How To eSign Presentation

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What are fashion brands' biggest pain points today? I leave this wide open. Take whatever angle you want and feel free to break it down by functional area. To what degree is 'a good edit' enough in ecommerce?  Nastygal and ModCloth are two examples that have done well because they have developed a clear point of view and curated a specific style for a specific demographic. This is what has driven their success . While they have some simple, nuanced additions to their online stores, it's pretty much just the curation that drives people to the store. Yet, with all of the new models emerging, it seems consumers are expecting more than just curation and looking for 'curation plus discount', 'curation plus content plus discount' , 'curation plus subscription', 'curation plus N factors'. What are interesting new ways to blend commerce and content? Business of Fashion just wrote this article on rap video meets ecommerce. There is a HUGE untapped territory leveraging content including video , text, imagery, etc... where it's a blended experience. What are some potential interesting permutations of this?What are trends in manufacturing ? With increasing costs in China, desires for Just-In-Time manufacturing to an extreme, campaigns around increasing US manufacturing , 3D manufacturing , etc... how will manufacturing evolve and what are the challenges associated with these shifts both on a macro and micro level.There seems to be a shift from people going to department stores  when they want to find something specifically, similar to Amazon in the online context. However, people tend to frequent vertically integrated stores like J. Crew, Banana Republic, Zara/H&M/Forever 21, etc... when they want to browse and discover. Also, people go to J. Crew because they have trust with the brand but also enough to discover. Though, a lot of the ones I mention also have a lot of physical stores and thus could be successful due to convenience as one factor. Yet, the latter does not seem to have an online-only comparison that's really taken off.  To what degree do you think this offline behavioral shift will translate online? Or in another way of saying, will we see more online-only vertically integrated models (e.g. J. Crew) become successful and commonplace online? What are the challenges or differences with this shift online? How can one effectively build a brand online? (follow up to previous) I know you wrote something previously on Brand Psychology, so as a following, how can a brand be build online (e.g. Bonobos, Warby Parker, Everlane, etc...) How large and sustainable is subscription ecommerce? Obviously,  you have a connection to Manpacks , and then JustFab today said they will be doing $100M in revenues by end of 2012. However, how sustainable is this given it is extremely challenging to maintain share of the consumer's wallet consistently and delight a customer every month. Which categories will be able to scale and achieve these levels better than others? Also, Shoedazzle's refocus might be a telling data point, so what do you think of that shift?If you want to start manufacturing a good, what is the best way to get started? I've had this conversation with a lot of people, and it is a cagey world with limited resources . I've been helping some folk but have limited actual experience in different component from concept to sample to batch production onward. So, what are different recipes and resources for early stage brand manufacturers : how to do production, how/where to qualify a manufacturer , quality control, etc... I can ask more questions if you like... I have an endless list , and with every answer brings up new questions. If you don't like any or need clarification, please lmk!  If you want to answer one of them, I'll go ahead and ask it.Oh, and I have opinions on all of them, so curious to hear your perspectives. Thus, if you write something on one of the aforementioned, it'll hopefully incite me to actually do some more writing (or rap/jam --as you like to call it--with you one of these topics)...

The logical route for most small businesses that are operating on tight budgets is to start with free SaaS software. There are many out there but you will find that they are limited in features and capabilities. You may want to have a mix of free tools and set aside a reasonable investment for paid solutions since there are lots of affordably priced, SMB-friendly SaaS software offerings in the market. Here’s a great resource on SaaS tools for small business you may want to check out.The following are my suggestions of software categories and the respective products that are most useful in y...

India stack is a concept that is unique to this country. Most people do not get the implications because when they think about innovations, they think about what is happening in the West or elsewhere and think of an India version of it. The India stack is a part of  Digital India program aimed at treating information as a utility. Instead of having a top down approach which would result in crappy applications the government has launched an open Application Programming Interface policy. The set of open API for developers includes The Aadhaar for authenticationThe e-KYC documents that have been generatedDigital lockerse-signatures (software based as against the present dongle based e-signs) The Unified Payments Interface which rides on top of the National Payment Corporation of India’s Immediate Payment System. Unlike the West, India will also have a consent architecture to protect privacy. There is immense possibilities in terms of the kind of applications that can be developed using these open APIs. Tech start-ups can use this framework to develop mobile apps and make services available to a large section of the population instantly.  To get a better understanding of the capabilities the authorities are organising hackathon for various pieces of the stack. 

You will get a ‘list of low price penny stocks’ at the bottom of this post. These are of small cap in nature, whose current price is between Rs.5 to Rs.50/share. Check my stock watchlist as well for long term holding. You can also check stocks with low PE ratio here.But before peeping into the list of low price penny stocks, let’s get some basics right first. What are good low price shares? Any share whose market price is low, becomes “good”? No. Why? Because a low price share may be representing a company whose business fundamentals are weak.So how find good low price shares?We all want to buy “low price shares”. But such shares must also be of a “good” company.What is a good company? Which has strong business fundamentals.Low price shares of a “bad” company will be detrimental to our investment portfolio. If you are one who is building your investment portfolio from scratch, must know how to avoid stocks of bad companies.No matter how low is the price, if the underlying company is bad, such shares are worth avoiding. In stock investing it is important to define ‘low price’.General understanding is, Rs.100 is greater than Rs.50, right? But it can be different in case of stock investing.Example: A stock which is trading at Rs.100 can be cheaper than a stock trading at Rs 50.How this is possible? It is a violation of the theory of mathematics, right? But this is what makes stock investing so interesting.The puzzle of “low price” becomes even more interesting while dealing with penny stocks. Penny stocks are already low priced, but the bigger question is, are they also “good”?What will make penny stocks good for investing? Their strong underlying business.There shall be one more filter here. What is it? The stock must also be undervalued.An undervalued share, of a good company, trading at “low price per share”, automatically becomes a good buy.Low price per share…Why I am giving emphasis to “low price per share”? Because a high price per share of a stock may make it unsignNowable for common men.Lets see examples of few high price share of few Indian stocks:MRF Ltd: Rs.64,800 per share.Page Ind: Rs.29,600 per share.Eicher: Rs.21,400 per share.Even if these stocks represent great companies, may be they are trading at undervalued price levels, still less people can afford to buy even one share of them.Why it is so? Because of their high current market price per share. They may be undervalued, but still unaffordable for a normal retail investor.So which is a good share to buy? It can be represented as below:To identify good shares to buy, we must use the following 3 filters:Filter #1: Low market price.Filter #2: Strong underlying Business.Filter #3: Undervalued price.How to know if the stock has “strong underlying business”?Let me rephrase my question. How to know if a business is good or not?From point of view of investors, following will highlight if a business is good or not:#1. Sales: Sales is growing fast enough? How to know?Check last 5 years sales data in Profit & Loss Account. Then calculate sales growth rate (5Y-CAGR).Sales growth matching inflation rate is considered moderate.#2. Profit: Profit is growing fast enough? How to know?Check last 5 years net profit (PAT) data in Profit & Loss Account. Then calculate PAT growth rate (5Y-CAGR).PAT growth matching inflation rate is considered good.#3. EPS: EPS is growing fast enough? How to know?Check last 5 years EPS data in Profit & Loss Account. Then calculate EPS growth rate (5Y-CAGR).EPS growth more than inflation rate is considered great.#3. ROE: Is the company profitable enough for its investors? How to know?Check its ROE history, and if it is growing or not.First, calculate the ROE ( = PAT / Net Worth).A good company will either maintain its ROE, or improve it , over a period of time.Calculate last 5 years ROE. Then calculate ROE growth rate (5Y-CAGR).Even if the ROE has increased marginally, it is outstanding.#4. Debt: Is the company relying too much on debt? How to know it?Check its Debt/Equity ratio history, and if it is growing or not.First, calculate the Debt/Equity ratio ( = Debt / Net Worth).A good company will keep reducing its debt dependency over time. It means, with time, its Debt/Equity ratio shall fall.Calculate last 5 years D/E ratio. Then calculate D/E growth rate (5Y-CAGR).D/E growth in negative means, the company is doing good.These are few common check-points using which we can judge the business fundamentals of a company.But if you would like to do a more detailed stock analysis, do check my stock analysis worksheet.This worksheet will help you to estimate the following for your stocks:Free cash flow.Intrinsic value.Overall grading for stock.How to know if the stock’s price is undervalued or not?We can use three financial ratios which will highlight if the current price of stock is undervalued or not.Which are the financial ratios I am talking about?P/E ratio.PEG ratio.Dividend Yield.#1. P/E ratio: This is price to earning ratio.P/E ratio can be calculated by this formula ( =Price / EPS).Calculating P/E ratio is easy. But I will suggest a better trick here.Calculate last 5 years P/E ratio and plot a curve. How to do it? Prepare this table first.If the P/E ratio is above 15, this is first sign of the stock being overvalued. But better will be to compare the stocks P/E with its competitors P/E.The second check point in PE will be to check the PE trend in last 5 years.How to check PE trend? By plotting the PE curve as shown above.If P/E is only growing, it is hinting at overvaluation. While a falling P/E will hint towards undervaluation.#2. PEG ratio: This is ratio between PE and “stock’s potential future growth rate”.P/E ratio can be calculated by this formula ( =PE / EPS growth rate).PEG is a very useful financial ratio for estimating price valuation of a stock.PEG less than 1, is a sign that the stock is undervalued.It is always better to use P/E and PEG ratio together. Why?A stock with high PE, but low PEG (<1) is good.A stock with low PE, but high PEG (>1) is not good.#3. Dividend Yield (DY): This is the ratio between dividend per share and price.DY ratio can be calculated by this formula ( = Dividend per share / price).Dividend yield is a very reliable “value indicator”. Why?Because a stock which will pass this test, will be undervalued for sure.How to do this analysis? Again we will rely on a 5 years trend, instead of one year data.Calculate last 5 years dividend yield, and plot a curve. How to do it? Prepare this table.I personally consider a share yielding dividend more than 3%, as undervalued.But one must not signNow this conclusion by seeing only one year data.Better is to try and forecast the trend of dividend yield for next 3-4 years. How to do it?Use last five years data and plot a curve.The trend in last 5 years curve, will help to extrapolate the dividend yield trend in next 3-4 years.Falling dividend yield is a sign that the share price is moving towards overvaluation.But falling dividend yield can also be due to falling “dividend per share” issued by the company.But in this case, “dividend per share” in last five years has more than doubled (see above table).What does it mean?Dividend per share has increased, but still dividend yield has fallen from 5.74% to 1.66% in 5 years.Moreover, as the present yield is below 3%, hence as per my assumption, this stocks looks overvalued.But it must also be noted that, no method is more certain to quantify share price as overvalued/undervalued, than calculation of intrinsic value.I use my stock analysis worksheet to estimate intrinsic value of my stocks.Conclusion…As an investor, one must buy only good stocks. Good stocks are one whose market price is low and also undervalued.The stocks underlying business should also be strong.Hope this helps!For More Please Visit & Subscribe to My personal Blog:-Market News & Analysis ( So you don’t miss any important Article)If you liked my answer please follow me, It wont cost you anything but it can make my day.

Location: IISc BangaloreNote: long answer aheadI gave the Kvpy SX interview 2017–18.It was my first interview ever. Being a physics enthusiast and ambitious to do pure science after 12th, this interview was very important to me. My calculated score seemed to be pretty decent and I still had a chance of getting a rank below 200 if I get above 80 in the interview.After consulting some seniors and friends I decided to take up electromagnetics and physical chemistry as my strong topics and prepared for the interview.I signNowed the centre by 8 30 AM and waited for about 4 hours before I was finally called in.There were 7–8 interviewers sitting by a long table. Most of them looked young and in their 30s.P: Good afternoon. Have a seat.Me: Good afternoon mam and sirs.P: So Sharaj tell me how have you been preparing for this interview.Me: For last two weeks I have been preparing exclusively for kvpy interview. I went through the concepts of my syllabus and prepared electromagnetics and physical chemistry specificallyP: What about other topicsMe: I went through them but I am not that confident in other topics.P: Ok. So tell me how do you know light is an electromagnetic wave?Me: ( what!? All my life I learn that light is an EM wave and why did it never occur to me why?) Well, I think its because it has sinusoidally varying electric and magnetic fields. Plus it's also non mechanical wave so we know it should be EM waveP: No you just defined an EM wave. But how do you know light is one?Me: (thinks)P: Do you know what diffraction is?Me: Yes mam. But how does that prove….(thinks again)[ well later I realised she was leading me on to polarisation by scattering is phenomenon we observe everyday. And it is caused due the electric fields]P: Ok leave it. Tell me what is lenz law?Me: *answers*P: where do you see it in your real life.Me: *talks about magnet dropped through metallic pipe slows down due to induced currents*P: Ok but where else? Do you know about transformers, step up transformer and all?Me: Yes mam. Step up transformers has two coils with secondary winding more than primary and its used to step up the voltage level.P: go explain it on the board.Me: *goes and draws an air core transformer with 2 coils and explains the apparatus*P: Wait. What is a solenoid?Me: *answers and then continues* Ok here now the current varies in primary which causes a change in flux in secondary and that induced an EMF in the secondary.P: Yes but why is the EMF induced?Me: *Repeats that current is changing and says as a result of faradays law emf is induced.*P: [looks unsatisfied as if she was expecting something else. Maybe I misheard the question] OK leave it. Why does a conductor conduct and not an insulator?Me: there are free electrons in conductor which can move when electric field is applied but in insulators only dipoles can be induced. The electrons are bound.P: So if you rip out all free electrons off a conductor and then apply an AC source across it what would happen.Me: *instantly*it would act as an insulator. It won't conductP: Are you sure?Me: *Thinks and says yes*P: Draw the circuit for AC applied across capacitors. And explain what happens there.[Stupid me! I didn't realise she was leading me to the answer to the previous question. ]Me: *by this time I was already lost as I realised I messed up the interview. I take around a minute to draw the circuit and write Q=CV.* Mam should I derive the impedance equation here(as she asked me to explain the working).P: No that's enough. Q=CV is what I wanted ( not sure if she was being sarcastic)(By this time I had given up already. The chemistry professors C1 and C2 look at me and smile. The math and bio profs don't give a damn and are doing something on their cell phones. Some other prof was sitting in the corner and writing something)C1: Ok now draw the free energy vs reaction coordinates curve.Me: *clumsily starts erasing the board using hands. Then C2 told there was a duster around the corner and to use it.* sir, the free energy..?C1: *repeats* for an exothermic reactionMe: ( well it must be the same as potential energy vs reaction progress graph) *draws this*C2: Are the reactants and products stable?Me: Yes sir but the product is more stable. Hence its exothermic.C1: Yes but your graph doesn't say that.Me: *thinks and has no clue what's wrong *C1: For things to be stable shouldn't its potential energy be at the local minima?Me: Yes *realises and alters the drawing to this*[ In my defense most books including NCERT doesn't have that well in the ends. It was something I learnt during the interview.]C1: Ok now mark the activation energy.Me: *marks everything and explains through graph*C2: What is the EA for backward reaction?Me: *marks*C1: Well tell me, where is the transition state and is it stable?Me: Its at the topmost point and no its not stable ( recalls that intermediate states are the stable states but not transition)C1: Are you sure?Me: Yes sir. It has maximum potential energy and hence its unstable.C1: No there are many degrees of freedom and * talks about stuff I didn't understand. Says something about saddle point*C2: *notices the weird frown I give* they don't have it in their syllabus.Me: (Oh thank god!)C1: Do you have order of reaction in syllabus?Me: yes sir! (Happy because its an easy chapter)C1: What is first order reaction?Me: *answers*C2: What is second order reaction?Me: ( wait! Did I mess up so much that they are asking easy questions now?) *answers*[Now I gather a little confidence and realise 10 minutes are up. (OK ask me questions I”ll answer them!!!)]C1: Ok. You can go now.Me: (No!! Give me more. Let me prove to you that I am worthy to go to iisc. Give another chance. Literally this expression!)*I thank them and leave the room. I come out and I am shocked and disappointed. If I were the interviewer I would hardly give myself 30 marks. I mentally calculate to find that I have very less chance to go to IIsc with such a performance*I come out and my dad just smiles and doesn't ask much. He just says “let's go have lunch”. He might have realised that I messed up.To all who are going to give the interview next…just know that it can go unpredictably good or bad. Just give it and wait for the results. I gave importance mainly to derivations because that's what most of my seniors were asked. But things are never the way you expect them to be!Fingers crossed till the results come.✌peace✌Edit: (20–04–2018)Turns out the interview had not gone as bad as I thought. Might be the interviewers asked relatively difficult problems to test my breaking point. Moreover the aptitude test of 2017 was much more difficult than the previous years.Thank you guys for all the up votes!