY POLICIES .....................................................................................22 3.1 BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS .................................................................................23 3.2 FIRE and LIFE SAFETY .............................................................................................24 3.2.1 Building Fire Safety Procedures..............................................................................24 3.2.2 Field Fire Safety Procedures....................................................................................24 3.3 LOCKOUT/TAGOUT .................................................................................................25 3.3.1 ACCESS CONTROL.................................................................................................25 3.3.2 GENERAL LOCKOUT/TAGOUT ...........................................................................25 3.3.3 SPECIFIC LOCKOUT PROCEDURE FOR T-REX AND LIQUIDATOR.............26 3.3.4 SPECIFIC LOCKOUT PROCEDURE FOR THUMPER ........................................28 3.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT................................................................30 3.5 COMPRESSED GASSES .............................................................................................31 3.6 FLAMMABLES HANDLING AND STORAGE.........................................................32 3.7 LIFTING, MANUAL ...................................................................................................33 3.8 LIFTING, MECHANICAL..........................................................................................33 3.9 MACHINE GUARDING.............................................................................................34 3.10 NOISE EXPOSURE...................................................................................................34 3.11 POWER TOOLS, FIXED ..........................................................................................36 3.12 POWER TOOLS, PORTABLE .................................................................................36 3.13 TEMPERATURE STRESS.........................................................................................37 3.14 WELDING.................................................................................................................38 3.15 ENVIRONMENTAL .................................................................................................39 3.16 LANGUAGE BARRIER ............................................................................................39 1.ADMINISTRATIVE This safety handbook was developed for the training of personnel involved in facility and field work of the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) equipment site at the University of Texas at Austin (NEES@UTexas). 1.1 MANAGEMENT STATEMENT OF SAFETY POLICY As one of 15 equipment sites comprising the George E. Brown Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES), NEES@UTexas offers research capabilities unique among its peers. Our primary research methodology incorporates the use of large-scale mobile seismic sources, or shaker trucks, in the field at research sites across the country. Transportation, operation and maintenance of this industrial equipment in a research setting present numerous challenges. A typical NEES@UTexas project is the culmination of intensive preparation over the course of months or sometimes years. Funding, organization, scheduling and myriad logistical issues can define a strictly limited window of opportunity for successful completion of the project. On-site testing can involve long hours in stressful conditions for personnel and equipment. Inclement weather, mechanical failure and a host of other unforeseeable obstacles require strict standards of perseverance and professional conduct to overcome. Project operations are public and often highly visible; as a publicly-funded research organization, we must present a considered, accessible and professional image to the communities we visit. The many challenging conditions and unique cases presented by NEES@UTexas research must be managed in a safe and effective manner if we are able to fulfill NEES research goals. Any incident involving equipment damage, property damage or personnel injury or loss of life can prevent project completion; affect community goodwill; interfere with our ability to conduct research as an organization; and damage the image and reputations of the researchers, personnel and institutions involved. The fundamental operating principle for an organization capable of fulfilling our difficult mission is an uncompromising commitment to safety. The policies and procedures detailed in this document represent not only applicable federal and local legal requirements for workplace safety, but also the collective experience and understanding of our diligent team of professionals as relating to the maintenance of a safe and effective research environment. Personnel and other participants in NEES@UTexas operations are expected to maintain familiarity with this material, to abide by its specific policies, and to apply our central doctrine of safety to every field of work-related activity, at all times. NEES@UTexas MANAGEMENT TEAM 1.2 TERMINOLOGY SITE: The NEES@UTexas conceptual entity, and the offices and permanent facilities of NEES@UTexas. These include but may not be limited to offices in the Cockrell School of Engineering and Jackson School of Geosciences buildings on the University of Texas at Austin main campus, and the Building 46 storage facility at the University of Texas J.J. Pickle Research Campus (PRC). PERSONNEL: Employees, management, principal investigators, and other parties associated with NEES@UTexas on a permanent basis. GROUP: General combination term for the NEES@UTexas site and personnel. PARTICIPANTS: Anyone participating in a NEES@UTexas field project or preparations therefor, including NEES@UTexas personnel; scientists, students and personnel from participating organizations; University of Texas employees; and any other party. FIELD: NEES@UTexas research sites. These may be situated on the physical University of Texas campus, or at a remote location off University Property. 1.3 ACCIDENT RECORDKEEPING All accidents or injuries are to be reported to the Chief Engineer for immediate response and treatment. The Chief Engineer takes the following recordkeeping actions: 1. Immediately informs the Operations Manager via any available means. 2. Completes and submits an Accident Report Form [Form UTNEES.AR2009] to both the Operations Manager and Group HR Manager via email or fax as soon as possible within 24 hours along with any available related documentation detailing treatment, hospital admission, property damage, etc. Copies of the Accident Report Form are kept on file in Building 46 and in the First Aid kits located in each NEES@UTexas vehicle, as confirmed during pre-project preparation and periodic safety inspections. The Group HR Manager must file an Employer's First Report of Injury (DWC-1 form) through the University of Texas system as detailed at the following link: http://www.utexas.edu/hr/hrpro/wci/report.html Accident documentation should be kept on file for the duration of the NEES site's existence to aid in site safety reviews and the identification of accident trends. 1.4 ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS In the event any incident occurs relating to NEES@UTexas operations involving property or equipment damage; or injury, loss of life, or other medical emergency, the Chief engineer and Chief Scientist will conduct an immediate field review of operating conditions and safety procedures and will effect any necessary changes to prevent recurrence of the incident and limit secondary effects, in consultation with the Operations Manager if possible. Details of the review must be documented in an Accident Causal Analysis Worksheet [Form UTNEES.AA2009] (kept on file in Building 46 and provided in every field project documentation packet) and in written reports. This documentation is to be forwarded to the Operations Manager as soon as possible for review and archiving. Subsequently, the Operations Manager will perform an accident investigation documented in an Accident Investigation Report Form [UTNEES.AI2009] to make a final determination of causal factors pertaining to the accident and corrective action to be taken. The Operations Manager will then conduct a site-wide procedural review for the purpose of updating operating practices and safety policy to reflect knowledge gained in the incident and to limit or eliminate future likelihood of occurrence. The Operations Manager will immediately promulgate these updates to all NEES@UTexas personnel in the form of email bulletins and a revised safety manual, and undertake safety retraining sessions for each NEES@UTexas participant at the earliest available opportunity. The Operations Manager conducts a review of documented accident incidents at the end of each fiscal year to identify historical accident trends and modify safety procedures and personnel training as appropriate. Documentation from the investigation, review and update procedures is retained on file by the Operations Manager for the duration of the NEES site's existence. 1.5 EMERGENCY PLAN The University of Texas Office of Campus Safety and Security has developed extensive emergency planning for a variety of scenarios, available at http://www.utexas.edu/safety/plans/. These plans address the following topics: • Emergency Management Plan: a step-by-step guide explaining the university’s official course of action in the event of fires, evacuation, terrorism, threats of violence, transportation accidents, and others. The plan contains information about the different levels of emergencies and outlines the corresponding roles of different university departments. • Infectious Disease Plan: a step-by-step guide explaining the university’s official course of action in the event of a pandemic outbreak. The plan contains information about the different levels of a pandemic and outlines the corresponding roles of different university departments. • Severe Weather and Hurricane Plan: a step-by-step guide explaining the university’s official course of action in the event of flash flooding, lightning, hail, tornadoes, high temperatures, strong winds, frozen precipitation, cyclones, and cold temperatures. The plan contains information about the different levels of severe weather and outlines the corresponding roles of different university departments. • Building Emergency Plan: a customized emergency plan for each building on campus. The plan is important because certain emergency conditions may present the need to evacuate a building or to seek shelter in buildings. Pre-planning and rehearsal are effective ways to ensure that building occupants recognize the evacuation alarm, the outdoor warning system and other emergency communications, and know how to respond. NEES@UTexas office Building Emergency Plans are available at the following links: • Cockrell School of Engineering (ECJ): The ECJ evacuation plan is not publicly available for security reasons. New employees are given a personal orientation detailing ECJ safety and evacuation procedures. Contact your supervisor for more information. • Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG): http://www.geo.utexas.edu/geosafety/ These plans represent official NEES@UTexas policy concerning disaster planning, emergency preparedness and response. All NEES@UTexas personnel are required to review and familiarize themselves with this material. Building 46 Emergency Evacuation Plan NEES@UTexas occupies the south half of PRC Building 46 as an equipment storage area. The main entrance is located on the southeast corner of Building 46. The main entrance (walk through door) is also the Emergency Exit for the south half of Building 46. In case of fire or other type of emergency all personnel in the south half of Building 46 should exit the building through the emergency exit door and meet across Neils Thompson Drive on the east side of the building. To evacuate by vehicle from the Pickle Research Campus (PRC) at Building 46 to the North, use the following route (preferred): 1. 2. 3. 4. North on Neils Thompson Drive East on Read Granberry Trail (Right turn) North on Road “A” (Left turn) Exit PRC onto Braker Lane. To evacuate to the East, use the following route: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. South on Neils Thompson Drive East on Road “D” (Left turn) North on Harry Ransom Trail (Left turn) East on Read Granberry Trail (Right turn) Exit PRC onto Burnet Road. FIGURE 1: BUILDING 46 EMERGENCY EXIT FLOORPLAN 1.6 EMPLOYEE PARTICIPATION All NEES@UTexas personnel are required to read this safety manual, and review the safety standards and publications cited herein as a condition of employment. All personnel are involved in safety policy creation via regular employee meetings and the feedback process of daily operations. 1.7 JOB HAZARD ANALYSIS A hazard is the potential for harm. In practical terms, a hazard often is associated with a condition or activity that, if left uncontrolled, can result in an injury or illness. Identifying hazards and eliminating or controlling them as early as possible will help prevent injuries and illnesses. Job hazard analysis is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. It focuses on the relationship between the worker, the task, the tools, and the work environment. Ideally, after you identify uncontrolled hazards, you will take steps to eliminate or reduce them to an acceptable risk level. The Occupational Health & Safety Administration (OSHA) publication 3071 addresses job hazard analysis for employees, supervisors and management. A copy of this document can be found at http://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3071.pdf. NEES@UTexas administrative personnel have performed a Job Hazard Analysis identifying common field and shop tasks, attendant safety hazards, and appropriate action to mitigate such hazards; the results inform practices and procedures throughout this safety manual. Documentation from the Analysis is maintained on file by the Operations Manager, and is available for employee review and input. A list of specific hazards is provided below for personnel familiarity. The hazards detailed must be communicated to all persons participating in the following tasks. Job Task Moving instrumentation trailer onto test area Off-loading equipment at test area • • • • • • Task Hazards Trip hazards Uneven ground Exhaust fumes from generator Heavy objects Pinch points Trip and fall hazards Moving shaker truck into position Contact damage and for testing overhead lines Noise assessment Laying out line cables Excessive noise in area where other workers may be present Trip hazards, damage to cables Conduct testing Unauthorized persons entering area where shaker truck is operating Monitoring equipment while Potential leaks or testing overheating of equipment causing bodily harm to a person or damage to the environment Completion of testing and leaving Injury to personnel or area damage to equipment or environment 1.8 Preventative Actions Assess area and choose level area upwind from other equipment if possible to park trailer. Use lifting belts and avoid lifting heavy objects. Use dollies when possible. Do not place boxes or objects where someone can trip over them. Survey area first, then minimize backing and have backup and overhead supervision when moving shaker truck. Position shaker truck to direct most noise away from other workers. Position cables where there is the least amount of foot and vehicle traffic to minimize trip hazards and damage to cables. Zone off area where shaker truck is operating with cones or warning tape. Constantly monitor shaker truck and equipment for leaking hoses or excessive heat on or under equipment. Be aware of trip hazards when picking up and loading equipment and have supervision when moving vehicles; remove all litter OSHA ACTION PLAN As an educational organization, NEES@UTexas is not subject to OSHA workplace regulations. However, familiarity with OSHA regulations and material is strongly recommended for promotion of workplace safety. In the interests of maximal project efficiency and a safe working environment, NEES@UTexas facilities are maintained in a state of readiness which is suitable for OSHA inspection. 1.9 REMEDIAL ACTION When safety issues are raised, the Operations Manager or Chief Engineer perform a root analysis of each issue addressing the following points: 1. Consider potential severity of loss. 2. Evaluate the probability of a loss occurrence. 3. Weight various control alternatives and decide on the best one. 4. Assess the likely degree of control to be achieved. 5. Determine the cost of control. 6. Justify the recommended control if major expenditures are involved. These points inform appropriate safety policy revisions which are immediately disseminated to all personnel via email or in-person tailgate meetings. Follow-up actions are then scheduled as follows: 1. Issue work orders for immediate correction of the safety issue if this can be done without major expenditure. 2. Monitor the budgeting of resources via purchasing and provisioning feedback. 3. Ensure that remedial action is taken in a timely fashion by adjusting workload prioritization. 4. Monitor activity progress via in-person, phone or email requests for feedback. 5. Check the effectiveness of implemented controls. Are people better protected now than they were before? 6. Give ample credit where credit is due. Safety is a prime concern for all personnel; individual recognition promotes awareness of this principle. Immediate feedback is expected from actions taken to effect the revised policy, and a follow-up review scheduled within the same work week to gauge policy effectiveness and to formulate and prioritize any further required corrective action. 1.10 SAFETY RULES AND ENFORCEMENT Specific safety rules and procedures have been developed for each of the three NEES@UTexas shaker trucks. For this material, personnel should review Section 2.3: SPECIAL HAZARDS OF NEES@UTexas EQUIPMENT. All NEES@UTexas personnel monitor each others' actions as relevant to this document and professional standards of safe conduct. Unsafe conditions or behavior are to be immediately reported to the Chief Engineer or Operations Manager. Any willful violation of NEES@UTexas safety rules or refusal to follow the directions of NEES@UTexas management personnel will result in an immediate suspension of the right to work within the facility. Disciplinary action is taken according to University of Texas at Austin standards for safe employee conduct and prescription of punitive measures for violation of said standards. 1.11 SAFETY SELF-AUDITS NEES@UTexas is a small organization and operates on a lateral management structure keyed on collaborative work and peer review. The Operations Manager, Chief Engineer and all other personnel are typically in contact on a daily basis. The topic of safety is explicitly maintained in daily operational discussion. Information relating to safety is quickly passed throughout the organization and to Operations Management, and, conversely, safety policy and management judgment calls are quickly disseminated from the top down to all employees. 1.12 SAFETY SELF-INSPECTIONS Each employee is responsible for conducting a safety inspection of their associated facilities, work and office areas on at least a monthly basis and on a frequent basis at appropriate intervals during project preparation, execution and debriefing. Issues noted during these inspections are corrected with a briefing of the corrective action made to the Operations Manager for integration into global safety policy. All new employees will be informed by the Chief Engineer on proper safety practices and daily vehicle and equipment usage checklists. At the start of any field project, the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer will conduct a field safety meeting with all personnel involved in field work. After completion of the field safety meeting, personnel shall acknowledge that they were present for the briefing and agree to comply with all safety procedures. A Field Safety Survey and Acknowledgement Form [UTNEES.SS2009] will be signed by all personnel in attendance and a copy maintained by the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer. During field operations the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer will conduct a daily "tailgate meeting" safety briefing with all personnel involved in field work. New safety precautions and recommendations will be addressed at this time; all personnel should provide feedback, recommendations and address any concerns or questions they may have. A Tailgate Safety Meeting Form [UTNEES.TM2010] will be signed by all personnel in attendance and a copy maintained by the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer. Subsequent to any error in judgment, accident, equipment failure, or other unforeseen event recognized as likely to impact the shop or field test schedule, logistics, or site safety, the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer will call an immediate cessation of work and hold a tailgate meeting with all personnel present to determine the corrective action required, and to modify the testing schedule accordingly. A safe and deliberate workflow must always take precedence over schedule concerns. All personnel are responsible for the site safety. If you see something that does not look safe, inform the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer on duty immediately. Never make assumptions regarding safety; other people may not be aware that something is wrong or that they are being unsafe. It is everyone’s responsibility to make safety a priority and to ensure that all safety practices are being adhered to. 1.12.1 Vehicle Self-Inspections Prior to operating any UT vehicle, a daily inspection shall be conducted according to the following criteria:A checklist for the above criteria is available in form UTNEES.VD2010. 1. Mileage log with credit card, insurance paperwork and Accident Report Form [UTNEES.AR2009] present 2. Fuel level sufficient for day’s activity 3. Visual inspection of tire condition and pressure 4. Headlight and taillight test 5. Trailer light test (if present) 6. Trailer air line inspection (if present and applicable) 7. Isolation bag visual inspection and pressure check (if applicable) 8. Oil reservoir check (if applicable) Any problems observed in the vehicle inspection will be entered into the vehicle's logbook. The operator of the vehicle is responsible for communicating the problem to the Chief Engineer or Operations Manager and either taking appropriate corrective action to return the vehicle to a safe operating condition, or halting use of the vehicle until sufficient corrective action has been taken. A checklist for the above criteria is available in form UTNEES.VD2010. Prior to the start of any long-distance trip of greater than 50 miles, a pre-trip inspection shall be conducted according to the following criteria. Failure to pass the pre-trip inspection is handled as with the daily vehicle inspection. 1. Mileage log with credit card, insurance paperwork and Accident Report Form [UTNEES.AR2009] present 2. Fire extinguisher present and charged 3. Jack and spare tire present and in working condition 4. Fuel level sufficient for day’s activity 5. Oil level good 6. Coolant level good 7. Power steering fluid level good 8. Belts and hoses in good condition 9. Visual inspection of tire condition, tire pressure test 10. Headlight, taillight, turn indicator and license plate light test 11. Windshield wipers in good condition 12. Horn functional 13. Trailer light test (if present) 14. Trailer air line inspection (if present and applicable) 15. Isolation bag visual inspection and pressure check (if applicable) 16. Oil reservoir check (if applicable) A checklist for the above criteria is available in form UTNEES.VT2010. All NEES@UTexas road vehicles receive preventative maintenance and a safety inspection performed by the University of Texas Parking and Transportation Services Fleet Management Automotive Shop at regularly scheduled three-month intervals. 1.13 SAFETY STAFFING Safety staffing roles are defined in section 2.2.2: RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FIELD. The Operations Manager is the ultimate authority on matters of field and facility safety. 2.FIELD AND WORK SAFETY 2.1 GENERAL VEHICLE SAFETY The University of Texas has in place guidelines for general vehicle safety and driver certification. NEES@UTexas vehicles, the instrumentation van, T-Rex, Liquidator, Thumper, Freightliner, and any rental vehicles are covered by these guidelines, consisting of the University of Texas System Business Procedures Memorandum 160502 (Automobile Insurance Coverage for Officers and Employees and General Requirements for the Use of Vehicles) and the University of Texas at Austin vehicle fleet management plan. Copies of these two guidelines are presented in Appendixes A and B, respectively. Under these guidelines, NEES vehicles must be operated exclusively by UT employees. 2.2 GENERAL FIELD AND WORK SAFETY To maintain a safe environment in field conditions, the following elements will be in place: 2.2.1 SAFETY PREPARATION BEFORE FIELD TESTS The Principal Investigator of the user team must perform a site survey on the proposed test site to identify all potential hazards of the site and the potential hazards that may be caused by the shaker before field tests, and provide the NEES@UTexas Project Management Team (PMT) with a description of planned experiments one month before testing commences. The NEES@UTexas PMT will review the planned experiments to assess hazards that may compromise the safety of NEES@UTexas personnel and equipment, and may give suggestions accordingly. However, the responsibility for the design of the experiment with regards to safety of the test site and structures in and near by the test site rests on the user, and the Principal Investigator of the user team is responsible for obtaining permits for site access and the site liability insurance. 2.2.2 RESPONSIBILITY IN THE FIELD Each individual participating in the field work is responsible for their own safety and the safety of the people who work around them. Do not do or ask anyone else to do anything that is not safe. In addition, each field experiment will have two leaders, a Chief Engineer, and a Chief Scientist. The Chief Engineer will be a member of the NEES@UTexas team, and will be an authority on the operation of all NEES@UTexas vehicles and equipment. The Chief Scientist is one of the users, who may be the project Principal Investigator of the user team or a person whom is authorized by the project Principal Investigator of the user team to make decisions on site concerning the experiments to be performed. It is the Chief Scientist's responsibility in the field to ensure the safety of the test site, and response to disaster according to the site specific disaster kit prepared by the Principal Investigator of the user team. The Chief Scientist should participated in the site survey with the Principal Investigator, and be able to identify all potential hazards of the site and those which may be caused by the shaker at any selected shake points. Selected shake points should avoid and keep a safe distance from structures both above and under ground. The T-Rex and Liquidator shakers will normally be used only in "wide open" areas. If any structures are within 1000 ft, the users should monitor the ground near the structures to ensure the vibrations close to the structures are kept below 0.1 inch/sec. If vibration sensitive structures (especially inhabited buildings) are within 500 ft of the shake point, users must perform pre-construction and post-construction photo surveys of these structures. The Chief Scientist should also ensure a way of communication (e.g. cellular phone or satellite phone) in the field for emergency contact at all time. The Chief Engineer is responsible for the safety of all NEES@UTexas personnel and equipment, and has final authority concerning operation of any NEES@UTexas equipment. 2.2.3 GENERAL FIELD HAZARDS STATEMENT Every NEES@UTexas member participated in a field experiment is required to read and acknowledge a statement describing general field hazards, and provide emergency contact information to the Chief Engineer. A sample version of this is in Appendix C. Similar forms are suggested for the non NEES@UTexas personnel and are to be collected by the Chief Scientist. 2.2.4 MEDICAL INSURANCE Every NEES@UTexas member in a field experiment is required to obtain, at his or her own expense, suitable medical insurance. The Chief Engineer will maintain an on-site log of insurance information and emergency contacts for NEES@UTexas members. Similar requirements are suggested for non-UT personnel and pertinent information is to be collected by the Chief Scientist. 2.3 SPECIAL HAZARDS OF NEES@UTexas EQUIPMENT The hydraulic vibrators of NEES@UTexas operate with pressures up to 4,000psi, and can output a ground force as high as 60,000 lbs, requiring special consideration for safety. Because the NEES vibrators are similar or identical to those used in the petroleum industry, there is a well established set of safety procedures based upon over 40 years of industry experience. "General Safety Information and Procedures", provided by the manufacturer, Industrial Vehicles International Inc., is shown in Appendix D. All UT personnel who will operate NEES@UTexas shakers are required to read and follow the procedures shown in Appendix D. It is the responsibility of the Chief Engineer to ensure that all procedures in Appendix D are followed in the field. The Chief Scientist and all other participants who are not members of the NEES@UTexas group and will work within a 100 ft radius of the shaker trucks in a field experiment must attend a 20-minute on-site safety training session prior to the start of the field experiment. The on-site safety training session will be conducted by the Chief Engineer to address safety issues related to the NEES@UTexas hydraulic shakers. Topics covered in the on-site safety training session are shown in Appendix E. All trainees are required to read and sign the On-Site Shaker Safety Training statement before field work can be started. The Chief Engineer must keep the copy of the signed statements from all trainees, and the Chief Scientist is responsible for ensuring that anyone who works within a 100ft radius of the shaker has been trained. 2.3.1 Safety Rules for working around T-Rex T-Rex is a large Tri-Axial articulated mobile shaker vehicle. Extra caution should be taken when working around T-Rex as there are several features that are unique to T-Rex and need to be pointed out. • It is very important to be aware that when the engine on T-Rex is at idle speed there is 3,000 PSI of hydraulic pressure in the high side of the hydraulic system. In most cases on other shaker units there is only 250 PSI of hydraulic pressure on low side of the hydraulic system and near zero on the high side when the engine is idling until the engine is brought up to operating speed and the system is pressured up. • T-Rex has two mass position sensors mounted on the baseplate that control the position of the shearwave actuators. One sensor is mounted on the front of the baseplate for the longitudinal position and the other sensor is mounted on the passenger side to control the transverse position of the actuator. These sensors transmit sound waves out to a flat surface on the actuator to control the position of the actuator in the shearwave mode. Any interference of these sound waves will cause a violent reaction of the actuator potentially causing bodily injury or damage to the unit. • The hydraulic CPT ram at the rear of T-Rex poses severe pinching and crushing hazards at both the top and bottom of the ram, rod adapter, and rod assembly. Always keep both hands in sight when operating the ram. Keep hands free of the top of the rod adapter when the ram is ascending, and the bottom of the adapter and/or rod assembly when the ram is descending. Do not place hands inside the marked area under the ram cylinder base. The ram cylinder base presents an overhead obstacle; hardhats must be worn when manipulating the CPT assembly. NEVER attempt to operate T-Rex unless you have proper training by an approved instructor. ALWAYS use eye and hearing protection within 30 feet of T-Rex. Hearing protection is not required inside of the cab if the windows and doors are completely closed. The highest measured noise levels in the cab are below 70db when the windows and doors are closed and the engine is at operating speed. NEVER work on T-Rex when the engine is running. Turn off electronics, shutdown engine and turn off battery switches before working on T-Rex. Check high and low hydraulic pressure gauges to be sure there is no hydraulic pressure on the system before repairs or adjustments. ALWAYS use grab handles and steps when climbing into the cab or climbing onto the back of T-Rex around the engine area. NEVER jump off of T-Rex. Jumping even short distances can cause severe bodily injury. USE the grab handles and steps to get off of or out of the cab of T-Rex. ALWAYS approach T-Rex from the front of the vehicle to get the operator’s attention. See Figure 2 for safe approach area. NEVER assume the operator is aware of your presence around T-Rex. Exchange some type of hand signals to be sure that the operator acknowledges your presence around TRex. ALWAYS keep away from the driver’s side of T-Rex. This is the side that most of the high pressure components are located. ALWAYS keep away from the articulated area of T-Rex and pinch point areas of the baseplate and lift assembly. ALWAYS keep away from the exhaust area to prevent burns and be aware that hoses and piping can be hotspots due to the temperature of the oil in the hydraulic system. NEVER allow dry material such as leaves or brush to accumulate on T-Rex to prevent the possibility of fire on the vehicle. 2.3.2 Safety Rules for working around Liquidator Liquidator is a large low frequency mobile shaker vehicle. Extra caution should be taken when working around Liquidator. NEVER attempt to operate Liquidator unless you have proper training by an approved instructor. ALWAYS use eye and hearing protection within 30 feet of Liquidator. NEVER work on Liquidator when the engine is running. Turn off electronics, shut down engine and turn off battery switches before working on Liquidator. Check high and low hydraulic pressure gauges to be sure there is no hydraulic pressure on the system before repairs or adjustments. ALWAYS use grab handles and steps when climbing into the cab or climbing onto the back of Liquidator around the engine area. NEVER jump off of Liquidator. Jumping even short distances can cause severe bodily injury. USE the grab handles and steps to get off of or out of the cab of Liquidator. Be aware of uneven ground or large rocks when getting down from Liquidator. ALWAYS approach Liquidator from the front of the vehicle to get the operator’s attention. See Figure 2 for safe approach area. NEVER assume the operator is aware of your presence around Liquidator. Exchange some type of hand signals to be sure that the operator acknowledges your presence around Liquidator. ALWAYS keep away from the driver’s side of Liquidator. This is the side that most of the high pressure components are located. ALWAYS keep away from the articulated area of Liquidator and pinch point areas of the baseplate and lift assembly. ALWAYS keep away from the exhaust area to prevent burns and be aware that hoses and piping can be hotspots due to the temperature of the oil in the hydraulic system. NEVER allow dry material such as leaves or brush to accumulate on Liquidator to prevent the possibility of fire on the vehicle. FIGURE 2: T-REX AND LIQUIDATOR SAFE APPROACH AREA 2.3.3 Safety Rules for working around Thumper Thumper is small shaker mounted on the back of a straight Ford F-650 truck. Although Thumper is smaller than our other shakers extra caution should be taken when working around Thumper because Thumper’s operating pressure is 4,000 PSI. NEVER allow anyone within 30 feet of the rear of Thumper while it is operating. NEVER attempt to operate Thumper unless you have proper training by an approved instructor. ALWAYS use eye and hearing protection within 30 feet of Thumper. NEVER work on Thumper when the engine is running. Turn off electronics and shut down engine before working on Thumper. Check high and low hydraulic pressure gauges to be sure there is no hydraulic pressure on the system before repairs or adjustments. ALWAYS use grab handles and steps when climbing into the cab or climbing onto the back of Thumper around the engine area. NEVER jump off of Thumper. Jumping even short distances can cause severe bodily injury. USE the grab handles and steps to get off of or out of the cab of Thumper. Be aware of uneven ground or large rocks when getting down from Thumper. ALWAYS approach Thumper from the front of the vehicle to get the operator’s attention. NEVER assume the operator is aware of your presence around Thumper. Exchange some type of hand signals to be sure that the operator acknowledges your presence around Thumper. ALWAYS keep away from the back of Thumper. This is the area where most of the high pressure components are located. ALWAYS keep away from the pinch point areas of the baseplate and lift assembly. ALWAYS keep away from the exhaust area to prevent burns and be aware that hoses and piping can be hotspots due to the temperature of the oil in the hydraulic system. NEVER allow dry material such as leaves or brush to accumulate on Thumper to prevent the possibility of fire on the vehicle. If possible try to avoid working in dry grass or brush areas with Thumper because the exhaust is mounted horizontally under the truck. 2.3.4 Safety Rules for T-Rex and Liquidator Demonstrations 1. The audience should maintain a safety distance of at least 30 feet from the center of the shaker while the shaker is operating. 2. The audience should stay away from the high pressure (driver's) side of the shaker. 3. The audience should not stand behind the shaker out of the driver's range of vision. 4. The safe area for audience is shown in Figure 3. FIGURE 3: T-REX AND LIQUIDATOR AUDIENCE SAFE AREA 3.SPECIFIC SAFETY POLICIES Service and maintenance of NEES@UTexas shaker trucks and other vehicles is performed by qualified repair technicians at either the University of Texas Parking and Transportation Services Fleet Management Automotive Shop or third-party commercial vehicle repair depots. The following material represents general NEES@UTexas safety policy for field work, vehicle transportation and storage. 3.1 BLOOD BORNE PATHOGENS NEES@UTexas research and other activities do not normally involve interaction with blood borne pathogens. Unforeseeable personnel injury could potentially result in blood borne pathogen exposure, and these cases should be managed in accordance with the guidelines below. American Red Cross First Aid training, which includes guidelines for handling spilled blood, is mandatory for all NEES@UTexas field employees. First Aid kits which include protective wear are available at prominently marked locations in all NEES@UTexas facilities and vehicles. In the event human body fluids require clean up due to an injury, only trained personnel are allowed to clean up spills with approved clean up kits. If no trained personnel are present, secure the area and call the University Environmental Health and Safety department's 24-hour hotline at (512) 471-3511 for instructions. You are responsible for keeping your immediate work area clean and sanitary. If you become aware of needs beyond general housekeeping, report your concern to your supervisor. All equipment and working surfaces must be cleaned and decontaminated using sanitizing cleanser after contact with blood or other potentially infectious material. If you get blood or other potentially infectious materials in your eyes, nose, mouth, or on broken skin: • Immediately flood the exposed area with water and clean any wound with soap and water or a skin disinfectant if available. • Report this immediately to your employer. • Seek immediate medical attention at UT Health Services or the nearest medical care facility. More information regarding University of Texas at Austin policies for blood borne pathogens can be found at the following link: http://utexas.edu/safety/ehs/biosafety/bloodborne_pathogens.html 3.2 FIRE and LIFE SAFETY The University of Texas at Austin Fire Prevention Services offers a variety of resources relating to fire safety and fire emergency management at http://www.utexas.edu/safety/fire/safety/. Personnel are directed to familiarize themselves with these resources; they represent official NEES@UTexas policy as regards to fire safety. Fire extinguishers are located in prominent marked locations throughout NEES@UTexas facilities and in the cab or operating compartment of all NEES@UTexas vehicles. Personnel are trained on proper use as a condition of employment. 3.2.1 Building Fire Safety Procedures General building fire safety instructions are as follows: 1. Rescue yourself first, and then assist others from the fire area if you are able to do so without placing yourself at risk. 2. Announce the emergency to everyone in the fire area and inform Fire Prevention Services or other relevant local fire prevention authority. 3. Contain the fire and resultant smoke by closing doors and windows leading to the fire area as you leave. This simple action can hold the fire back and keep smoke from entering adjoining areas, allowing time for everyone to escape. 3.2.2 Field Fire Safety Procedures During all field operations, a safety briefing will be conducted and all personnel will be informed as to where to meet in the event of a fire or natural disaster. Personnel will be informed as to the local emergency numbers to contact for each particular emergency and the location of the nearest medical treatment facility. The Chief Scientist is responsible for collecting and disseminating this information as part of the safety training session referenced in section 2.3, and must verify receipt by all personnel. In the event of a vehicle or equipment fire, all personnel should evacuate to their designated location and report to the person in charge. Immediately contact local, police, fire and EMS before attempting to extinguish a vehicle fire. Assess the situation prior to any actions. If a vehicle or piece of equipment is on fire, locate the nearest fire extinguisher and operate according to the extinguisher instructions if it is safe to do so. All UT personnel are trained in the proper use of fire extinguishers. If the fire cannot be extinguished, evacuate the area and wait for rescue personnel. If the fire was successfully extinguished, wait for rescue personnel to check and verify that the fire is out and it is safe to enter the area. 3.3 LOCKOUT/TAGOUT The purpose of Lockout/Tagout policy is to prevent injuries to employees from the unexpected energizing, start-up, or release of stored energy from machines, equipment, or processes when such employees are engaged in activities where they are at risk from these hazardous sources. Large mobile equipment platforms such as the NEES@UTexas shaker trucks can pose significant risk of personnel injury or loss of life when powered up or moved in an improper manner. Lockout/tagout machine assessments have been performed on the three shaker trucks and are available on file in the Chief Engineer's office in Building 46. The following procedures have been developed to prevent inadvertent starting or other activation of NEES@UTexas equipment in accordance with OSHA 29 CFR 1910.147. 3.3.1 ACCESS CONTROL The NEES@UTexas mobile shaker trucks and other vehicles are secured from inadvertent or unauthorized access or ignition with keyed locks. Certain vehicles include self-powered generator or pump equipment which is also secured via ignition key and/or locking access panel. Keysets for each vehicle and its associated equipment are secured in one of three locations: 1) A locking key cabinet in the UT Geotechnical Engineering Senior Administrative Associate's office. Access to both the cabinet and the office is controlled by the Associate. 2) A locking key cabinet in the locking tool cage in Bldg. 46. Access to both the cabinet and the cage is strictly limited to NEES@UTexas personnel. 3) A mileage logbook binder which accompanies each vehicle into the field. The binder and keyset is secured by the NEES@UTexas employee responsible for that vehicle. 3.3.2 GENERAL LOCKOUT/TAGOUT Tagout tags are available on prominent display in the Bldg. 46 office and placed in an accessible location in every vehicle. When such maintenance is required on NEES@UTexas equipment as would cause danger to personnel or property when the equipment is energized or moved, as determined by the person undertaking said maintenance, the shop supervisor, or NEES@UTexas personnel, a tagout tag must be filled out by the person undertaking the maintenance and affixed to either: A) In the case of a mobile shaker or other vehicle, a visible location on the vehicle's steering wheel. B) In the case of a generator, hydraulic pump or other self-powered equipment without a steering mechanism, on the throttle or other primary control for that equipment. C) In the case of an electrical device, the power switch, plug, safety interlock or other prominent feature required to energize the device. D) In the case of a hydraulic, mechanical or gas pressure system activated by valve or other manual control, the control interface for that system. This tag must contain at a minimum: the name of the person performing the maintenance, the date the tag was attached, and a note summarizing the maintenance being performed. 3.3.3 SPECIFIC LOCKOUT PROCEDURE FOR T-REX AND LIQUIDATOR NOTIFY AFFECTED EMPLOYEES Verbally notify all affected employees that the machine or equipment will be shut down and locked/tagged out for servicing or maintenance. SHUTDOWN THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT 1. Put machine in neutral, lever located in cab right side of driver seat on floor 2. Set parking brake, yellow brake valve located on dash panel, right side 3. Pressure down machine, control valve left side of dash panel 4. Return engine to idle with throttle control located right side of driver seat of floor 5. Return ignition key to the off position, located on right side of dash 6. Switch battery isolation switches to the off position, located right side rear of vehicle ISOLATE THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT FROM ALL ENERGY SOURCES • Ignition key located in cab, right side of dash • Battery isolation switches located right rear of equipment APPLY LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES A tag must be placed on the steering wheel of the vehicle and a tag must be placed at the battery isolation switches; keys must be tagged and locked in cabinet DISSIPATE OR RESTRAIN ALL STORED OR RESIDUAL ENERGY • ELECTRICAL Electrical energy is stored in the batteries at the rear of the machine and isolated by turning the isolation switches to the off position. • HYDRAULIC Once the machine is pressured down and the high and low pressure gauges on the dash read zero, there is no stored hydraulic energy. • AIR PRESSURE Drain air tanks if servicing air system, once dash gauge reads zero and no air can be hear coming from drain valve located on air tank, stored energy has been depleted. • ACCUMULATOR (COMPRESSED NITROGEN) Dissipate stored accumulator pressure prior to servicing: open release valve on accumulator; once local accumulator gauge reads zero and no sound can be heard coming from release valve, all stored energy has been depleted. VERIFY/TEST THAT THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN ISOLATED 1. Turn the ignition key to the on position. If the machine does not start, then the electrical system has been isolated. 2. Attempt to release the parking brake. If the brake valve pops back out, there is no air in the system. 3. The machine will not operate if there is no hydraulic pressure/accumulator pressure. PERFORM THE NECESSARY SERVICE, MAINTENANCE AND/OR REPAIR WORK Following normal safety procedures and with all needed Personal Protective Equipment e.g. safety glasses, chemical resistant gloves, coveralls, steel-toe safety shoes. REMOVAL/RESTORE FROM LOCKOUT/TAGOUT 1. Clear all nonessential tools/personnel and verify that all machine/equipment components are operationally intact. 2. Verify that the controls are in neutral. 3. Remove lock-out/tag-out devices. 4. Replace all safety guards. 5. Notify affected employees that machine/equipment is ready for use. 6. Re-energize machine/equipment. 3.3.4 SPECIFIC LOCKOUT PROCEDURE FOR THUMPER NOTIFY AFFECTED EMPLOYEES Verbally notify all affected employees that the machine or equipment will be shut down and locked/tagged out for servicing or maintenance. SHUTDOWN THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT 1. Set parking brake, handle to right of driver's seat 2. Pressure down shaker using switch box in cab behind driver's seat 3. Return rear engine to idle using throttle control on rear engine control panel 4. Turn off rear engine and remove key from ignition switch 5. Turn off front engine and remove key from ignition switch ISOLATE THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT FROM ALL ENERGY SOURCES To isolate machine, remove the battery box cover located on driver side under cab, disconnect battery cables from all batteries APPLY LOCKOUT/TAGOUT DEVICES Place a tag on the steering wheel; tag keys and lock in cabinet. DISSIPATE OR RESTRAIN ALL STORED OR RESIDUAL ENERGY There is no release of stored energy from batteries. VERIFY/TEST THAT THE MACHINE/EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN ISOLATED Attempt to start rear engine. If starter does not engage, the engine has been isolated PERFORM THE NECESSARY SERVICE, MAINTENANCE AND/OR REPAIR WORK Following normal safety procedures and with all needed Personal Protective Equipment e.g. safety glasses, chemical resistant gloves, coveralls, steel-toe safety shoes. REMOVAL/RESTORE FROM LOCKOUT/TAGOUT 1. Clear all nonessential tools/personnel and verify that all machine/equipment components are operationally intact. 2. Verify that the controls are in neutral. 3. Remove lock-out/tag-out devices. 4. Replace all safety guards. 5. Notify affected employees that machine/equipment is ready for use. 6. Re-energize machine/equipment. 3.4 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Personal protective equipment, or PPE, is designed to protect employees from serious workplace injuries or illnesses resulting from contact with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical, mechanical, or other workplace hazards. Besides face shields, safety glasses, hard hats, and safety shoes, PPE includes a variety of devices and garments such as goggles, coveralls, gloves, vests, earplugs, and respirators. Hearing Protection Exposure to high noise levels can cause irreversible hearing loss or impairment as well as physical and psychological stress. Wearing earplugs or earmuffs can help prevent damage to hearing. Earplugs made from foam, waxed cotton, or fiberglass wool are self-forming and usually fit well. Clean earplugs regularly, and replace those you cannot clean. Skin Protection Workers exposed to harmful substances through skin absorption, severe cuts or lacerations, severe abrasions, chemical burns, thermal burns, and harmful temperature extremes will benefit from hand protection. In some cases workers must shield most or all of their bodies against hazards in the workplace, such as exposure to heat and radiation as well as hot metals, scalding liquids, body fluids, hazardous materials or waste, and other hazards. In addition to fire-retardant wool and fire-retardant cotton, materials used in whole-body PPE include rubber, leather, synthetics, and plastic. Respiratory Protection When engineering controls are not feasible, workers must use appropriate respirators to protect against adverse health effects caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors. Respirators generally cover the nose and mouth or the entire face or head and help prevent illness and injury. A proper fit is essential, however, for respirators to be effective. All employees required to wear respirators must first undergo medical evaluation. Eye Protection Besides spectacles and goggles, PPE such as special helmets or shields, spectacles with side shields, and face shields can protect employees from the hazards of flying fragments. Foot Protection In addition to foot guards and safety shoes, leggings (e.g. leather, aluminized rayon, or other appropriate material) can help prevent injuries by protecting employees from hazards such as falling or rolling objects, sharp objects, wet and slippery surfaces, molten metals, hot surfaces, and electrical hazards. Head Protection Hard hats can protect your employees from head impact, penetration injuries, and electrical injuries such as those caused by falling or flying objects, fixed objects, or contact with electrical conductors. Also, OSHA regulations require employers to ensure that workers cover and protect long hair to prevent it from getting caught in machine parts such as belts and chains. PPE Requirements for Shop and Field Use All personnel involved in field operations involving shaker trucks are required to wear long pants such as jeans or coveralls and closed toe shoes. Whenever working within 50ft of shaker equipment, you must wear long pants, such as coveralls or jeans, steel-toe shoes, safety glasses, hearing protection and hard hat. Proper PPE such as hard hats, safety glasses and hearing protection is available from the Chief Engineer. When performing refueling operations of equipment, you must wear face shield, goggles or other protection suitable to prevent eye contact with fuel. We work with a variety of hand and power tools. All personnel will be introduced to site specific tools by the Chief Engineer upon hiring. Selection of Proper PPE will be in accordance with manufacturers instructions, contained in the safety pamphlets supplied with the equipment. Specific tool safety requirements will be available for review from the Chief Engineer and kept on file at Building 46. Each person will be responsible for checking their PPE and verifying that each piece is in safe working condition. Any PPE showing signs of wear, having tears, breaks or cracks will be disposed of immediately to prevent use by any other personnel. Personnel who are unsure of what PPE should be used during specific operations, should always consult with the PI and/or the Chief Engineer on duty prior to starting your task. 3.5 COMPRESSED GASSES Compressed gas storage in NEES@UTexas facilities is limited to non-flammable compressed nitrogen, used for recharging accumulator devices on T-Rex and Liquidator. Compressed gases are to be used only by the shop supervisor and personnel trained and approved by the shop supervisor. Cylinders are to be refilled only by a commercial gas service provider. Cylinders must be inspected upon each use and on a weekly basis when in storage for leaks or damage. Leaking or damaged cylinders must immediately be removed from service and returned to the provider. Gas cylinders must be strapped to an appropriate carrier at all times. When the cylinders are not in use, the carrier must be strapped to a stable, robust vertical support; any regulators, hoses or other apparatus external to the cylinders must be removed; and a manufacturer-approved protective cap must be installed over the valve or outlet of each cylinder. Compressed gas usage and storage must conform to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.101. 3.6 FLAMMABLES HANDLING AND STORAGE 3.6.1 Shop Flammables Shop flammables are limited to cleaning solvents, aerosol paint, and other generalpurpose chemicals. These are stored in clearly identified closed cabinets manufactured for that purpose, in accordance with OSHA 29 1910.106, and used according to manufacturer's instructions. MSDS for all products are maintained in a visible, clearly marked receptacle in the Chief Engineer's office in Building 46. 3.6.2 Field Flammables Field flammables are limited to liquid diesel and gasoline fuel for powering the vehicles and generators used in NEES@UTexas projects. Fuel handling and storage must follow the following guidelines: • Only designated persons shall conduct fueling operations. • In case of spillage, filler caps shall be replaced and spillage disposed of before engines are started. • Engines shall be stopped and operators shall not be on board the equipment during refueling operations. • Smoking and open flames shall be prohibited in areas used for fueling, fuel storage or enclosed storage of equipment containing fuel. • Equipment shall be refueled only at designated locations. • Liquid fuels not handled by pump shall be handled and transported only in portable containers or equivalent means designed for that purpose. Portable containers shall be UL-approved metal or plastic, have tight closures with screw or spring covers and shall be equipped with spouts or other means to allow pouring without spilling. Leaking containers shall not be used. • When filling portable fuel containers, remove from vehicle or truck bed and place on flat, level ground to prevent buildup of static electricity. • Flammable liquids may be dispensed in the open from a tank or from other vehicles equipped for delivering fuel to another vehicle only if: 1. Dispensing hoses do not exceed 50 feet (15.24 m) in length; and 2. Any powered dispensing nozzles used are of the automatic-closing type. • Liquid fuel dispensing devices shall be provided with an easily accessible and clearly identified shut-off device, such as a switch or circuit breaker, to shut off the power in an emergency. Personnel shall inform the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer prior to starting any refueling operations. Personnel not involved in the refueling operation shall remain clear of the refueling until refueling is complete as instructed by the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer. Fuel containers will only be carried in open bed of vehicle and secured to prevent spillage during transport. 3.7 LIFTING, MANUAL NEES@UTexas official policy prohibits manual lifting of weight over 50 pounds. Personnel are provided with OSHA-certified back support belts for weights less than 50 pounds as deemed necessary. NEES@UTexas field operations do not routinely require lifting weights of more than 50 pounds. If weight over 50 pounds must be moved or lifted, personnel must proceed according to one of the following courses of action: • Disassemble or unpack the object into component pieces weighing less than 50 pounds. • Enlist the aid of sufficient additional personnel to lift the weight such that no single person is lifting more than 50 pounds. All personnel involved should wear provided OSHA-approved back-support belts to prevent torsional back stress. Combined weight load should not exceed 150 pounds. • Use provided hand trucks to move the weight under supervision of the Chief Engineer and in accordance with manufacturer's directions on file at Building 46. Do not to exceed the weight rating of the trucks as clearly marked. 3.8 LIFTING, MECHANICAL NEES@UTexas mechanical lifting devices are limited to hand-operated shop cranes, hydraulic jacks and winches. Personnel are required to use these devices in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, available on file in the Chief Engineer's office. The rated lifting capacity of each device is not to be exceeded. OSHA-approved steel or composite protective toed footwear must be worn when lifting weights over 50 pounds by mechanical means. OSHA-approved hardhats are provided and must be worn when items are lifted over waist height. 3.9 MACHINE GUARDING Machine guards are in place to prevent injury to personnel while equipment is operating. During shaker truck demonstrations, clear plastic panels are to be placed next to each truck on the spectator side in case of an accidental release of hydraulic fluid. During engine operation, fan blade guards are to be in place and secure and engine compartment doors are to remain closed, except during engine inspection. These guards are in place to prevent accidental injury to spectators and personnel during engine/machine operation. Do not remove, modify or operate equipment without guards in place without discussing and getting approval from the Chief Engineer on duty. During routine morning inspection of equipment, prior to operation, verify all guards are in place and secure. Always inform the Chief Scientist and/or Chief Engineer prior to performing any maintenance, removing guards or safety devices, and performing lockout/tagout procedures. For specific machine guarding procedures, refer to section 3.1: LOCKOUT/TAGOUT. 3.10 NOISE EXPOSURE Noise hazard evaluations incorporating sound meter surveys of the NEES@UTexas TRex and Thumper shaker trucks indicate sound levels approaching 95 decibels within a 10-foot radius while in operation, exceeding OSHA's safe human hearing threshold of 90 decibels over an 8-hour period. NEES@UTexas personnel are required to use OSHAapproved earplugs or protective earpieces with a Noise Reduction Rating of at least 30 dB when working within a 50-foot radius of the shakers. Protective earpieces meeting the 30dB NRR requirement are supplied for all NEES@UTexas field personnel, and 30dB disposable earplugs are available in sufficient quantity for use by all participants over the duration of the project. Personnel are cautioned not to rely o