Install eSignature Presentation Safe
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Install eSignature Presentation Safe. Investigate the most end user-helpful exposure to airSlate SignNow. Control your complete document finalizing and discussing method digitally. Change from portable, paper-based and erroneous workflows to computerized, computerized and flawless. You can actually produce, produce and signal any papers on any gadget anywhere. Make sure that your essential company instances don't slide overboard.
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- Design your airSlate SignNow bank account in mouse clicks or log in with your Facebook or Google bank account.
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Moving your tasks into airSlate SignNow is simple. What follows is an easy approach to Install eSignature Presentation Safe, as well as ideas to keep your co-workers and lovers for better collaboration. Empower your staff with the greatest instruments to be along with company processes. Improve productivity and size your small business faster.
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FAQs
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What's a safe website for fast cash loans?
Times can be tough, but that doesn’t mean you should settle for just any short-term loan you can find. Payday loans and installment loans aren’t legal in every state, and even if they are legal, lenders usually have to abide by strict regulations. Any lender that isn’t willing to comply with state law won’t be legit.Finding a legit lender doesn’t have to be difficult. All you need is a good sense of your state laws and a baseline for finding a good deal.What is a legit short-term loan?A legit payday loan is one that is offered to you legally. The lender needs to abide by the regulations set by your state, even if you are temporarily visiting somewhere else. Short-term loans can be applied for online and in-store but fall under the same regulations.Generally, short-term lenders have more relaxed criteria than banks and other lenders. You’ll be able to apply for a short-term loan if you have bad credit, are on a lower income or receive government benefits. However, the relaxed eligibility criteria does mean rates and fees are higher than other loans.Lenders still have to stick to state-mandated APR and can only lend up to the state’s maximum amount.Lenders must make a reasonable judgment on an applicant’s ability to repay the loan. The lender should assess factors such as income, housing expenses and existing debt in determining if the applicant can reasonably repay the loan.If a lender doesn’t ask you for any of that information or doesn’t attempt to evaluate if you can afford the loan, the lender probably isn’t legit. Since there are plenty of lenders that check, you should move on and find one that combines good terms with a strong lending ethic.
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What are the variants of the Boeing 747?
Google and Wikipedia are your friends…I’m your friend too, so let me describe the different variants of the Boeing 747 for you on Quora:747–100First flight: February 9, 1969Number built: 168We start with the first generation 747. The prototype aircraft was named City of Everett, and it took off from the Boeing Field in Washington for its maiden flight.The inaugural commercial 747 flight took place on January 22, 1970. The plane serving the flight was Clipper Victor, the 11th Jumbo Jet built.On August 2, 1970, this plane was involved in the first ever hijacking of a 747. Pan Am Flight 299 was hijacked en-route to San Juan with 379 people aboard.The hijacker had a gun and explosives, and he demanded the captain to fly the plane to Cuba. The captain complied with his order.Having been notified of the hijacking, Cuban Prime Minister Fidel Castro visited Jose Marti Airport to witness the landing of a 747—a plane he had never seen before.Castro was intrigued by the unprecedented size of the Jumbo Jet. When the captain disembarked the plane with the terrorist, Castro bombarded the captain with questions about the jet’s capabilities, seemingly forgetting that he had just endured the sheer terror of a hijack.Unfortunately, Clipper Victor would later be involved in the worst aviation accident ever. On March 27, 1977, while operating as Pan Am Flight 1736, the plane was struck by KLM Flight 4805 on a runway, resulting in 583 fatalities.The second Boeing 747 ever built was turned into a noodle restaurant after retiring from service. However, the restaurant failed and the plane was scrapped.747–100SRFirst flight: August 31, 1973Number built: 7When Japanese airlines requested a high-capacity, domestic version of the 747, Boeing launched the 747–100 Short-Range. This variant has lower fuel capacity, and higher payload allowance. This is the first airliner to be configured to carry more than 500 passengers. Japan Airlines’ 747–100SR can carry up to 550 passengers.As the –100SR was designed to perform twice as many flight cycles as the –100, Boeing had to strengthen its airframe and landing gear.A –100SR was involved in the deadliest single-aircraft aviation accident, when Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashed in 1985, killing 520 people.▲ The aircraft involved in the tragedy.747–100BFirst flight: June 20, 1979Number built: 9This variant borrowed the stronger fuselage and landing gear design from the 747–100SR. Compared to the 747–100, it has a greater fuel capacity and longer range. Boeing also offered new engine options.In 1996, an Ilyushin Il-76TD struck a Boeing 747–100B flying at about 14,000 feet, resulting in the most fatal mid-air collision in history.747–100B SRFirst flight: November 3, 1978Number built: 20The difference between this model and the regular 747–100SR is an increased maximum take-off weight.747–100B SR SUDFirst flight: February 26, 1986Number built: 2This model has the same features as the 747–100B SR, but with a Stretched Upper Deck that is around 7 meters longer, providing a 10% increase in capacity and allowing for more seats. This new upper deck also came with a pair of full-size emergency exit doors for faster evacuation.▲ This image depicts an actual 747–100, not a –300.747–100SFThe 747–100 Special Freighter is a 747–100 converted to carry cargo. A main-deck side cargo door and cargo loading mechanisms were added. The main deck was strengthened to accommodate the increased weight of the payload.If you look closely at the image below, you’ll be able to see three exit doors that are sealed off, and the side cargo door behind the wing.747SPFirst flight: July 4, 1975Number built: 45The 747 Special Performance is truly unique and quirky. It is derived from the 747–100, and it’s about 14.7 meters shorter than a regular 747. It also has one less pair of exit doors on the main deck.It has a stubby fuselage, a huge vertical stabiliser, four turbofan engines and two passenger decks. It just looks ludicrous, and wonderful.The following was stated in Boeing’s 1984 edition of “747 Airplane Characteristics — Airport Planning”:[The 747SP] can fly higher, faster and farther than any other wide-body aircraft, and as a result serves well on long-distance air routes that do not require the size of the standard 747.The 747SP apparently had a top speed of approximately Mach 0.92 (630 mph/ 1013 kmh).One plane was involved in a near-disaster. In February 1985, China Airlines Flight 6 plummeted 30,000 feet in under 2 and a half minutes, before the pilots were able to regain control and level their jet out at 9,600 feet. The flight landed safely.▲ Damage sustained by the plane’s empennageThe plane was repaired, but its wings were permanently bent upwards by 5 cm.747–200BFirst flight: October 11, 1970Number built: 225The “second-generation” 747 entered service in February 1971, just a year after the original model. It has more powerful engines, higher maximum take-off weight and longer range.The 747-200B denotes the “basic” passenger version.▲ The KLM 747–200B that collided with Clipper Victor on the runway747–200FFirst flight: Early 1972Number built: 73This is the first freighter version of the 747 to be manufactured by Boeing.Boeing stated that this plane has “virtually” the same cargo space as the 747–100SF.747–200CFirst flight: Early 1973Number built: 13Equipped with a nose cargo door, the 747–200 Convertible is capable of being quickly converted from a passenger aircraft to a cargo aircraft, and vice versa. It can also carry a mix of cargo and passengers.▲ There are passenger windows on the nose cargo door.An El Al Boeing 747–200C carried a record-breaking 1,087 passengers on a single flight during Operation Solomon in 1991 (figure excludes babies board on the flight).747–200MFirst flight: Late 1974Number built: 78Also known as the –200B Combi, this plane is functionally similar to the –200C. It was built with a passenger cabin in the front half of the plane, and a cargo compartment in the back half.This model does not have a nose cargo door. Instead, a left-side main-deck cargo door was implemented near the rear of the aircraft. Unlike the –200C, this model cannot be converted into an all-cargo configuration.747 (SUD)While Boeing built the 747–100B SR SUD from scratch, they offered the Stretched Upper Deck as a retrofit to the 747–100B, 747–100SR, 747–200B and 747–200M variants.These images show the SUD modification process:All 747s that were upgraded with the extended upper deck were designated as “SUD” models. For example, the “747–200B SUD”.▲ Top: An original KLM 747–200B | Bottom: The same plane with the SUD upgrade747–300First flight: October 5, 1982Number built: 56The 747–300 is the third-generation passenger 747, and it came with the stretched upper deck as standard. To reiterate, the upper deck was stretched to be about 7 meters longer than older, non-retrofitted 747s, and it came with a pair of full-size exit doors.Boeing gave customers the option for updated engines, or the same engines from the 747–200 models.While older 747 variants had spiral staircases connecting the two passenger decks, the 747–300 featured a new staircase design which occupied less space in the cabin, providing room for more seats.▲ Left: Spiral staircase on a 747–200B | Right: Staircase on the 747–300747–300MFirst flight: Late 1982Number built: 21As with the 747–200M, the updated –300M can carry passengers and freight on the main deck. It is also referred to as the 747–300 Combi.747–300SRFirst flight: Late 1987Number built: 4This plane was once again introduced for Japanese airlines. It has a capacity of 584 passengers.747–300SFBoeing didn’t produce a freighter version of the 747–300, but they initiated a modification program in May 2000 to turn the passenger variants into cargo planes.747–400First flight: April 29, 1988Number built: 442The fourth-generation 747 introduced numerous structural and technological advancements, providing greater efficiency. It has more range, more fuel tanks, longer wings, and new wingtips that increase fuel efficiency by 4%.More importantly, this model came equipped with a glass cockpit consisting of multifunctional digital screens, which supersede many analog instruments. More computerised flight control systems were implemented, eliminating the need for a flight engineer and largely reducing the amount of knobs, dials and switches.Additionally, the model came with new powerplants choices and a refreshed passenger cabin. With 442 planes constructed, the 747–400 is the most popular 747 model.Unsurprisingly, the 1000th 747 produced is a 747–400.▲ This plane was delivered to Singapore Airlines in October 1993.747–400FFirst flight: Late 1993Number built: 126The freighter version of the 747–400.Since an extended upper deck is redundant and adds weight to the aircraft, every 747–400F retained the same upper deck dimensions as the 747–200F.747–400MFirst flight: Mid 1989Number built: 61Otherwise known as the 747–400 Combi, this aircraft can haul passengers and cargo on the main deck. Compared to older Combi aircraft, this model came with enhanced fire protection systems.The 747th 747 was a –400M. It was delivered to Lufthansa in September 1989.747–400DFirst flight: Early 1991Number built: 19For their high-capacity, short-range 747–400, Boeing decided to drop the “SR” label in favour of a new name, the 747–400 Domestic.Yet again, this variant was produced for the Japanese market. Because it’s tailored for short-haul flights, no winglets were installed on newly-manufactured 747–400D. Boeing later offered the winglets as a retrofit.This airplane has a maximum capacity of 660 passengers in a single-class configuration.747–400ERFirst flight: July 2002Number built: 6The 747–400 Extended Range was launched with an option of one or two additional fuel tanks in the forward cargo bay. Structural modifications allowed for a higher maximum takeoff weight.▲ Qantas is the sole operator of the –400ERThe Boeing Signature Interior, which debuted on the Boeing 777, was installed on every 747–400ER.The 747–400ER is expected to be retired by 2020.747-400ERFFirst flight: September 2002Number built: 40This model can fly 525 kilometres farther than the standard 747–400F. Like the -400ER, this plane has a more robust structure, enabling higher maximum takeoff weight allowance.747-400BCFFirst flight: October 5, 2005Every 747–400 Boeing Converted Freighter was once a passenger 747–400. Boeing appoints contractors like HAECO and SIAEC to perform the conversion work.Like the –400F, it has a side main-deck door situated behind the wings.747–8IFirst flight: March 20, 2011Number built: 47 as of September 2018Initially named the 747 Advanced, the 747–8 Intercontinental was launched in 2005.This model was developed with technologies and design derived from the 787. For the first time, Boeing lengthened the 747’s airframe. As a result, the 747–8I is the longest 747, and the longest commercial aircraft to date.It is powered by GEnX engines, the same ones found on the 787.The 747–8I features a redesigned wing and raked wingtips inspired by the 787. To reduce weight and improve efficiency, parts of the wings are constructed using carbon-fibre composites.It comes with updated flight deck systems and avionics, along with the Boeing Sky Interior. Its passenger windows are 16% larger than those on the 747–400, but unlike the 787, the windows don’t dim electrically.747–8FFirst flight: February 8, 2010Number built: 82 as of September 2018This freighter aircraft shares many attributes with the 747–8I, including its record fuselage length. However, the dimensions of the upper deck remain identical to original 747.The two 747–8 models are 5.6 meters longer than older 747 models, and 20.3 meters longer than the 747SP. They were stretched in different areas to suit their purposes:DreamlifterFirst flight: September 9, 2006Number converted: 4The 747–400 Large Cargo Freighter, better known as the Dreamlifter, is an oversized cargo transporter. This colossal aircraft has three times the cargo capacity of a –400F. It was exclusively designed and used by Boeing to carry parts of the 787 Dreamliner from suppliers around the world to the assembly plant.Like the –400BCF, this airplane model was converted from passenger 747–400s.▲ This 747–400 is one of the 4 aircraft to be modified into Dreamlifters.The first Dreamlifter rolled out of the hangar in August 2006, and it wasn’t particularly sightly. Then-president of Boeing Commercial Airplanes, Scott Carson, was reportedly heard apologising to the designer of the 747, Joe Sutter, by saying:[Sorry] for what we did to your plane.VC-25AFirst flight: May 16, 1987Number built: 2Commonly mistaken as the “Air Force One”, the VC-25A is a heavily modified version of the 747–200B. It’s only known as Air Force One when the POTUS is on board.In recent years, it has made many cameo appearances in tabloid newspapers.VC-25BFirst flight: July 8, 2016 (as a 747–8I)Number to be converted: 2The VC-25B will supplant the ageing VC-25A. It should be operational by 2024.To keep costs low, the US Air Force purchased two 747–8I airplanes that were originally built for a Russian airline which went bankrupt.▲ The two undelivered 747s destined to be VC-25Bs, stored in the Mojave desert747 SupertankerFirst flight: February 19, 2004Number converted: 3This is a Boeing 747 variant that was transformed into an aerial firefighting air tanker. It can carry up to 74,000 litres of fire retardant or water, and holds the record for the largest firefighting aircraft.Three Supertankers were built from a 747–100, –200C and –400BCF. However, only two entered service. This image below shows the 747–100 Supertanker:Presently, only the 747–400BCF Supertanker is in service.▲ This passenger plane was first converted into a freighter, then an air tanker.SOFIAFirst flight: April 26, 2007The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy is a heavily retrofitted 747SP. It has a telescope installed near the rear of the airframe, and flies at up to 45,000 feet during its missions.This 747SP was formerly owned by Pan Am, and subsequently United.▲ SOFIA, before make-up▲ SOFIA, after make-upBoeing YAL-1First flight: July 18, 2002This plane was once a 747–400F, before becoming the YAL-1 Airborne Laser. It has an infrared chemical laser mounted on its nose, which was intended to destroy tactical ballistic missiles.▲ This plane gives Rudolph a run for its moneyThe plane successfully destroyed two test missiles. However, it was expensive and not operationally feasible. Hence, it was scrapped in 2014.Boeing E-4First flight: June 13, 1973Number built: 4The E-4 is an airborne strategic command and control post. It is derived from the 747–200B. When in operation, the E-4 is identified as a “National Airborne Operations Center”.This plane is capable of aerial refuelling, and was designed to remain airborne for a week during an emergency.▲ This 747 variant has a hump on top of its hump, which houses an antenna.There are two versions of the model, the E-4A and E-4B. The US Air Force initially had three E-4A planes. In 1979, Boeing delivered a new E-4, with upgraded equipment, which was designated as the E-4B. Thereafter, the E-4A jets were refurbished to become E-4B models.Shuttle Carrier AircraftFirst flight with a space shuttle: February 18, 1977Number converted: 2The Shuttle Carrier Aircraft was designed to transport space shuttles from landing sites back to the launch complex. In 1974, an American Airlines 747–100 was acquired by NASA and turned into the SCA.During the maiden flight with an orbiter, Enterprise, the SCA signNowed a speed of 462 km/h (287 mph), and an altitude of 16,000 feet.In 1988, a 747–100SR was obtained from Japan Airlines and converted into a second SCA.▲ The SCA piggybacking Space Shuttle Enterprise▲ Space Shuttle Endeavour riding on the SCAAfter the conclusion of the space shuttle program, the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft carried the shuttles from the Kennedy Space Centre to various museums.Thereafter, the SCA were sourced for spare parts that could be reused on SOFIA. Both planes are now preserved at museums.▲ The 747–100 SCA on display at Space Center HoustonJumbohostelFirst night: January 15, 2009This 747–200B was transformed into a hostel.After some additional work, the engine nacelles were turned into small rooms.Let’s move on to some 747 variants that were conceptualised but never built.747 trijetPeriod of study: Late 1960s — Early 1970sBoeing engineers crafted a concept for a 747 trijet to compete with the DC-10 and L-1011, but they realised it was too costly to develop. Boeing engineers figured that making a three-engine version of the 747 would require a redesign of the wings and the vertical stabiliser, along with other hassles that made the concept uneconomical.So, Boeing scrapped the 747 trijet.747–500X/ –600X/ –700XAnnounced: September 2, 1996Boeing proposed three versions of the 747 with longer fuselages as potential competitors to the hypothetical A3XX plane, which would later become the A380.The concept models were to feature an improved wing design taken from the Boeing 777, more landing gear wheels and a new interior design.▲ 747–400 (Top) compared to the 500X and 600XThe 747–600X and –700X were planned to receive longer and wider fuselages, while retaining the existing wing dimensions and landing gear structures. Furthermore, Boeing stated that the –700X would potentially have a capacity of 650 passengers in a typical three-class configuration.The –500X and –600X were offered for sale at the 1996 Farnborough Airshow, but they didn’t receive any orders. Thereafter, Boeing axed these three models.Oh and one last variant…747–8 PSPImagined: October 18, 2018The Boeing 747–8 Photoshopped Special Performance is the chubbiest 747 ever.Thanks for viewing.// //If you’re interested to know how the worst aviation accident in history happened, and learn about other mid-air disasters, check out Isaac Low's answer to Have planes crashed into each other?Image sources1st — General Aviation News2nd — Aviation Safety Network3rd — The Pan Am Historical Foundation4th — Vecamspot5th — SOBIFY6th — Wikimedia Commons7th — National Geographic8th — Wikimedia Commons9th — Dennis HKG/Flickr10th — Wikimedia Commons11th — Wikimedia Commons12th — Wikimedia Commons13th — Airliners[.]net14th — Cargo Facts15th — NACOE16th — Airline Reporter17th — Top: Airport-Data[.]com | Bottom: Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives18th — Airlines Inform19th — Left: Sam Chui | Right: Airliners[.]net20th — Airplane-Pictures[.]net21st — Wikimedia Commons22nd — Rohan Patel/Flickr23rd — Wikimedia Commons24th — Air Charter25th — (Thumbnail of YouTube video by akino33 Aviation Video Channel)26th — Wikimedia Commons27th — Airliners[.]net28th — Airplane-Pictures[.]net29th — Wikimedia Commons30th — Wikimedia Commons31st — Wired32nd — Modern Airliners33rd — Wikimedia Commons34th — australianaviation[.]com[.]au35th — JetPhotos36th — indicator[.]gr37th — unilad[.]co[.]uk38th — Defense One39th — Planespotters[.]net40th — The Gazette41st — Wikimedia Commons42nd — Wikimedia Commons43rd — SOFIA Science Centre44th — Wikimedia Commons45th — Wikimedia Commons46th — Wikimedia Commons47th — NASA48th — Wikimedia Commons49th — Amusing Planet50th — Hostelworld[.]com51st — robertcatanescu[.]wordpress[.]com52nd — Simple Flying53rd — Boeing Images54th — Wikimedia Commons (photo edited by me)Note: Due to Quora’s policy, I cannot add the image URL sources in my answer. To view the image links, click here.
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Do you need a loan to stop your troubles? Easy loan?
Try this site where you can find the best solutions for all your personal financial needs://creditandfinancesol.info/index.html?src=compare//RELATEDCar Insurance parked hit and run question?I have USAA as my auto insurance. Here’s the back story. I was parallel parked alongside a street here in Atlanta and a car (more than likely) was trying to get out of his/her space and hit the left driver side bumper pretty hard (ruining the paint and loosening up the bumper pretty good…and cracking the tail light). This person did not leave a note. I have my 500 deductible. I also have uninsured motorists coverage. Right now USAA is saying that I will have to pay the $500 ded. Why couldn’t they put it under the uninsured motorists coverage I have instead so I wouldn’t have to pay a dime? Is it within reason to call them and ask for this issue to be adjusted? If so, what points can I make to insure I get the deductible taken care of under the uninsured motorists coverage? Thank you for your help!”How much would insurance be on a Nissan 350z?Hi guys!! Ok so I’m soon to get a 2003–2006 Nissan 350z Touring or Enthusiast. Maybe around 9000$ to 15000. I’m almost 18 and what would insurance be like for me??? Allstate, State Farm, ect. I just need a basic monthly quote! Thanks!!”Flying insurance????????????do u need insurance if you are flying in a private jet charter (like a private jet)What are the best websites to get car insurance quotes from different companies in New York City?What are the best websites to get car insurance quotes from different companies in New York City?Geico Car Insurance?I have a 2013 Mitsubishi Lancer GT. My mother took the loan out and I was wondering can I get my own insurance (19 years old) and insurance the mitsubishi even though the loan is in her name?Co-op Health Insurance?Can anybody out there tell me how does Co-op Health insurance work. im researching for a paper in my finance class and cant find info elsewhereWhat is car insurance for a first time driver?Okay i am 18 and have never had my license before and am going to be getting it at the end of this month…soon we are going to start getting insurace quotes for my car, we have been talking about what would be the best way to go about getting the cheapest insurance…so would it be best to put the car in my name but then just be added to my parents insurance and have me as the primary driver OR would it make a difference if we put the car in one of my parents name and then had me listed as the secondary driver for the car ? OR maybe you know a better way to go about this please give me all the advice you know about this! thanks”Will taking a defensive driving class lower my insurance and take points off my driving record?Ive been in two car accidents one in Nov.2007 and the other Feb. 2008 and i was wondering if taking a defensive driving course would take points off my driving record and lower my insurance.Car insurance INCREASE every 6 months with no accidents/tickets? wtf!?Last year I had Unitrin Direct….they were charging me $85 a month…this is with NO tickets or accidents for the last 5 years of my driving record….this is also with the BASIC insurance that you need in Florida…10/10/20…NO collision…and a $1000 deductible….. So at the end of my 6 months…it was time for a renewal…they tried to bump me up to $140 a month for no reason…still no accidents/tickets…nothing had changed…i had expected my rate to DECREASE….they tell me it’s a STATEWIDE INCREASE ……so i called around… Ended up switching to Allstate who has been charging me $90 a month (better than $140 right?)…..6 months go by, everything’s cool…..now my policy renewal is coming up and they’re trying to tell me i need to pay $160 a month for their basic insurance. Are you kidding me? And according to them it’s another STATEWIDE INSURANCE INCREASE …… They also told me that it could be due to not having CONSECUTIVE insurance for the last few years, as in…I switched from State Farm to Unitrin to Allstate……they told me call the state insurance commissioner…which I did…. Got connected to some guy in Gainesville who tells me that the INSURANCE companies are the ones who decide the rates and increases…not them. Pretty much BS….Allstate’s blaming the state, state’s blaming them…feels like a huge runaround to me. Guess my questions are…. Should I stick with Allstate and pay $160 a month for this absolute BASIC insurance (keep in mind..no collision, $1000 deductible)…my car’s not even worth a YEAR of their insurance. …. Or shop around? But if I switch back to Unitrin or get Geico or whatever….will I risk having ANOTHER increase after 6 months? And is it true that one of the reasons for these statewide increases is not having consecutive insurance with the same company for so many years? Thanks all.”I’m on a fixed income with 3 cats. Does any cat owner know of a good affordable cat insurance plan?*I purr..fer to hear from people that already have a good affordable cat insurance plan.
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Can I borrow some money?
if you need money, there are ways you can get it safely and quicklyThere are times in life where you need money for a late bill or an emergency expense, but you might not know where to start on an often time-consuming and frustrating process. Our article below outlines the ways you can borrow money fast so you don’t have to spend time worrying about filling the gap between paychecks.Few month ago I need some urgent money, My friend Henry suggest me to take money from this website its reliable and you can get urgent money just after fill a form.So I did it.And get Money within 3 hours .This is the website URLOnline short term loans have less strict requirements than a traditional loan.One way to minimize interest rates how much a short term loan will cost is to only borrow the amount of money you need to cover your expenses and to choose the shortest repayment period you can afford.Here is the process3 Easy Steps1. Complete the Short Loan Request Form2. Our Network of Lenders Reviews Your Request – You Can Get a Loan Offer3. If Approved, Review and Accept Your Loan – All Conveniently OnlineRemember, our service is free and you’re not obligated to accept any loan offer.Eligibility:You do not need to have a perfect credit score to be eligible for a bad credit loan. Customers with poor credit may still qualify for a loan; however, our lenders do not typically provide loans over $1,000 to bad-credit individuals. Please note that meeting these requirements does not mean you will be connected to a lender.Requirements:Be at least 18 years old.Provide proof of citizenship, such as a Social Security number, or legal residency.Have a regular income, either from full-time employment, self-employment, or disability or Social Security benefits.Have a checking account in your name.Provide work and home telephone numbers.Provide a valid email address.Loan Process:Our loan request process is designed to connect you with the lender from our network who can assist with your financial needs. If successfully connected, our lender network will verify your information quickly and review your loan request.Depending upon the information you provide, a lender might respond with a loan offer. You should take your time in reviewing all details of any loan you’re considering. You will not be obligated to accept the offer if it is not the right offer for you!When you decide to accept your loan, just agree to the lender’s terms via e-signature. (Remember, you are under no obligation to accept any loan offered.)Once you add your electronic signature to the lender’s contract, they will distribute the loan funds to your checking account via direct deposit. All funds should be available as soon as the next business day, however, the exact availability timeframe will depend on your lender’s deposit process.Best and trusted online loanRepayment:The lender will present you with the repayment schedule and you will be able to repay your installment loan off over time rather than all at once.That’s all there is to it! Our lenders require no collateral, and you will not be denied a loan solely based on a poor credit history. Your steady income and checking account is the only security required.Note: Bad Credit Loans is not a lender; rather, They specialize in connecting borrowers with Their network of bad credit lenders and financial service providers. Bad Credit Loans cannot dictate your loan terms, conditions or interest rates/fees.
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Should I install Quick Heal antivirus software on my Windows 10 laptop?
To understand if you should go for Quick Heal or any other AV, you need to understand that Anti-Virus or Security Products are just a layer of protection for your system, Windows 10 does provide you a layer of Security in form of Windows Defender which comes pre-built and gets updated for Virus Signatures just like other AVs. However it lacks many security features say for instance considering what Quick Heal provides Advanced Behavior Detection, Anti-Ransomware, Browsing + Phishing Protection, E-Mail Protection (if you use a email client) and so many other features.Now what I am trying to say is in case where there is a new malware which the prebuilt Windows protection does not protects because of signature being not present, the extra layers provided by AVs like Quick Heal is like an extra cushion or added measure to protect your system (Quick Heal also provides Virus definition updates).Since I have been associated with Quick Heal I would definitely recommend buying it, as it is not just good feature wise but Quick Heal provides excellent Support, which is a con I have observed with other AV products.Stay Smart! Stay Cyber Safe!P.S.: Just like other AVs, since Quick Heal provides so much in terms of features, in order to run those features, it will use a good amount of memory, ensure you have good RAM on your system. :)
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What should I look for on my computer if I'm worried about spyware installed by my ex?
Hello concerned user, You are worried about a suspicion that a spyware or keylogger might be installed on your computer? If yes… I would like to educate you more about spyware/keyloggers, what to look for and how to totally get rid of them. For this, I would use the Blazing tools perfect keylogger as a detailed example for you to really understand how spywares work;The Blazing Tools Perfect Keylogger has been chosen for analysis because it has been found hidden in so many Trojans on the Internet and it’s be taught extensively how to get it out totally out of a computer permanently at Rehabculture Hack store. It's a good example of a common hook-type keylogger, although Blazing Tools markets its products to IT administrators and parents, the presence of their keylogger in many Trojans illustrates how people can package legal code and use it for malicious activities. The following features of the "Perfect Keylogger" are of use to anyone trying to spy on an unsuspecting user:Stealth Mode. In this mode no icon is present in the taskbar and the keylogger is virtually hidden.Remote Installation. The keylogger has a feature whereby it can attach to other programs and can be sent by e-mail to install on the remote PC in stealth mode. It will then send keystrokes, screenshots and websites visited to the attacker by e-mail or via FTP.Smart Rename. This feature allows a user to rename all keylogger's executable files and registry entries.This keylogger was installed on a test PC to show you how it works and what to look out for. The following capture, with the help of a tool such as SNAPPER, shows the changes in the files after installing the keylogger, as shown below in Figure 1.Figure 1. File changes made by the Perfect Keylogger.With the help of a free anti-spyware application such as Microsoft Antispyware, the registry entries made by the keylogger as well as its DLLs and EXEs can be seen below in Figure 2.Figure 2. Registry entries, .dll files and .exe files of Keylogger.The keylogger also runs as a background process which can be seen with the help of a tool such as SysInternals' Process Explorer, as shown below in Figure 3.Figure 3. Spyware process running in the background.This same keylogger was next installed on a different test PC through another program's installer and then configured to send keystrokes captured in an email to a test email-id. Ironically, the program used for this example was Spybot Search & Destroy, a legitimate freeware tool that does a good job of detecting spyware. This is a good example of how other legitimate applications can also be used to install spyware, unbeknownst to the reader.The procedure as described above is the Remote Installation feature. The information sent by email was then captured with the help of a network sniffer. For ease-of-use, Ethereal and the corresponding TCP stream is shown below in Figure 4 and Figure 5.Figure 4. Ethereal captures the keylogger's outgoing email.Figure 5. TCP stream of Ethereal capture.Since the content of this email is base64 encoded, the actual output can be seen only after decoding it with a base64 decoder. After passing the output through a base64 decoder, the part of the output of significance is shown as follows:Tuesday, 23 JanuaryIexplore.exe, 10:42 AMPaladion Networks: The Internet Security Architects - Microsoft Internet Explorerahmed_mobarak_1986eg@hotmail.com|alexander [PASSWORD CAPTURED: alexander]It can be seen that the email-id (ahmed_mobarak_1986eg) and the password (alexander) are captured. Similarly, the keylogger can be used to capture all types of passwords including passwords used for proxies, email accounts, and online banking applications. It can also capture programming code typed by a developer, instant messaging text, and the URLs of websites visited by the user.New approaches:With the market being inundated with new anti-spyware products, spyware creators have now resorted to unorthodox methods of sustenance. One such example is the nasty ability of the spyware code to keep reinstalling itself. Although anti-spyware applications can remove the spyware's registry entry from one location, most of them are found lacking in cleaning hidden registry entries that try to have the software reinstalled on boot. Another approach is to make the spyware application load into memory very early in the boot process (before the Operating System loads user-level processes). In this case, when a user tries to uninstall the software with an anti-spyware application, the OS will not allow this as it tries to protect the integrity of a running program (spyware) that it doesn't control.Detection and removal:A spyware application is inherently very different in behavior and operation from a traditional virus or a worm, and therefore to most antivirus software, it may appear as a legitimate program. The fact is, virus signatures are very different from spyware signatures. Firewalls also are ineffective in dealing with them as spyware is either piggybacked with legitimate applications, hidden in a regular image file, or can occur as normal port 80 web traffic.Therefore, the essence of any spyware prevention exercise is first to ensure the operating system is fully patched to known vulnerabilities. The best prevention, aside from switching to less vulnerable operating systems like Mac OS X and Linux, is to educate users that it is not safe to click on anything and everything found on the Web, and they must also install only what is needed. Freebies on the Internet, ones which are often typically advertised in pop-up banners, must be totally abstained from. Other methods of avoiding spyware are to ensure the browser used is configured securely, and to have at least one good spyware detection and removal tool installed. Microsoft Antispyware, Ad-Aware, PestPatrol, and Spy Sweeper are some of the free tools that help in detecting and removing spyware.Please note that spyware is largely, but not exclusively, a problem with Microsoft's Internet Explorer. The user of more modern, feature-rich browsers such as Mozilla Firefox can virtually eliminate the spyware problem altogether. However, it is still the case that some websites are coded to only work with IE, and therefore switching to Firefox may not be a solution for 100% of a user's web surfing needs.Ultimately, the only protection and removal of these spywares/keyloggers is to get a computer security engineer to scan and get rid of these malwares permanently. You can get one at Rehabculture Hack store, because that was where we were taught how to detect and upgrade our system against all trojan horse worms and virus. Be informed, as “Information is power”…
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Will the ransomware WannaCry do India more good than harm? Can we hope that this attack will instigate the people and government
Seeing this message ? Don’t despair, you are among more than 200,000 computers in 150 countries which have been affected.(Know more at: WannaCry ransomware: Everything you need to know, Why the WannaCry cyber attack is so bad, and so avoidable - Video)Although, it was initially reported that the impact on India will be HUGE. It is now being reported that the impact will be MINIMAL/ Sporadic.(Ref: WannaCry ransomware cyberattack fails to paralyse India; some businesses hit - Times of India)But, the caveat is that the impact may go under reported. Experts say that the rampant use of pirated software in India may leave Indian companies unable to report if they have been affected by the Wanna Cry cyber attack.(Ref: WannaCry ransomwares impact in India may go under-reported due to rampant use of pirate software)So yes, It may do more good than harm. We do hope that this attack will instigate the people and the gov of India to take major steps against internet piracy and to implement advanced computer networks and security measures. But it is up to each and every user and network administrator, to secure their own systems.It is incorrect to say that India was most affected because it is least protected. In fact, the impact was much lesser than expected. The government too tried to dispel rumors about banking telecom or aviation being hit by the outbreak. "There is no major impact in India unlike other countries. We are keeping a close watch. There have been isolated incidents in Kerala and Andhra Pradesh," Union information and technology minister Ravi Shankar Prasad said.Prasad said a Cyber Coordination Centre will start operating from next month to take precautions against such attacks in future. Besides, the cyber security arm of the Centre has asked banks, stock exchanges, and other vital institutions to safeguard their systems against the malware.The IT ministry has also signNowed out to agencies such as the RBI, NPCI and UIDAI, to warn them about the risks associated with WannaCry, and help to secure their systems, in order to make sure that digital payments in India are not affected.The Reserve Bank of India has notified all banks to operate their ATMs only after updating software systems to avoid being infected by ransomware. Automated teller machines are vulnerable to such malware attacks as they currently run on an older version of Microsoft's Windows XP, making the update highly necessary.There are a total of 2.2 lakh ATMs in India, of which many old ones run on Windows XP, for which Microsoft has officially ended support in 2014.IMPORTANT: If your PC has been infected, the following information will be of help:- (Source: Cyber Swachhta Kendra: Wannacry/ WannaCrypt Ransomware)The WannaCry ransom ware is writing itself into a random character folder in the 'ProgramData' folder with the file name of "tasksche.exe" or in 'C:\Windows\' folder with the file-name "mssecsvc.exe" and "tasksche.exe".Ransomware is granting full access to all files by using the command:Icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /QUsing a batch script for operations:176641494574290.bathashes for WANNACRY ransomware:5bef35496fcbdbe841c82f4d1ab8b7c2775a0631fb8229b2aa3d7621427085ad7bf2b57f2a205768755c07f238fb32cc7f7ccaa16fb15eb1c7399d422f8363e88495400f199ac77853c53b5a3f278f3e84c82835a5d21bbcf75a61706d8ab54986721e64ffbd69aa6944b9672bcabb6d8dd63adb68ef053e044a5a2f46e0d2cdb0ad5902366f860f85b892867e5b1e87d6114ba5f10ad67a4131ab72531f02dadb349b97c37d22f5ea1d1841e3c89eb4e372d07207b4da75b3434584cd9f3450f529f4556a5126bba499c26d67892240Use endpoint protection/antivirus solutions to detect these files and remove the sameUsers and administrators are advised to take the following preventive measures to protect their computer networks from ransomware infection/ attacks:In order to prevent infection users and organizations are advised to apply patches to Windows systems as mentioned in Microsoft Security Bulletin MS17-010Microsoft Patch for Unsupported Versions such as Windows XP,Vista,Server 2003, Server 2008 etc. http://www.catalog.update.micros...To prevent data loss Users & Organisations are advised to take backup of Critical DataBlock SMB ports on Enterprise Edge/perimeter network devices [UDP 137, 138 and TCP 139, 445] or Disable SMBv1. https://support.microsoft.com/en...Apply following signatures/rules at IDS/IPSalert tcp $HOME_NET 445 -> any any (msg:"ET EXPLOIT Possible ETERNALBLUE MS17-010 Echo Response"; flow:from_server,established; content:"|00 00 00 31 ff|SMB|2b 00 00 00 00 98 07 c0|"; depth:16; fast_pattern; content:"|4a 6c 4a 6d 49 68 43 6c 42 73 72 00|"; distance:0; flowbits:isset,ETPRO.ETERNALBLUE; classtype:trojan-activity; sid:2024218; rev:2;)(http://docs.emergingthreats.net/bin/view/Main/2024218)alert smb any any -> $HOME_NET any (msg:"ET EXPLOIT Possible ETERNALBLUE MS17-010 Echo Request (set)"; flow:to_server,established; content:"|00 00 00 31 ff|SMB|2b 00 00 00 00 18 07 c0|"; depth:16; fast_pattern; content:"|4a 6c 4a 6d 49 68 43 6c 42 73 72 00|"; distance:0; flowbits:set,ETPRO.ETERNALBLUE; flowbits:noalert; classtype:trojan-activity; sid:2024220; rev:1;)alert smb $HOME_NET any -> any any (msg:"ET EXPLOIT Possible ETERNALBLUE MS17-010 Echo Response"; flow:from_server,established; content:"|00 00 00 31 ff|SMB|2b 00 00 00 00 98 07 c0|"; depth:16; fast_pattern; content:"|4a 6c 4a 6d 49 68 43 6c 42 73 72 00|"; distance:0; flowbits:isset,ETPRO.ETERNALBLUE; classtype:trojan-activity; sid:2024218; rev:1;)Yara:rule wannacry_1 : ransom{meta:author = "Joshua Cannell"description = "WannaCry Ransomware strings"weight = 100date = "2017-05-12"Strings:$s1 = "Ooops, your files have been encrypted!" wide ascii nocase$s2 = "Wanna Decryptor" wide ascii nocase$s3 = ".wcry" wide ascii nocase$s4 = "WANNACRY" wide ascii nocase$s5 = "WANACRY!" wide ascii nocase$s7 = "icacls . /grant Everyone:F /T /C /Q" wide ascii nocaseCondition:any of them}rule wannacry_2{meta:author = "Harold Ogden"description = "WannaCry Ransomware Strings"date = "2017-05-12"weight = 100strings:$string1 = "msg/m_bulgarian.wnry"$string2 = "msg/m_chinese (simplified).wnry"$string3 = "msg/m_chinese (traditional).wnry"$string4 = "msg/m_croatian.wnry"$string5 = "msg/m_czech.wnry"$string6 = "msg/m_danish.wnry"$string7 = "msg/m_dutch.wnry"$string8 = "msg/m_english.wnry"$string9 = "msg/m_filipino.wnry"$string10 = "msg/m_finnish.wnry"$string11 = "msg/m_french.wnry"$string12 = "msg/m_german.wnry"$string13 = "msg/m_greek.wnry"$string14 = "msg/m_indonesian.wnry"$string15 = "msg/m_italian.wnry"$string16 = "msg/m_japanese.wnry"$string17 = "msg/m_korean.wnry"$string18 = "msg/m_latvian.wnry"$string19 = "msg/m_norwegian.wnry"$string20 = "msg/m_polish.wnry"$string21 = "msg/m_portuguese.wnry"$string22 = "msg/m_romanian.wnry"$string23 = "msg/m_russian.wnry"$string24 = "msg/m_slovak.wnry"$string25 = "msg/m_spanish.wnry"$string26 = "msg/m_swedish.wnry"$string27 = "msg/m_turkish.wnry"$string28 = "msg/m_vietnamese.wnry"condition:any of ($string*)}Best practices to prevent ransomware attacks:Perform regular backups of all critical information to limit the impact of data or system loss and to help expedite the recovery process. Ideally, this data should be kept on a separate device, and backups should be stored offline.Establish a Sender Policy Framework (SPF),Domain Message Authentication Reporting and Conformance (DMARC), and DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) for your domain, which is an email validation system designed to prevent spam by detecting email spoofing by which most of the ransomware samples successfully signNowes the corporate email boxes.Don't open attachments in unsolicited e-mails, even if they come from people in your contact list, and never click on a URL contained in an unsolicited e-mail, even if the link seems benign. In cases of genuine URLs close out the e-mail and go to the organization's website directly through browserRestrict execution of powershell /WSCRIPT in enterprise environment Ensure installation and use of the latest version (currently v5.0) of PowerShell, with enhanced logging enabled. script block logging, and transcription enabled. Send the associated logs to a centralized log repository for monitoring and analysis.Application whitelisting/Strict implementation of Software Restriction Policies (SRP) to block binaries running from %APPDATA%, %PROGRAMDATA% and %TEMP% paths. Ransomware sample drops and executes generally from these locations. Enforce application whitelisting on all endpoint workstations.Deploy web and email filters on the network. Configure these devices to scan for known bad domains, sources, and addresses; block these before receiving and downloading messages. Scan all emails, attachments, and downloads both on the host and at the mail gateway with a reputable antivirus solution.Disable macros in Microsoft Office products. Some Office products allow for the disabling of macros that originate from outside of an organization and can provide a hybrid approach when the organization depends on the legitimate use of macros. For Windows, specific settings can block macros originating from the Internet from running.Configure access controls including file, directory, and network share permissions with least privilege in mind. If a user only needs to read specific files, they should not have write access to those files, directories, or shares.Maintain updated Antivirus software on all systemsConsider installing Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit, or similar host-level anti-exploitation tools.Block the attachments of file types, exe|pif|tmp|url|vb|vbe|scr|reg|cer|pst|cmd|com|bat|dll|dat|hlp|hta|js|wsfRegularly check the contents of backup files of databases for any unauthorized encrypted contents of data records or external elements, (backdoors /malicious scripts.)Keep the operating system third party applications (MS office, browsers, browser Plugins) up-to-date with the latest patches.Follow safe practices when browsing the web. Ensure the web browsers are secured enough with appropriate content controls.Network segmentation and segregation into security zones - help protect sensitive information and critical services. Separate administrative network from business processes with physical controls and Virtual Local Area Networks.Disable remote Desktop Connections, employ least-privileged accounts.Ensure integrity of the codes /scripts being used in database, authentication and sensitive systems, Check regularly for the integrity of the information stored in the databases.Restrict users' abilities (permissions) to install and run unwanted software applications.Enable personal firewalls on workstations.Implement strict External Device (USB drive) usage policy.Employ data-at-rest and data-in-transit encryption.Carry out vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) and information security audit of critical networks/systems, especially database servers from CERT-IN empaneled auditors. Repeat audits at regular intervals.Individuals or organizations are not encouraged to pay the ransom, as this does not guarantee files will be released. Report such instances of fraud to CERT-In and Law Enforcement agenciesGeneric Prevention Tools:Tool (NoMoreCry) to prevent Wannacry Ransomware by CCN-CERT:https://loreto.ccn-cert.cni.es/i...Sophos: http://Hitman.Prohttps://www.hitmanpro.com/en-us/...Bitdefender Anti-Crypto Vaccine and Anti-Ransomware (discontinued) https://labs.bitdefender.com/2016/03/combination-crypto-ransomware-vaccine-released/Malwarebytes Anti-Ransomware(formally Crypto Monitor)https://blog.malwarebytes.com/malwarebytes-news/2016/01/introducing-the-malwarebytes-anti-ransomware-beta/Trendmicro Ransomware Screen Unlocker tool:https://esupport.trendmicro.com/...Microsoft Enhanced mitigation and experience toolkit(EMET)https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/...Referenceshttps://technet.microsoft.com/li...http://www.catalog.update.micros...https://blogs.technet.microsoft....https://www.symantec.com/connect...https://securelist.com/blog/inci...https://securingtomorrow.mcafee....https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/cur...http://blog.talosintelligence.co...https://www.trendmicro.com/vinfo...https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/ale...http://blogs.quickheal.com/ms17-...http://blogs.quickheal.com/wanna...Wannacry/WannaCrypt Ransomware Presentation of CERT-In(PS: Thanks for reading/ upvotes. I write more here:- Jay Maan)
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Can the average citizen prepare a bill or proposal to promote and that will go to the legislature of the state of residence or b
Can you write a proposal that can become a bill? Sure, feel free to give it a shot.Now, once you've written the law, you still need to get a representative to introduce it. If it's a good idea, or your congressman has an interest in the matter, or you represent a lobby or a group of people, you might actually get a chance to get it dropped in the hopper and introduced as a bill.In some US states you can have it voted on by the entire citizenry under what is know as the referendum or ballot initiative process. The requirements to getting it on the ballot differ by state, but generally you need to obtain a certain number of signatures on a petition and then get that certified by the Secretary of State or clerk. However, you should note that the actual text of the legislation is often very technical and legal. While, following the example of Schoolhouse Rocks, you might think "All School Buses should stop at railroad crossings" the actual controlling language would be something more complicated.WA State Code: Certain vehicles must stop at all railroad grade crossings - Exceptions - Definition.(1)(a) The driver of any of the following vehicles must stop before the stop line, if present, and otherwise within fifty feet but not less than fifteen feet from the nearest rail at a railroad grade crossing unless exempt under subsection (3) of this section: (i) A school bus or private carrier bus carrying any school child or other passenger;.... (b) While stopped, the driver must listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching train and for signals indicating the approach of a train. The driver may not proceed until he or she can do so safely. (2) After stopping at a railroad grade crossing and upon proceeding when it is safe to do so, the driver must cross only in a gear that permits the vehicle to traverse the crossing without changing gears. The driver may not shift gears while crossing the track or tracks. (3) This section does not apply at any railroad grade crossing where: (a) Traffic is controlled by a police officer or flagger. (b) A functioning traffic control signal is transmitting a green light. (c) The tracks are used exclusively for a streetcar or industrial switching purposes. (d) The utilities and transportation commission has approved the installation of an "exempt" sign in accordance with the procedures and standards under RCW 81.53.060. (e) The crossing is abandoned and is marked with a sign indicating it is out-of-service. (f) The state patrol has, by rule, identified a crossing where stopping is not required. (g) The superintendent of public instruction has, by rule, identified a circumstance under which a school bus or private carrier bus carrying any school child or other passenger is not required to stop. (4) For the purpose of this section, "commercial motor vehicle" means: Any vehicle with a manufacturer's seating capacity for eight or more passengers, including the driver, that transports passengers for hire; any private carrier bus; any vehicle used to transport property that has a gross vehicle weight rating, gross combination weight rating, gross vehicle weight, or gross combination weight of 4,536 kg (10,001 pounds) or more; and any vehicle used in the transportation of hazardous materials as defined in RCW 46.25.010.[2011 c 151 § 6. Prior: 2010 c 15 § 1; 2010 c 8 § 9069; 1977 c 78 § 1; 1975 c 62 § 31; 1970 ex.s. c 100 § 7; 1965 ex.s. c 155 § 48.]
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How good is the Euro-Fighter Typhoon?
Modern warfare has become highly technological and strategic. Contemporary wars are won by Air forces - The modern fighter jets are complex fighting machines which form a ‘critical component’ of any world class airforce.Those Critical Assets are :LM JSF F - 35 Lightning IILM F - 22 RaptorEuro Fighter TyphoonSu - 35 Super Flanker ERafale Omni Role Super french FR3 / M variantsGripen SAAB Smart Figher JAS - 39 C / D / EChegdu Stealth J - 20 Mighty DragonStrike Eagle F - 15 EAdvanced Fulcrum MiG - 35sF / A - 18 Super HornetsF - 21 ViperFighting Falcon F - 16 Block - 52 & 60CAC J - 10s C Fire Bird Super Multi RoleSu - 30 Flanker variantsEagle F - 15 Variant CSu 27 s ‘Base Flanker’Fulcrum MiG - 29sare considered PRIME assets for thier air forces.They carry expensive tools of destruction with them such as :AIM 120 DMBDA MeteorRussian R - 77Storm ShadowVympel R - 73MICAR - 27Chinese Ultra long range PL - 15SD - 10JSMPavewayBrimstoneAIM 120 CAIM 132R - DarterDerbyPythonK - 100Astra &Cruise Missile & Stand Off A SMP VariantsHence one can safely say that No Manufacturer of Fighter jet will give away the Real / true Warfare or combat capability, let alone the full limits of it. Hence One has to wait for the real combat - the real showdown to see the real capability. Base Specifications & information related to Systems , Components , Weapons and Electronics are issued for marketing tactics or for disinformation purposes. So maybe all the information available is 100% accurate.__________________________________________________________________________________A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^THE EURO FIGHTER EF-2000 Tranche 4NICKNAMED “TYPHOON”Its a highly discussed Fighter jet , having mixed reviews by its supporters and by its opponents, has sparked a public argument. With predessors such as JAGUAR, PANAVIA & HARRIER, Its a European consorcium Fighter UK, Germany , Italy & Spain - first proto type released in Mid 1990s. Hence It was a European solution to a European scenario.DESIGN & AERODYNAMICSThe ability to patrol and intercept hostile aircraft is known as Quick Reaction Alert. Typhoon is a master in it.Designed for Single Seat - STOL Capable - Twin Engine - Initially developed as Supersonic BVR interception and close combat , Multi Role adaptations. Typhoon is designed to perform at least five air missions very efficiently :Air superiorityAir interdictionSuppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD)Close Air Support (CAS)Maritime Attack.Its in active operational service with 9 Operators.(Consorcium members plus Saudia Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Austria ). More than 550 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft have been successfully delivered to seven countries: Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Austria, Oman and Saudi Arabia; and ordered by two more: Kuwait and Qatar. Participated in combats during operations in Libya, Iraq and Syria.Length 15.96 m x Wingspan 10.95 m.Length 15.67 mtrs x Wingspan 10.67 mtrs for F- 35AHence slightly Big in Size then lets say F-35 Lightning IIMax Altitude Above 59,000 ftEuro Fighter is based on a Typical European Design of Unstable airframe , a foreplane Delta - wing forward canard configuration, with dual intakes under the fuselage & a single vertical stabilizer .The ‘conventional statically stable’ aircraft has a ‘built-in’ inherent stability which requires a large wing area and causes a lot of drag that slows the aircraft under a turn.Fighter jets require Agility which is exact opposite of Stability. You want a fighter to be able to make turns & loops as quickly & easily as possible. Consequently, fighter aircraft rely on configurations that are unstable or neutrally stable. Canards help in this regard.CANARDS AND THIER IMPACTAn aeronautical device wherein a small fore-wing is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. A wide variety of canard designs have been proposed and flown over . Canards are used on aircraft whose main wings are well behind the center of gravity, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon..Carnards can be used as horizontal stabilizers as they being ahead of the C.G of the aircraft, acts directly to reduce longitudinal static stability.The aerodynamic advantages derived from the delta wing canard configuration :AERODYNAMIC FLOW RESULTING IN HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK :Angle of attack is the angle at which the oncoming air meets the wing. At low angle of attack, the vertical tail provides directional stability. However, as the angle of attack increases, its effectiveness decreases.High angles of attack (AOA) can be translated into a very high instantaneous turn rate and gives maneuverability advantages. Modren fighter jets can exceed 90 degrees AOA - Yet the software limit’s them from 30 - 60 Degrees to prevent Air frame damage owing to Stresses and fatigue factors.Layman terms - Higher the angle of attack, the more lift is generated by the wing… ONLY UPTO A POINT.Thereafter the wing signNow its ‘Critical Angle of Attack’ , and at higher angles of attack the amount of lift generated drops dramatically.Beyond the critical angle of attack , the wing no longer effectively generates lift and jet is stalled. Canards stall before the wings. Canards smoothen the turbulence and create Laminar (non-turbulent) flow. Good vortex flow is obtained and a High Angle of Attack may be obtained.UNSTABILITY :Create Unstability which is preferred. Results in Agility. The result is balanced by applying Controlled by FBW Computer Systems. A statically unstable basic aircraft needs continuous stabilisation with the help of an active flight control system with full authority.The high angle of attack recovery (HAoA) function is an extension of the flight control system’s angle of attack limitation. If the aircraft has a low speed and high nose angle, the angle of attack will be low at first but will increase and exceed the angle of attack limit as the speed drops further. The HAoA function and command will return the aircraft to the normal flight envelope in a controlled manner.CREATES LIFT :The canard essentially moves horizontal tail up to the nose and places the wing's center of lift behind the center of gravity. To balance the natural nose down tendency, Canard generates an upward lifting force - which helps oppose weight.Note that Canards results to produce ‘induced drag’ , it is usually countered by high aspect ratio canards i.e long and narrow.Combined delta canard configuration and 538 ft2 wing size confer very low wing loading on 50% internal fuel, and are optimised for transonic manoeuvre and supersonic dash performance. The loosely coupled canard is intended to provide high control authority at high angles of attack, by placing the surfaces ahead of the main vortices, but also to provide lower trim drag in supersonic flight.A Modern Composite Airframe with constituents :Carbon Fibre Composites 70%Metals 15%Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) 12%Only 15% of the aircraft’s surface is metal. This gives a small Radar Cross section of RCS < 0.5 m2. Hence Typhoon makes slightly greater use of RAM and active canard signature management for frontal RCS reduction (As a comparison this is probably offset in the high-end survivability department by Active Syealth of Gripen E or Rafale’s superior SPECTRA electronic warfare system).POWER PLANT & PROPULSION EXCELLENCEThe Euro Jet EJ - 200’s components were developed by Rolls-Royce plc, MTU, Avio Group SpA, and Industria Turbo Propulsores SA – all well-respected names. And, like the Eurofighter, The Euro-jet consortium hails from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain.The EJ-200 is the most modern combat engine in its class – with the best thrust-to-weight ratio, thrust retention and smallest fan diameter – the EJ200 sets new standards for reliability and adaptability. Typhoon is powered by 2 x Eurojet EJ-200 afterburning turbofans , each develops a DRY THRUST of 65 KN / 14,000 LBS & 90 KN / 20, 500 LBS Thrust with REHEAT.It takes about 1 minute 30 seconds after take-off to signNow more than 30,000 feet, all the while maintaining intercept airspeed.The engine is compact, approximately 4 metres in length, 800mm (30 inches) in diameter and weighs around 1,000 kg. The two-spool design with single-stage turbines drives the three-stage fan and five-stage HP compressor with annular combustion with vaporising burners.Engines powering the Typhoons of UK Royal Air Force (RAF) routinely achieve a mean time between repairs of over 1,000 flying hours, while the fleet leader in RAF has achieved over 1,700 flying hours on-wing without need for repair. This is unprecedented in combat engines where on-wing hours can often be measured in the low hundreds for previous generation engines. Relaibility centric Predictive Maintenance is achieved through use of advanced integrated Health Monitoring for class-leading reliability, maintainability and through Life Cost.Capability to cruise at supersonic speeds without the use of reheat (After Burners) for extended periods. it can fly at sustained speeds of MACH 1.5 AT FULL COMBAT EXTERNAL LOAD without the use of afterburner.CRITICAL SUB SYSTEMS OF PROPULSION SYSTEMLP CompressorHP CompressorA.C.CTurbine StageRe Heat or After burner SystemsDECMU1- LP - LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOREJ-200 consists of a 3-stage Low-pressure compressor (LPC) module & 5-stage High-pressure compressor. This provides a ‘High Surge margin’ (Typhoon pilots feedback often states it is virtually impossible to surge the engine), needs no heating devices to combat ice and has a high bird strike resistance. Each stage of the LPC is equipped with wide-chord integrated blade/disk (blisk) assemblies that are low in weight (each stage in the LPC consists of a single blisk with no removable parts) and are a major factor in the reduction of complexity easing the burden on maintenance cost and personnel. At the end of the Low Pressure Compression module, core air is compressed by a factor of 4.2.2 -HP - HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORAir is then directed to the High Pressure Compressor (HPC), which is again designed achieve high reliability and minimum maintenance effort.Like the LPC, HPC is also equipped with single blisks in the first three stages. HPC further compresses core air by a factor of 6.2, leading to air that has been compressed by a factor of 26. The fact that EJ200 achieves this in eight stages, far lesser than the nine or ten stages employed by engines of comparable performance, is testament to the efficient aerodynamic design of the blades.3 - ACC - ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBEREJ-200s annular combustor receives the highly compressed air. Microspraying fuel increases combustion-efficiency and also reduces the visible emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The key factors in determining jet engine efficiency and achievable work are the temperature and pressure differences attained between the engine inlet and combustor outlet. Although the maximum temperature of air leaving the combustion chamber is classified, the outlet stator temperature is generally reported to be 200ºC higher than previous generation engines.4 - TURBINE STAGEDownstream of the annular combustion chamber is the High Pressure Turbine (HPT). In order to handle the large temperatures generated in the combustion chamber, the HPT uses air-cooled single-crystal blades. The HPT guide vanes utilise a special Thermal Barrier Coating which increases the life of the blade and increases the achievable operating temperature .Following the HPT is a single Low Pressure Turbine stage, again employing single crystal blades.5- AFTER BURNING SYSTEMSEUROJET has installed an innovative three-stage thrust augmentation system to supply reheat as and when required by the pilot. Downstream from the low-pressure turbine, in the exhaust duct, are the first two stages of the thrust augmenter. The first stage consists of a radial series of burners and their associated flame cups. Subsequent to this is a stage of ‘primary vaporisers’ that spray fine mists of fuel that combust on contact with the hot exhaust air. Finally, the third stage comprises of fuel injectors located at the back of the bypass duct. These spray fuel into the cold, oxygen rich air that has passed through the duct unburned. It should be noted the dry performance of the engine is so good, pilots do not use reheat as much as other engines in this class. Operationally, this means more performance for less fuel.6 - DECMU (Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit)EJ-200’s Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit (DECMU) provides carefree handling for the whole turbo-machinery, automatically activates and controls the various stages of reheat, reduces pilot workload and provides engine monitoring and executive lifing functionalities. Executive Lifing measures actual usage rather than planned mission profiles which can achieve up to 50% Life Cycle Cost savings compared to other engines without this advantage. This is key not only to achieving the unparalleled standards of reliability but also in making the engine cost effective over its performance life. Executive Lifing reduces maintenance costs, especially given that the EJ-200 maintenance philosophy is a modular concept.Rate of Climb 317 Mtrs / SecWith 90KN ThrustSpeed 2.1 - 2.2 Mach & 2,900 kms RangeCombat RadiusGround attack, lo-lo-lo : 601 kmGround attack, hi-lo-hi : 1389 kmAir defence with 3hr CAP : 185 kmAir defence with 10-min loiter : 1389 kmG Limits : +9/-3 w/ int fuel and two AIM-120Impressive Thrust to Weight Ration of 1.15Empty Weight 22,000 lb / 9,999 kgMax Take-Off Weight 46,305 lb / 21,000 kgFerry Range 5,382 km / 3,310 miles — with 4 x drop tanksTyphoon is the faster aircraft and has a signNowly superior thrust-to-weight ratio which gives it better acceleration at all altitudes. This also allows Typhoon to retain and regain energy faster (than say Rafale) in a horizontal dogfight situation. Another key factor in maneuverability is Wing Loading ratio ; In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. It is expressed as kilograms per square meter, or pounds per square foot of wing area.Smaller the wing loading ratio , the better the turn performance.[math]Euro Fighter - 310 ; [/math][math]Rafale - 327 ; [/math][math]F15C - 358 ; [/math][math]F-18 - 460 Kg / m2. [/math]It also has a signNowly higher service ceiling of over 60,000 ft which allows it to operate uniquely well alongside the US F-22 Raptors ‘high and fast’ in the air superiority role which is exactly where it was designed to excel.RADAR , AVIONICS & COMMMUNICATIONSFull Authority FCS & Quadruplex digital system. Modern and comprehensive Avionic package. The pilot’s control system is a voice throttle and stick system (VTAS). Heads Up and Heads Down Display systems M.H.D.D installed.Detection technology used in latest tranch is :X-band CAPTOR (I/J-band) ECR-90 pulse-Doppler multimode radar.An AESA radar provides an aircraft with a more efficient, more robust, longer-ranged and finer-detailed radar than older, mechanically scanned or passive systems. It has improved Jamming Resistance and acts immensely to increase the situational awareness and effectiveness of a modren fighter jet. The addition of an AESA radar has become necessary because almost all modern fighter aircraft have already transitioned to this architecture.The CAPTOR-E radar , being developed by the Euro RADAR Consortium led by Selex ES, is based on the existing ‘back end’ of the mechanically-scanned (M-scan) CAPTOR radar. All Weather Radar Features Synthetic Aperture, Multimode A/A and A/G Fire Control Radar and Weapon System Support, with over 1,000 modules and a new AESA antenna mounted on an innovative repositioner. It can also cover low band Frequencies VHF/UHF. This gives the radar an unmatched field of regard without compromising performance and reliability.P.I.R.A.T.E SYSTEMA Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system for infrared search and tracking or a Supplementary Radar.The Typhoon’s PIRATE IRST is far and away the most capable fighter-mounted system in operation anywhere in the world. Its phenomenal sensitivity caused problems during the first decade of service due to the sheer number of false positive returns but now that processing power has caught up enough to allow the sensitivity to be properly exploited for extremely long range detection of fighter sized targets, including stealth targets, it is becoming one of Typhoon’s strongest advantages in the air superiority arena.However, at present, the systems integration allowing the radar and IRST to be tasked together in an optimal fashion is still superior on Rafale. This is a core focus of capability upgrades in the P3E software package for Typhoon.The system picks up heat changes around it & by this spot subsonic aircraft as far away as up to 100km+. This means that the Typhoon can still shoot its advanced IR-tracking missiles at a target, even though its enemy has stealth features.PIRATE detects and tracks the Infra-Red signatures of multiple aircraft at long range, over a wide field of view, day & night and adverse weather conditions. Being a passive sensor, it enables the aircraft to gather early intelligence of threats and to manoeuvre stealthily into an advantageous tactical position without being detected by hostile electronic warfare systems.PIRATE is integrated with other on-board sensor systems for maximum sensor fusion effectiveness. PIRATE locates & provides ‘cueing information’ on ground targets. It provides data and imagery to Head’s-up & Multi-function Head’s -down displays, facilitating navigation and terrain avoidance in adverse weather conditions.D.A.S.S SYSTEMDefensive Aid Sub System with Electronic Counter measures against incoming Missiles.Offering a comprehensive suite of electronic support measures and counter-measures, the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System developed by the Leonardo-led EuroDASS consortium, is carried in 2 x wing pods that are an integral part of the wing. DASS greatly enhances Eurofighter Typhoon’s ability to avoid, evade, counter and survive evolving threats.It consists of :Electronic Support Measures (ESM)A laser threat and missile approach warning systemAn Electronic Countermeasures System (ECM), decoys, towed decoysJammers and other sensorsAvionics.Eurofighter Typhoon D.A.S.S is also equipped with a ‘Towed Radar Decoy’ . carried in the starboad side as ‘built in’ to the wing tip. Towed decoy systems are for defensive purposes & used to protect fighter jets from radar-guided missiles. These countermeasures are towed behind the host aircraft protecting it against both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. They provide a radio-wave reflecting baid that attracts the RF-guided missiles away from the intended target.Miniature Air Launched Decoy MALDENHANCED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSEven while still on the ground, the pilot can keep a check on the position of the aircraft to be intercepted via its Data-Link (a two-way radio-controlled data exchange).The Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is used to lure enemy air defence systems into revealing themselves or attacking aircraft or ISTAR systems that can provide targeting information for stand off weapons. With a range of 500nm, endurance of 45 minutes, operating altitude of 40,000 feet plus, speed of Mach 0.91, modular electronics fit and emissions signature that is designed to mimic allied aircraft it can also be used to simply overwhelm air defences with targets, if they attack MALD they are depleting their finite missile stocks.The data-link is provided by the Multiple Image Data System (MIDS). It aids situational awareness information to the pilot. As a case in point - The french Super Omni Jet Rafale utilises ‘a one-way datalink’ with the missile when it has been fired, not the 2 - way ‘Datalink’. which Typhoon and Gripen E are equipped with – which allows for much more accurate and reliable guidance during very long range engagements whilst the missile is in semi-active mode.Kuwait’s Typhoons will be the first to use the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (ATP), which has recently been upgraded to include two-color laser spot tracking, short-wave infrared, and advanced non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) modes.New-customer Typhoons Will Be the Most Advanced Yet***********************************************************************************In 2011, the RAF deployed 10 x Typhoon aircraft to its base in Italy for operations in Libya, and achieved 4,500 flying hours without an engine change. The aircraft operated in its air-to-air role and for the first time attacked ground targets using laser-guided Paveway bombs. “The sensors on the aircraft are so good it’s a question of how we use that information and how we get it to other fast jets and ground allies. It is about ensuring the right information is in the right place at the right time.” — Air Cdre Linc Taylor, Royal Air Force.A U.K. Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon used a brimstone missile to destroy a boat used by Islamic State in Syria, the RAF said Friday, 2019 February 22 release, marking the first time the aircraft has deployed the weapon system. Brimstone is an air-launched ground-attack missile developed by MBDA for the RAF, specifically to target enemy armor. The Brimstone launcher carries three missiles in a single weapon station. Its equipped with enhanced autopilot, the Dual Mode SAL / millimetric wave (mmW) seeker, and the insensitive munition-compliant rocket motor and warhead.For Air to Ground missions you have the ability to simply look outside at where a target is then cue the weapon system to look there with the Litening Designator Pod. Due to this capability it means that after identifying a target, you can drop a Paveway IV, 500-lb precision weapon on it in seconds.**************************************************************************************WEAPONSMauser Cannon 27 mmIt has 13 hardpoints which allows for up to 3 fuel drop tanks and 10 missiles/laser guided bombs or 13 missiles/laser guided bombsLong Range 6 x BVR Matra- Meteor AMRAAMClose range SRAAM is 2 x AIM-132 ASRAAM.A range of air-to-ground weapons can be carried, including the new Storm Shadow CASOM, Brimstone anti-armour weapon, and the future Precision Guided Bomb (PGB).Manufacturers ban Euro Fighhter in exports for carrying nuclear weapons. RAF standoff weapon is the Matra-BAe Storm Shadow cruise missile.SCALP - STORM SHADOW Air-Launched, Long RANGE , Stand-Off Deep Attack MissileThe Storm Shadow missile is designed to penetrate deep into hard rock targets. It is equipped with fire-and-forget technology and fully autonomous guidance.The missile has a length of 5.1m, wingspan of 3m, and a body diameter of 0.48m. It weighs 1,300kg and has a range of more than 250km. The Storm Shadow missile is equipped with a Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet propulsion system, which can produce a 5.4kN of thrust.The missile is fitted with a two-stage bomb royal ordnance augmented charge (BROACH) blast/ penetrator warhead.The first stage of the warhead makes the way for the second stage by cutting the surface of the target. The larger second stage (main) of the warhead then penetrates into the target and detonates.The navigation system of the missile includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path and accurate target strike. The missile is fitted with a passive imaging infrared seeker. Once released from the aircraft, the missile follows a pre-programmed path at low level with the help of continuous updates from the onboard navigation system. It employs imaging infrared seeker to compare the actual target area with stored imagery repeatedly until signNowing the target.The Storm Shadow is also in service with the air forces of Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is referred to as Black Shaheen in the UAE Air Force service.The Storm Shadow can be integrated into Tornado GR4, Tornado IDS, Saab Gripen, Mirage 2000, Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and JSF F - 35 aircraft.CROWN JEWEL BVR - M E T E O R MBDA** Meteor : Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique ramjet propulsion system – solid fuel, variable flow, ducted rocket. This ‘ramjet’ motor provides the missile with thrust all the way to target intercept, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception.The Typhoon is a super fighter within visual range , though we must always remember that at WVR , Its not fighting the aircraft but the pilot.*******************************************************************************COSTS AND REVIEW SUMMARYMaintenance cost of Typhoon is on higher side than that of Rafale.Unit Cost in excess of 125 MUS$ per aircraft.Euro Fighter Edges out all competitors such as Rafale in its Maneuverability, Higher THRUST Power , Increased Combat Radius, Excellent IRST , Advanced CM / Decoy system & higher Service Cieling . Yes Quality is Expensive. Its a potent partner for Euroean nations with JSF Lightning II F - 35.Where Typhoon acting as Air Superiority Leader and clearing Air enemy jets ; F - 35 Stealth acting as Battle manager - A Command & Control capable - Data fusion Electronic based - Striker bomber role for taking out SAM , S - 400s , AWACS etc and other remaining flying assets which may have avoided Euro Fighter Jet by flying away…!https://www.eurofighter.com/the-...***********************************************************************************Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.Thanks for reading..
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