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FAQs
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How was Balaji Viswanathan's overall experience attending the Global Entrepreneurship Summit 2017 held in Hyderabad, Where his I
Honestly, it was overwhelming. Things went truly viral and we were completely unprepared. We were so unprepared that we left the arena while there were important dignitaries trying to talk to us. Thanks to all of you for making this magical and thanks for your wonderful compliments.I was just a few feet from Mr.Modi as we entered the place and it was an amazing feeling. Someday I will get to talk with him. And Ivanka was probably the most beautiful woman I have met. We just joke that even our robot went giddy infront of these amazing personalities. Top entrepreneurs like Ritesh Aggarwal [founder of Oyo] walked up to us to congratulate and it was a magical feeling.The highlight of the whole thing was Amul making its signature billboard with our robot. I feel humbled by these billboards.We were truly excited by Shri Modi’s and Ms. Ivanka’s expression and the thousands of snaps that were taken along with hundreds of media coverage we got. The PM tweeted about it and his office featured the bot in their homepage.Yesterday in Finland at the Slush event a founder of a European company building robots walked up to me after recognizing the Mitra and talked about partnership in taking our robots to the European market. That felt elating [inspite of the fact that the product was not in the perfect shape especially after disassembling for the flight]. Many Finnish people took selfies with the robot to put it on their timeline and that was great.We also had a delegation from Japan’s Olympics committee visit our office to explore robots for the upcoming Tokyo Olympics. These sales might or might not happen in reality, but it felt amazing to imagine that Europe and Japan could buy products from India not for cost, but for uniqueness.To our well wishers:I’m humbled by your comments and it comes as a great boost for my team that has been tired and dazzled from months of hard work. Everyone in my team come from humble backgrounds and are out to prove something big and this comes as a shot in their arm.They worked day in and night to get the models going. We faced a number of setbacks. A model made in China never came home as it is stuck in Chennai customs for 2 months. A clay model we made had several inaccuracies and could never be completed. An android device we planned didn’t support our code base and we had to go for a quick fix with another tablet. Logistics went crazy and so did a million things.There were many hands that went in. Our CTO Bharath built the overall mechanics and everything to get it moving. He was helped by our production engineer Ram and Salman who helped in the structure. Our BDM Kaundinya pulled off this event and got our robot in after our COO Mahalakshmi was invited as a delegate for the event. Mahalakshmi and her brother Sudarshan did the whole supply chain and logistics for getting all the components. Her father helped us secure funding resources to sustain the R&D.Our electronics engineers Murali, Raushan and our new hire Spandana helped in building the circuit boards and making the electronics work. Our software engineers Ashwin, Anand and Sreejit made the entire stack. Our project manager Amit made sure the things went on schedule. and Our clay modeller Mr. Angappan helped us prepare the final fibreglass body. Our designers Vinay Rao and others at Bang Design helped us design the body. And journalists like Ranjani Ayyar and Nilesh Christopher spent time understanding the product to build an accurate story.And a special thanks to Kishlay Raj and his team at Sumeru. Their CEO and CTO gave their team’s personal time to finetune the underlying product. While we couldn’t showcase Hindi language NLP in the limited time it is a part of the product that we would sell.It took the whole village to put up this show.To the general public:Just to clarify, it was not any approval from the Indian government for being best startup or anything. And it didn’t involve me using any connections or favours. The event organisers were looking at something unique for the event. They were set on a large, humanoid robot to move around and greet the dignitaries and ours was the only one in the market - not just Indian - that could do so. We have done many events across India with our robots and we had worked with the event organisers before.A few days before the event, our robot was even cancelled for the event due to security reasons etc. Then we got back in the game once the senior leadership Wizcraft [the organisers] realised this was Made in India and they wanted to encourage such a product. And being a poor bootstrapped startup, they recognized the need to encourage entrepreneurship of all kinds. We got to this place without any angel/VC money.We have had many successes so far this year. Nasscom put us in a number of top events - including letting us pitch to the Japanese delegation at the Ministry of IT earlier this month. We were among the top 50 startups chosen by them and were in almost every top Nasscom event this year. We were also invited as a part of the Indian delegation to China and close to closing a big order there.We have also worked with Thub and had the honour of presenting a PoC to the global leadership of Novartis who came to Hyderabad earlier this year.To our critics:A few people on the Internet trolled us saying this looks like 70s toys, 90s toys, children’s project etc. I’m used to getting trolled and don’t mind criticism on me. But, since you guys were abusing the work of a group, I’m forced to respond in kind.I just ask them if it were that easy to make our product, why was there never a robot in a major Indian event so far? Why didn’t they make it and take all the honours? Why are you reading about an Indian robot doing such a thing for the first time? And why are there no global product companies from India, if making hardware is a child’s game? Think about it.People who never make things are usually the ones who underestimate the complexity that goes into a product. If you have never made things, you won’t know the pain of making.People said I pulled my connections. The event organizers don’t know anything about me and neither does anyone at BJP’s top brass or the US government that sponsored the event. Our event participation was pulled off by our excellent BDM and I had little to do with it. The event organizers would draw a blank if you ask them who Balaji is.Some people said I should learn from Elon Musk and Steve Jobs in how not to make shitty product. With due respect, I studied business history more than most of my critics. Jobs and Musk are geniuses. But even the geniuses start with more achievable targets. Elon Musk started with a product like this: Yellow Pages. Steve Jobs started with a product like this: Apple I. Honda’s Asimo started this way: Honda E1. Benz started this way: karl benz. Our own amazing ISRO guys started like this: The Story of How ISRO Defied All Odds To Put SatellitesGreat looking products don’t sprout in thin air. They are a result of years of work, starting with more modest looking creations. You cannot become an adult without starting as a fetus.We are trying to prove that there is a mass market for humanoids. It would be suicidal for a company of our stage to worry about a perfect product. Ours is more like a fetus and we are trying to keep it nourished and nurtured for a grand future.A few more critics said we should have been embarrassed to put such a product. Predictably none of those are entrepreneurs or someone who have created something. Because, real creators and entrepreneurs don’t worry about breaking things. Taking risk is what we do. Rather than an embarrassment, I would feel elated for my team even if it had not even started moving.The challenges:Try moving a 50kg, 5 feet tall object through varying terrain in a noiseless, smooth way without tripping and you will understand the physics behind the design. And with a battery life to last hours of rehearsals. It is a non-trivial piece of engineering with suspension systems that my team created. From the fiberglass body to the internal structure, everything was made here.We built the hardware, software and electronics for this. We built 9 prototypes this year. We are bootstrapped and have done all this hardware investment without any external funding. And while we didn’t show its real capabilities in the GES event [too risky to try] our robots can move autonomously and that what the funky head antenna is for. We integrated NLP tools and face recognition APIs and those are non-trivial things. And over the years we iterated a million times to get things better and better.Of course, there are plenty of inaccuracies and faults. This was handmade and in a very short span of time. But, the team has gone through enormous things to get this far, from where we started earlier this year.Developing product in India is hard. Making everything in India is hard. Making such a large object is hard as the mould costs multiply and the complexity goes as a square of that. Talk is easy, getting the stuff work on the floor is hard and why these don’t happen often.I’m not saying that our product is perfect. I’m saying the product is perfected and we will get there someday. If we keep worrying about breaking things, we are not a startup.In conclusion:I’m not saying we are India’s best product or even India’s best robotics company. The GES event was not about that. They wanted to showcase entrepreneurship at an early stage and a product that fit their needs. Large finished products come from large companies, startups backed by billionaires or at least startups with large venture funding. GES thought having a product from a company that didn’t fit any of these categories above and supported by no one was worth doing.Hardware in India will sprout only when difficulties of building hardware is understood and its complexities appreciated. Everyone says they or their grandmother or their child could have our product. But, they didn’t. Only our team did. And it is much easy imagining doing a product than doing it.Is the product overhyped? Maybe. Was there luck involved. Yes. But hey for a bootstrapped startup that has been teetering on brink of bankruptcy and has had more than its share of misfortune this year, I would not mind a little luck. Would you? Peace!
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What evidence is there that Russian hackers tried to influence the US presidential election?
Before discussing evidence, it’s important to be clear that the assessment of the U.S. intelligence community is unanimous: Russia interfered with the election. It happened.The FBI, CIA, NSA, and ODNI all said so when they were run by Obama appointees, and they continue to say so now that they’re run by Trump appointees. DHS says so, too.Presidents, too. Obama said it. Bush said it. Trump said it. He tries to downplay it, but he said it. And his CIA Director and Secretary of State say they aren’t going to stop.And Congress, as well. Members of the House and Senate Intelligence Committees from both parties have said it.That’s two branches of government, two political parties, partisans and civil servants; Republicans, Democrats, and dedicated professionals living and breathing national security every day.Outside the U.S. government, private sector companies specializing in computer forensics have said it, even those that compete with each other and have strong incentive to prove the others wrong. More on that shortly.To be as clear as possible before moving on, the FBI, CIA, and NSA, through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, published the following assessment:President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the US presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the US democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and the Russian Government developed a clear preference for President-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments.So, we’re confident the Russians attempted “an influence campaign” to interfere with the 2016 U.S. election, but what form did this take?The effort was multi-pronged:Establishing contact with the Trump campaign and those receptive to Russian overtures.Hacking into Democratic servers and leaking stolen information.Organized trolling using Russian agents and bots to maximize the propaganda value of the leaked emails, spread disinformation, disrupt political discourse, foment anger and vitriol, support Trump messaging, etc.BsignNowing U.S. election systems, either for 2016 or to set up actions for future elections.Item #1 relates to the ongoing collusion investigation of contacts between Russia and the Trump team. That would be a whole answer on its own, and it’s not even necessary to show evidence of the Russian interference, so I’ll just offer this quick summary:At least 12 Trump associates had contacts with Russians during the campaign or transitionThere were at least 19 face-to-face interactions with Russians or Kremlin-linked figuresThere were at least 51 communications -- meetings, phone calls, email exchanges and more.This flies in the face of at least nine blanket denials from Trump world of any contacts with RussiaIf you want to read the details behind that, go ahead: By the numbers: The Trump orbit's contacts with Russians is a good start, or for a more in depth timeline: All the known times the Trump campaign met with RussiansThe majority of this answer will focus on #s 2, 3, and 4.Now that we’ve established what we know, we can move on to how we know it. That part gets a bit more complicated.Although all those U.S. government entities say so with high confidence, they can’t exactly “show their work” to the general public without telling the Russians all the ways they used to catch them. If they did, they would not only be telling them how to avoid detection in the future, but endangering the lives of human intelligence sources (our spies and assets) and the continued viability of any electronic or cyber intelligence sources, such as any vulnerabilities we’ve exploited in their systems.Usually, it’s not just the sources and methods that are kept secret but everything. Generally, the public doesn’t get told anything U.S. intelligence knows, except in serious situations, like when they discovered Russia’s previous management, the Soviet Union, was secretly installing nuclear missile sites 90 miles off the coast of Florida, a scary incident known as the Cuban Missile Crisis.In this case, when they decided to go public, they made two reports, but we only got to see the unclassified one, which leaves out the sensitive details about how we know what we know. Here’s how it’s explained in the report:“Assessing Russian Activities and Intentions in Recent US Elections” is a declassified version of a highly classified assessment that has been provided to the President and to recipients approved by the President.The Intelligence Community rarely can publicly reveal the full extent of its knowledge or the precise bases for its assessments, as the release of such information would reveal sensitive sources or methods and imperil the ability to collect critical foreign intelligence in the future.Thus, while the conclusions in the report are all reflected in the classified assessment, the declassified report does not and cannot include the full supporting information, including specific intelligence and sources and methods.Since they can’t tell us their evidence, any answer to this question on Quora will be missing the majority of the evidence.However, even without them spilling all their secrets, there’s quite a bit that’s publicly known. And the preceding two sentences taken together should underscore just how overwhelming the evidence must be.One last thing before diving in, a quick note of caution: Do not be confused by talk about “the dossier” or “the Nunes memo” as they have little to do with this.Ok, so here’s some of the evidence that’s publicly known:Democratic servers were hacked by Russians. Although the government isn’t willing to expose all their evidence for this, we have plenty.Let’s start with the strong forensic information from multiple private sector firms.The Democratic National Committee suspected something happened but wasn’t sure what, so they “called in CrowdStrike, a security firm that specializes in countering advanced network threats.”While the infiltration was very advanced, within just two hours CrowdStrike discovered reams of evidence that left little doubt that not only did the Russians hack them, but two different Russian agencies had.Knowing that this was a big claim, they published their evidence. Their report is pretty specific. It’s not that long but includes all sorts of technical details, including excerpts from the actual code, among other things. Feel free to read it if you want to get deeper into the weeds.It’s not just the company the Democrats hired saying so: “Two competing cybersecurity companies, Mandiant (part of FireEye) and Fidelis, confirmed CrowdStrike's initial findings that Russian intelligence indeed hacked the DNC.” Now, we’re up to three saying so.Then a fourth cyber security firm “examined the forensic data from the DNC hack themselves, and endorsed Crowdstrike’s conclusions.” This company you might’ve even heard of: Symantec.The U.S. government confirmed the findings as well. A separate report we’ll get into later reiterated many of the points raised by CrowdStrike, including when each of the Russian intelligence agencies they identified infiltrated the DNC (the hacks were done at different times).Part of the evidence is that CrowdStrike had seen these digital fingerprints before. They investigate 15,000 hacks every year, so when their software analyzes systems, it recognizes that certain sequences of actions taken form patterns that become a unique signature. Wired explains, “Every action at a system level on the DNC's computers was recorded and checked against CrowdStrike's bank of prior intelligence (the company processes 28 billion computer events a day).” There are “a handful of small but signNow tells: data exfiltrated to an IP address associated with the hackers; a misspelled URL; and time zones related to Moscow.”In other words, the companies are familiar with these hackers and know what to look for. Here’s a little blurb about how familiar they are with their modus operandi:“Security companies can tell you much more about these groups, their code, their infrastructures, and their methods. (The Finnish security firm F-Secure has an excellent 34-page write-up of [one of the Russian intelligence agency hacker groups], and FireEye has a deep dive into [the other Russian hacker group], among many other reports by different companies.) (PDF) From analysis of the dozens of malware packages used exclusively by these hackers, researchers can tell you that…“They’re usually compiled on machines with the language set to Russian.”“Both groups operate during working hours in Russia, and take Russian holidays off.”“Their targets are radically different from those of for-profit criminals hackers in Eastern Europe or anywhere else—no banks, no retailers with credit card numbers to steal—always governments, companies, journalists, NGOs, and other targets that the Russian government would be interested in.”One part of the hack involved tricking DNC employees with phony links that were used in previous hacks tied to Russia.As good as the Russians were at hacking, they made mistakes, during and after the hack. For example, they inadvertently left Russian-language metadata in the leaked files.Oops.There’s even Russian language error messages accidentally embedded due to the way they exported the docs. Crowdsourcing spotted that, not just the cyber firm. A Twitter user who used to work for British intelligence did some great analysis."error! invalid hyperlinks" in Russian... pic.twitter.com/T9jmLnNiKF— davi (((
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What are the topics in which questions are likely to be asked when it comes to banking awareness for competitive examinations co
IBPS/SBI/RRB examinations– Banking and financial awarenessChecklist for study preparation01Indian financial system – Financial intermediaries; Money market; Capital market; Financial assets;02Reserve Bank of India – History, Role and functions of Reserve Bank of India; Traditional functions; Development functions; Regulatory functions;03Banking history – Origin of banks - Nationalised banks first stage; Nationalised banks second stage; Old private sector banks; New private sector banks; SBI group banks; Foreign banks; Bank headquarters; Regional Rural Banks;04Types of banks – Savings bank; Commercial bank; Industrial bank; Development bank; Land development bank; Central bank;05Functions of commercial banks – Primary functions; Secondary functions; Agency functions; General utility functions; Social development functions;06Bank – Functional hierarchy; Positional hierarchy; Universal bank; Narrow bank; Islamic bank; Small bank; Payment bank; Banks-taglines; Banks-ranking;07Cooperative banks – Categories;08Types of customers – Individuals; Joint accounts; Minors; Illiterate; Blind; Pardanashin women; Hindu Undivided family; Clubs; Trusts; Charitable Institutions; Associations; Proprietorship firm; Partnership firm; Private and Public Limited companies09Types of deposits – Demand deposits; Savings and Current; Term deposits; Fixed, Recurring and Reinvestment deposits;10Non resident Indians – Persons of Indian origin; Resident Indians; Non resident accounts; Non resident external; Non resident ordinary; FCNR and RFC accounts; EEFC account; Escrow account;11KYC guidelines- Foreign Inward remittances; KYC- Categories of customers; Low risk; Medium risk and High risk;12Negotiable Instruments act 1881 – Negotiable instruments; Non negotiable instruments; Semi negotiable instruments;13Cheques – Parties to a cheque; Types of cheques; Reasons for cheque return; Crossing of cheques; MICR code; IFSC code; Cheque truncation system; Clearing house; RTGS remittance; NEFT remittance14Demand draft – Parties to a demand draft; Issue of duplicate demand draft; Difference between cheque and draft;15Negotiable Instruments - Bill of exchange; Promissory Note; Hundies;16Banker-customer relationships – Mortgage; Hypothecation; Pledge; Assignment; Bailment; Agency;17Currency note issue – Management of currency; Notes in circulation; Coins in circulation;18Electronic banking- Services; Benefits; Types of automated teller machines; Debit card; Credit card; Smart card; Core banking solution; Cheque truncation system;19Rights of customers – Various rights; Risks faced by commercial banks;20Important terms – Cash reserve ratio; Statutory liquidity ratio; Bank rate; Base rate; Marginal standing facility; Repo rate; Reverse repo rate;21Non Banking Finance Companies – Categories;22Insurance – Types of insurance; Life insurance products; Specific principles of insurance; Mutual fund products;23Agriculture – Functions of NABARD; Direct agriculture; Indirect agriculture; Culture and revolution; Types of farmers; Agriculture labourers;2425Categories of loans – Types of securities; Priority sector advances; Weaker section advances; Non Performing assets; Consortium Lending; Syndication credit;26Types of various accounts – Nostro account; Vostro account; Loro account; Suspense account; Call deposit; Margin account; No frill accounts; Senior citizen deposit account; Checking account; Bank trust custodial account; Official settlement account;27Foreign exchange – FERA; FEMA; Authorised persons; Notional rates; Foreign exchange selling and buying rates;28Forex terms – Import and export code; DGFT; Packing credit; Opinion letter; Packing credit; Payment under reserve; Delinking;29Capital market – Primary market; Secondary market; Shares; Debentures; Demat account; Depository; Stock exchanges; IPO; ASBA account; Stock exchanges; SENSEX; NIFTY; Market capitalization; Book value; Above par; Below par; Green shoe option; Red herring prospectus; Float; Outstanding capital; Earnings per share30Financial statements – Balance sheet; Profit and loss account; Categories of capital; Categories of reserves; Gross block; Net block; Intangible assets; Non current assets; Current assets; Current liabilities; Sources and uses of funds; Ratios – Current ratio; Gross profit ratio; Quick ratio; Debt equity ratio; PBDIT; Net worth; Tangible net worth; Sundry debtors; Sundry creditors;31Retail banking- Retail deposits; Retail loans; Retail services;32Wholesale banking – Fund based services; Non fund based services; Value added services; Retail Banking services; Needs of exporters; Needs of importers; Remittance services;3334Reserve Bank of India – The past and present Governors;35Various committees36Money market instruments – Call money; Notice money; Term money; Held till maturity; Yield to maturity; Coupon rate; Treasury operations; Gilt edged securities; Types of treasury bills; Commercial paper; Certificate of deposit; Inter corporate deposits; Ready forward contracts;37Indian Economy – Developing economy; Gross national product; Net national product; National wealth; National income; Gross domestic product; Personal income; Personal disposable income; History of planning; Planning commission; Five year plans; National development council; Planning strategies; Rural poverty; Types of unemployment; Foreign direct investments;38Development programmes – Employment; Rural development; Women empowerment; Education oriented; Public distribution system; Maharatnas; Navaratnas; Types of large scale industries; Foreign direct investment;39Mutual funds: Income funds; Growth funds; Balanced funds; Diversified funds; Infrastructure funds; Index funds; Open ended fund; Closed ended fund; Fixed maturity fund40Tax- Direct tax; Indirect tax; Income tax; Service tax; Sales tax; Value added tax; Customs duty; Central excise duty;Important topics:Account payee crossing;Electronic clearing system;Death claims;Nomination;PIN Number;PAN Number;Natural guardian;Mother of deposits;EEFC account;DRA-Debt recovery agent;DMA – Direct marketing agent;DSA – Direct selling agent;CASA account;Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation;Export Credit Guarantee Corporation;Collateral security & prime security;Guarantee; Financial guarantee;Deferred payment guarantee;Performance guarantee;Bills for collection;Pay in slip; Withdrawal slip;Arbitration; Arbitrate; Arbitrator;Gold loans; Appraisal; Appraiser;Bouncing/Dishonour of the cheque;Book building;Kerb trading; Insider trading;Document of title to goods;Credit rating agencies; SWIFT;Merchant Banking;Mergers and acquisitions;Encryption and decryption;Plastic money; Venture capital;Micro credit;Factoring; Forfeiting; Lease finance;Asset Reconstruction Company;Asset Management Company;Hedging; Underwriting; Subcontracting;Enterprise risk management;Asset Liability management;Relationship management;Breakeven point;Principle of utmost good faith;Principle of indemnity;Principle of subrogation;Principle of insurable interest;Principle of mitigation of loss;Mergers and consolidations;Business correspondent;Money laundering;Garnishee order;Income tax attachment order;Debt recovery tribunal;Balance of trade; Balanced budget;Balance of payments;Inflation and deflation;Special drawing rightsGlobal depository receipts;Indian depository receipts;American depository receipts;External commercial borrowings;Fiscal cliff;On balance sheet items;Off balance sheet items;Basel committee on banking supervision;Basel I and Basel II accord;Tier I and Tier II capital;CAMELS;Sarfaesi act 2002Securitisation;Derivatives; Options; Futures;Special purpose vehicle;Value at risk;Business process outsourcing;Capital account convertibilityMinimum support price;Net asset value;Capital adequacy ratio;LIBOR and MIBOR;One time settlement;Wholesale price index;Consumer price index;Bank working and business hours;LPG and PURA strategies;International development association;Corporate social responsibility;Monopoly and oligopoly;Per capita income;Business facilitator;Corporate governance in banks;Sub prime lending;Financial inclusion;Ways and means advances;Liquidity adjustment policy; Forwards;Negotiated dealing system; Conversion; Material alteration;Liquidators; Receivers;Banking ombudsman scheme;Participatory notes;Book building;Willful defaulters;Lok adalats;Debt recovery tribunals;Rule in clayton’s case;Current account transactions;Capital account transactions;Convertibility;Capital account convertibility;Liberalised remittance scheme;Exchange rate system;Mirror account; Forward contracts;Swaps; Arbitrage;Duty draw back system;External commercial borrowing;Suppliers’ credit;Buyers’ credit;Break even point;Schemes:1-Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (World’s largest Financial Inclusion programme) 2-Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shramev Jayate Karyakram 3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana 4-Mission Housing for all 5-Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank)1-My Gov Online Platform 2-Digital India 3-Make In India 4-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana 5-National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 6-National Sports Talent Search Scheme 7-Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan 8-Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat 9-Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teacher Training 10-Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan1-Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 2-Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 3-Atal Pension YojanaRBI and RBI Related Important Topics for IBPS Po / clerkBanking and Important topics from Banking1Origin of RBI. Who is the current governor. How many members are there in RBI BoardWhat is bank? What are its functions? how is it different from an NBFC/NBFC-factor, Post-office savings, Chit Fund, Nidhi etc?2RBI comparison with SEBI, IRDA : Name of their main bosses, Who controls what? NBFCs, MFI, Gold Loans, ULIP, Mutual funds etc.Types of banks: commercial banks, regional rural banks, cooperative banks, investment banks, development banks etc.3Powers and functions of RBIWhat is a Scheduled commercial bank?4How does RBI control the money supply?IDBI, ICICI, IFCI, SIDBI, EXIM, NHB etc.5Open market operations, MSF, liquidity adjustment facilityBank nationalization, mergers and consolidations.6SLR, CRR, Repo, Reverse repo, bank rateNames of chairman/CMD of big banks.7Priority sector lending: and its subsectors. How do they apply to Domestic bank vs foreign bank?Basic GK related to banks: first commercial bank in India, first bank setup by Indians, origin of SBI/ICICI, subsidiaries of SBI, etc.8Banking regulation act and its recent amendmentImportant Mobile APPS Launched By Various banks9Banking reform, Banking License, Narshiman, BASEL.Types of Bank customers and provisions related to them: Minor-Guardian, partnership firms HUF and karta NRI, PIO joint account holders Married Women partnership firm accounts public/private companies trusts and cooperatives10Nachiket Mor CommitteeTypes of bank accounts and their features: 1-current account, savings account 2-term deposit account, fixed deposit, 3-PPF, senior citizen’s account 4-NRE-rupee account, FCNR account, RFC, EEFC, escrow account 5-Allied topic: post office savings account and National savings certificate11Foreign exchange management, components of forex reserves, approx. forex under RBI. Powers under FERA/FEMA, Tarapore Committee on capital account convertibilityCheque: 1-order/bearer/travel/bankers cheque 2-endorsement, cheque-crossing, 3-post-dated cheque, what if cheque-date is invalid 4-when Bank should not pay, cheque-dishonor (cheque-bouncing) 5-MICR, Cheque truncation 6- new CTS-system 7-Note refund rule, clan note-policy12Measures of money supplyOnline banking: 1-NEFT, RGTS, EFTS, Bankwire, E-commerce 2-networking among banks: INDONET, BankNET, RBINET, SWIFT, Point of Sale (POS) terminal 3-core-banking solutions 4-Electronic signature and Information Technology Act13Currency chest, Mint and press. Who signs coins and currency?Loans 1-different type of loan products, 2-Subprime lending 3-mortgage, reverse mortgage, collaterals, stamp duty on loan documents lien, set-off 4-Priority sector lending: and its sub sectors. How do they apply to Domestic bank vs Foreign bank?SLR, CRR, Repo, Reverse repo, bank rateBanking Ombudsman: powers functions, appeal structure and Consumer courtsWho appoint RBI Governor And tenure of RBI governor.Bancassurance, cross-selling, universal / narrow / retail bankingMobile Banking, personal banking, tele-banking, corporate bankingATM: PIN, HWAK, White Label ATM, third party ATMRural Banking And important Topics related to Rural Banking For IBPS PORural Banking And Important Topics for IBPS POWhat is Role Of RBI and NABARD in Rural BankingRural infrastructure development fund (RIDF) And Budget 2015 Fund allocationFinancial Inclusion And Schemes launched for financial inclusionregional rural banks, their amalgamationcooperative banks And Functions Of Co operative Banksmicro-finance institutions (MFI)primary agricultural credit SocietyBanking correspondent agentsKisan credit card, interest subvention on crop-loanslead bank scheme, local area banks, service area approachNon Performing Assets , Bad Loans and Other Important Topics for IBPS Preparation.NPA and Bad Loans = Problem for BanksInternational BankingWhat is NPA?Bretton WoodsGross NPA versus net NPAWorld BankAsset classification under NPA (substandard/doubtful/loss)ADR, GDR, IDRCurrent figure of NPA? Which bank has highest NPA?Islamic BankingCapital adequacy norms, hypothecationAsian clearing unionCIBIL and credit ratingbank for International settlementSARFAESI Act and its recent amendmentBASELasset reconstruction companiesWho are the Main boss of IMF, World Bank, ADB?Debt recovery tribunals.IMF: SDR, voting rightsLok Adalats , functions of Lok AdalatsBRICS Bank and Its Member Countries , HQ, President of Brics BankIndustrial sicknessAIIB Bank, HQ , President, Founding Members, IMF and AIIB ComparisionBoard for industrial and financial ReconstructionEuropean Banking AuthorityDisinvestmentTopics to Prepare for IBPS From current Affairs mainly Banking Related.Banking Awareness (Current Affairs)RBI’s monetary policy and key ratesAny committee made by RBI/government for Banking sector. Who is its chairman and what is the purpose?Any new directives to banks by RBI/Finance MinistryPerson in News: Any new appointments in RBI/Big Banks, Any Indian being appointed in foreign banksBanking license, entry of foreign banks.New Product and Mobile apps Launched by various BanksGovernment schemes associated with financial inclusion/pension/insurance: swabhiman, swavalamban etc.AwardsEconomy Theory , Financial Market, Budget And Other important topics from Traditional Syllabus. These topics are important for IBPS PO Exam.Economy Theory -Important topics to PrepareFinance1-Money market vs capital market: functions, who supervises them? 2-Commercial bills, Treasury bills, certificate of deposit, commercial paper 3-Derivatives, options-futures, currency swaps, 4-underwriting, factoring 5-debt vs equity: IPO-shares, stocks, debentures, bonds, mutual funds, G-sec 6- venture capital, angel investor 7- SEBI: functions, who is their main boss? 8- Stock Exchange: BSE, NSE, SENSEX, Dollex etc. , Functions, Chairman and Power 9- Credit rating: CRISIL, Moody, S&P etc., Different Types of Ratings 10- participatory notes , Cheques, Promissory Notes, Negotiable Instruments, Bill of Exchange 11 - QFI, FII 12 - FDI and its limits in various sectors, FIPB 13 - PAN card and DEMAT account 14 -External commercial borrowing (ECB), ADR, GDR, IDR 15 - RBI Act, Companies Act,Insurance1-Types of insurance 2-Nationalization, LIC, GIC etc. 3-IRDA: chairman, power-functions 4-NPS, EPFO, ESIC, social security 5-pension-insurance reforms, FDI 6-Bancassurance 7- Atal pension yojanaIndian Economy1-NITI AAYog 2- five-year plans, main targets of 12 five-year plan. 3-14th Finance commission and who is its chairman? 4- Inflation: types, impact, various terms associated with inflation WPI, CPI, their new series, who calculates what? 5- IIP, industrial licensing, definition of MSME 6- Indian Economy growth Forecast , Forex Reserve And Balance of trade 7- Economy Survey 2014-15 Highlights 8- Industrial PolicyBudget1-Taxation: 2- direct vs indirect. taxation powers of union and state 3- tax deduction at source 4 - tax slabs according to Budget 2015 5- negative list in service tax 6 - PAN Card, E-filling of tax returns 7- Types of budgets: surplus, deficit, balanced 9- votable vs non-votable items 10 -Finance Bill and appropriation Bill 11 -cut motions: policy cut, economy cut, token cut 12- general budget versus railway budget 13- revenue versus capital expenditure 14- standing committees of Parliament 15- types of deficits, FRBM targets 16- fiscal deficit and its impact on economy 17- Consolidated fund, contingency fund, public account 18 - Budget 2015 and Allocation of Funds for various Schemes and departmentsList of Important schemes And Programmes Launched PM Modi In Last One YearCategory of schemeScheme NamePro Poor1-Pradhan mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (World’s largest Financial Inclusion programme) 2-Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Shramev Jayate Karyakram 3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Antyodaya Yojana 4-Mission Housing for all 5-Micro Units Development and Refinance Agency Bank (MUDRA Bank)Pro Youth1-My Gov Online Platform 2-Digital India 3-Make In India 4-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushal Yojana 5-National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 6-National Sports Talent Search Scheme 7-Swachh Vidyalaya Abhiyan 8-Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat 9-Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya National Mission on Teachers and Teacher Training 10-Rashtriya Avishkar AbhiyanPro Farmer1-Enhanced Compensation for distressed Farmers due to crop damage 2-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 3-Soil Health Card Scheme 4-Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana 5-Jan Suraksha Schemes (PMJJBY, PMBSY, APY) 6-Rashtriya Gokul MissionPro Women1-Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Abhiyaan 2-Sukanya Samriddhi Account 3-Himmat App 4-PAHAL-Direct Benefits Transfer for LPG (DBTL) Consumers Scheme 5-Swachh Bharat Mission 6-Gold Monetisation Scheme 7-Pro Senior Citizen1-Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana 2-Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana 3-Atal Pension Yojana 4-Pro Development1-The National Institution for Transforming India (NITI AAYOG) 2-Make In India 3-Digital India 4-Smart City Programme 5-The National Urban Development Mission 6-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana 7-Pragati Platform 8-Mission Housing for all
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What is the one thing that makes you most angry?
The suicide of Amanda ToddFor those who don’t know this tragic story, here’s what happened.During her seventh grade year, she used video chat to talk to strangers on the Internet.Then one day, she showed her breasts to some random sicko online and he took pictures. That stranger then blackmailed her and bullied her.Not long after that, her nudes began to circulate on the Internet and she began to experience anxiety, depression, and started to use drugs and alcohol as a way to cope.A year after this incident, the stranger that blackmailed her reappeared again and used her topless photo as their Facebook profile picture and contacted Todd’s classmates at her new school.Her classmates began to tease her and things kept getting on worse.One weekend, she had sex with a friend. When that friend’s girlfriend found out, she and 15 other groups confronted her, hailed insults at her, and she was beaten. Her father found her in a ditch after the incident.As a result of such a humiliation, she tried to kill herself by drinking bleach but her attempt was unsuccessful. Unfortunately for Amanda, things kept getting worse.She discovered abusive messages about her failed attempt all over social media. As a result, her family had to move to another to another city to start over again. Unfortunately, the abuse followed her.In the words of her mother, “"Every time she moved schools he would go undercover and become a Facebook friend. What the guy did was he went online to the kids who went to [the new school] and said that he was going to be a new student — that he was starting school the following week and that he wanted some friends and could they friend him on Facebook. He eventually gathered people's names and sent Todd's video to her new school…”.She continued to be verbally and emotionally abused by her peers at her new school and things continued to get worse.In September of 2012, she posted this video detailing her struggles, her depression, and bullying.I wish I had a cinderella like ending for you guys but that is not what we got. On October 10, 2012. Amanda Todd was found dead hanging in her home.This story angers me for several reasons.How can someone be sick enough to take advantage of and manipulate a child? What does that person have to gain? The child didn’t do anything wrong!!How can her peers treat someone like utter horse crap? I don’t understand people whatsoever!How come the authorities couldn’t do anything/do more? The RCMP said there was nothing that could be done when all of this was going on. How is that so? THEY DIDN’T EVEN TRY!Why didn’t her schools do anything to stop this? They must have known.What good soul deserves to ever go through such a horrible experience?BULLYING AND TOYING WITH SOMEONE’S EMOTIONS IS NOT OKAY, PEOPLE. NO CHILD EVER DESERVES TO GO THROUGH THIS AND IT IS OUR JOB AS A SOCIETY TO PROTECT CHILDREN FROM THESE SORT OF THINGS AND THOSE SADISTIC *****.
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How is Harvard Business School so out of touch with Apple Pay?
“Rail travel at high speeds is not possible because passengers, unable to breathe, would die of asphyxia.”-Dionysius Lardner, Professor of Natural Philosophy and Astronomy at University College, London, 1830It hurts my heart to see an esteemed university publish such a regrettable article. It is also shocking that there was no empirical based insight published, just agenda ladened conjecture. In some ways I am not surprised. Academia has misunderstood the payments industry for over 50 years and I have tried and have been successful to help quite a number of well known professors understand the details. However, if one were to go by the postulations some Professors have presented over the years, the payments industry should not exist. There is much to learn from these insights and surprisingly many of them were adopted by some payment startups, advisors, board members and VCs. I will address the idle conjecture from this article, section by section:Apple Pay’s Technology Adoption ProblemApple wants to convert your iPhone into a digital wallet with Apple Pay. Professors Benjamin Edelman and Willy Shih assess its chances for success and wonder if consumers have a compelling reason to make the switch.This is a mostly correct insight. It may turn out to be ironic wording on the part of the author. To be clear, no one needs to “switch”.On the eve of debuting its digital payment system, Apple Pay, two Harvard Business School professors think the Cupertino company will have trouble coming up with an equally compelling message to drive sales of a service that allows you to pay at the retail counter with a swipe of an iPhone.No iPhones are “swiped” during a transaction, they are held at short distance for a few seconds in front of a customer facing terminal. "What does it do for me as a consumer?" asks Associate Professor Benjamin Edelman. “Why would I want to trade for something that already works [e.g. credit and debit cards], something that doesn't complain when it gets wet in the rain, something that doesn't complain when I launder my pants?"Why would I want to trade in an iPod, for something that already works, the Sony Walkman and use the cassette tapes that already work. This is a comment that shows a professor that truly does not understand the history of technology. Especially, he adds, when those cards give users and additional 1 or 2 percent off the purchase price. “I think Apple has its work ahead in convincing thoughtful and potentially skeptical customers," says Edelman.There is little that one can draw from this passage. There is no loss of 1 or 2 percent if the cards offered them before, they will be offered in the exact same manner via Apple Pay. ON WITH THE SHOWReports say Apple will roll out the digital payment service later this week, with perhaps more details coming at a press conference Thursday. But will it catch on, especially when several other similar services with big name sponsors such as Google have failed to gain much traction?The element that was overlooked by this professor is the fact that very little is similar to the business processes and business relationships Apple used in relationship to Google. Apple choose wisely to work with every element of the existing payments ecosystem. History will show, and likely this university will teach, that this was the primary premise that made Apple Pay the largest change since the invention of the magnetic stripe. Apple has a chicken-and-egg game to solve. Consumers won't use the service unless they are in use at a compelling number of stores. But merchants won’t install the expensive near field communications readers used by Apple Pay unless consumer demand is high.First off, Apple must convince merchants to adopt its service, says Willy Shih, the Robert and Jane Cizik Professor of Management Practice.“I THINK APPLE HAS ITS WORK AHEAD IN CONVINCING THOUGHTFUL AND POTENTIALLY SKEPTICAL CUSTOMERS”Only about 10 percent of retailers use NFC readers, and at least one retailer—Best Buy—stopped using them because they were too expensive. Officials with both Best Buy and Walmart have said the retailers have no plans, at least right now, of accepting the new payments technology in their stores.There will always be a “Chicken / Egg” issue with any system that would require equipment upgrades. However this article assumes over 200,000 of the most popular businesses in the US is not “a compelling number of stores”. It took 30 years for Visa and MasterCard to have over 200,000 businesses. It took over 5 years for Discover to have over 200,000 business locations. The professors did not even do a single empirical study to gain insights about the number of actual businesses and the demand to upgrade. I am performing these studies and can say that early results point of almost 300,000 locations and a demand that has shot up by over 3,000% and growing among small to large businesses.Thus Apple will not have “work” to convince merchants, the huge drive is coming from merchants and banks wanting to implement the service.Best Buy stopped using NFC for only one reason, they were not paying PIN based debit rates for these transactions and Apple is on the way to get these types of cards to be confirmed using biometric PINs. Shih believes merchants who consider adopting Apple Pay will naturally wonder: What do we get out of this? And they will specifically want to know if they will be asked to pay higher fees than credit card companies are charging?The data that Professor Shih has is invalid. The merchant is paying the exact same rate as with any other credit card. What they get out of it is manifold but no one can argue that the increase in speed is one foundational benefit. "Consumers might be motivated to do it, but if I don't have the merchant side in place, it doesn't matter," Shih says. "The merchants certainly aren't going to be motivated if the economic model is less favorable than today. It’s a complicated puzzle."The data that Professor Shih has is invalid. The economic model is not a “complicated puzzle to anyone other then Professor Shih.Apple has touted that Apple Pay will be supported by several leading retailers, including Bloomingdale's, McDonald's, and Macy's—and that it will work at about 220,000 merchant locations across the United States that have enabled contactless payments. But some analysts believe that's a small number compared with the nine million US merchants that currently accept credit cards. In short, Apple has a long way to go to knock off the established credit card system, Shih says.There is some valid information here. However 80% of the dollar volume in retail payment card sales come from 20% of merchants. Apple will have coverage of about 70% of these merchants by year end. My research suggests that a tremendous number of smaller merchants will fill in these numbers as 2015 winds out. "Ecosystems are very delicately balanced, and the current payment system represents a balance that has resulted from 40 years of evolution. There's a lot of inertia around that," Shih says. "You can have great technology, but you really have to line up the complementary assets so all the pieces play with you and they are motivated to make it work. At the end of the day, Apple is going to have to make the economics work for everybody. That is a hard job.”Professor Shih is still functioning on invalid data about the “economics”. The economics are exactly the same.DO CUSTOMERS CARE?Which brings us to the customer side of the chicken-and-egg conundrum. Millions of shoppers have used cards for years, with little hassle. Edelman points out that people will continue to carry cards even if digital payments gain some traction, so the barrier to overcome for mass acceptance is even higher.Millions of people used payment cards every day at Starbucks. But somehow 6 million weekly transactions in the U.S a full 15% of transactions made at the U.S. Starbucks-operated stores are made on the Starbucks wallet. The barriers these users overcome are huge, they have to buy credits using a payment card to even operate the wallet, yet this barrier is overcome 6 million times per week.Edelman has studied Bitcoin, a software-based online payment system, and he sees similarities between technology adoption roadblocks Bitcoin has encountered and issues Apple Pay is likely to face."Apple Pay has the same problems as Bitcoin: There's no reason for the regular consumer to use it," he says. “Why would a consumer want to make a $100 purchase with Bitcoin when the consumer can pay with a credit card and get 2 percent cash back?"There is absolutely no comparison to Apple Pay and Bitcoin. Professor Edelman is also operating on invalid data. The payment card that pays 2% back will continue to pay 2% back with Apple Pay.In addition to the limited number of merchants, Apple Pay appears to be limited to users of the latest iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, and Apple Watch—which leaves out many consumers with older iPhones or Android models.“Apple might be hamstrung by an incompatibility issue that the company intentionally introduced," Edelman says.The system works on iPhone 6 series phones. There is no doubt that there will be similar Android initiatives. The picture is very clear, if you have an iPhone 6 series phone, it works. This is not an incompatibility issue. Shih agrees that selling technology is tricky in a market full of incompatible products.Yes, yes it is."We're in a period now where you see this design competition with competing offerings, and on top of that, you have a platform competition where everyone has their network effects," he said. "It's like PlayStation versus Xbox. The technology convergence has brought us to a place where people are scrambling to come up with a new platform and trying to become the new dominant design.”Great insight about video game platforms. However they have no analogy with the subject of Apple Pay.Other companies that have attempted mobile payments have run into similar problems. Google Wallet was limited by its compatibility with different types of phones and cellular networks. And Softcard, which was backed by major wireless carriers, has seen little traction with its mobile wallet for similar reasons.This is correct. This is one of the most accurate insights from these professors. The destiny of Google Wallet was never in the hands of Google and thus it contributed to the failure of the system. This is not the case with Apple Pay. PITCHING SECURITYOne marketing pitch Apple is sure to try out with potential users is security, especially after notable bsignNowes at Home Depot and Target. When a customer pays with an iPhone, cashiers won't see the consumer's name, credit card number or security code because Apple uses a fingerprint reader on its recent iPhones to confirm identities. And when consumers add a credit or debit card with Apple Pay, the card number is not stored by Apple—instead, Apple provides a unique device account number for each transaction. In addition, the company says it won’t collect consumers' purchase history.Very accurate assertion.Edelman questions whether addressing security and privacy will be enough of a carrot to wean consumers off of their beloved plastic. Hesays other companies have tried to market the security angle, including the RevolutionCard, a PIN-based credit card that had no name, signature, or account number on it so that if it got lost or stolen, it couldn't be used unless the PIN was known. "It was stillborn," Edelman says. "It didn't work as a feature set. No one cared.”Professor Edelman is partly correct about the failure of Steve Case’s Gratis Card and The Revolution Money Card. However the professor is operating on invalid data. Apple Pay is not a card replacement. Apple Pay is a security wrapped around the existing payment card issuer relationship.“APPLE PAY HAS THE SAME PROBLEMS AS BITCOIN. THERE’S NO REASON FOR THE REGULAR CONSUMER TO USE IT”Even recent high-profile data bsignNowes have not led consumers to abandon credit cards in signNow numbers. "Security doesn't work for the thoughtful consumer," Edelman says. "(Data bsignNowes) mostly mean inconvenience for the consumer because the losses are really borne by banks, merchants, and credit cards, not by consumers."Besides, Shih wonders whether data will be any safer with the Apple Pay system.I think Professor Shih may need to conduct a study on how the Target bsignNow impacted consumers. I have not conducted a deep study but can state clearly that some consumers had their bank account zeroed out in the early days of the bsignNow and the banks were not crediting back the transaction that appeared “valid” from debit card bsignNowes. I know of a case where a single mom had missed rent and food because of the missing funds in her checking account for days. Although this is anecdotal, there are many examples vetted by the media. I would also ask Professor Shih to speak with any merchant that has been a victim of a major bsignNow about how systems like Apple Pay would have saved them millions of dollars in fines and replacement costs to card holders. "The fingerprint reader generating a unique code is pretty smart," he acknowledges. "But it electronically seems to do the same thing as a PIN code. And to the extent that the code goes into the existing payment network that's still not secure, have we really accomplished anything?"TouchID is far and away more secure then a 4 digit PIN code. The math is quite simple. But just the logic, it take very little time to guess a PIN number. It takes a great deal of time to try to fake a finger print that is acceptable to TouchID. In many cases it is impossible to fake a fingerprint unless you have intimate access to the target. Thus a faster way to steal money is a PIN number and not a finger print. CAN YOU PAY ME NOW?Other technical questions remain. Edelman wants to know whether Apple Pay will work if the phone isn’t charged, or in areas with poor cell reception?This would be better addressed by studying the technology and not using a a guessing game. Apple Pay will work with zero cell or WiFi reception. Apple Pay will work with a low battery. Apple Pay will stop working if there is no way to power on the iPhone. Apple may release more details tomorrow, so time will tell whether the company will address some of the system's potential shortcomings—and perhaps more important, whether regardless of any shortcomings, merchants and consumers will embrace this new mode of payment. Either way, even if Apple stumbles with its mobile wallet, the company will likely survive the reputation hit.Yes, they addressed the shortcomings. Apple announced that instead of 7 banks supporting Apple Pay payment cards, there are now over 500."Any failure Apple experiences here will be more than offset by the legions of fans that like their other stuff," Edelman said. “I'm not losing any sleep for Apple."I think Professor Edelman can sleep soundly. He has articulated how some academics, even notable academics are all too human. We are fallible. I hope that history is kind with these Professors.
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Does any university offer an online course in cyber security/ethical hacking?
well , hacking is something according to me can’t be shoved down the throat or pushed inside mind forcibly . It is like free will for curiosity in computer sector , where no-one can guide you or magic commands to hack. Learning from university can be risky as well as beneficial ,in terms :-They will teach you very limited and specific things . No place for growth.specific methods are taught and no room for experimentation.get ready to shell out large bucks for less knowledge .i found google as my best friend and great mentor for learning security .No restrictions , no charges , always ready to help !! what else do you need ?To be frank , those courses and their certificate are least valuable . Learn to google so to hack .
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What is the procedure to claim unclaimed dividend and shares which have been transferred to IEPF?
IEPF CLAIM:Besides, what has been elaborated upon by the above said expert, it is important to understand the intricacies of the whole process.For an IEPF Claim to go through, it is essential to find the reason for transfer of shares to the IEPF A/c. There may be many scenarios such as change of address, delay in informing the company about the demise of a shareholder, miniscule dividend amounts not deposited in the bank accounts etc.It is after all adequate documents have been submitted to the satisfaction of the Registrar and the company, the Registrar issues a proof on entitlement letter, only after the receipt of which one should file the IEPF Form 5. If the latest addresses, signatures and other necessary documents are not updated in company’s records, it leads to delay in the whole process to claim shares from the IEPF.Practically, no company is sending the claim documents with verification report to the IEPF within the prescribed 15 days. Also, the mandatory 60 day period to reply to a claim received by the IEPF is not being strictly adhered to leading to anxiousness and agony to a lot of investors.For any detailed discussion about reclaiming one’s shares and dividends from the IEPF, one can seek profession help. There is ample information on IEPF Claim - Recover unclaimed shares for investors to successfully reclaim their hard earned money from the government.
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