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[Music] this is the most dangerous migrant journey in the world this year Libya has become the main departure point for migrants crossing into Europe it's estimated that around 3,000 make it across the Mediterranean to Italy every week and around 12 die trying everyday but before they reach the coast they have to cross a thousand miles of desert a journey even more deadly than the sea if you caught up I traveled through a region few Westerners have ever visited there are Isis training camps smugglers and there are kidnappers to understand why so many will risk everything to get to Europe if I'm going back home I don't have anything I prevent today in a country run by armed militias you start to feel the tension it's almost tangible I mean the men and women forced into slavery is that table found evenly foxy dude dude or me sushi are they pull a few new I discover a country where migrants and traps abandoned and forgotten don't carry for me I want to find out what it's like for a migrant crossing this lawless country from the Sahara in the south to the coast in the north and what if anything is being done to stop this humanitarian crisis [Music] every week two thousand migrants cross the Sahara Desert into Libya trying to make it up to the coast and across the Mediterranean to Europe we're following tracks in the desert we're hoping to meet up with some of the trucks that transport the migrants from the share up to the coast in Tripoli from the coast they head to Europe to get there they travel along two routes from countries like Somalia Sudan and Eritrea in East Africa and Nigeria Gambia and the Ivory Coast in West Africa they cross the border into Libya and converge in the town of Sapa we wait just outside the town on one of the main desert routes used to smuggle migrants north there's a pickup coming now over the horizon I can tell there's people on it it's traveling very very quickly and it's not going to stop for us look how packed it is Ram Dass got so many people on it more migrants than ever before are making the journey through Libya to Europe 15 minutes later another convoy appears the men and women on the back of these trucks will have given up virtually everything they owe and risk all to get to this point we decide to follow the next pickup that comes past we've managed to intercept one of the smuggling vehicles it's full of sub-saharan Africans so we're going to get out and try talk to them hi guys are you from Nigeria yes how long have you traveled across the Sahara the desert two weeks now two weeks has it been very difficult sometimes the code is very true Michael but these are just the weeks you have to embark on to get a better life and where do you want to get to some most of us are homeless and we can't even get good education because of them they burn down schools into irresolute everything I'm running for our lives you want to cross into Europe you know how dangerous this is does that not scare you doors do you think this journey is worth it we have nothing left you a girl coming from that's why we have to put our life on your line some are false you have no father you have no parents and the parents there are 22 people crammed into that vehicle but such determination or the desperation in that vehicle that those people prepared to probably go through anything to get what they keep saying is a better life the journey to Europe can cost up to five thousand dollars families and sometimes entire villages come together to raise the money but many don't make it and end up being held prisoner by the circus everything came up in our case kidnapping but kinging of girls in this country I'm about to discover how this broken country has become a modern-day slave market [Music] I'm in the Sahara Desert in southern Libya in the town of brac it's a major staging point on the smuggling route of illegal migrants heading north competition for control of this lucrative business frequently erupts into violence a message driving is ak-47s down by my feet he's also carrying a pistol we're going to a safe house that contains migrants they're being held here in brac and they will be moved further north by smugglers possibly all the way up to the coast for Tripoli many migrants are held captive here and are forced to work to pay for their journey north we're at the safe house now we told now to turn the cameras off because they don't want the outside of the building to be recognized so where can the camera about 40 men are being kept here migrants are valuable commodities and risk being taken by rival smugglers at any point how long ago did you leave Nigeria two years now two years yes just used and you're working here yes to earn the money to pay for your next part of the journey yes I'm lucky what work are you doing i'm kalique your mechanic yeah what do you do helps that lease making women look good for me are there other people here doing the same thing as you thousand thousands thousands have you witnessed any violence people been violent towards you yes we've we've heard of story like that but we stay in door here we don't comment what do you think would happen to you if you were to go outside kidnapped kidnapped and what they hold them and then they ring the families back in Nigerian from how much longer do you think you guys will have to stay here now before you can move further north depending on how fast we get our money it could take a long time thank you very long time it's very good this is highly organized and there are many ways of getting across this country to the north to the coast some people can afford to pay for the injure knee in one go others have to work it like these guys are doing and they may have to stop in four different places and work for months maybe even a year to make the money for the next stage of their journey more and more women are risking their lives to cross Libya for them this route is even more dangerous the next day I head to a house where women are being held against their will and forced to work to pay for their journey but the smuggler who runs the house has a condition where not to ask what the women do of not filming outside the vehicle okay hello it's okay hello how are you and how long have you been here girls yeah and did you come from Nigeria yes how long do you think that you will stay here I don't know you haven't been told that are you happy here no why not it seems that we got you in this country is really bad for me James everything came up in obvious kidnapping and first killing of girls in this country killing of girls yes is that table from police and pursue voice if only foxy do the dummy she are they pull a few live people who lives why Vince approval EDD from you know Facebook or email bucola shows about dalla Chiesa PI bond payment on Nepali shown a levy now you know polish on did they trick you into coming to be here when they said that they could get you across the Sahara then I'll find myself in this country so the smugglers are holding you here to pay for your journey so far yes and you don't know how long you may have to stay here until you've paid are they giving you any idea as long as we are sure which being good morning me or you that is when we are going to link this country when I start to inquire too deeply about how they do make their money I met with a wall of silence [Music] you should be baffled batli for school it's a purely really boiling block on South America suddenly we're asked to leave [Music] okay we're told but to go right now we gently we've been in here for too long now and people are getting security about it so we've got to leave about set the UN estimates 80% of Nigerian female migrants in Libya are trafficked into the country to work in the sex industry [Music] southern Libya has descended into anarchy conflict between rival tribes makes it volatile and dangerous we're being protected by two technicals with heavy caliber machine guns on them now that may sound like it's a bit over the top but you have to understand that Westerners just simply don't come to this area there are Isis training camps in the region there are other tribes that they don't get on with there are smugglers and there are kidnappers and in terms of a high-value target that's exactly what we are and consequently that's why we've got that kind of security Libya has three rival governments but none of them have any real authority here in the south where power and control of the borders lie in the hands of the heavily armed desert tribes for 42 years the country and the tribes were held together by the brutal dictator Colonel Gadhafi but after he was overthrown in the western-backed Revolution in 2011 civil war to Libya apart so you've just been given this it's obvious oh there is one in there that's the second mag there's actually it's a there's a bullet in it one of the members of the tribe have just handed him a pistol with an extra magazine for the nine mil bullets it's got more guns than nearly any other country on the planet per head of population and that probably explains why this such fragmentation and how easy it is for little groups to form their own militias because there's just so many weapons in this car [Music] many Libyans suffered under Gaddafi but here in the South some feel that things have got worse and blame Western intervention in Libya for the explosion in criminality violence and people smuggling I'm going to the town hall in brac to meet the elders from the Makara [Music] we witnessing behind me is negotiation amongst the bigger tribe the elders all have their own private militias and they've come into conflict with each other they're trying to negotiate a peace amongst themselves when Gaddafi was in control of the country he maintained a relative peace amongst the tribes five years after his death this is an example of how fractured the country and the tribes here [Music] I want to find out how they feel about the smuggling epidemic in their territory Abdullah is an elder of the Makara isn't it true that a lot of people in the tribes here make money from trafficking network a dominant papa was now a teenager when I killed him man he was madam tom was - what's the Eman vamos a la vie Libya Murphy busied million lira was Saturday Miren you know during my time here I found many blame Europeans for the collapse of this oil-rich a once wealthy country now it's on its knees with queues at petrol stations food shortages and salaries going unpaid clearly some longed for the old days the flag that flies over this town is Gaddafi's but when the regime was removed five years ago the infrastructure here fell apart oil production is at an all-time low unemployment is an all-time high and many people here who wouldn't have done so a turning to trafficking as their only source of income I'm heading to a petrol station where migrants are handed over from one group of smugglers to another we pull in and our driver tells us to wait in the car whilst he talks to the smugglers yeah we can go to go behind the garage 30 men and women sit waiting to be picked up for the next leg hi guys where are you from from Nigeria what have been the dangers for you making this journey them more please let us sit down no no DISA very dizzy can you tell me how many people you saw that were dead on the way here you didn't come so are you not scared of crossing the Mediterranean John Mayer Napoli sure our parents are simply saying young once our loved ones they are dying we lost our house to fire boom man simply stay on the streets no food no shelter no clothing for us so I have to live 9 Giotto fatso my family than GIS so desire the bastard said rats now I can't be I ate some barrier boot was so we have to fetch our country after leave our country check out our country so we can be able to help those people over there are you aware that there is a growing anger among some people in Europe that too many people are coming from Africa to Europe Thank You President Assad enough League will become so toxic Oh Sansa a lot a pattern European [Music] the men and women are told they're leaving they're traveling with only the clothes on their backs and after some negotiation we're allowed to do the next part of their journey with them these people who have already been through a very dangerous journey and it's because of the desperation that they fill in their own countries that they're searching for a better life and they go through trauma the risk of being kidnapped forced into to labor some of the women can be forced into prostitution they can be kidnapped so they've already made very perilous journey and I think it's only right if we want to understand what these people go through to experience a bit of it for myself so we're now on the road it's 350 miles to the next handover point just outside of Tripoli it's a seven-hour journey in 45-degree heat we've only been in the car a short period of time it's incredibly uncomfortable the wind buffets you sandblast you you get dry very very quickly it's incredibly uncomfortable when these people it's got a lot more of these people they get to their final destination I don't think I can do it sure [Music] an hour into the journey the main road becomes too dangerous with rival militias up ahead the smugglers turn into the desert to avoid them and the journey becomes even harder International Organization for Migration except that it's more dangerous crossing the desert that it is from the Mediterranean can you imagine going 70 miles an hour plus now if you pulled off no one's gonna stop and no one's gonna rescue you how have you been treated by the traffickers by the smugglers - I did - whatever them my shirts do you think the smugglers are racist you witnessed any violence towards women we're told that going any further would draw unwanted attention from the militias this is where the smugglers have said we've got to get out of the vehicles end of the road for us but these people still have a very long way to go to get their objective I think one thing that's coming over is that I really have no understanding of these people leaving behind for them to take such a dangerous journey means that what they're fleeing must be pretty bad because this is no easy journey around half of all migrants traveling through Libya a held for ransom at some point during their journey 90% say they've seen fellow migrants killed tortured or died in the desert our time in the South has only confirmed just how broken this country is it's crying out for a single strong government for laws and a force to uphold those laws but until that happens the tribes here have no alternative but to turn a blind eye to the smuggling because for many is their only source of income [Music] I'm in Tripoli the capital of Libya on one of the most dangerous cities in the world there is a new government here but the real power lies in the hands of the armed militias there are 4g in tripoli alone they fund their feuds through kidnapping and smuggling and every night they are involved in fierce clashes a first glance in tripoli things appear relatively normal but after a short period of time you start to feel the tension it's almost tangible the sand is driving us said you know Tripoli is presently bubbling and that's not because it's 45 degrees outside there are tensions here between you can travel literally a hundred meters down a road and meet two different checkpoints who don't talk to each other and you consent an air of desperation amongst people here you know as if at any point everything could come to a shuddering stop with a war against an Isis along the coast 40 militias vying for control of the city an economy in freefall and daily blackouts tackling the migrant crisis is not a priority there is no official process to deal with migrants here those that are caught are locked up in detention centers here in Tripoli there are three recognized detention centers and we've just entered the one here in Falla in this Ross yes nice to meet you nice to meet you too before the war aniss worked for a bank he has no experience running a detention center there are around 490 men they're locked up for mostly they apart from when they get a little bit of food that they receive some of them have been here for nine mon
hs we can't help thinking but they got so close to their dream and now that can find in conditions that far worse to many of them than the ones that they were running from these people have no one to turn to the Libyans don't want them Europe doesn't want them and even their own countries don't want them where are you from come from every coast ivory coast cut you off drug one jodhpur yeah yeah mr. Chelsea yeah how long did it take you to get to Libya from Ivory Coast two weeks three weeks how much money how much money did it cost you - I mean - I mean - I mean off now I lose everything what will happen to you when you go back home if I'm going back home I don't have anything I prepare to die yeah I would kill myself I wish I find myself to die I prefer to die because of the levels of violence the kidnappings and the lack of government aid agencies are unable to operate with any success the conditions are some of the worst I have ever witnessed the boss is there and the block toilet for the ship used by 492 toilets where are you from I'm from Gambia Gambia yes you look very thin how long have you been here so what is your future who doesn't see any for me there may be timber does anybody in Gambia no way you are living that country Gambia I read myself by almost 80 70 food supplies are desperately in a ditch person will get one a cup of tea and also a piece of bread and the piece of cheese this is what is give me tea yes the people here are starving and if they try to escape they face being shot by untrained guards who have been accused of carrying out violent beating us an animal really it was a kanima the colours anima the color sleep really well I migrants from detention centers like this one are often sold on to people traffickers if nothing is done many of those who remain will probably die some of the guys that was saying that they have been beaten different people and they believe people and you believe it the fault is not for the police no one trained them before no one explained what the EM grits mean for them before so they treat them as as someone you catch it in a war or something so we should train the police Ennis is clearly a good man but he's only just one man this is a living hell and I think it's getting the story out that if you do try and make it to this country there's a good chance of you ending up here and you do not want to end up here because you have lost all the money that you saved to get here there's a good chance you may be forgotten about and there's some governments here that just aren't helping repatriate these people for most of them all they want to do now is go back home but it doesn't seem to be a lot of help coming presently too in order them to do that so what happens next I've heard of a detention center for women where the conditions are even worse 40 miles away in the town of Sur man up until two days ago it was too dangerous to reach because of fighting between rival militias we've just gone through a checkpoint where we had to lower the camera this area is controlled by the washer fauna and they supported Gaddafi this road is only just open it was closed for a year because the washer fine I didn't want it opened and they were responsible for a lot of attack sort of violence of killings this is it playful security for the center is in the hands of a local militia and a 300 women here have no contact with the outside world and no idea what will happen to them next the newest arrivals survived a terrible tragedy last night it's a favor you're on a boat yesterday what happened the vodka and the people went in the water they abide they died people will die when fish me hippos but these two boys we lost mother lost his mother Iain to see how many people were on the boat do you know how many people around twenty 120 people lose do you know how many people survived the rescue it's only 18 survives yes these boys understand you what's happened to their mothers no idea this one was Kosta Koufos mother I told him this one is called go-go's how'd you feel sorry sorry [Music] despite surviving last night favor and the boys are yet to realize they are now trapped here there must be around 200 women in this room most of them have been here for out for four months at the moment I don't think they are us or even the people are looking after them have any idea how much longer they'll be staying in conditions like this are you pregnant how many months no nine months nine months my family and Katy nobody maneuver who very much never was at the sausages for me Kat maroon avait pas inoperative or nouvelle it to know my past no shadows Allah Aziz Allah Bhagwan nice leadership a popcorn a typical knife amazing raggedy knows it that young Winston funky on larger democracies nothing more amazing from there are hardly any doctors or aid workers left in Libya these women have no access to medical care finish are you having fits here Somali Somali Chris can you tell me the problems of health the children have come on Cody remover to you know the media come up with us auntie should the passages about welfare charity run to dumpy just read Emily [Music] I should gave birth to a baby girl a month ago I which I give birth to a premature baby seven months pregnant when I give birth to the baby my baby bleed bleed she took off and died laughter after a week she died did I take you from here when you gave birth or did you give birth here this right here yeah is that true besides all day I give this to my baby this way when I lost her go carry on now yeah I'm dying also they don't carry for me look at me there's no floor there's no what time I put you I can't even walk anymore people used to owe me to bedroom I'll call me back I don't care where you come from here you are there is so much suffering in this room you can virtually touch it whether you think these people should have stayed in the countries of origin whether you think they have a right to travel to Europe whatever your views on that might matter these people are suffering and as human beings I think we have a duty to look after them and try and stop them the dream of getting to Europe for many has turned into a nightmare but for others it's a business opportunity smuggling now accounts for 50% of the local economy on the coast I've come to trigger second prison in Tripoli about to meet a smuggler who is allegedly transported over 2,000 people into Europe he was arrested eight months ago in the middle of launching a migrant boat from a nearby coastal town he's currently awaiting sentencing can you tell me how you became a smuggler mr. Dunphy Magnus Ness Ness not selfish news I'm smitten happy feel-good but in little Maharajah Mahalo but I lived it Arif tell javi that man Adeeb Adeeb madam bro soon as she would lose selenium fish loose one boot 20,000 inner mat or 10,000 inner JVs 3000 dinner complete complete 40,000 dinner business any 15,000 dinner one boat how many people would you smuggle in a week toe board report that gives him a profit of 25,000 pounds a week in a country where the average monthly wage is just 400 pounds when you put the migrants on the boat but one of the smugglers sail the ship run the engine ten Gambia Sunita Haymond Oh Oh a jeep from Saint Narada let's say another movie not my captain or compass JVs kept not a gym daddy was so one mill Bihar who can say yes it's thoughtful Haute Oh mate Raj flows no money did I forget to pay after no money combos no money free do you expect those boats to make the journey all the way to Italy 200 miles massage 200 men your security Italy dirty mill 200 mil problem you're effectively relying on the European search-and-rescue mission to pick up the migrants yes the European boats waiting offshore have picked up around a hundred and seventy thousand migrants this year they may be saving huge numbers of lives but some believe their presence is encouraging the smugglers that smuggle that alone was responsible for transporting two thousand people into Europe we have no idea how many smugglers are out there but you know what I think if every smuggler in this country was arrested tomorrow there'd be a line of people willing to take their place because of the state this country is in to find out what's being done to stop the smuggling I'm going to spend the night at sea with the Libyan Coast Guard [Music] I'm on the coast 30 miles west of Tripoli this is where most of the migrants trying to get to Europe set off they are loaded into inflatable rubber dinghies incapable of making the 200-mile Passage to Italy most will be picked up by European boats many will drown but a few will be intercepted by Libya's own Coast Guard in just two days last week 13,000 migrants were saved at sea by European rescue missions now they have to operate in international waters 12 miles off the coast but what doesn't get a lot of publicity is what's happening here in territorial waters the Libyan Coast Guard only has a few vessels and I'm about to go out on a night operation with them lieutenant Ramsey hello how are you twenty-four-year-old leftenant Ramsey is second in command of the Zawiya Coast Guard their job is to stop smugglers and rescue migrants at sea but in the country on its knees they are underfunded they have just four boats and come under regular fire from smuggling malicious it's now half 11:00 we're about to leave port now and there aren't many coast guards in the world that set up to see with this kind of weaponry they've got rocket-propelled grenades PKM to share heavy-duty machine guns and they k47 the reason they're carrying them is because the smugglers sometimes actually launch RPGs at this boat something I've just found out and you know obviously we're carrying a heck of a lot of fuel Ramsey your team wear balaclavas why is that because we'll be sure our fists they know us and they don't your house and if they come to your house what will the smugglers do kill us do you mind me asking how much you get paid about the 700 Idina 700 Deana a month yes how much does a smuggler and a month million and that doesn't bode well for the peace of this country Waterman is just more more of them as more dangerous pain no Olivia we are for living know these guys and they'll get paid very much the smugglers well they're taking your risk with their making big money as as Randy just said he's doing it for the future of Libya it's midnight and we're heading up the coast into a stretch of water known to be used by smugglers not a lot c'mon is saying that all the way along the coastline here of subrata there are different militias which are heavily armed and they're all financing their power games from smuggling I work every day I fight militias all kind of gangster and listen we are good little and they get bigger bigger yes have you ever been offered money yes really to turn a blind eye not to look don't God's live at home to go to sleep at home Ramsey and his men come under fire from smugglers most nights an hour into the operation and a suspicious boat raises the alarm we're just came alongside of a fishing trawler now they're often used as spotters for the smugglers they let the smuggler though the boats are about but they just cut their weapon so about you there take it just had a collision fouled ship it just come through the window okay what was it it's illegal bugs where is he from from Asia Egypt you should not be here the captain of the trawler is arrested and taken away by one of the support boats we resume our search [Music] Venus seen out but just under three hours just found our first thing is full of migrants and it's a pack you get close to it you look into the dinghy there are people actually straddled over the edge of it and deciding to absolutely be rammed so they estimated to be around one hundred two hundred and twenty people on board it's absolutely packed [Music] more migrants than ever before are dying on what is now the deadliest migrant route in the world this year more than four thousand have drowned at sea trying to reach Europe most of them have picked up by the European for the tiller but if they do make it to 12 miles if they slip through the net of the flotilla if they get out into proper open water they're not going to make the 200 miles to Italy they're gonna sink and everybody on board will drown this sinking they will seek the support boat arrives to take the migrants back to shore but the coast guards don't have the experience or training to deal with this desperate situation there have been accusations of brutality the migrants are loaded onto the tug and taken back to port we carry on with the patrol and over the next two hours we come across another two boats carrying around 250 migrants this is the three for the third one as the Sun rises we come across more boats even at this point many of these people don't realize they are not going to Europe the Coast Guard will return them to Libya by 9:00 a.m. they have rescued about 600 men and women who now face an uncertain future how disappointed are you very very disciple of a thousand a lot of the little money my mom got in spending on me it's only when you are so face to face with it the desperation the hope the hope that's now lost you know this is a baby being breastfed there and it's not more than the month old I've seen the journey from the South what that child's already endured and its mother and you know for them to be picked up now whether you agree with the migration or not and there are people who had clearly ill and not well on on that tongue down not on my swords I'm lost for words do you be pregnant she's pregnant as we make our way back to port we come across a fifth dinghy at another hundred and twenty migrants were transferred to the Coast Guard's vessel when did you get in the boats just last night how old is she she's fine she's fine your daily six tomorrow should be six tomorrow do you know what's gonna happen to you now they're going to put you in a detention center do you understand that in Libya no water compared to Libya because there is more in Libya and a bit sleep live people dinner so we can ask theater use words sometimes like humanitarian disaster but it's not until it confronts you like this and you see it's the scale of it you can see look good if we in nine hours have picked up around 750 people how many people are being put into unseaworthy boats and how many people are drowning and no one knows about and no will ever hear from again [Music] the rubber boats are set on fire to stop smugglers using them again [Music] the EU has started to provide training and equipment to the Libyan Coast Guard with the people that are sent back to Libya find themselves subjected to horrifying abuses with virtually no supports and little chance of returning home in just 11 hours with just three votes the Libyan Coast Guard managed to rescues 750 migrants now there were go to detention centres which have a history of human rights abuses I think if the European Union wants migrants to be stopped in Libyan waters and they're prepared to help the Coast Guard with sponsorship and training it's also the responsibility then to actually make sure that the centres that they're held in a fit for purpose [Music] the surge in migrants traveling to Europe through Libya came after the Revolution the West supported with the Revolution has failed to deliver lasting security and the country has turned into a slave market for migrants what I've witnessed here is a humanitarian disaster hundreds of thousands of migrants trapped exploited with no hope and no one to turn to there was no international aid organization operating here with any success the suffering I have seen here is partly as a result of the West leaving this country after helping to defeat the daffy and his regime but since then things have got worse for Libya Europe and the migrants clearly it would be a monumental task to help this country secure its southern borders while the international community sits back and allows the power games to play out here every day this country slides closer into becoming a failed state the big question has to be can we really turn our backs on Libya again and Ross will be back on
