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hello thank you for tuning in today's presentation my name is tyler jenners and i'm the wildlife disease biologist and feral swine coordinator for usda wildlife services and today we're going to be talking about feral slime in this presentation we will be discussing five main topics the first what are feral swine the second why do we care about pharaoh's wine are they hurting anything we'll take a look at the history of ohio's feral swine program we'll also be looking at what usda wildlife services is doing to combat this highly invasive species and the last thing we'll look at potbelly pigs on the landscape and in urban environments so what are feral swine this definition can change from state to state the ohio administration says feral swine means any swine that has lived any part of its life through roaming as cut and dry as this definition may seem it still leaves some gray areas with certain types of pigs whether it's domestic escaped or potbelly pigs so what do ohio feral swine pigs actually look like majority of the general public don't even know that ohio actually has feral swine so do we have pigs that look like the southern half of the united states that have spots stripes and are multi-colored do we have pigs that are more that russian eurasian type style well you know the typical 90 of our pigs that we find ohio have that russian eurasian type look as in this picture you can see the dark fur tones that long kind of straight tail with a lot of fur on the end that really elongated snout and that really really stocky build this is the typical peg we find we have found in the past though several types of pigs whether they're kind of reddish color or even strep striped pigs and then we deal with domestic escapes which you know can vary from all sorts of different types of styles colors body sizes but in general this is the type of pig we'll be dealing with this daylight image provides a good example of the characteristics i described in the previous slide you can see the straight tail and the pig in the center and you can see the really elongated snout on the pig in the right now all three of these pigs have the long guard hairs and are very dark and featured other than the odd characteristic like i mentioned previously of the kind of reddish pig in the back which we typically do not see but is a good representation over all of the pigs we deal with on the landscape now compared to the feral swine typically domestic swine are going to have drastically different characteristics this one has a longer slender body you can't really see it in the back but has a curly tail not typical of feral swine or russian eurasian characteristics and has notched ears for identification and more of a shorter snout kind of a little bit flatter in the head and the next slide you'll see a better comparison between the two now this is a really good example extreme example but a good example to see the difference between typical domestic swine and the russian eurasian feral swine now you look at the one to left the big curvature in the forehead which is super flat all the way to a shortened snout as compared to the feral swine which is elongated and straight from the back of the cranium all the way to the tip of the nose and you'll typically see a little bit of variation in both of this both of these depending on the breed of the domestic swine and or the cross breeding of domestic swine and feral swine and we'll get a little bit of variation but this is basically what we're going to be seeing all swine have very similar hoof characteristics you can see the pad on the hoof is connected in the back and the overall shape creates a round almost circular track as compared to deer which is most uh commonly confused with deer have a more elongated track that comes to a more abrupt or sharp point and then also no connection in the pad in the back now we've talked a lot about different characteristics of swine and at the end of the day it doesn't really matter a pig is a pig it's a pig whether it's domestic escape domestics eurasian borer hybrid crosses and even pot belly pigs they're all from the same family now that we have an understanding of what feral swine are why do we care why do we care that they're running rapid through most of the us are they doing anything hurting anything these next several slides will be discussing just that to understand the problems of feral swine we first need to look at the reproduction now typically in the wild feral swine reached sexual maturity about six months of age or in the top right picture a little bit earlier than that gestation is three months three weeks and three days and typically in ohio we're seeing about two litters per year on average each litters produces about three to six piglets and in some cases we've seen as many as 12. now this is such a concern because in ohio feral swine have no natural predators and allows the population to grow exponentially and compete with native species for natural resources so now that we understand how a pig reproduces and we understand they reproduce a lot we need to look at exactly what a pig does and the first thing we'll take a look at is wallowing wallowing is done because swine cannot naturally produce sweat to cool their bodies off and so what they need is they need a seat a wet area a creek shallow creek or river bank where they can apply mud to their bodies to reduce their body temperatures at hot summer days well what this in turn does is it creates erosion as in this picture on the side of a hill it can erode creek banks river banks destroy riparian areas but also can act as a disease factor or a possible disease transmission area for other native species and livestock once swine are done walling they then create these things called mud rubs and it's exactly as the name sounds they usually go to small trees sometimes medium to large trees in close proximity to the wallows and they do this for two reasons they're rubbing their body down to remove large clumps of mud and hopefully to remove parasites off their bodies and they also do this for marking their territory now this has the potential for root exposure removal of bark and that stress does and can kill those trees now if you look at the left two pictures you're probably thinking someone just took a rototiller and tore up these guys yards well in fact it's what i would consider to be the staple of feral swine damage and that is rooting and that's when these pigs are taking their elongated snouts and pushing moving and flipping dirt to forge or possibly even dig deeper to find wet areas to wallow in and if you look at all three pictures you can see just how extensive this damage can be and it can create erosion problems it can create contamination disease vector possibilities or just do general property damage where these landowners have to consistently try to repair this just to maintain basic living and feral swine if not removed from the landscape we can continue to do this again and again and again this slide is a very good representation of just how extensive this routing damage can be and in this particular case these pigs actually dug 21 inches deep and you can see that this particular area is kind of a hayfield mixture but actually it's a power line right away and if you're talking about digging 21 inches deep you have the possibility to affect you know these power line or these infrastructures that are along these ways where these pigs are doing this extensive amount of damage feral swine also do extensive amount of damage to crop fields now the particular crop targeted varies from where you're at in the u.s whether it's a peanut field in georgia or in this particular case the crop field in southern ohio there's a lot going on in this particular slide and the main takeaway is that feral swine or swine in general have the potential to carry up to 30 different types of diseases and 37 different types of parasites that can affect pets livestock and even people and we're focusing on sampling for mainly three of them swine brucellosis classical swine fever and pseudorabies and we've also worked with organizations and universities to collect other samples that they're looking for something for a particular study now this slide may seem completely harmless just a couple pigs hanging out with a cow nothing to see here but what it's really showing is that feral swine do have the ability to come in contact with lifestyle and if diseases were to be transmitted and heard tested positive could have detrimental impact on the livestock industry and u.s trade around the world overall this highly invasive species has the potential to be detrimental to agricultural industries livestock industries compete and push out native species and transmit diseases to livestock wildlife pets and even people if they're not removed from the landscape feral swine as a whole do 1.5 billion dollars worth of damage each and every year in the united states before we discuss how we are combating feral swine we first will look at the history of the higher feral swine program in the beginning only disease surveillance was being conducted looking for swine brucellosis classical swine fever and pseudorabies it was until the following year where we first began removing feral swine with the help from landowners and responsible conservationists in 2014 the ohio feral swine elimination program began with initiation of the national fair swine program and today we have one wildlife disease biologist and six feral swine technicians combating feral swine all throughout the state we now are taking a look at our current high of feral swine population map the current populations we have in blue are covering roughly nine counties with the largest population being in vinton county in the eastern part of the state are feral swine elimination cells these cells were created before the initiation of the ohio feral swine elimination program these reports were neither confirmed or denied to have feral swine and currently are being investigated we've been able to remove one feral swine elimination cell already in morgan county and hope to have these removed within the next two years now that we have an understanding of the history of the ohio ferris wine program and where these feral swan populations are located we're going to be talking about combating feral swine frail swine are extremely elusive nocturnal animals that have the ability to move six miles in a single night we've also recognized that these animals are seasonally moving where food availability is most abundant making them extremely difficult to locate and remove off the landscape we have found the best method for removing feral swine to be the use of the large corral traps these coral traps have eight foot wide gates that are then linked to the cellular camera and the picture on the right hand side that cellular camera then has the ability to send us text messages to our cell phones once the camera sends the photos to our cell phones we then have the ability to view the trap in real time this is done for several reasons as the previous methods with a trip trigger were set off every single time by anything whether it was a deer or a single pig educating any pigs that were inside the track this camera and this system allows us to send text message and communicate with that camera to whether to drop the trap or not drop the trap 365 days a year as i mentioned we have the ability not to drop the trap now with this system whether it's domestic dogs white-tailed deer or even cattle getting in the trap we can avoid unnecessary trap and stress on these animals with this particular system this slide provides a series of photos showing the trapping sequence using this remote trigger system the first photo in the top left hand corner shows that pigs are starting to enter the trap but there are still a few on the outside the next photo in the top right shows that majority of the pigs are in the trap but still one is right at the gate threshold the bottom left photo shows that finally all pigs are within the trap and we can then send the command to trigger the gate once the gate is dropped even within two minutes the pig's already back to feeding like we mentioned previously this has been the most effective method for removing feral swine for ohio program now we're going to transition over to potbelly pigs now this has been a growing type of concern as we get more and more of these cases and it's a super gray area you know at the beginning of the presentation i talked about the definition of feral swine and you know pigs walking down the street or pigs in the middle of a pasture they're outside of captivity and technically they're classified as feral swine but dealing with that we need to understand what exactly we can do to help find people that have maybe have a lost pet or you know what do you do when you're walking down the city streets of columbus and you come across a pot belly pig running down the street we're going to talk a little bit about all that and uh and how we're doing everything we can to make sure we're doing the right things when dealing with potbelly pigs i first want to talk about pot belly pigs and more of the rural environment now these pigs end up out in about in two two relativity ways each time either one is the landowner down the road who had either poor fencing or the fence broke and the pigs wandered off the second is people intentionally releasing the pigs because they can no longer handle them and we're seeing some of that and what it is is a lot of times people buy a pot belly pig thinking it's going to be a miniature pig or something they can handle and even an urban environment and it turns out that's not the case and they can't handle them anymore so they release them but either case we find that these pigs can still do and conduct serious damage we've had we've seen it before in agricultural fields doing crop damage or in pasture fields like in these photos these pigs have the ability to root do damage they can cause damage to the cattle whether they break the leg in the rooting or cause other serious issues but the main thing is we have to deal with these still they still have to be treated in some manner or the solution has to be found and we work with multitude of stakeholders high department agriculture how division wildlife and local law enforcement to come up with the best method to handle these pigs whether it's getting them back to the landowner making sure their fences are in compliance and working and sound or whether it's actually having to remove these pigs out the landscape because they truly have become a feral population that's roaming around so dealing with potbelly pigs in an urban environment and like i said in the situation before we want to make sure we're handling these situations in the proper manner a lot of the times you see or you hear about the success stories of sushi q getting a pot belly pig back and everyone's all smiles well that definitely could be the case and a lot of times in urban environments you see where pigs or these pot belly pigs escape from a landowner or in a backyard that's meant for a dog or rooted out whatever the case may be you know you could also have potential releases but i always recommend no matter what animal you're dealing with or if you come across don't try to capture it or handle it even if it knows it may seem friendly there's still potential dangers you know you might come across a pig that may be a little more aggressive always call the local authorities and we can go down the proper chain of command and handle the situation the best way we see fit whether it's giving it back to the landowner or getting it back to the possible you know humane society to be re-homed either way stay safe and don't handle any of these pigs call the local authorities i want to thank you guys for listening on this presentation it's been a pleasure i hope you gained some knowledge from it and please save all your questions i know we have a q a at the end of the conference so please write down all your questions and i'll be available to talk about anything you want if you need any help or assistance you can always call our state office at 614-993-3444