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Form SS-8 Application for Worker Status Determination

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DETERMINING INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR STATUS

(Based on IRS Form SS-8)

1. Describe the firm’s business.

2. Describe the work done by the worker.

3. If the work is done under a written agreement between the firm and the worker, attach a copy.

4. If the agreement is not in writing, describe the terms and conditions of the work agreement.

5. If the actual working arrangement differs in any way from the agreement, explain the differences and why they occur.

6. Is the worker given training by the firm?

• If yes, what kind?

• How often?

7. Is the worker given instructions in the way the work is to be done?

• If yes, give specific examples.

8. Attach samples of any written instructions or procedures.

9. Does the firm have the right to change the methods used by the worker or direct that person on how to do the work?

• Explain your answer.

10. Does the operation of the firm’s business require that the worker be supervised or controlled in the performance of the service?

• Explain your answer.

11. The firm engages the worker:

12. Is the worker required to follow a routine or a schedule established by the firm?

• If yes, what is the routine or schedule?

13. Does the worker report to the firm or its representative?

• If yes, how often?

• For what purpose?

• In what manner (in person, in writing, by telephone, etc.)?

• Attach copies of any report forms used in reporting to the firm.

14. Does the worker furnish a time record to the firm?

15. State the kind and value of tools, equipment, supplies, and materials furnished by:

• The firm:

• The worker:

16. What expenses are incurred by the worker in the performance of services for the firm?

17. Does the firm reimburse the worker for any expenses?

• If yes, specify the reimbursed expenses.

18. Will the worker perform the services personally?

19. Does the worker have helpers?

• If yes, who hired the helpers?

• If the helpers are hired by the worker, is the firm’s approval necessary?

• Who pays the helpers?

• If the worker pays the helpers, does the firm repay the worker?

• Are Social Security and Medicare taxes and Federal income tax withheld from the helpers’ pay?

• If yes, who reports and pays these taxes?

• Who reports the helpers’ earnings to the Internal Revenue Service?

• What services do the helpers perform?

20. At what location are the services performed?

21. Type of pay worker receives:

22. Does the firm guarantee a minimum amount of pay to the worker?

23. Does the firm allow the worker a drawing account or advances against pay?

• If yes, is the worker paid such advances on a regular basis?

24. How does the worker pay such advances?

25. Is the worker eligible for a pension, bonus, paid vacations, sick pay, etc.?

• If yes, specify.

26. Does the firm carry Workers’ Compensation insurance on the worker?

27. Does the firm withhold Social Security and Medicare taxes from amounts paid the worker?

28. Does the firm withhold Federal income tax from amounts paid the worker?

29. How does the firm report the worker’s earnings to the Internal Revenue Service?

• Attach a copy.

30. Does the firm bond the worker?

31. Approximately how many hours a day does the worker perform services for the firm?

32. Does the firm set hours of work for the worker?

• If yes, what are the worker’s set hours?

a.m. p.m. to a.m. p.m.

33. Does the worker perform similar services for others?

• If yes, are these services performed on a daily basis for other firms?

• Percentage of time spent in performing these services.

• Does the firm have priority on the worker’s time?

• If no, explain.

34. Is the worker prohibited from competing with the firm either while performing services or during any later period?

35. Can the firm discharge the worker at any time without incurring a liability?

36. Can the worker terminate the services at any time without incurring a liability?

• If no, explain.

37. Does the worker perform services for the firm under:

38. Does the worker advertise or maintain a business listing in the telephone directory, a trade journal, etc.?

• If yes, specify.

39. Does the worker represent him/herself to the public as being in business to perform the same or similar services?

• If yes, how?

40. Does the worker have his/her own shop or office?

• If yes, where?

41. Does the firm represent the worker as an employee of the firm to its customers?

• If no, how is the worker represented?

42. How did the firm learn of the worker’s services?

43. Is a license necessary for the work?

• If yes, what kind of license is required?

• Who issues the license?

• Who pays the license fee?

44. Does the worker have a financial investment in a business related to the services performed?

• If yes, specify and give amount of the investment.

45. Can the worker incur a loss in the performance of the service for the firm?

• If yes, how?

46. Has any other government agency ruled on the status of the firm’s workers?

• If yes, attach a copy of the ruling.

47. Is the same issue being considered by any IRS office in connection with the audit of the worker’s tax return or the firm’s tax return or has it been considered recently?

48. Does the worker assemble or process a product at home or away from the firm’s place of business?

• If yes, who furnishes materials or goods used by the worker?

• Is the worker furnished a pattern or given instruction to follow in making the product?

• Is the worker required to return the finished product to the firm or to someone designated by the firm?

49. Attach a detailed explanation of any other reason why you believe the worker is either an employee or an independent contractor.

50. Are leads to prospective customers furnished by the firm?

51. Is the worker required to pursue or report on leads?

52. Is the worker required to adhere to prices, terms, and conditions of sale established by the firm?

53. Are orders submitted to and subject to approval by the firm?

54. Is the worker expected to attend sales meetings?

• If yes, is the worker subject to any kind of penalty for failing to attend?

55. Does the firm assign a specific territory to the worker?

56. Whom does the customer pay?

57. Does the worker sell a consumer product in a home or establishment other than a permanent retail establishment?

Signature of Firm

Date

Enter text

What the Form SS-8 Is and when it applies

Form SS-8, Application for Worker Status Determination, is the IRS form used to request an official determination whether a worker is an employee or an independent contractor for federal employment tax purposes. A party—worker, payer, or third party—may file when classification is unclear or disputed. An IRS determination addresses tax withholding, FICA, FUTA, and information return obligations for the period reviewed. The form requires detailed facts about the working relationship, written contracts, payment practices, and supporting documents to allow the IRS to apply common-law and statutory tests.

Simple sequence to prepare and file Form SS-8

Follow these four steps to gather information, assemble exhibits, complete the form, and submit to the IRS.

  • 01
    Gather records: Collect contracts, invoices, payment records, and communications.
  • 02
    Document facts: Summarize control, financial relationship, and independence factors.
  • 03
    Complete form: Fill every applicable line and attach exhibits.
  • 04
    Submit to IRS: Mail or e-file per IRS instructions for Form SS-8.

Frequently asked questions about Form SS-8

Answers to common questions about who files, processing effects, and e-signature considerations for Form SS-8.


Need help? Contact support

Why submitting Form SS-8 matters for payroll and tax certainty

A formal IRS determination resolves ambiguity about employment classification, reducing the risk of unexpected payroll tax assessments, information return penalties, and back withholding. It provides documented facts the agency uses to apply the common-law control test and tax rules, which can protect both payers and workers from future disputes.

Why submitting Form SS-8 matters for payroll and tax certainty

Who typically files or relies on a Form SS-8 determination

The determination helps align federal reporting and may inform state-level treatment; consult counsel for complex cases.

  • Independent contractors and gig workers seeking clarity about tax withholding and benefits
  • Employers and staffing firms facing classification disputes or audits
  • Third-party agents, payroll providers, or attorneys filing on behalf of a client

Key security and compliance considerations for electronic handling

Encryption in transit: TLS 1.2/1.3
Encryption at rest: AES-256
HIPAA readiness: BAA available
Regulatory standards: SOC 2 Type II
Legal frameworks: ESIGN and UETA
Accessibility: WCAG 2.0 AA

Principal risks of misclassification and incomplete SS-8 filing

Payroll tax exposure: Employer assessed for unpaid FICA and FUTA
Information return penalties: Penalties under IRC §6721 may apply
Backup withholding: Missing TIN may trigger 24% withholding
Interest and additions: Interest accrues on unpaid taxes
Audit risk: Misclassification increases audit likelihood
State liabilities: State payroll tax assessments possible

Common preparation errors that delay IRS review

  • Submitting incomplete facts or missing exhibits that leave key control questions unanswered and prompt follow-up requests.
  • Relying solely on contract labels rather than describing actual work practices and supervision in the supporting narrative.
  • Failing to provide consistent payment records or examples of typical invoices and reimbursements for the period under review.
  • Using abbreviated or inconsistent names for parties, causing identity verification issues and processing delays.

Overview of the Form SS-8 review process

This flow describes how information moves from filer to IRS review and final determination.

  • Preparation: Assemble facts, documents, and a clear narrative.
  • Submission: Mail or e-file per IRS instructions.
  • IRS review: Examines facts under common-law rules.
  • Determination: IRS issues written employee/independent-contractor finding.

Configuring an online SS-8 submission workflow

Set up a digital process to collect signatures, attach exhibits, and preserve an audit trail for Form SS-8.

Field Configuration
Document upload Allow multi-part PDFs and attachments
Exhibit tagging Label exhibits to match form references
Signer authentication Use email plus SMS or KBA as needed
Audit capture Record IP, timestamp, and actions

Technical requirements for e-signing and archiving SS-8

Retain a tamper-evident copy and a clear audit trail to meet ESIGN/UETA record retention expectations.

  • File formats: PDF, DOCX supported
  • Integrations: Salesforce, NetSuite, Google Workspace
  • Authentication: Email, SMS, SSO options

Timing considerations and IRS processing expectations

There is no statutory filing deadline for Form SS-8; file when classification questions arise or prior to an audit when possible.

When to file:

File whenever classification is unclear or under dispute

Request before audit:

File early to provide documented facts before IRS examination

IRS acknowledgment:

IRS will acknowledge receipt and may request more information

Processing pace:

IRS review times vary; expect multiple contacts for clarification

Effect of determination:

Written decision governs federal employment tax treatment for the period reviewed

Key milestones from preparation to determination

A typical SS-8 matter moves through these stages; each stage may require additional documentation or correspondence.

01

Document collection

Compile contracts, pay records, invoices, and communication samples.

02

Form completion

Complete the form and reference attached exhibits.

03

IRS inquiry

Respond promptly to IRS requests for additional facts.

04

Final notice

IRS issues determination and explains rationale.

Electronic signature versus digital (cryptographic) signature

Understand the legal and technical distinctions when e-signing exhibits or the form itself.

Criteria Electronic Signature Digital Signature
Legal definition 15 u.s.c. §7006 pki-based certificate
Authentication method email/sms certificate authority
Non-repudiation strength audit trail evidence cryptographic non-repudiation
Common use general documents regulated records

eSignature vendor pricing and key capability snapshot

Comparison of starting prices and fundamental capabilities for common eSignature vendors; signNow appears first per platform sourcing.

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Starting Price $8/user/mo $15/user/mo $14/user/mo $19/user/mo $15/user/mo
Free Trial 7-day free trial Varies by vendor Varies by vendor Varies by vendor Varies by vendor
Bulk Send Yes Yes Yes Yes Varied
Audit Trail Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
HIPAA Compliant Yes Yes Yes No No

Practical scenarios showing when to request a determination

Two common scenarios illustrate why parties request Form SS-8 and what supporting evidence helps the IRS reach a decision.

Small staffing agency

A staffing firm notices inconsistent worker classification

  • the firm compiles contracts, timesheets, pay records, and job postings
  • submitting a well-documented SS-8 request clarifies the tax treatment and informs future hiring practices.

Independent contractor dispute

A contractor disputes a payer's classification after receiving an audit notice

  • the contractor provides invoices, client communications, and scope-of-work exhibits
  • an SS-8 request documents facts and may limit retroactive employer assessments.

Typical signers and filers involved with Form SS-8

Employer — HR Director

An HR director collects company records, supervises assembly of contracts and pay records, and often coordinates with payroll and tax counsel to provide a factual statement to the IRS.

Worker — Independent Contractor

A contractor supplies invoices, engagement letters, delivery records, and communications demonstrating the nature of control and independence to support a requested determination.

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