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FAQs
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How do you feel at Infosys?
Good in terms of facilities and infrastructure. Bad in terms of HR and managers at senior level.Here is the story of my friend who faced so many difficulties.we will call that person X.Person X was about to leave the company so to know about resignation process person X went to HR and ask her about all the things.Now X was under probation period.After X went to HR and ask her about resignation process, one day X got a call from HR . HR wanted to meet X. X went to HR and there HR asked the reason of resignation. X told her the reason. After that HR asked X to resign right now and pay the bon...
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What industries must use electronic signature software?
Any industry involving a large amount of paperwork make use electronic signatures. In other words, all industries make use of electronic signatures because all of them have piles of paperwork to handle. Some examples of such industries include financial, life science, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.Industries such as the pharmaceutical industry, have a number of licenses and other paperwork that they have to handle and keep track of. It can be a tedious task to perform such cumbersome paper processes. Therefore, e-signatures can facilitate an organisation in keeping a track of all this paperwork, by signing electronically.Healthcare industries usually involve time-sensitive documents, which need to be urgently completed. But, it can take days in case of the traditional wet ink paper signatures for the documents to signNow the signer and back, if the parties are geographically scattered. But with electronic signatures, that is not the case. Geographical barriers do not play a role. Documents which earlier needed days to be completed, can now be signed and sent back within minutes, in the click of a button. Furthermore, it takes a long time to bring assets under management. The time taken by the signing process, if wet ink paper signatures are used, may even further delay the process. But by using electronic signatures, the whole process can speed up.Apart from these, there are many paper prone industries which require huge amount of paperwork and with the use of electronic signatures they can make their everyday processes smoother and more efficient.
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What are the coolest European seed or early stage startups in January 2012?
There are two websites that track Danish Startups: http://www.it-startups.dk/ and http://startuphq.dk/ I have been working on a list for Denmark - but I have included both early stage and more mature startups. Most of the descriptions are what pops up in Google when you google their name (wikipedia or website descriptions) - others are provided directly by the companies themselves while compiling this list: Xiive - Compare, visualize and track brands across social media. (Full disclosure: I'm the CEO of Monzoom, the company behind xiive.com)Podio - Online work platform for collabo...
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What is the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh and what purpose does it serve?
The Accord on Fire and Building Safety in BangladeshBuilding StandardTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Part 1 Scope and Definitions..............................................................................................................2 Part 2 Administration and Enforcement...............................................................................................3 Part 3 General Building Requirements.................................................................................................4 Part 4 Fire Protection Construction....................................................................
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What is your review of Xavier Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship (XIME)?
From my blog happybschoolerXIME - The AestheticsRankings: One of the first things XIME-B students/alumni identify themselves with, is its ranking. There are about 4000 odd B-Schools in India (Some other sources say it’s within 3500) and a handful are being opened every year. XIME-B students/alumni are happy to know that XIME is ranked from 12th to 35th across the several B-School rankings. The validity of these rankings may be questioned if only a few rating sites happened to give these ratings. However, many famous Indian ratings sites and a considerable amount of foreign sites (Like Eduniversal) have also rated XIME-B. Even if we consider that XIME-B is #35, it means being in the top 1% of B-Schools in the country. We’re not better than our big brother XLRI. We’re certainly not in the league of the plethora of successful old IIMs. We’re definitely a few sprints behind TAPMI or other colleges in its vicinity. But trust you me, we’re getting there. For a B-School which is only 25-years old, we’re already in the track with the big players.Identity: Many people in India don’t know the brand XIME, true. This is only because XIME does not advertise a lot. We’re not the kind of B-School that has to constantly remind the world that they exist by thrusting themselves on to whatever media they can advertise in (You know what kind of B-Schools I’m talking about). Doing so only passes on the advertising cost to the students in the form of ever-increasing college fee. XIME’s tuition fee is considerably low for a B-School of its cadre and the year-on-year increase is also very nominal. In some years, it doesn’t increase at all. Of late, we too have started with digital advertising. We have to face the reality that an increasing amount of the population is going online everyday. But the promotion is, by large, student-driven and the focus is still on protecting the future aspirants from a heavy load of fees.Discipline: Yes, the attendance requirement is 100% (Okay, not quite, read through). And yes, being late to class, even by 5 minutes, is frowned upon. Now imagine that you’re a mid-level manager in your dream company. The company wants you to check in at 9:00 AM sharp everyday and does not want you to miss a single working day (Because the role you play in the company is substantially important). Would you go anonymous and write a blog about how cruel your boss is? No, you won’t. So, why the raised eyebrows when the same happens in a B-School, which is anyway one of the corner-stones of a successful corporate life? That being said, students do get APs for sickness (With proof), participation in outside competitions (With permission) and other valid reasons. If you miss a class because you felt like taking a day off or were too lazy to get up in the morning, then yes, you lose attendance (And marks). Besides, this is Management Education we’re talking about here. Missing a class means missing out on understanding an important part of the syllabus, regardless of how small it is. Remember, good habits are hard to learn and easy to forget. But bad habits are easy to learn and tend to stick around for a very long time. Discipline is part of the learning process in Management Education. Any B-School which chooses to ignore this, is either too big to fail or blissfully ignorant of its negative side-effects in the long run.Attrition: Yes, there is a considerable amount of attrition among the staff. This is largely due to the fact that the students hold substantial power in the firing of staff members. Every semester, two feedback forms are filled by the students (That makes it six for a year), where students rate teachers. This rating is taken seriously by the management, so much so that staff getting a consistently bad rating are shortlisted to be fired at the end of the year (The actual firing, I’m safely assuming, happens after a thorough review by the President). Regardless of this fact, the staff are indeed very knowledgeable in their field of study. We have former alumni of IIM-A, IIM-B, IIM-C, XLRI and other premier B-Schools in India as professors. Many of our visiting faculty have prolonged corporate exposure and some are even educated at Ivy League colleges like Harvard and Stanford. It’s just that the method of teaching varies from one faculty to the other. Hence, there is inevitably varied opinions among the students. I recall here the quote of the character Morticia Addams from the movie The Addams Family: “What is normal for the spider is chaos for the fly.”International Tour: The international tour is a once-in-a-lifetime experience that nobody should miss. Additionally, since the students will be going in huge numbers, there will be a considerable percentage of discount. You cannot even dream of covering 6-7 European countries in a budget of Rs. 1.3 to Rs. 1.5 lakhs if you choose to go on a tour by yourself some time in the future. And know that this is the last chance you have of being a ‘student-in-your-teens’. Money can always be earned back. But experiences once missed cannot be lived again. In the end, that’s what life boils down to: a series of experiences.International Tie-Ups: XIME is among the very few B-Schools in India that boasts a wide range of International Tie-Ups. While most of these tie-ups are for research purposes, the students also get their fair share of benefits. The primary among the tie-ups is with the BRICS B-School Association founded by our very own Professor Philip. Every year, student representatives from all of the BRICS Countries – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, gather in any one of these countries for a grand showdown of cultural, sports and debate skills. This tour is often semi-sponsored by the college, which is great. The multi-cultural interaction is the best part about this opportunity. Talking about multi-cultural interaction, Audencia Business School, located in Nantes, France is a premier B-School which is ranked in the worldwide Top 100 B-School list every year. Audencia offers a ‘Winter Program’ ever year, which is inclusive of classroom sessions on a range of Management subjects, industrial visits, institutional visits and city tours. Every year, about 20-25 students of XIME are selected and sent to Audencia. The selection process includes screening based on CGPA and a personal interview by the staff. Audencia’s Winter Program would be considered as an alternative for both the SUPA and International Tour. Since the program is a little longer than the International Tour, the students may be asked to pay up extra (But it is, of course worth paying up for). The other opportunity is the Internship Program at University of Redlands, California, USA. This is a marketing-only (Marketing Research, specifically) internship offered by the University of Redlands, CA, USA. The selection process here is rather simple. The university send the requirements, the students apply and the university selects the students they want to host. This offer is especially lucrative, as it includes a big fat stipend. That is to say, if you manage your expense, you can save up to one lakh while returning to India! And every year, XIME keeps on increasing its string of tie-ups around the world (The latest one being the tie-up with the University of Pepperdine, USA for entrepreneurship promotion activities).Placements: The placement policy of any good B-School is drafted after thorough consideration by the board members (Who happen to be esteemed individuals and leaders of the society). They have no reason to put their, or anyone’s interests before the students’. Companies, regardless of whether they’re called in early or late, already have a defined set of roles they’re willing to offer to the college they’re recruiting from. Same goes to the range of salary packages offered. The placement figures mentioned in the website are not inflated, contrary to popular belief. By the way, it’s crazy how many B-Schools compete with one another to push placement dates earlier and earlier every year. What’s next? Students get placed at the end of the first year itself?Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurship is a key focus area in XIME. We have a dedicated student body for Entrepreneurship (Empressario Club) which conducts regular workshops and hosts sessions with some of the bright entrepreneurial minds in the country. XIME is also willing to help students gather funds from Angel Investors for their business ideas. But of course, the student has to take the first step here and should be persistent enough to see his idea through to fruition. Also, XIME’s ‘Incubation Centre’ is also functional. The Incubation Center works as an office space for budding startups. I can proudly say that students of my batch (Batch 21) are among the first to volunteer to work with startups during their critical early months, providing assistance in Finance, Operations and Marketing. The day is not far when some of the most innovative startups make it out of XIME’s Entrepreneurial laboratory. XIME is also among the first few B-Schools in India to celebrate the Entrepreneurial spirit via an “E-Week” every year, which has talks, workshops, contests and an internship fair, where students who are willing to work with startups are taken up as interns. A note of warning about working in startups: They require tireless work, which means working 12-14 hours a day for possibly 6 days a week. But on the positive side, the roles offered in start ups are phenomenal and if the start up becomes a success, your career graph literally jumps (One can hope to become a functional head in a matter of 5-7 years).Diversity: Diversity is the watch-word of good B-Schools. But XIME perhaps plays it up a notch. Rightfully described as “little India”, every batch of XIME contains students from all over the country, with students hailing from at least 14-15 states and speaking different native languages. Gender diversity is also very much there. In our batch, there are almost as much girls as there are boys (I remember President sir mentioning once that the lowest percentage of girls in XIME in any batch was 42%. And the highest was in Batch 22: 63%). The fresher/work-ex mix is also almost 50-50. And so are other factors such as age group and educational background diverse. Every XIME batch is an eclectic mix of students who are truly representative of the society in which they will foster.Curfew: Yes, girls are asked to get into their rooms earlier than the boys (Currently, the time limit is 09:00 PM), but it is only for their own safety. I cannot talk for the girls, but I assume that most of them would agree. The college is responsible to the parents of the students. Seeing as how it is a residential program, hostels are second homes for the period that they here. Would you riot against your parents if they asked you to get back home by 10:00 PM? They probably have, at times. The wardens and the guards have a similar kind of responsibility. Boys, however, can rejoice. They can enter the hostel campus at any time. But of course, entering the hostel one too many times at odd hours will attract the attention of the warden. If you’re friendly with the guards, they may cut you some slack, but that’s about it.Cut-Off: The cut-off of Entrance Exams are usually used to filter candidates. The level of filtering required is determined by the college. Just because the cut off is low does not mean that sub-par students get into the institute easily. To quote an example, in 2015, TAMPI’s cut-off for CAT/XAT was 80%le. For a college of their cadre, it may seem quite low. But their selection process is very rigorous and they make sure they select only those students whom they think are fit for their institute. The same can be said of XIME.XIME: The EnvironmentSport Facilities: XIME has a gym room for both boys and girls inside the hostels. The gym rooms also serves as the common room for students to hang out in (In their respective hostels, of course) and watch TV (Yes, there is a TV in the gym room). The boys’ hostel campus has: A small ground to play cricket/football, a place to play badminton, a place to play tennis and two table-tennis tables (In the gym room). XIME’s sports club also conducts Chess competitions every year, in case anyone’s interested. The main campus has: A small basketball court, a place to play badminton and a snooker table.Main Campus Facilities: The library is compact, but contains several books on varied topics (Mostly Non-fiction books), management reports (These are good, XIME subscribes even to the Harvard Business Review), magazines and newspapers (Good ones like Business Line, The Economic Times, Mint etc). The Empressario Club of XIME runs an ‘E-Shop’ in the main campus, which is basically a stationery shop and also has photo-copiers and scanners (They also have a few stock of chips and biscuits). There is no canteen, as such, but there’s a small snack stall near the staff mess, which sells out almost everyday. And of course, there are also other facilities like a computer lab, auditoriums (A small, old one in the first floor and a giant, modern one in the second floor) and presentation rooms present in the main campus.Hostels: The hostels rooms, invariably, are three-sharing (One or two rooms may end up being two-sharing). There is also 24×7 hot water facility. Three cots, three beros and three study tables will be provided in the room. Rest of the items necessary are to be procured by the students. The rooms will be cleaned once in a week by the maids. If there are any complaints with the rooms (Electrical or physical), the same can be written down in the complaints register. Complaints are usually treated within a week by the warden.Food: There is a Mess Committee consisting of students, who decide the menu the students get to eat. The members and the menus they decide are generally representative of the batch. As in, if the batch has a lot of South Indian people, the mess committee will be a bit biased towards South Indian food (Vice Versa for North Indian food and all others). But in any case, the menu will almost always consist of Roti, Rice and Dal as the common items. Any changes in the menu or related mess complaints is to be communicated to the Mess Committee representatives and they’ll see to it. There are several hotels in and around Electronics City as well, ranging from roadside stalls, bakeries, cafes, pizza shops (You can order Pizza to the hostel from Domnios’, obviously) to hotels and restaurants, just in case you want to try something else. I’d personally suggest Momos and Katti Rolls for light and Biriyani for heavy food as specialities in Electronics City, if you’re eating outside.Clubs: XIME has 8 Clubs: Finitiative (Finance), XOps (Operations), MarkXIME (Marketing), HRUday (HR), XSeed (Social), Empressario (Entrepreneurship), the Sports Club and the Cultural Club. XIME also has its own Rotary wing. Clubs are run by seniors and juniors combined and Club activities occur throughout the year.B-Fests and Contests: The prominent part of any management education is participating in B-Fests and Contests across the country. There is no dearth of those in XIME. The Students’ Activity Co-Ordinator will float a Google form every time an event invitation is received. Students can then nominate themselves and their friends (In case of a team event). The final selection of participants will be done by the college and the same will be sent to participate on behalf of XIME. The registration fee, however steep, will be provided by the college. But the transportation cost has to be borne by the students. In case the overall trophy (If any) is won, it is usually given to the college as a sign of gratitude. Rightfully, XIME boasts the position of reigning champions or runner-up in a number of B-Fests and Contests across the country. A quick note: Participation in outside competitions, especially B-Fests, are highly recommended. Not only does it add value to your resume, but it drastically improves your capability to work in teams (A necessity in the corporate environment), creative-thinking, problem-solving and extroversion (As you’ll learn in your first trimester, one of the most prominent trait in a successful manager or leader). Besides, the judges and chief guests of such kind of events are usually big shots in the corporate machine. Networking with them translates to loads and loads of opportunities. Smart students get their Internships or even Final Placements through B-Fests and Contests.Elocution: The skill of communication is considered paramount in XIME. And rightfully so. Corporate success, as per several famous surveys, is almost always attributed to some sort of skill related to communication i.e. the power of influencing others. Throughout the year, several conferences, guest speeches and speech competitions will be held in XIME, so much so that many students accustomed to it. In fact, even while Deans and Directors of premier B-Schools across the country are expressly worried about the deteriorating articulation skills of their students, XIME has no qualms in that regard. XIME students win many oration-based competitions in B-Fests across the country (Notably, XIME has won the annual national level speech competition conducted by the Madras Management Association thrice in a row).Overall, life at XIME is good. And the environment is carefully crafted so as to allow students to receive the full length of Management Education. You will always hear a lot of complaints, even from the alumni and the seniors. But that’s what people do, don’t they? They complain. The most prominent complaint is about the lengthy classroom sessions (Each class is 70 minutes long), in addition to the compulsory guest speaker/event sessions. But as President sir himself put it once, “90% of your success depends on what do you do outside the class. But to understand what ought to be done outside, you will have to listen inside.”And I’ll let you in on a secret. Marks don’t matter a lot (Emphasis on a lot). They do matter to some extent. If anything, higher CGPAs in the first and second terms will provide you a big cushion for the rest of the terms. But marks do not translate to higher salary packs, better profiles or success in life. I’ve personally seen people with mediocre CGPAs get placed in above-average salaries in Day 0, while the TTP (Top Ten Percentile) struggle to get placed for a long time into the placement season. You get to be the lucky one if you’ve positively transformed yourself (As a person, as an employee, or an entrepreneur) during your time in the college.A final word. I highly suggest that you read the story behind the inception of XIME. If you can, search online and explore the topic further. Get to know why President sir, who was successfully spearheading the development of IIM-B as the “next best thing” took a pause and built this dream institute instead. President sir’s promise to his daughter will be delivered. XIME will persist.Edit: If you haven’t noticed, this answer was written several years back. I have been getting messages every year during admissions season. If you are in need of an up-to-date review of XIME, I strongly suggest that you signNow out to someone just out of the college or someone who’s still studying there.
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What is a career in SEO and SMO?
Wish to work in SEO? Will SEO be a good career choice for you?Career in SEOIn today’s post, I thought I’d delve into SEO career opportunities and tackle such question for the advantage of those entering in the SEO field, to help manage them in their investigation of the (possibly) most lucrative and exciting universe of SEO.I have met many people while working in this industry and solicited a couple of them how they would suggest about starting their career in SEO. In the event that you are enthusiastic about internet marketing and need a job in SEO, read a portion of the tips my fellow SEO associate has shared-It’s the same old story, but I got into SEO almost by accident. I was lucky enough to study the excellent Digital Marketing course at Manchester Metropolitan University conducted by David Edmunson-Bird. Being a bit of a geek anyway and seeing the clear opportunities in digital I showed real passion in the subject and David responded by helping to guide my focus, teaching me, and eventually introducing me to Simon Wharton at PushON who I went on to get my first graduate job. I have those two to thank for where I am today. – Ned Poulter, Online Marketing Manager at Miinto.Relatively very few individuals study SEO at University.Most of the people who work in SEO are the individuals who “fell” into this profession, and started their career accidently. Some way or the other, they stumbled upon SEO as their career because of- either the sheer thrill or the curiosity or the popularity of SEO career opportunities.Practically every little or huge businesses that have a site is currently putting resources into SEO to get best positioning in Google search results. Career in SEO in India is becoming popular and in the event that you see the history and recent ads on prominent job portals, you will find that requirement for SEO experts in India is becoming regular.My aim is not to disclose to you the right job boards to watch; it is to reveal you the things, an internet marketing company is searching for in a basic-level SEO. In addition, I’ll update you with best tips to choose a SEO career path that ensures great career growth in SEO.Let’s delve into the details of how to make career in SEO in India-Why to Choose SEO as Your Career1. Great Demand of SEO ServicesWith an increase in the demand of Search Engine Optimization services, employment opportunities in the industry are likewise expanding. Presently, when online businesses have expanded in number and doing awesome business, a specialist SEO has turned into the need of the organizations. Consequently, you can expect more openings for work in the Internet Marketing industry.2. A LOT of individuals are recognized internationally because of their Search Engine Optimization SEO CareersThere are professionals who have successfully used SEO career opportunities and recognized as internet marketing experts all across the world. The rundown is too long to be cited here yet a portion of the names incorporates- Rob from Blackwood Productions, Rand Fishkin from SEO Moz, Jill Wahlen from High Rankings, and numerous others.3. Search Engine Experts earn Good MoneyCompensation for SEO professionals is equivalent to or much higher than that of engineers, developers, architects, designers, marketers and advertisers. Pay rates over Rs.25+lacs/annum are not an exception for SEO experts in India. As a solo SEO expert, you can even make more profit. All freelance sites have job opportunities in SEO and getting offers like $40+/Hr would not be far away if you are known as an expert in SEO in India.4. Just Web–Designing is not sufficientTruth be told, intelligent customers expect that when they contract some individual to make their site, the site should be SEO-friendly. Therefore, on the off chance that you are great as both- a Web Designer and a SEO Expert; you will for sure be an asset for your company. Need of having search engine friendly sites creates scope of SEO friendly web designers.5. Next Step for Advertising or Marketing Professionals is SEOThe Web has changed the way organizations work together, so to some degree today’s advertisers and marketers need to know some SEO information if they want to be successful in their marketing career. SEO career scope is also quite beneficial for language specialists.How SEO in India has emerged as a CareerAccording to a study by ASSOCHAM, Indian E-commerce Industry has crossed $38B Mark in 2016According to a Jan 2016 report by GroupM, online Ad Spend in India has crossed Billion Dollars in 2016The booming prevalence of E-commerce industry in India is directly proportional to the popularity of internet marketing, and for businesses to optimize their online presence; it has become must to have good ranking in SERPs (Search Engine Result Pages)- which is the territory of an SEO expert.In past, SEO was not a profession choice. Web designers and website admins used to optimize their sites for search engines. They used to take after some simple techniques and Google used to demonstrate their site in its top search results. SEO was not troublesome in past when Google was having exceptionally basic algorithm. In any case, soon, Google began to improve its algorithm and getting site in Google got to be troublesome for website admins.As we know each problem comes with an opportunity, so this one too became an opportunity and gave a rise to SEO career path. Since, web designers and site owner were searching for experts who can get their site on first page of Google and a few people who knew the trap began giving services to improve ranking of sites to be on the first page of Google.Hence, SEO is not simply career, it is an amalgamation of various skills that search-professionals use to get site on the first page of search engines like Google or Bing.Reasons behind increase in the Scope of SEO in IndiaIncreased utilization of search engines to search for information on webLarge brand publicists are utilizing SEO effectively in India and InternationallyTraditional or Direct advertisers are progressively embracing SEOGrowth in the quantity of local search requests with mobile web searchesOrganic SEO listings on Google search result pages are more dependable than AdsGoogle is quick in advancing and making demographic targeted and geo targeted search results possibleCouple of Indian SEO Experts of International ReputeNeil Patel: Neil Patel began his first organization at 16 years old, he has been perceived as a main 100 entrepreneur under the age of 30 by then USA President Obama. He has helped huge corporations, for example, AOL, General Motors, Hewlett-Packard and Viacom in taking full advantages of the web.Dharmesh Shah: Dharmesh Shah is the Chief Technology Officer and Founder of HubSpot. HubSpot is a marketing automation software company and one of the key defenders of “Inbound Marketing”. With HubSpot, organizations get an across the board marketing solutions- blogging, online networking, analytics, email, automation and more.What skills are required to go on a SEO Career Path in IndiaAs I’ve said earlier, SEO is a blend of technique and science, so on the off chance that you originate from the Science Background and are technically skilled, SEO can enhance your CV by making you connect with the practical part of the business. SEO career path in India will be quite befitting, beneficial and equally convenient for you.In the event that you originate from the Art/Commerce Background, then SEO may show up somewhat complicated because of the requirements of some basic technical skills. However, good news for you is that – most technical parts of SEO are anything but difficult to learn and actualize- which means individuals from Art/Commerce Background can also appreciate good job opportunities in SEO.Online industry is becoming regular and SEO is playing an imperative part in conveying the visitors to the site and every one of the organizations are spending an immense amount of money in SEO. It’s a standout amongst the most eventful territories that increases SEO demand in India and hence there are a decent number of job opportunities in SEO.SEO career path has a brilliant future for you in the event that you have awesome analytical aptitudes. You have to stay aware of the most recent SEO updates, have enthusiasm for research and have the capacity to design smart and inventive marketing strategy to beat your rival, and have an edge over all others.Job Categories/Designations related to SEO Career Path in IndiaA signNow number of the SEO/SEM firms, especially the bigger firms, have representatives in these job/categories:Organic Search Engine OptimizationLocal SEO ExpertSEO Guarantee ExpertSocial Media AnalystOffline Marketing/AdvertisingPublic Relations/Reputation ManagementLink BuildingPaid Search/PPC ManagementSEO ResellersSEO Career Scope as a Freelancer/ EntrepreneurHere are a few tips for those looking to choose SEO career path as a Freelancer in SEO in India–By collaborating with website designer of Web Design Companies as their customers regularly require SEO services.Attend conferences and meet individuals in the internet marketing industry.Social networking sites, for example, Log In or Sign Up are great spots to meet individuals who require SEO/SEM administrations.Offer free or trial SEO services to construct confide in your business. Follow verbal referrals.You should try to attend SEO workshops in your city as they offer great networking opportunities.Use Freelance Portals like- Upwork, WorknHire, Freelancer, Guru, Craiglist, etc.Certification & Training for choosing SEO Career Path in IndiaAt present, there is no official governing body for the SEO in India and there are no settled standards to follow.Be that as it may, a few reputed institutions have begun to offer International Certification for SEO. Taking these courses can upgrade your resume.Digital Vidya gives Advanced Search Engine Optimization Certification, which is acknowledged and respected by top MNCs and other IT organizations in India and abroad as well.What amount does SEO professionals earn in India?In Asian nations like India, the normal compensation for SEO is in the middle of Rs 3.0 lacs – Rs7.0 lacs for every year.On an average, salary of a fresher SEO in India begins from Rs. 20,000.000 every month to Rs. 25,000.00 every month. One can acquire more than Rs. 50,000.00/month following 4 to 5 years of experience. However, like other job fields; the pay relies upon different diverse variables like No. of years of Experience, Certification, Educational Qualification, Employer Type, Company Size, City and so forth.There are a huge number of job opportunities in SEO and a considerable lot of the sets of responsibilities incorporate involvement in search marketing, analytics and SMO. Requirement for both basic level and experienced SEO/SEM experts will develop until search engines exist in this world.Having skills like, Google Analytics, Google Adwords and Content marketing will help you win more pay which may extend from Rs.50,000.00 to Rs.1.5 lacs/month relying upon your training, position and organization you are working with.In the event that you turn into a Freelance SEO expert + Content Writer + Blogger and Affiliate Marketer, you can gain great looking sum and appreciate better than average way of life.How to find best SEO JobsIn the event that you are a fresher, then Chennai, New Delhi, Bangalore, Mumbai, and Kolkata are great urban communities for search engine optimization careers. Some of the best job opportunities in SEO can be found on Log In or Sign Up as the vast majority of these occupations are through referrals. In addition-The SEMPO Job Board posts an assortment of web search engine optimization related job opportunitiesThe DMA Career Center publicizes a substantial number of employment opportunities in SEO/SEM. You can seek by keywords and additionally by area and employment titles.The well-known job board Indeed gives a site page dedicated to accessible SEO in India Jobs.Twitter gives convenient messages about SEO demand in India.Simply Hired offers a site page concentrated on SEO jobs.SEOmoz records SEO related employments. The website page incorporates various job categories.com gives search engine job postings. You can easily look by job titles.Future of SEO Demand in IndiaToday, SEO has developed as a hot job opportunity, and demand for SEO experts is going to constantly increase because of the increment in digital awareness, prevalence of Smart Phones, developing online Competition, expanding web and mobile users in India.Fate of SEO is Safe. Search engine optimization will stay as prominent profession alternative until individuals will utilize search engines.As a result of growing SEO demand in India, many graduates and website specialists are learning SEO to fabricate their profession. Yes, it might turn out to be more troublesome for new individuals to enter in SEO vocation with restricted abilities. On the off chance that you are considering beginning your career in SEO, it’s a great opportunity to take decision and act now accordingly.Never forget that, SEO continues evolving. You should continue refreshing your insight about SEO, Marketing, and Algorithm changes and so on.ConclusionAs I stated, SEO is not only a profession choice; SEO is an important must have skill, which will help you assemble your career in Digital Marketing successfully. SEO career path is a piece of internet marketing which is developing in India quickly.Learning SEO is great start for your career in the event that you are passionate about marketing, sites, blogging, social media, analytics and adapting to new aptitudes. Best part about SEO is you don’t require high capability, what you need is passion, logic, sound judgment, patience and commitment.Recent analysis proves that SEO is essential for producing leads, it will stay critical for advertising channel in generating new clients and converting them. More organizations will put their marketing budget in SEO, which will generate more demand for adept SEO experts in India.Have any doubts about SEO? Want to learn more about Career Growth in SEO? -Meet me in comments.
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What is Alexa Answers and what sociological and anthropological insights can be drawn by the questions?
What is Alexa Answers and what sociological and anthropological insights can be drawn by the questions?I have been conducting a statistical study of Alexa Answers [1] and what I found is quite astonishing. This results have a robustly impacts understanding of how people use Voice First [2] devices like Alexa from an anthropological, sociological and business perspective.Specimen of Alexa Answers Control Panel.Empirical Research Study On Alexa AnswersI was commissioned to conduct this research by a notable and very astute Sand Hill Road Venture Capital group. My report was a—mouthful with over 600 pages including some relatively unknown and somewhat obscure patent references. I have asked and was granted permission to post some of the insights as an answer to this Quora Question and have deep gratitude to them for allowing me to share a study that they paid very generously for. They agreed with me that there is an undiscovered continent ahead with how people are using Voice First devices at scale to not only surface hundreds of new business plans, based on the questions received by Alexa, but also a window into how people are using Alexa. We also have a window in to the human factors and phycology of interacting with a device that is conducting a limited anthropomorphic conversation in their home.I come to this subject from an interesting and somewhat biased perspective. I have been a top writer at Quora [3] for about 8 years and my work there was published at HuffPost, Slate, Forbes, Apple News, Gizmodo, Newsweek, Inc, Daily Mail, and Business Insider. Thus I not only know the power and utility of Question and Answer sites (Q & A), I also feel rather strongly Quora has continued to not only define the category but also continues to innovate at a rapid pace.This is a concatenation of a report that is ~600 pages. The report had a number of other goals other then to present how Alex Answers works. As with most of my commissioned reports I identify typically multi-billion dollar startup opportunities and true Clayton Christensen disruption, if this is indicated. I have isolated the elements related to Alexa Answers and Q & A Sites in general and how they are vitally important to the next 50 years in computer I call the Voice First revolution [4].History of Q and ATo understand how Alexa Answers in the context of current Q & A systems we will need to digress to surface fundamentally important aspects of successful systems. This is vitally important if the answering community survives and thrives. As we will explore, this is not a certainty.The Straight DopeThe first elements of the modern Q & A system was decidedly not technical but very popular, The Straight Dope newspaper column was first published in 1973 and syndicated around the US. The popularity was partly based on the obscurity of questions asked snd the detailed and creative way they were answered. In many cases the average person cold have looked up the question in a home encyclopedia or local library. Yet there was the element of how columnist Cecil Adams and illustrator Slug Signorino captivated and educated their regular growing reader base. The Straight Dope was still published up to June, 2018 when it started what may be a permanent hiatus.The Usenet OracleIn The Usenet Oracle was a 1989 attempt at the first Internet based Q & A site using a humorous Socratic style, it became a very popular pre-web area to find answers to questions that when completed were called an Oracularity. This established a sort of passive-aggressive answering style that today dominates all parts of the Internet today. Usenet, because it was text based and primarily used by people that worked in the computer and software industry using a 300-1200 baud modem helped progress the terse passive-aggressive Socratic style. For many reasons the Oracle fell out of use. One reason was the rise of the World Wide Web. Another reason was the culture of the community just about chased out any answerer that did not adopt the terse passive-aggressive Socratic style.ProfNetBy 1996 the commercialization of Q & A sites started with the launch of PR Newswire’s site called ProfNet, an online community of communications professionals made to provide reporters access to expert sources. Although I did read The Straight Dope and attended to Usenet nightly, I see my real first Q & A experience with ProfNet, where I answered 100s of questions centered around technology, payments and small businesses primarily. The site was used by reporters, lawyers and a fascinating array of government institutions where to this day, I still do not know what they do and found it important not to ask. The site ended as other professional experts sites surfaced at a lower price point and aimed directly to either reporters or the legal field.Google Question And AnswersIn the intervening years there were many segmented and subject matter focused Q & A sites that spring up and shuttered. Until 2001 with the start of Google Question And Answers was started. This service involved Google staffers answering questions by e-mail for a flat fee $3.00. It was fully functional for about 24 hours, after which it was shut down, possibly due to excessive demand and the tough competition from Yahoo. Determined, Google Answers was launched in April 2002. A month later, a search feature was added so users could read question and answer pairs.By late November 2006 Google reported that it planned to permanently shut down the service. The reason “We considered many factors in signNowing this difficult decision, and ultimately decided that the Answers community's limited size and other product considerations made it more effective for us to focus our efforts on other ways to help our users find information.” Keep this reason in mind as it turns out to be rather important. The culture of the community began to decay over time for many reasons.Answer.comAnswer.com and sister site WikiAnswers started as an idealab project (and Answer . Com domain name) in 1996. Initially questions and answers were displayed through a downloadable software product, today known as 1-Click Answers. The product was launched as a free product in 1999. Beginning in 2003 it was sold to users on a perpetual license base and later as an annual subscription. The service suffered from a lack of proficient and quality answers and less then a very low customer base. By 2010 Answer.com launched its alpha version of a Twitter-answering service nicknamed 'Hoopoe.' When tweeting a question to the site's official Twitter account: AnswersDotCom, an automatic reply is given with a snippet of the answer and a link to the full answer page on the Answers website. The service suffered from a lack of use.Yahoo AnswersBy 2005 Yahoo established the first sustainable model to the modern Q & A site to some degree. The concept was simple: Yahoo Answers was a community-driven Q & A site or “a knowledge market” that allows users to both submit questions to be answered and answer questions asked by other users. This gave questioners and answers an equal footing. It turns out there are some people that are great at posing questions, some are rather fascinating and other people are great at either first person knowledge on the subject matter of the question or excel at researching an effective answer. Yahoo Answers had an early limited use version answered by Yahoo employees and contract workers called Ask Yahoo, but this had very little use and exposure.Yahoo established a standard in rights ownership: though the service itself is free, the contents of the answers were owned by the respective users. Yahoo maintained a non-exclusive royalty-free worldwide right to publish the information.Yahoo Answers was a study of the good, bad and ugly of Q & A sites. Yahoo Answers allowed any questions that did not violate Yahoo Answers community guidelines. But the guidelines were an ever changing moving target. It also magnified what we users of the Usenet knew all too well, the terse passive-aggressive Socratic style and the hidden agenda question and hidden agenda answer. Categories like Politics and Religion & Spirituality along with the typical “debunker” clans began to cause internal strife with users and Yahoo. The anonymity of the answerers helps to contribute to this environment, users could choose to reveal their Yahoo Messenger ID on their Answers profile page but even this was not a direct identity as some users had 100s of IDs.Yahoo initially started a points system to “gameify” misuse of Yahoo Answers. This was handled by a user moderation system, where users report posts that are in bsignNow of guidelines or the Terms of Service. Posts were removed if they receive sufficient weight of trusted reports primarily from users with a reliable reporting history. Deletion could be appealed: an unsuccessful appeal receives a 10-point penalty; a successful one reinstates the post and reduces the 'trust rating' of the reporter. If a user receives a large number of violations in a relatively short amount of time or a very serious violation, it can cause the abuser's account to be suspended. In extreme cases for a Terms of Service violation, the abuser's entire Yahoo ID will be suddenly deactivated without warning.The point system also was implanted to encourages users to answer as many questions as possibly, up to their daily limit. Once a user achieves and maintains a certain minimum number of such contributions, they may receive an orange "badge" under the name of their avatar, naming the user a Top Contributor. Users could lose this badge if they do not maintain their level of participation. Once a user becomes a "Top Contributor" in any category, the badge appears in all answers, questions, and comments by the user, regardless of category. A user can be a Top Contributor in a maximum of 3 categories.The points system is weighted to encourage users to answer questions and to limit spam questions. There are also levels with point thresholds, which give more site access. Points and levels have no real world value, cannot be traded, and serve only to indicate how active a user has been on the site. A notable downside to the points/level system is that it encourages people to answer questions even when they do not have a suitable answer to give to gain points. Users also receive ten points for contributing the "Best Answer" which is selected by the question's asker. The voting function, which allowed users to vote for the answer they considered best, was discontinued in April 2014.The Yahoo Answer, Questions were initially open to answers for only our days. However, the asker can choose to pick a best answer for the question after a minimum of one hour. Comments and answers could still be posted after this time. To ask a question, one has to have a Yahoo account with a positive score balance of five points or more.The culture of the community of Yahoo Answers decayed as many of the top answerers moved to Wikipedia and Quora latter on in search of a better community and culture.QuoraThis Q & A site Quora was established in June 21, 2010 and received widespread acclaim very early on, especially praised for its interface and for the quality of the answers written by its users, many of whom were recognized as domain experts with first person knowledge in their respective fields. Quora's user base exploded almost instantly and, by late December 2010, the site was seeing spikes of visitors five to ten times its usual load—so much that the website initially had difficulties handling the increased traffic. When the website first came online and for many years afterward, Quora refused to show ads because, as the company stated in 2016, "...ads can often be negative for user experience. Nobody likes banner ads, ads from shady companies, or ads that are irrelevant to their needsQuora established community moderators as well as moderators employed by the company. Quora requires users to register with the complete form of their real names rather than an Internet pseudonym, although verification of names is not required, false names can be reported by the community. This was done with the intent of adding credibility to answers and to control abuse. Users with a certain amount of activity on the website have the option to write their answers anonymously but not by default.Quora can be thought of as an ongoing science experiment. The site has gone through a great deal of evolution. Each iteration surfaces from the tests of prior iterations. Quora has attributes from many of the Q & A sites that came before. For example Quora has developed its own proprietary algorithm to rank answers, which works similarly to Google's PageRank that gives priority and weighting to an answer along with up/down votes and other engagements like reads and comments.Quora has been by far the most successful Q & A site thus far with millions of questions and answers and over 300 million month visitors. The site’s answers are usually featured at the top of most search results and ranks as the top 128th site in the world.Quora is really the only general interest Q & A site success story and there are many reasons for this. To help guide to the scope of this discussion it is not a chicken/egg situation, the site always needs a deep and wide contingent of writers. The game mechanics and reward systems are vitally important and has contributed greatly to the site’s success.There are many elements that have motivated the most prolific writers on Quora. One of the fundamental ones comes down to distribution, a good answer could potentially be seen by hundreds of thousands of people.Another element is the elastic structure to the answers. Quora is not a Wikipedia rote restatement of “facts” and this is the fundamental strength of the site. If you made it to this point in this posting, you are experiencing it: the wide spectrum of elastic responses to a question.Quora thrives because of what I have come to understand personally, as the inventor of a new type of medium and long form writing. The terse passive-aggressive Socratic style tends not to survive at Quora because of this. Whereas a vast majority of Q & A sites were infected with minimalist answers and easy to notice snide elitism, Quora has flourished with writers that for the greater part know and love the subject matter of the domains they write about first hand.One of the most powerful secrets about Quora is just about any question either has been posed or can be posed (with-in the site guidelines. This allows for domain experts to flourish. This may seem like a minor element, but it is one of the reasons I have been active on the site for over a decade. Quora cares about the sacculated first person knowledge not so much the question, but the knowledge.Storytelling is the fundamental tool humans have to learn. Quora’s success is based on creating an environment where first person knowledge of the domain expert can craft a story about the subjects they have spent their lives on. Although not everyone may be a “great” writer from a technical perspective, somehow the passion that person has becomes shared with the knowledge and information. This inevitably becomes longer form writing.The culture and community at Quora is quite unlike any Q & A site I have participated in. There was a camaraderie from the very early days on to the most current era. There are many elements that have built the core group that carry this ethos forward, one is the comments section where users could interact with the answerer and ask more high resolution details about the question as well as to offer commentary and debate. Although not perfect, the real name elements of Quora has maintained a civil commentary and debate element.The Basis For A Successful Q & A ProgramWe have established a number of criteria for successful and less than successful Q & A sites. This is very important for the longevity of Alexa Answers as if they cann’t sustain consistent good answerers, the system would meet the same fate as other Q & A sites and fall into fiefdoms of despair.Quora and SiriIn April, 2010 a few days after Apple acquired Siri, I began to write about how vitally important site like Quora will become to the Voice First revolution. I wrote “Is Quora Important to Siri” [5} as an example of the opportunity.“Quora As A Best Source For SiriWe are at the precipice of a major shift on how we interact with our devices and the information that is in the cloud. In fact perhaps the entire electronic world controlled by these devices will see this shift.Siri is the first real step in this direction of the 4th user interface, not replacing the Mechanical User Interfaces (the keyboard, mouse and gestures) but enhancing them and perhaps creating an entirely new use case for instant knowledge. The model we had up until this point may in the near future seem somewhat clumsy and dated when used to get at simple end point data. It is perhaps the tasks that all of us have become accustomed to that will be the most stark noticeable difference we will be confronted with. To put it simply, most of us find it is easier to ask a question with our voice, then to go through a Mechanical process. In the old Mechanical User Interfaces model there are the obvious steps and the steps that are less obvious,”—Brian Roemmele Quora, 2010I also answered a recepicol answer Is “Siri important to Quora?” [6]. In 2011 I said:“Siri Will Need To Access The Entire InternetThis type of system is an enhancement to the Mechanical User Interfaces (Keyboard, Mouse, Gestures). But Siri is also far more then this, from a Meta view it is a system that will understand your words, extract intentent, create a plan to access the Domain APIs that will generate the information to either produce an answer or complete a task”—Brian Roemmele Quora, 2011Alexa Answers ResearchIn December 2018 Amazon launched the Q&A platform into beta with the goal of improving Alexa’s ability to answer questions. on September 12, 2019 Alexa Answers was live to all with an Amazon account. On the announcement Amazon said the feature was well-received by the early community of invite-only participants, who have contributed “hundreds of thousands of answers that have been shared with Alexa customers millions of times”.Specimen of the Alexa Answers website 2019To differentiate these answers from other Alexa responses, they’re attributed to “an Amazon customer” post-amble. This attribute brings along many positive and negative aspects we will surface later. However it is safe to say that this post-amble diminishes authority in the answer and Alexa as a system of authority as a whole.During the launch Amazon stated the basis for Alexa Answers was: “there are thousands of answers that had previously stumped Alexa, like ‘Where was Barbara Bush buried?’, ‘Who wrote the score for Lord of the Rings?’, ‘What’s cork made out of?’ and ‘Where do bats go in the winter?’”. It would seem that Alexa should have the ability to answer some of these questions based on Wikipedia searches or the default Bing searches.Some experts feel this is a Knowledge Graph problem and that if the Knowledge Graph was large enough all questions can be answered. This is the same thinking that assumes we will need General Artificial Intelligence or pass some Turing Test for useful Voice First AI, history will show this approach was painful wrong and painful obvious it was in hindsight.As mentioned you must have an Amazon account to participate in Alexa answers. This turns out to have a filtering effect of some bad actors and some abusive passive-aggressive type answers. Many answerers would likely not want to jeopardize their Amazon account with attributes of high negitivity. Even though you can choose not to use your real name in Alexa Answers, Amazon still knows who you are. Yet this element has a huge opportunity for Amazon beyond the the filtering effect, the answerers are also Amazon customers and obviously the shopping habit correlation is interesting, self released data, it also can be used to highly motivate good answers and good answerers in ways that space in this answer does not permit me to explore.Amazon has a history of crowdsourcing book and product reviews since its inception. This experience is both a blessing and curse as they do help the company, on the surface understand some elements of crowdsourcing ecosystems, it also creates the illusion that book/product reviews are somehow similar to answering a question, it will turn out not to be this case.Specimen of the daily bonus questions from Alexa Answers.Once signed in you will be presented with eight general categories of interest/expertise which will then generate a list of questions available. You can choose to filter them based on attributes like “most frequently asked,” or “newest” or by other category areas. You have just 150 characters to answer the proposed questions. It usually takes a few hours to be accepted by Amazon and published. This is easily considered short form questions and in most cases it is all the space we would need. However I discovered cases where this is clearly not the case and thus inaccurate or incomplete answers will result.My research shows that verbosity in response and if the user would find this a good response is based on the Myers-Briggs Indicator (MTBI) of the user. I started building MTBI aware systems in the late 1980s and can extract with high resolution the likely MTBI of the user and thus reflect a correlating MTBI of the persona and answers the Voice First system presents. We can see that although sounding complex just knowing and presenting the MBTI correlation of the user can make an answer more useful and can also help understand the meaning of a question in real-time.Specimen of Alexa Answers community leaderboards.After you submit an answer, you earn points toward monthly and weekly leaderboards and badges based on how many questions you’ve answered, how many times it’s been shared with Alexa users and more. This sort of game mechanics initially serve as a motiving force but for many it loses power over time as more people fill the system with answers. This is similar to the gameifaction used in Amazon Book/Product reviews. Amazon says:“This new feature is just one example of the many ways we’re continuously working to grow Alexa’s knowledge. As always, we’ll continue to evolve the experience based on customer feedback”.Specimen of Alexa Answers levels and points.Although game mechanics have a point in just about everything, they can also serve as a big distraction and cause actions that may not generate quality answers or answerers. We can learn a great deal form the errors of Yahoo and Google form this element.Specimen of Amazon Technical Turks website.I am told Mechanical Turks [7], an Amazon service used the same interface as Alexa Answers. It is interesting that prior to Alexa Answers Amazon paid Technical Turks to answer Long Tail questions. We can speculate if this was successful or not successful as a method. With Alexa Answers there are dashboard and leaderboards showing how much your answer was used by Alexa and how often it was “Star” rated is standard gameifaction. When an Alexa user is presented with the answer there is a random response after the post-amble that states “did you find this question useful”. the issue with this type of feedback is that it is really not a true form of feedback it is entirely situational and subjective. Complicating the gameifaction is the community of answerers can vote a 1 - 5 stars for your answer. It may also be automated by the game mechanics systems Amazon built to motivate better answers. However this is one area where potentially bad actors can form groups, and they do on all of the Q & A sites and vote down certain answers and certain answerers. This has a sort of chilling effect on the results that are generated. Additionally by not using a true Likert Scale [8], this is a type of rating scale used to measure attitudes or opinions, the binary helpful/not helpful is almost useless as it manifests as a thumbs up or thumbs down on the Alexa Answers dashboard next to the answer posted.I have found ways to perform a Voice First AI Likert test that is not obtuse or obvious as a post conversation the system uses to understand and create true feedback. And of course asking an overt 1-5 Likert would be not useful. Of course I do not overtly ask for a Likert score directly but I can arrive at one indirectly through follow up questions and answers.Specimen of the Likert Scale Questions In Textual Form.So we are stuck in a world of crowdsourced answerers judging of answerers and the answers they produce along with the binary “useful” or “not useful” vote by the user. Both signals are ambiguous beyond the obvious and overt incorrect or bad faith answer. Yet there are better ways to determine this beyond crowdsourcing.So on the surface this seems to be a very simple and straight forward Q & A system with Alexa questions serving as the basis for the answerers to respond to. Yet this is not nearly the same feedback loop that exists on successful long for Q & A sites like Quora. Although not immediately obvious to even people that are experts in this field, there exits a vital feedback loop that allows for a better answer. The quagmire starts with the fact this is a post processing result, meaning the original questioner will likely never ask the question again, for a number of reasons. Thus we have a brach in the taxonomy that may or may not bare any fruit. Now there are a number of ways for Amazon to solve this problem, but this is not the approach that will prove to be successful for many more reasons, this is just one.Thus Alexa Answers can be seen as best, as only a way to post process a question via crowdsourcing. In my analysis which we will explore later on, we will surface many examples of questions that will statically fall below the crucial “noise rate” below .01% likelihood. Even more interesting is the face many of the questions are in a format that can easily be answered by a protocol not the path Amazon and others take, I call “rote machine learning”. One way to understand this is how you recognize a bird. When you were first introduced to a bird you formed a protocol on what an ontology of living creatures are like. You further a taxonomy of bird-like over a very short period of hours to days. You did not need to see 10,000 images of a bird in various light settings for an array of reasons, many are related to the tens of thousands of protocols and sub-protocols that run anytime you are greeted with the new. Some think of this as pattern matching and that is a very low resolution way to present what is happening.This is part of systems I have built I call The Intelligence Amplifier [9] and one of the fundamental aspects of the system is to extract intents and meanings and thusly extract answers based on the protools indicated and the information the intelligent agents returned in real-time.BOOM!Meet https://t.co/qdKFgeC498 her first time heard in public. She is particularly adapt at surfacing information not found on the Internet or quite hidden.She is a 100% proactive system that uses a patented notification system.#TheIntelligenceAmplifier is many folks. pic.twitter.com/twolfpNkK1— Brian Roemmele (@BrianRoemmele) August 25, 2019 Specimen of Agatha.Best one of The Intelligence Amplifiers performing research.The Perils OF The Voice First Fence LineFrom the user’s experience, when Alexa does not know an answer, a fence line is erected in the mind of the user each time they hear “I don’t know that” or “I cant do that” it is profoundly difficult to change the boundaries, once established after enough of these events. This is why most Voice First platforms will meet with issues that may cause extremely constrained use cases over time. It is also why the companies that build these platforms need to acquire very astute people that have understood this issue for decades, not just since 2008 or something. I call this empirical praxis and the hiring practices of all the companies that build Voice First platforms are usually limited to degreed computer engineers, AI engineers and linguists experts. There are exceptions but theses are the cohorts building these systems. There is absolutely nothing wrong with these professions, indeed they are needed, but there are hundreds of experts that would be shown the door before HR even has a chance to speak with them.How To Answer Any QuestionAlexa Answers was built with the premise that “long tail” questions require human respondents to extract meaning. It is an engineering solution to a human problem that is not fully understood by the engineer. It is classic ex post facto designing where the loop is never closed for the user. Thus we will have an ever widening array of questions that seem unique but have a protocol basis that could allow it to be answered in real time, with no knowledge graph or AGI. In fact this is precisely what I did. Using protocols I developed in The Intelligence Amplifier “I’ answered a few thousand questions across 16 test accounts (don’t ask how I established these active and legal Amazon accounts, but no ill will was involved). All of the questions were processed by the protocols and produced answers that were accepted by Amazon and distributed through the Alexa universe. In effect, The Intelligence Amplifier took questions Alexa could not usually in seconds. I just redirected the answers via a simple script back to Alexa Answers. I had to throttle the system as at some point 30 answers a minute would raise suspicion.I did manually answer a few questions to test the fence line and boundaries of the system. There were interesting artifacts I discovered in just the questions I answered and did not allow The Intelligence Amplifier to answer. In one case, that I can not publish the question or answer for a number of reasons, non are illicit in any way, just proprietary, I found that many “5 star” votes to this obscure answer and a 5 day delay before Amazon published it.I been building databases of questions typically asked since The Usenet Oracle in 1989. Thus with all the Q & A sites of have been a part of or conducted research, I have accumulated over 16 million questions and a percentage of answers. This has allowed me to empirically draw on over 30 direct research databases. I have conducted a longitudinal study of this research over the years and recently created a new study that includes what I have found with Alexa Answers.Ontologies And TaxonomiesThere can be all kinds of taxonomies in an ontology. however ontology attempts to describe and capture an entire subject area, with all of its complexity, whereas a taxonomy tries to simplify a complex collection of seemingly unrelated items into a linear, organization. We can think of the way Alexa’s category system works as an ontology, in as much as the actual question is captured in its complexity but it flows to eight taxonomies. In a real sense the top level of categories could be seen as a true taxonomy, I will use ontology labeling for a number of reasons. One reason is that each question could and should form a true ontology to be correctly answered by a correctly established protocol to categorize the elementals of the question so as to reuse it in future question / answer pairs.By far a signNow number of short form resulting questions on the top of ontological tree can be directly based Wikipedia as the primary source. All of the Voice First platforms use Wikipedia resources and Wolfram Alpha as a typical answer source. In the case of Alexa, my research shows that the taxonomies flows from eight primary ontologies:VideoGeographyScienceHistoryMusicFoodLiteratureSportsInternally there may be more top level ontologies, but these are the eight ontologies that have been exposed currently during my research. Even a cursory overview will establish that the whole of possible questions can not be easily held in a top level ontology that Alexa appears to use. Thus the Science category has some odd additions forming a sort of “kitchen sink” catch-all for question categories that do not fit the very limited ontologies.Twenty three percent of the overall questions asked by Alexa users are in the Science and Food categories. It is important to understand there will be distortions in overall questions in as much the Alexa Answer questions show questions that in theory Alexa did not provide a useful answer for. However in my studies of Q & A sites I feel we have a rather robust cross section of Alexa question situations.The distribution of question ontologies do not completely reflect the relationships of the types of questions posed to Alexa, however we can use this data as a rather useful starting point.Specimen of research by Brian Roemmele on the distribution of 5000 questions on Alexa Answers.Why are these ontologies important? They serve two primary functions:In real-time the can establish a guide to the possible answers to ineffectually posed questions.In answer misses, they can serve to notify answers on Alexa Answer the category they selected.Consider the Science ontology, here are two specimen questions presented by Alexa Answers :A) What's the freezing temperature of ice?B) How many squirrels are left in the world?Although it is possible to categorize item B as “science” it is really more of a trivia sort of question that likely has no exact answer. By grouping these types of questions together, there limited ontologies get distorted. Most trivia question can have some statical science involved but they do not truly belong to the science tree. I use over 6000 top level ontologies based on some dozens of studies, real-life testing and the database of Q & A sites I have amassed.Consider this axiom:The fine detail to anything is just 90 steps away.How many times do I need to cut a Cherry Pie before I get to a single atom?It takes ~90 successive cuts.Although the long tail of questions look to be an endlessly complex problem, and to be sure it is if you use the approach every Voice First platform uses, it is reducible to the logical in less then 20 “cherry pie cuts”. And with context of the flow of questions before and other telemetries it can be achieved in many cases with 5 questions to the questioner. Thus if this sort of protocols were instituted, there would really be no need for human answerers in many cases.A Deep Statistical Study Of Questions Pose By Alexa UsersSo lets dive deeper in to the rich insights we can derive from Alexa Answers. There are many anthropological, sociological and business perspectives and insights I have drawn from my research. Although this is on going research the early results are nothing less then fascinating. Alexa Answers as a research tool offers astounding possibilities with the private questions of millions of users presented. Have no doubt they are deemed private questions because there is no overt preambles telling the Alexa user that the question they just posed would be seen by a crowdsourced answerer community. Now can one see anything particularly useful or personally identifiable? In a very limited case the answer is yes. It is not intentional by Amazon but an artifact of how they process and present questions. I will not publish what I discovered publicly, but it is not nearly a big concern, just a general one.To understand intent(s) and meaning(s) of the question we use a process that is engrained into our conscious and sub conscious. But it is designed to be nuanced by interaction and not typically binary Question Answer. To help currant AI systems extract intent and arrive at meaning we typically use a linguistic break down of sentence in to semantics. We use a Reed–Kellogg system or parse tree of the question and typically can be broken down by functional parts:subjectobjectadverbialverb (predicator).nounsThe subject is the owner of an action, the verb represents the action, the object represents the recipient of the action, and the adverbial qualifies the action. The various parts can be phrases rather than individual words and relate to people, places and things. We use a sentence diagram that is a pictorial representation of the grammatical structure of a sentence. The term "sentence diagram" is used more when teaching written language, where sentences are diagrammed. The term "parse tree" is used in linguistics (especially computational linguistics), where sentences are parsed. Both show structure of sentences. The model shows the relations between words and the nature of sentence structure and can be used as a tool to help recognize which potential sentence is actually a sentence.Simple sentences in the Reed–Kellogg system are diagrammed according to these forms:Specimen of the Reed-Kellogg system of parsing.The Intelligence Amplifier uses a meta parse tree indirectly based on the Reed Kellogg systems and establishes a first pass numeric determinism to the question and ultimately to the answer it presents via a feedback loop similar to Likert Scale and also context of preceding questions. The numeric values are:In band +1 - 9Out of band - 1 - 9Obtuse * 1 - 9Gibberish ? 1 - 9I use this scale along with ~92 others to help classify the ontologies and correctly extract intents and meanings. With out correct intent extraction and a road to meaning, the question and the answer is of course meaningless.The Alexa Answers Baseline StudyFor this paper I will use a sample set of ~5000 questions extracted from the Alexa Answers site over the period of 6 months in early 2019. A very curious insight I found early on, is that many questions actually have Alexa answers and they did not need crowdsourcing to arrive at an answer, and in and of itself, this is interesting.Here are some sample questions and the associated ontology Amazon applied:What's the perfect temperature to brew coffee at?Food +1How big is an atlas moth?Science +1Where do honey crisp apples grow?Food +1Did michael jackson go to college?Music +6What was captain kangaroo's real name?Video +1How tall was edward the first?History +1What is the average weight of a motorcycle?Science +7What country has the most females?Geography +9How long is cat's been on broadway?Video +4What is tiny turtles real name?Video +9How long is the continental united states?Geography -1Are sharks warm blooded?Science +1What's the name of robin hood's hideout?Video -6What city has the most snow fall?Geography +5Who is danny treasure?Music +9What is the national dish of greece?Geography +4What is the city with the least population?Geography +1Where is liverpool from?Geography *9Who is the prime minister in nineteen forty two?History ?9What should i do with used cooking oil?Food +9How many calories in a tube of pringles?Food +7How long does cauliflower cheese take to cook?Food +5What is gerry adams in the i. r. a.?History +7What is the average lifespan of a u. k. mail?Science -9 *2Who sings someone's knocking at the door?Music +5How many series of friends are there?Video +9How fast can a staffordshire bull terrier run?Science +9How do you cook a roast dinner?Food -8Who invented the custard cream?Food *5How many disabled people are there in the u. k.?Geography +4In this very small sample we can already surface many interesting if not astounding insights on who is using Alexa and how they are using the system. We can also create an “Expectation map” of what questioners are assuming is possible with Alexa. I could write many books on this general subject, but the Expectation Map, not used by any Voice First platform is very powerful. We can also see the obvious miscategorizations (and you cant change them when answering the question) of ontologies that will do nothing in helping Alexa find a useful answer.What appears to be random questions, I have discovered after analyzing million of questions since the 1990s there are “attractors” and “format types” that repeat endlessly. One format type example is the “How tall/heavy/old/etc is /famous person/?”. The categories are littered with these questions and can be answered using even the crudest AI /ML tools Amazon has. Not only do these questions require their now ontology, they also show a mindset and mentality of the questioner. Although “shaming” words are removed from the questions, they are implied and in some cases are passed through.Consider:How much does jean claude van damme weigh?VideoNot really a video ontology other then the fact he is an actor. This is a format type question in the “How tall/heavy/old/etc is /famous person/?” structure. The parse tree is simple. But lets examine the psychology and perhaps sociological aspects are interesting. Why do we see about 7% of sample questions in this category?Consider another format type question:How tall is john berry?VideoAgain not in the video ontology but we also have a potential common proper name spelling issue. Is it really “John Barry” of was it John Barrie an English actor who appeared in a number of television shows and films who became well known for playing the title character on the police series Sergeant Cork from 1963-68 and playing Detective Inspector Hudson on Z-Cars from 1967-68? Or did the questioner mean J.M. “James Matthew” Barrie, author of “Peter Pan” who like his character in his novels, was of a diminutive height. We don’t know because the questioner is long gone and all that remains is the question. However The Intelligence Amplifier had an In Band +1 assumption It was related to Peter Pan. We may never know as the questioner is long gone, all that remains is this question that to this day, Alex is stumped on.The format type questions all are In Band but many are Out Of Band or even Obtuse. Some reasons are based on subject, object, adverbial, verb and noun errors or miss readings by Alexa.Consider:How does an egg get fertilized?FoodThis of course should be categorized with the limited eight ontologies as Science yet it is Food. Indeed eggs are food, but what was the intent of the questioner. We can use format type here also in the “How does /thing/ /get/do/ /effect/”. Although this seems a more complex format type it really isn’t. We are really dealing with just eggs and the effect of fertilization, we assume food grade eggs but this may very well be a human reproduction question. How do we know? Context. Thus it is likely Alexa answered this as a food question and that was not satisfactory because it may have been in the ontology of food and produced a bizarre response to a human reproduction question.The Intelligence Amplifier, based on millions of questions and format typing found this to be a human reproduction question not a food question of edible eggs. Thus it seems clear why it became an Alexa Answer. Yet this miscategoization will prompt answerers to continue to present “wrong” answers because of the ontology.I have discovered in my research ~3000 format type questions that can cover about 80% of questions in my databases. Now understand I am just some guy in a garage but it is interesting how attractors form around certain subject matter. This of course is usually beyond linguistics and computer science professional domains and shows the blind spot in build Voice First systems using the “usual suspects” and lacking empirical praxis.Beyond format type questions there are other types that could lend itself to visual reinforcements.Consider:Where is denmark on the map?GeographyThis should not have been an Alexa Answers question for many reasons. Even if the questioner had no screen to show the map it can be said thusly: “Denmark, is above Germany and surrounded by the North Sea west of Sweden”. Did you need to see a map? Perhaps if you are not familiar with geography to any deep level. This question also show that a vast majority of questions are not “fact” but “feel” questions. For example we could have giving latitude and longitude data and digressed to highly localized geographical milestones, but this is to a high statical percentage not really what the questioner really wanted. They wanted a “feel” of where it was on the globe and subsequent questions could explore details if desired. But programmers and linguistics experts in group meeting would not agree to a “feel” for a question but will be biased to “facts”. And trying to find “facts” and not a “feel” for a question, even Wikipedia failed to find the fact needed. Is this a small issue? Not by the least the “feeL’ questions represent over 61% of questions I analyzed from Alexa Answers.Consider:What is the most thoroughly research nutritional product in the world?ScienceandHow many calories should you have for breakfast?FoodThese questions don’t have an objective fact they have a subjective insight. The questioners are not looking for anything really exact because it is likely they know there is no universal direct answer. The answers are situational to many elements including the health of the person asking and where they are located in the world. So a “fact” approach by machine, Wikipedia or a human answerer would yield a cascade of less than useful answers over time that will not find a means. But if a “feel” approach is used one universal answer or format can be achieved. One answer vs. thousands.As mentioned before there are many questions in my research data from Alexa Answers that simply do not need to be presented to answerers. Some out easily classified as Out Of Band and Obtuse and others are easily answered from Wikipedia and Bing.Consider:Is the universe still expanding?ScienceAndWhen did bts debut?HistoryAndWhere does mars come from?ScienceAndAre there different galaxies?ScienceAll of these questions waste the time of Alexa Answerers and have simple answers, yes even the BTS questions. So why are they here to be answered? We can only speculate but this along with many other observations I can conclude some serious errors of how Amazon is approaching how they extract intents and meanings.There is a cross section of psychological states presented by the flow of questions found at Alexa Answers.Consider:How do i convert baking soda to baking powder?FoodWhat is the zip code for wenham massachusetts?GeographyDo deers have whiskers?ScienceWhat year was the waco fire?HistoryHow many people live in wild?GeographyHow many ribs does a t. rex have?ScienceIs the tower of babel still standing?GeographyHow much does the heaviest cat weigh?ScienceWhere was the beatles last performance?MusicWhat are the properties of oobleck?ScienceWho is johnny carson's sidekick?VideoWhat year did microwave ovens come out?VideoWhen did naruto first air?VideoWe can conclude that some questions seem to be trivia but on deeper analysis they are not. Some are historical or scientific “facts” but without the context of a conversation one could answer these questions in a manner that would not really signNow the essence of the question. Clearly there is no reasons for zip code questions to appear at Alexa Answers. If this was a failure of the Alexa platform it is glaring. I have seen dozens of zip code questions.We can also conclude the location of the Alexa device by virtue of the types of questions rendered. We can also get a feel for when these questions are being asked over the course of the year. It would be helpful for Amazon to show a date and time.Consider:How long will it take to cook a five kilogram turkey?FoodAndWhat temperature do you cook a twenty pound turkey at?FoodAndHow long does it take to cook a twenty eight pound stuffed turkey?FoodAndHow long to cook a sixteen pound stuffed turkey?FoodIt does not take much to conclude these questions are being generated to a high statical percentage around holiday seasons. Likely Thanksgiving and Christmas holidays in the US. You may have noticed a format question here and you are correct. This is a “How long do I cook /Food/ that weighs /weight/?” with variations there are 100s of these questions. There will be hundreds of Alexa Answerers producing specific answers in rote to the endless weight combinations. It is really quite shocking these types of question, weighed to almost the largest percentage has not been automated. It is elementary.The type and range of questions may seem random to even expert observers that do not study this deeply to any level. Yet there is a rather clear psychology behind many questions and attractor patterns are easy to see with even limited data.Consider:What is the most played video game in america?VideoAndWhat are french hens?ScienceAndWhich state has the least amount of natural disasters?GeographyAndWhat color is dove cameron's eyes?VideoAndDo you have a recipe for pumpkin seeds?FoodAndDoes pumpkin pie get refrigerated?FoodAndDoes sweet potato pie need to be refrigerated?FoodAgain, we see holiday cooking. More exactly some post holiday cooking. We also see questions that relate to fears (natural disasters) and human interest (eye color). There is much to be said about post meal food preservation, in particular pies (were they homemade or preserved unrefrigerated store bought pies). What is the “pie psychology?” here there are obvious business cases here but there is also mindset aspects. We also see mindset aspect with the utilization of pumpkin seeds, likely related to making a pumpkin pie or Halloween carving, again dates and times of the question create at least some limited context.The psychology of the questioner can be extracted by the Affect protools of The Intelligence Amplifier and from this some correlating demographic and age cohort data can be extracted. From a sociological and anthropological basis I have also found a rich treasure trove of data. We know the general psychological state of the Alexa user, and how this will play out over time in sociological and anthropological studies. Part off my research creates a statistical word use study that aids in understanding the sentiments of the users. From a fundamental level this data can be used to make Alexa work better. Indeed I have used this data to make The Intelligence Amplifier work better.We can also find opportunities for new businesses and in the case of this report over 27 points of Clayton Christensen disruption either by Amazon if they discover it or by startups or legacy companies if they discover it. I can not over state how many opportunities have been surfaced just by this small study of Alexa Answers. Just by knowing what people curious about and how they ask these questions is an astounding opportunity.ConclusionsIt may be easy to read this presentation as an attack in some way towards Amazon, the Alexa team or the AI community a a whole. Read this clearly: it is not. In fact one reason I requested to release some of this report to the public is to in some way hope to help them. Many ask why I am not working in these companies and could do this privately. Well the short of it is: I really don’t know other then the fact I may be “un hirable” by the current hiring practices at play in technology companies. Even though I could pass the “prove you can code before you can come aboard” hazing tests at play to this day, I am still admittedly a Round Peg to their Square Hole.It can be argued that some of this information is known to the Voice First companies, however I can say with certainty via private conversations most of the information and solution presented here is not widely known for if it were it would not have fallen through to Alexa Answers. It is also very clear this is not just an Amazon problem, Google, Apple and others, I know from other studies have the exact same problem to a greater or lesser degree along with other problems.The Voice First revolution is relatively new. Answering the “long tail” [10] questions and finding the correct short form to long form answer is new for many of the people building these systems. Without empirical praxis and using purely and engineering approach solving these issues. What do you do when you don’t know the answer to a question? You find the answer. The next generations of Voice First systems will find better answers.The Case Against General Artificial Intelligence And The log2(n) - n ParadoxOne of the great debates raging in the tech community is that Voice First systems like Alexa, Siri, Cortana, Google and others are too “dumb”, “they can never answer every question”. The truth is, of course they are. These generation one systems fail outside very constrained domains. Yet using the same criteria to humans, we all look pretty “dumb”. The invention of writing, the printing press, the book, the floppy disk and the Internet allow any properly equipped human to answer any question, or get a fairly good “feeling” of the potential answers.It turns out humans think in a “fuzzy” way. Our answers, as logical as they may seem sometime may have foundations in logic but they are fuzzy in the way they are translated to humans. Most humans chose not to speak in segments of facts connected together and if we do, we suffer a life of loneliness. Humans use analogy and reference to express things. Many researcher and observers assume this is exformation (information to be discarded). However the things we use to present concepts, ideas, even commands have a multiplex quality to how it was said.Thus when we are asked a question it is quite natural for us to simultaneously decode the multiplex layers of context. Many times we will ask additional questions to full understand what was said or the command. However overtime humans learn by doing and tend not to ask rebound questions, we apply prolix, we speak in shortened sentences and we take the sentences as a meta command or meta idea.For computers to solve the what I call the log2(n) - n paradox (or the Evan’s paradox) they need to deal with the Fuzziness of humans and turns out that it is not the “insolvable” problem that even learned experts suggest. The Turing Test was first proposed in 1950 by Alan Turing in the paper “Computing machinery and intelligence”. Turing is commonly acknowledged as the father of artificial intelligence and computer science and later developed the Imitation Game as a substitute for the question “Can machines think?”. The Turing test is interesting but is not the baseline of how future Voice First systems will deal with the log2(n) - n questions and log2(n) - n answers almost seemingly impossible task. Moreover, Turing’s intentions were never to use his test as a way to measure the intelligence of AI programs but rather to provide a coherent example to help arguments regarding the philosophy of artificial intelligence.The idea that any AI system has to anticipate every question and produce a ready-made answer is not only unachievable it is a complete misunderstanding too the way humans work. No system will be omniscient, omnipotent and omnipresent. No human, even with the assistance of the internet can address log2(n) - n questions and log2(n) - n answers. Thus to pose a premise that not living or a mechanical system could achieve as an argument against the utility of Voice First systems is an argument under a false premise.Thus Alexa Answers does not seem to have the successful game mechanics that has made Quora successful. This is vitally important for this system to work on a long term basis and not face the Yahoo or Google fate. Additionally we can conclude even if Alexa Answers is successful it will not nearly address the systemic problem at play here either use humans to answer questions or go for a AGI Turing test approach. The reality is it is not a binary choice. Using simple but very powerful protocols that you and I use every day would give the next generation of Voice First devices the ability to answer any question.Sites like Quora and systems to distill long form answers to the needs of the questioner in real-time will be of a tremendous step forward for Amazon. We will always need Q & A systems that extract and utilize first person knowledge that inherently is more fuzzy feel of information and insight than Wikipedia-like fact. This is how all cultures work through history. Indeed this is even how science works. We first arrive at the feel of a subject and then drill down to facts after if this is desired. Humans get mired down with data and not directionals of feel. Some may argue this is a fundamental flaw in humans and may use it as an inditement of our current condition today. This is a mis attribution. What humans need is a feel for the directional to help find the overview and then generate the supporting facts.We do not see the facts of the 2 x 4s and sheet rock of the outside of the house, we see the overall structure of the house and can draw many conclusions about what functions it serves and perhaps the type of rooms it contains, because the direction feel of the subject has been determined, it is a house. Today we have the builders telling us how the house was made and what it is made of. This is natural for people that have to form logical program functions in code. But as this though pattern matriculates up to the product, we actually wind up with a system that has far less utility then it could.Specimen showing Voice First is the fastest adopted technology in history.Voice First is the fastest adopted technology in history. No technology has even come close, not the smartphone or the tablet. Amazon has a majority market share with Alexa. This is deserved and earned. Yet we have not seen anything yet, this is the very early days of the Voice First revolution and even with some of the issues I presented here on Alexa Answers persist.Alexa will continue to do outstanding. Amazon is one of the few companies that get what this technology represents and has dedicated over 20,000 people to make it better. No matter what, we can expect Voice First to get much better. We are at the precipice of a new way to communicate with computers and an new way to arrive at data, information, knowledge, insight, wisdom and understanding. In the past we had to sift and sort through data and information in hopes of some knowledge. The voice First revolution with the correct protocols will bring about insights and hopefully more wisdom and understanding. We are awash in data, we need more wisdom and understanding.[1] Alexa Answers[2] There is A Revolution Ahead and It Has A Voice[3] Brian Roemmele[4] Brian Roemmele's answer to Is Amazon Echo (and/or Siri and other voice assistants) actually useful, or is it just a novelty? Are usage and retention of these products growing?[5] Brian Roemmele's answer to Is Quora important to Siri?[6] Brian Roemmele's answer to Is Siri important to Quora?[7] Amazon Mechanical Turk[8] Likert scale - Wikipedia[9] http://VoiceFirst.ExpertMore details on the Alexa Answers Product.What is Alexa Answers?Alexa Answers is a community where customers can answer questions for Alexa. It contains questions in categories such as Science, History, Literature, and Music which Alexa would like your help in answering.Where do you get questions from?The questions on Alexa Answers are facts Alexa customers want to know. If enough customers ask Alexa a question she cannot currently answer, that question may be published on Alexa Answers.How can I add answers to Alexa Answers?Just browse the categories, select a question you would like to answer, type your answer and click submit.How is my Amazon profile displayed and can I contribute anonymously?You have the option to contribute anonymously or display your Amazon profile information to other users on Alexa Answers. If choose to display your profile information, your profile name and profile image will appear on your answers and throughout the site. It will not be shared when Alexa delivers the answer to an Alexa Customer. If you choose to hide your information, you will appear as “Anonymous” to other users. You can manage your Amazon profile visibility in Settings.What makes a good answer for Alexa Answers?Good Alexa answers respond to the question briefly, directly, and accurately, in a contributor’s own words. They do not contain any content that is obscene, threatening, defamatory, invasive of privacy, or infringing of intellectual property rights (including publicity rights).What answers are not accepted on Alexa Answers?In order to generate helpful responses for Alexa to use when she is asked questions in the future, answers must be kept to under 300 characters. Answers may also be automatically rejected if they contain any of the types of objectionable content listed above. For additional information about what content is and is not accepted on Alexa Answers and other Amazon sites, please see Online Shopping for Electronics, Apparel, Computers, Books, DVDs & more’s Conditions of Use.What happens after I submit an answer?If your answer is accepted, it may be made available on Alexa next time a customer asks the question you answered. If more than one contributor answers a specific question, Alexa may rotate between answers until she gains enough feedback to determine which answer is the most useful. You can tell that your answer is available for Alexa to use if the blue “LIVE” icon appears below your answer.How do I report an offensive or bad answer?You can flag an answer on Alexa Answers to report them. Answers can be flagged if they are inappropriate (subjective, advice, vulgar, insulting, or offensive), incomprehensible (it doesn’t make sense when read out loud), or incorrect (not factually correct or relevant). Once flagged, the answer will be hidden from your feed and reviewed.What does it mean if my answer is flagged?Your answer was reported by members of the Alexa Answer community and/or Alexa Customers. Answers can be flagged if they are inappropriate (subjective, advice, vulgar, insulting, or offensive), incomprehensible (it doesn’t make sense when read out loud), incorrect (not factually correct or relevant) or not helpful (it's received too many downvotes from Alexa customers). Flagged answers are not visible on the Alexa Answers site and not shared with Alexa Customers. You can rewrite and resubmit your answer to address the reason for flagging. If you think your answer was flagged erroneously and would like to dispute it or get more clarity, you can contact us at email and we will review your answer and provide a response, if appropriate.What do the thumbs-up and thumbs-down numbers below my answers mean?When Alexa uses your answer, she may also elicit feedback by asking 'Did that answer your question?' The number of likes reflects the number of times customers said YES to this question. Similarly, the number of dislikes reflects the number of times customers said NO. (As noted above, if enough customers say NO your answer will become blocked and will no longer be used by Alexa).How are the leaderboards calculated?Leaderboards show the top ten weekly and monthly contributors on Alexa Answers. The leaderboard ranks contributors based on points earned on answers submitted within relevant category and time period. Monthly leaderboards reset on the 1st day of each calendar month. Weekly leaderboards reset every Monday.What do the point values mean and how are they calculated?Each answer is given a point score based on the number of times Alexa shares the answer and the quality of the answer. Answer quality is determined by Alexa customer feedback. When an Alexa customer hears an answer they can tell Alexa if the answer was helpful or not. The more positive upvotes an answer receives the more points it earns.I want to correct my answer, how can I edit it?You can click the three dot button to reveal the edit and remove actions. The sooner you do this after you submit the answer, the less likely you will lose any feedback your answer gathered.What if I submit an answer by mistake? How can I delete my answers?You can click the three dot button to reveal the edit and remove actions. Remove means your answer will be no longer be used by Alexa and all the statistics associated with the answer will also be deleted.What does Alexa Answers do if there are multiple answers contributed by the community for the same question?If more than one response to the same question is provided on Alexa Answers, Alexa will rotate between each of the answers until she has enough information to know which answer is the most useful. You can help Alexa choose the most helpful response by providing feedback. Answers with most positive feedback will be used more frequently.What is a HOT question?A HOT question is a popular question on Alexa. It is also more likely to get asked again by other Alexa customers.What are star ratings?You can help Alexa Answers be great answers, by rating answers submitted by other contributors. A 5-star answer is a high quality answer. Alexa can use contributor ratings, along with feedback from Alexa customers, to determine when and how often each answer is used.W
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it/PV4eVY — Donald Trump Jr.'s Lawyer (@mandy_cooper13)
Trump Jr. also sent the email after news broke that former acting Attorney General Sally Yates had alerted the White House that Flynn might have lied about discussing sanctions with then-Russian ambassador Sergey Kislyak.
The White House, which initially said that Trump didn't know any details about Flynn until he learned about it later — then said that the president only found out about them through media reports — has faced questions about why Trump's son was seeking to establish communications with the Russian government in the first place.
In a series of tweets, Trump Jr. denied that he and others had received the emails, and called the Times story "a COMPLETE and TOTAL FABRICATION" of his meeting. He said the Times' "fictional account" was "100% made up."
This morning's NY Times Magazine cover: "How Vladimir Putin Created Donald Trump." — Donald Trump Jr. (@DonaldJTrumpJr)
Flynn's resignation Monday came the same day that he was interviewed by FBI agents about the meeting — as part of Robert Mueller's probe of Russia's meddling in the US presidential election.
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This was a problem in 2011, when the Internet service provider Comcast began blocking access to the web site for a handful of users. The company claimed to be blocking "child pornography and other illegal material," and even though it's unclear how this blocking came to be (it's possible the company just decided to block it due to other, more benign content), a small number of users were suddenly unable to access the site — a move widely seen as a violation of the user's basic right to free speech. And though the company eventually gave in, it's still not the first time that ISPs have tried to shut people off from the web.
If you think all Internet service providers are trying to censor the web, then we have a little problem. In fact, the truth is just the opposite: The vast majority of ISPs are working to protect their customers' online security and privacy.
For example, in January 2010, Verizon was found guilty of illegally collecting customer data on millions of customers by the government, and it paid $182 million in penalties. But in 2011, the company announced that it would begin encrypting all traffic that flows through its network, making it impossible for the Federal Trade Commission to get information about how the company handles customer data. This move, the company said, would help "protect against government overreach in privacy policy enforcement."
So which companies are blocking the web?
When we asked each company which government agency was blocking t...
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