Install Electronic signature Form Simple
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Install Electronic signature Form Simple. Check out probably the most consumer-warm and friendly knowledge of airSlate SignNow. Manage your complete papers handling and revealing program digitally. Move from portable, paper-structured and erroneous workflows to programmed, computerized and perfect. You can actually create, provide and indicator any paperwork on any system anywhere. Ensure your airSlate SignNow enterprise situations don't fall over the top.
Find out how to Install Electronic signature Form Simple. Stick to the easy guide to get started:
- Design your airSlate SignNow accounts in click throughs or log in with your Facebook or Google accounts.
- Take pleasure in the 30-day free trial version or select a rates plan that's excellent for you.
- Locate any legitimate format, build on the internet fillable varieties and share them securely.
- Use superior features to Install Electronic signature Form Simple.
- Indication, individualize signing purchase and acquire in-man or woman signatures 10 times speedier.
- Set automated alerts and acquire notifications at every stage.
Relocating your duties into airSlate SignNow is straightforward. What comes after is a simple procedure to Install Electronic signature Form Simple, together with suggestions to keep your fellow workers and associates for better alliance. Encourage your workers using the very best instruments to stay on the top of organization functions. Increase productivity and size your company quicker.
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FAQs
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What is the best alternative to SignNow?
In a world of mobile app and the internet, why are you still collecting signatures on paper? Chasing people for signatures is slow and paper can get lost. SignNow lets you collect signatures and forms quickly and easily from any device. Use of esign app for electronic signatures is 100% safe and legal.There are 2 best alternatives to SignNow -eSignly - eSignly is an electronic signature solution that makes signing simple and fast. You only need to follow 3 steps and you are done -Choose DocumentAdd the name of all the people involved.Drag your signature and drop it where you need and click send.Features provided by eSingly are -In-person signing - Use an electronic signature app on your iPad to take the signatures.Security - All the electronic documents are protected by SSL encryption.Status Notifications - are sent when the document is reviewed.Audit Trail - Record of each party like name, address, IP address is maintained according to the date and time of the activity occurred.Instant verification is done by eSingly to validate the document.It supports all the devices such as Android, MAC, Windows, Linux, Mobile app, windows phone, etc.It works with applications like Dropbox, OneDrive, EverNote, Google Drive, etc.signNow - signNow Basic is the e-signature solution that allows you to easily sign a full range of documents and forms online without installation of any software. it also provides the digital signature app.Key Features of signNow are -It is secure and completely reliable.It offers 24/7 document control.To brand your user’s experience you can add your logo and color palette.Offers services to small, medium and large size enterprises.It also provides the mobile Signature feature.
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What is the best PDF reader, annotator, and organizer for academic scholars using a Mac? Is there such an application and/or sof
Even I had the similar problem, my windows 10 upgrade laptop crashed badly and I decided to go for Macbook Air which is all new OS for me. Earlier I had organised my work in Zotero in Mozilla Firefox, and I was using symlink to dropbox to sync my library between my office PC and Laptop (as free 300 MB cloud storage got exhausted early and I had no credit card to buy additional Cloud Storage from Zotero), it was all working good until I went for Window 10 upgrade and finally my hardware crashed. Now in mac I don’t know much where the appdata file stored and not sure even the symlink can be created from Zotero library stored in dropbox or not.I have installed Zotero in Firefox on mac yet I’m looking to find more easy way to do the same. I read a comparison which I hope you’ll find useful http://thesismonkey.com/compare-...Now, I’m going to try Readcube coz it has auto search and highlighted pdf options along with other features like Zotero. Lets hope it works well!
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What is the best free PDF reader for large documents?
[1] PDF format is popularly known as print document format. This creates a virtual printer within operating system to print the document. For offline scanning of document, the PDF format is popular. The importance attached with these program is that you need to have PDFsoftware installed to run these files. If someone sends you PDF file and your computer do not have such software installed then that file is not to be read from there.There are so many PDF softwires available and this article aims to find out the mostly free software or freeware to help readers to choose from variety of options. More and more operating systems are providing built-in facilities for such products. Now-a-days everything comes with PDF formats beginning from circulars, bank statement, insurance statement, tax statement and e-books.That is why there immense important to have the free PDF software installed on computer but the thousand question is which one is to choose from the variety of resources available.Sumatra PDF:Sumatra PDF is available for download to Windows since the times of Windows XP. This program has very low foot print, light on system resources and fast. It is going to perform simple task as well as it is going to perform complex task depending upon you choose from PDFfiles. It is available with installed version as well as standalone portable version in which it does not write to registry.It is available in 64 bit version on Windows. It is available for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 and 10. It is available for Windows operating system only.signNow Reader DC:It is from signNow and signNow is available for free for users. While installing this software do check for installation of MCAfee security and safe connect.it is a big download of nearing to 120 MB. Yours antivirus software might stop this installation so allow to install it. This software for high=end computing processes.Many features are included with it and for some features you might need it and if you want to have these features then it is better to choose this software. It has mobile version of android and apple operating system. With it you are going to synchronize documents with clouds and yours signature too and everything is going to stay with cloud to access from each and every device.When you first download signNow on Windows, a download manager first downloads and it is small in size and then by opening that download manager signNow software is installed and this is nearer to 120 MB.PDF-Xchange Editor:PDF-Xchange Editor is a smart PDF tools and most functions are free except some complex ones. It is a PDF reader, pdf editor and pdf tools. It can print PDFs, fill the forms created with signNow and can extract images from PDF files. There are some advanced features included in this free version but most of these are not free one is that watermarking of PDFsoftware which is not free.Foxit Reader:Foxit Reader is fast, simple and is there for years. It is available for Windows, Apple and android versions. It can fill forms and save data. Can include and validate electronic signatures. During installation user need to be cautioned not to install so many verities of other software. In order to keep the size of download minimal, the user manual is available for separate download.It is faster than PDF-Xchange Editor. If you are not interested in OCR facilities then Foxit reader is best suited for yours work. Multiple PDF documents when opened all these are opened in tab format and shifting from one tab to the other is easier. From time to time it introduces some new features in order to provide dynamic software development.It allows adding up of multimedia files easier. Collaboration with social media accounts becomes easier with Fixit Reader because of the ease to synchronize with Twitter, Facebook, Evernote and SharePoint. One caution is that Foxit Reader comes bundled with so many other software and toolbar and it is important to not to allow installations of such software during its installation.MuPDF Reader:It is very lightweight PDF Reader. On its first launch it will ask you about to choose from files instead of showing its interface and when the PDF is opened then it shows the exact documents and no toolbar and other interfaces are present. In order to see the interface of MuPDF reader you are going to click on the top left of the visible windows to find it. It provides a cleaner interface and superior look for PDF files.Google Chrome PDF viewer:While browsing for internet whenever you see any PDF and click on it and it will slowly open in another tab of Chrome and you can read it from there or download by clicking the downloadsymbol available there. This setting can be turned and changed out there easily, go to settings of chrome and then advanced and then content settings and then pdf documents, Scroll down and click on PDF documents and from there switch on ‘Download PDF files instead of opening automatically opening them in Chrome’ and this will download PDF files from net to computer.If you want to read PDF files that are stored inside computer, then right click on that files and then open with chrome and your chrome reader will automatically, open pdf files and for this you will not have to install pdf viewers. Similarly, with android if you install Google Drive then you will not need any other third-party PDF apps as Google Drive act as PDF viewer and make it default while opening the first PDF and that is going to make it default.TinyPDF:TinyPDF as the name suggests has very small foot print of PDF reader and it has no string attached. It is only 586k as it is less than one MB. It does not contain no malware, adware, watermarks and no pop Global Home: UPS is completely free. JPEG compression is supported. No ghost script and third-party software included with the installer version. The downside is that it is partially supported on 64-bit computer. Automatic font management is there.There are so many alternatives to use for PDF viewer and if your computer is 64 bit then you can download the 64 bit version of Sumatra PDF and if you want to insert electronic signature then opt for Foxit PDF reader and if you want to have the old and classic PDF reader which is heavier in file composition and not for low end computing purposes then go for signNow and lastly if you do not want to install PDF readers at all then it is better to open it with Google Chrome built in PDF viewer.So, there are many large numbers of option to choose from and if you want to have some complex PDF functions besides the presence of PDF reader you need pdf tools and others then it is best to have PDF-Xchange viewer and so many other option listed here you can choose it from. There are some other alternatives are available which are there to search ad find in internet.This entry was posted in Android Apps on Google Play, Apple Inc., Computer Information Technology, Google, Google Chrome, Information Technology, Internet, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows XP and tagged signNow, Apple, doPDF, FOXIT READER, free PDF converter, google chrome, image to pdf converter, PDF Password Remover, pdf printer, pdf-xchange, Sumatra PDF A PDF Viewer for Windows, WINDOWS, Windows 8, WINDOWS VISTA, WINDOWS XP, Windows XP SP3 onFootnotes[1] Best Free PDF Writer and Reader
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What is a payday loan, and why are they so bad?
This is a loan intended to be short term “payday” came about as it was intended to be a loan to carry you over till you got your next paycheck.As others have noted they are very high interest rate loans. Having such a loan for a short period of time (1–2 weeks) is expensive but not unmanageable. If you take such a loan off and take a long time to pay it off, then it will cost you a fortune in interest payments.The main issue is that when you get the loans they have 1–2 year terms on them, thus the payments may seem like they are not too bad monthly, but in reality you are paying a lot of interest and little on the principle so over that time you may pay double or triple the loan you took out (assuming you don’t just pay it off right away.The secondary issue is that these loans tend to be geared towards and given to lower income people with bad credit. Someone with good credit, even with low income, likely can have a credit card that could cover some unexpected expense, which is still high interest rate but no where near as bad as a payday loan… people with bad credit however will turn to payday loans, and there is a reason they have bad credit and this is normally related to their lack of ability to manage money. Take someone who is not good at managing money, give them a high interest loan and a long time to pay it off and it is very bad for the consumer.The final issue is that people also don’t use these loans for what they should be used for. This likely falls back to the poor money management part of things. People will take one of these loans out so they can buy a video game system or a new big TV, not to cover a necessity till the next paycheck. Basically this starts a spiral of debt on the heads of people who in general cannot afford it.
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What are the future trends in information technology?
Mobile apps are now an integral part of the digital strategy and the demand of mobile apps is increasing rapidly around the globe and we can find millions of Business apps, lifestyle apps, educational apps, on-demand apps, etc on the Google Play Store and the App Store. Technology in the area of mobile app development is getting advanced day by day. A number of new trends have introduced this year.Following are the latest trends in Information Technology and application development:1) BeaconsAmong the common users, the technology of beacons becomes more widespread. More applications with beacon-based features will be created for users, and - starting from informational sources, virtual guides and ending with location-based games and much more. However, it is unlikely that users expect a technical revolution in this direction. Beacons continue to expand in use cases covering more and more areas where a person could get all the necessary information in the right place without having an Internet connection.2.Augmented reality (AR) TechnologyThe approach of regular applications or traditional games is completely changed with the help of Augmented reality. This technology in a mobile application will receive new impetus in 2019 and probably become mainstream. The Apple and Google have launched their own augmented reality kits i.e AR Kit and AR Core resp. And it helps app developers to create high-quality mobile apps.3) Artificial IntelligenceArtificial intelligence seems to be a game changer in mobile app development. Apple allowed developers to integrate Siri into their applications only in 2017. Soon, artificial intelligence will be utilized for a wide range of activities. So far, only large companies can afford to develop mobile applications with artificial intelligence onboard. In 2019, the rules must change.4) Internet of things (IoT)The Internet of things isn’t a mysterious technology anymore. Analysts predict signNow changes in this area in 2019. Home appliances like smart electric kettles and everything that has the prefix "smart" can be combined into a single infrastructure for authorized users.5) BlockchainThe blockchain is so much more than just the technology behind cryptocurrencies. A digital account book of economic transactions that can be programmed to record not just financial transactions but virtually everything of value. Blockchain can add value in so many ways to the way in which we currently go about our lives and do business. Expect to see this technology become more and more prevalent in everyday life and business.6) Data and security applicationsProbably, the most important element on this list. New security requirements of Apple are changing mobile development. Google is likely to present something similar for Android. The latest trends in this area are connected with blocking. Together with two-factor authentication and other methods, you can signNowly increase data protection.7) Cloud-Based App DevelopmentNowadays a number of mobile app development companies are using Cloud-based app development. So they have a better-streamlined operation, collaboration and increased productivity. These type of mobile apps reduce the load on the internal memory by fetching the data from the cloud and therefore this can prove beneficial for app developers and business owners.8) On-demand mobile app developmentOn-demand services are just one of the many things that are made possible thanks to the advancement of technology; in fact, you could say that on-demand services are our world. We can use the on-demand app at our convenient and at anywhere. The market for on-demand services is continuously improving and providing more and more services, each better and faster than the last. Majority of on-demand app falls under the category as food ordering app, car cleaning app, taxi services, laundry service, renting app, etc.9) Digital Wallet appsWhile doing online shopping most people use internet banking or credit/debit cards for payments. Also, customers prefer to pay digital cash even doing offline shopping from grocery stores or shopping malls. That payment is done through digital wallet apps. People gradually shifting to m-commerce with the introduction of Google Wallet and Apple Pay. This trend is getting more stronger day by day in 2019. With this, the organizations can harvest data and offer in-depth analysis about clients in a good way. Customers will get more comfortable with this payment option.10) ChatbotsChatbots technology is growing very rapidly, with the market growing at the CAGR of 37.11%. It is forecasted to signNow a booming $6 Billion by the end of 2023. When business bots are combined with a mobile app, offer a way of creating simulating customer interaction for business. According to the statistics, in 2019- 65% of US consumers are likely to interact with chatbots.The mobile app industry is continuously expanding at a rapid speed with the introduction of these mobile app trends. Huge competition among the developers and mobile app makers will be there than ever in 2019. You must consider all these app development trends before you start working on your app otherwise you would be left behind in the race. Now, don’t forget to tie every product launch to these mobile app trends.Over the last decade, I’ve launched many apps and SaaS platforms for entrepreneurs and early-stage startups who’ve gone ahead and made hundreds and millions of dollars using these platforms. If you have an app idea and not sure where to start, I can help. Feel free to connect with contact details in my profile.
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I have Microsoft Security Essentials and use Chrome. Is it possible that I have any sort of malicious program without me knowing
I'll draw a simple analogy from your question: "I have Microsoft Security Essentials and use Chrome. Is it possible that I have any sort of malicious program without me knowing it?" Is exactly like asking: "I have installed a security camera system (Microsoft Security Essentials) for my house (Computer) that is able to stop and sound an alarm for burglars (viruses) wearing white t-shirts and blue jeans (virus signature) who try to come in from the window (Chrome or other browsers/apps) or from the front door (Operating System)".While this security system will you put you in a 'far' better position than someone who didn't install it, this system is only capable of catching a specific type of burglars (viruses) identified by their signature. Burglars wearing black shirts and masks (if not identified by Microsoft through their research first) have a high probability of slipping right through the system without getting caught and without sounding the alarm! This is the problem with AV solutions nowadays, they're always playing defense, trying to catch up with innovative penetration methods and new vulnerabilities and never have the capacity to play offense (which in many ways is the best form of defense).A house, unlike a computer/OS is always evolving with constant updates/features/upgrades and new applications which could all be vulnerable to all sorts of attacks even if earlier releases were not! It's like adding new windows, doors and shafts to your house constantly. Whenever you secure one, another area might be prone to attacks. I'm not saying that these solutions are obsolete, no. All I'm saying is that they're not enough and probably will never be. However, having them installed and keeping them constantly up to date will increase your chances of being safe (more or less).Awareness is also a critical component. Reliance on systems alone to protect your data and hardware is not enough. You need to have an understanding, even at a high level of what happens under the hood and stay up to date with the latest happenings. There are multiple foundations trying to spread awareness about privacy issues and cyber security Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) for example and many others. I would recommend keep an eye on them whenever possible.With the latest revelations about the NSA (and probably numerous other entities as well) tapping into the data of major online service providers, and with our constant reliance on cloud based solutions, I'm not really sure about the future of our privacy. While it may sound like a dark perspective, it is becoming more and more evident that the only way to stay 100% secure is to be disconnected from the grid (internet). Which of course, is an impossibility. Hence, we have to accept that our data will never be totally safe, but we'll keep on trying to the best of our abilities to decrease the chances of it being compromised.Hope this helps;
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How good is the Euro-Fighter Typhoon?
Modern warfare has become highly technological and strategic. Contemporary wars are won by Air forces - The modern fighter jets are complex fighting machines which form a ‘critical component’ of any world class airforce.Those Critical Assets are :LM JSF F - 35 Lightning IILM F - 22 RaptorEuro Fighter TyphoonSu - 35 Super Flanker ERafale Omni Role Super french FR3 / M variantsGripen SAAB Smart Figher JAS - 39 C / D / EChegdu Stealth J - 20 Mighty DragonStrike Eagle F - 15 EAdvanced Fulcrum MiG - 35sF / A - 18 Super HornetsF - 21 ViperFighting Falcon F - 16 Block - 52 & 60CAC J - 10s C Fire Bird Super Multi RoleSu - 30 Flanker variantsEagle F - 15 Variant CSu 27 s ‘Base Flanker’Fulcrum MiG - 29sare considered PRIME assets for thier air forces.They carry expensive tools of destruction with them such as :AIM 120 DMBDA MeteorRussian R - 77Storm ShadowVympel R - 73MICAR - 27Chinese Ultra long range PL - 15SD - 10JSMPavewayBrimstoneAIM 120 CAIM 132R - DarterDerbyPythonK - 100Astra &Cruise Missile & Stand Off A SMP VariantsHence one can safely say that No Manufacturer of Fighter jet will give away the Real / true Warfare or combat capability, let alone the full limits of it. Hence One has to wait for the real combat - the real showdown to see the real capability. Base Specifications & information related to Systems , Components , Weapons and Electronics are issued for marketing tactics or for disinformation purposes. So maybe all the information available is 100% accurate.__________________________________________________________________________________A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^THE EURO FIGHTER EF-2000 Tranche 4NICKNAMED “TYPHOON”Its a highly discussed Fighter jet , having mixed reviews by its supporters and by its opponents, has sparked a public argument. With predessors such as JAGUAR, PANAVIA & HARRIER, Its a European consorcium Fighter UK, Germany , Italy & Spain - first proto type released in Mid 1990s. Hence It was a European solution to a European scenario.DESIGN & AERODYNAMICSThe ability to patrol and intercept hostile aircraft is known as Quick Reaction Alert. Typhoon is a master in it.Designed for Single Seat - STOL Capable - Twin Engine - Initially developed as Supersonic BVR interception and close combat , Multi Role adaptations. Typhoon is designed to perform at least five air missions very efficiently :Air superiorityAir interdictionSuppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD)Close Air Support (CAS)Maritime Attack.Its in active operational service with 9 Operators.(Consorcium members plus Saudia Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Austria ). More than 550 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft have been successfully delivered to seven countries: Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Austria, Oman and Saudi Arabia; and ordered by two more: Kuwait and Qatar. Participated in combats during operations in Libya, Iraq and Syria.Length 15.96 m x Wingspan 10.95 m.Length 15.67 mtrs x Wingspan 10.67 mtrs for F- 35AHence slightly Big in Size then lets say F-35 Lightning IIMax Altitude Above 59,000 ftEuro Fighter is based on a Typical European Design of Unstable airframe , a foreplane Delta - wing forward canard configuration, with dual intakes under the fuselage & a single vertical stabilizer .The ‘conventional statically stable’ aircraft has a ‘built-in’ inherent stability which requires a large wing area and causes a lot of drag that slows the aircraft under a turn.Fighter jets require Agility which is exact opposite of Stability. You want a fighter to be able to make turns & loops as quickly & easily as possible. Consequently, fighter aircraft rely on configurations that are unstable or neutrally stable. Canards help in this regard.CANARDS AND THIER IMPACTAn aeronautical device wherein a small fore-wing is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. A wide variety of canard designs have been proposed and flown over . Canards are used on aircraft whose main wings are well behind the center of gravity, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon..Carnards can be used as horizontal stabilizers as they being ahead of the C.G of the aircraft, acts directly to reduce longitudinal static stability.The aerodynamic advantages derived from the delta wing canard configuration :AERODYNAMIC FLOW RESULTING IN HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK :Angle of attack is the angle at which the oncoming air meets the wing. At low angle of attack, the vertical tail provides directional stability. However, as the angle of attack increases, its effectiveness decreases.High angles of attack (AOA) can be translated into a very high instantaneous turn rate and gives maneuverability advantages. Modren fighter jets can exceed 90 degrees AOA - Yet the software limit’s them from 30 - 60 Degrees to prevent Air frame damage owing to Stresses and fatigue factors.Layman terms - Higher the angle of attack, the more lift is generated by the wing… ONLY UPTO A POINT.Thereafter the wing signNow its ‘Critical Angle of Attack’ , and at higher angles of attack the amount of lift generated drops dramatically.Beyond the critical angle of attack , the wing no longer effectively generates lift and jet is stalled. Canards stall before the wings. Canards smoothen the turbulence and create Laminar (non-turbulent) flow. Good vortex flow is obtained and a High Angle of Attack may be obtained.UNSTABILITY :Create Unstability which is preferred. Results in Agility. The result is balanced by applying Controlled by FBW Computer Systems. A statically unstable basic aircraft needs continuous stabilisation with the help of an active flight control system with full authority.The high angle of attack recovery (HAoA) function is an extension of the flight control system’s angle of attack limitation. If the aircraft has a low speed and high nose angle, the angle of attack will be low at first but will increase and exceed the angle of attack limit as the speed drops further. The HAoA function and command will return the aircraft to the normal flight envelope in a controlled manner.CREATES LIFT :The canard essentially moves horizontal tail up to the nose and places the wing's center of lift behind the center of gravity. To balance the natural nose down tendency, Canard generates an upward lifting force - which helps oppose weight.Note that Canards results to produce ‘induced drag’ , it is usually countered by high aspect ratio canards i.e long and narrow.Combined delta canard configuration and 538 ft2 wing size confer very low wing loading on 50% internal fuel, and are optimised for transonic manoeuvre and supersonic dash performance. The loosely coupled canard is intended to provide high control authority at high angles of attack, by placing the surfaces ahead of the main vortices, but also to provide lower trim drag in supersonic flight.A Modern Composite Airframe with constituents :Carbon Fibre Composites 70%Metals 15%Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) 12%Only 15% of the aircraft’s surface is metal. This gives a small Radar Cross section of RCS < 0.5 m2. Hence Typhoon makes slightly greater use of RAM and active canard signature management for frontal RCS reduction (As a comparison this is probably offset in the high-end survivability department by Active Syealth of Gripen E or Rafale’s superior SPECTRA electronic warfare system).POWER PLANT & PROPULSION EXCELLENCEThe Euro Jet EJ - 200’s components were developed by Rolls-Royce plc, MTU, Avio Group SpA, and Industria Turbo Propulsores SA – all well-respected names. And, like the Eurofighter, The Euro-jet consortium hails from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain.The EJ-200 is the most modern combat engine in its class – with the best thrust-to-weight ratio, thrust retention and smallest fan diameter – the EJ200 sets new standards for reliability and adaptability. Typhoon is powered by 2 x Eurojet EJ-200 afterburning turbofans , each develops a DRY THRUST of 65 KN / 14,000 LBS & 90 KN / 20, 500 LBS Thrust with REHEAT.It takes about 1 minute 30 seconds after take-off to signNow more than 30,000 feet, all the while maintaining intercept airspeed.The engine is compact, approximately 4 metres in length, 800mm (30 inches) in diameter and weighs around 1,000 kg. The two-spool design with single-stage turbines drives the three-stage fan and five-stage HP compressor with annular combustion with vaporising burners.Engines powering the Typhoons of UK Royal Air Force (RAF) routinely achieve a mean time between repairs of over 1,000 flying hours, while the fleet leader in RAF has achieved over 1,700 flying hours on-wing without need for repair. This is unprecedented in combat engines where on-wing hours can often be measured in the low hundreds for previous generation engines. Relaibility centric Predictive Maintenance is achieved through use of advanced integrated Health Monitoring for class-leading reliability, maintainability and through Life Cost.Capability to cruise at supersonic speeds without the use of reheat (After Burners) for extended periods. it can fly at sustained speeds of MACH 1.5 AT FULL COMBAT EXTERNAL LOAD without the use of afterburner.CRITICAL SUB SYSTEMS OF PROPULSION SYSTEMLP CompressorHP CompressorA.C.CTurbine StageRe Heat or After burner SystemsDECMU1- LP - LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOREJ-200 consists of a 3-stage Low-pressure compressor (LPC) module & 5-stage High-pressure compressor. This provides a ‘High Surge margin’ (Typhoon pilots feedback often states it is virtually impossible to surge the engine), needs no heating devices to combat ice and has a high bird strike resistance. Each stage of the LPC is equipped with wide-chord integrated blade/disk (blisk) assemblies that are low in weight (each stage in the LPC consists of a single blisk with no removable parts) and are a major factor in the reduction of complexity easing the burden on maintenance cost and personnel. At the end of the Low Pressure Compression module, core air is compressed by a factor of 4.2.2 -HP - HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORAir is then directed to the High Pressure Compressor (HPC), which is again designed achieve high reliability and minimum maintenance effort.Like the LPC, HPC is also equipped with single blisks in the first three stages. HPC further compresses core air by a factor of 6.2, leading to air that has been compressed by a factor of 26. The fact that EJ200 achieves this in eight stages, far lesser than the nine or ten stages employed by engines of comparable performance, is testament to the efficient aerodynamic design of the blades.3 - ACC - ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBEREJ-200s annular combustor receives the highly compressed air. Microspraying fuel increases combustion-efficiency and also reduces the visible emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The key factors in determining jet engine efficiency and achievable work are the temperature and pressure differences attained between the engine inlet and combustor outlet. Although the maximum temperature of air leaving the combustion chamber is classified, the outlet stator temperature is generally reported to be 200ºC higher than previous generation engines.4 - TURBINE STAGEDownstream of the annular combustion chamber is the High Pressure Turbine (HPT). In order to handle the large temperatures generated in the combustion chamber, the HPT uses air-cooled single-crystal blades. The HPT guide vanes utilise a special Thermal Barrier Coating which increases the life of the blade and increases the achievable operating temperature .Following the HPT is a single Low Pressure Turbine stage, again employing single crystal blades.5- AFTER BURNING SYSTEMSEUROJET has installed an innovative three-stage thrust augmentation system to supply reheat as and when required by the pilot. Downstream from the low-pressure turbine, in the exhaust duct, are the first two stages of the thrust augmenter. The first stage consists of a radial series of burners and their associated flame cups. Subsequent to this is a stage of ‘primary vaporisers’ that spray fine mists of fuel that combust on contact with the hot exhaust air. Finally, the third stage comprises of fuel injectors located at the back of the bypass duct. These spray fuel into the cold, oxygen rich air that has passed through the duct unburned. It should be noted the dry performance of the engine is so good, pilots do not use reheat as much as other engines in this class. Operationally, this means more performance for less fuel.6 - DECMU (Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit)EJ-200’s Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit (DECMU) provides carefree handling for the whole turbo-machinery, automatically activates and controls the various stages of reheat, reduces pilot workload and provides engine monitoring and executive lifing functionalities. Executive Lifing measures actual usage rather than planned mission profiles which can achieve up to 50% Life Cycle Cost savings compared to other engines without this advantage. This is key not only to achieving the unparalleled standards of reliability but also in making the engine cost effective over its performance life. Executive Lifing reduces maintenance costs, especially given that the EJ-200 maintenance philosophy is a modular concept.Rate of Climb 317 Mtrs / SecWith 90KN ThrustSpeed 2.1 - 2.2 Mach & 2,900 kms RangeCombat RadiusGround attack, lo-lo-lo : 601 kmGround attack, hi-lo-hi : 1389 kmAir defence with 3hr CAP : 185 kmAir defence with 10-min loiter : 1389 kmG Limits : +9/-3 w/ int fuel and two AIM-120Impressive Thrust to Weight Ration of 1.15Empty Weight 22,000 lb / 9,999 kgMax Take-Off Weight 46,305 lb / 21,000 kgFerry Range 5,382 km / 3,310 miles — with 4 x drop tanksTyphoon is the faster aircraft and has a signNowly superior thrust-to-weight ratio which gives it better acceleration at all altitudes. This also allows Typhoon to retain and regain energy faster (than say Rafale) in a horizontal dogfight situation. Another key factor in maneuverability is Wing Loading ratio ; In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. It is expressed as kilograms per square meter, or pounds per square foot of wing area.Smaller the wing loading ratio , the better the turn performance.[math]Euro Fighter - 310 ; [/math][math]Rafale - 327 ; [/math][math]F15C - 358 ; [/math][math]F-18 - 460 Kg / m2. [/math]It also has a signNowly higher service ceiling of over 60,000 ft which allows it to operate uniquely well alongside the US F-22 Raptors ‘high and fast’ in the air superiority role which is exactly where it was designed to excel.RADAR , AVIONICS & COMMMUNICATIONSFull Authority FCS & Quadruplex digital system. Modern and comprehensive Avionic package. The pilot’s control system is a voice throttle and stick system (VTAS). Heads Up and Heads Down Display systems M.H.D.D installed.Detection technology used in latest tranch is :X-band CAPTOR (I/J-band) ECR-90 pulse-Doppler multimode radar.An AESA radar provides an aircraft with a more efficient, more robust, longer-ranged and finer-detailed radar than older, mechanically scanned or passive systems. It has improved Jamming Resistance and acts immensely to increase the situational awareness and effectiveness of a modren fighter jet. The addition of an AESA radar has become necessary because almost all modern fighter aircraft have already transitioned to this architecture.The CAPTOR-E radar , being developed by the Euro RADAR Consortium led by Selex ES, is based on the existing ‘back end’ of the mechanically-scanned (M-scan) CAPTOR radar. All Weather Radar Features Synthetic Aperture, Multimode A/A and A/G Fire Control Radar and Weapon System Support, with over 1,000 modules and a new AESA antenna mounted on an innovative repositioner. It can also cover low band Frequencies VHF/UHF. This gives the radar an unmatched field of regard without compromising performance and reliability.P.I.R.A.T.E SYSTEMA Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system for infrared search and tracking or a Supplementary Radar.The Typhoon’s PIRATE IRST is far and away the most capable fighter-mounted system in operation anywhere in the world. Its phenomenal sensitivity caused problems during the first decade of service due to the sheer number of false positive returns but now that processing power has caught up enough to allow the sensitivity to be properly exploited for extremely long range detection of fighter sized targets, including stealth targets, it is becoming one of Typhoon’s strongest advantages in the air superiority arena.However, at present, the systems integration allowing the radar and IRST to be tasked together in an optimal fashion is still superior on Rafale. This is a core focus of capability upgrades in the P3E software package for Typhoon.The system picks up heat changes around it & by this spot subsonic aircraft as far away as up to 100km+. This means that the Typhoon can still shoot its advanced IR-tracking missiles at a target, even though its enemy has stealth features.PIRATE detects and tracks the Infra-Red signatures of multiple aircraft at long range, over a wide field of view, day & night and adverse weather conditions. Being a passive sensor, it enables the aircraft to gather early intelligence of threats and to manoeuvre stealthily into an advantageous tactical position without being detected by hostile electronic warfare systems.PIRATE is integrated with other on-board sensor systems for maximum sensor fusion effectiveness. PIRATE locates & provides ‘cueing information’ on ground targets. It provides data and imagery to Head’s-up & Multi-function Head’s -down displays, facilitating navigation and terrain avoidance in adverse weather conditions.D.A.S.S SYSTEMDefensive Aid Sub System with Electronic Counter measures against incoming Missiles.Offering a comprehensive suite of electronic support measures and counter-measures, the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System developed by the Leonardo-led EuroDASS consortium, is carried in 2 x wing pods that are an integral part of the wing. DASS greatly enhances Eurofighter Typhoon’s ability to avoid, evade, counter and survive evolving threats.It consists of :Electronic Support Measures (ESM)A laser threat and missile approach warning systemAn Electronic Countermeasures System (ECM), decoys, towed decoysJammers and other sensorsAvionics.Eurofighter Typhoon D.A.S.S is also equipped with a ‘Towed Radar Decoy’ . carried in the starboad side as ‘built in’ to the wing tip. Towed decoy systems are for defensive purposes & used to protect fighter jets from radar-guided missiles. These countermeasures are towed behind the host aircraft protecting it against both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. They provide a radio-wave reflecting baid that attracts the RF-guided missiles away from the intended target.Miniature Air Launched Decoy MALDENHANCED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSEven while still on the ground, the pilot can keep a check on the position of the aircraft to be intercepted via its Data-Link (a two-way radio-controlled data exchange).The Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is used to lure enemy air defence systems into revealing themselves or attacking aircraft or ISTAR systems that can provide targeting information for stand off weapons. With a range of 500nm, endurance of 45 minutes, operating altitude of 40,000 feet plus, speed of Mach 0.91, modular electronics fit and emissions signature that is designed to mimic allied aircraft it can also be used to simply overwhelm air defences with targets, if they attack MALD they are depleting their finite missile stocks.The data-link is provided by the Multiple Image Data System (MIDS). It aids situational awareness information to the pilot. As a case in point - The french Super Omni Jet Rafale utilises ‘a one-way datalink’ with the missile when it has been fired, not the 2 - way ‘Datalink’. which Typhoon and Gripen E are equipped with – which allows for much more accurate and reliable guidance during very long range engagements whilst the missile is in semi-active mode.Kuwait’s Typhoons will be the first to use the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (ATP), which has recently been upgraded to include two-color laser spot tracking, short-wave infrared, and advanced non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) modes.New-customer Typhoons Will Be the Most Advanced Yet***********************************************************************************In 2011, the RAF deployed 10 x Typhoon aircraft to its base in Italy for operations in Libya, and achieved 4,500 flying hours without an engine change. The aircraft operated in its air-to-air role and for the first time attacked ground targets using laser-guided Paveway bombs. “The sensors on the aircraft are so good it’s a question of how we use that information and how we get it to other fast jets and ground allies. It is about ensuring the right information is in the right place at the right time.” — Air Cdre Linc Taylor, Royal Air Force.A U.K. Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon used a brimstone missile to destroy a boat used by Islamic State in Syria, the RAF said Friday, 2019 February 22 release, marking the first time the aircraft has deployed the weapon system. Brimstone is an air-launched ground-attack missile developed by MBDA for the RAF, specifically to target enemy armor. The Brimstone launcher carries three missiles in a single weapon station. Its equipped with enhanced autopilot, the Dual Mode SAL / millimetric wave (mmW) seeker, and the insensitive munition-compliant rocket motor and warhead.For Air to Ground missions you have the ability to simply look outside at where a target is then cue the weapon system to look there with the Litening Designator Pod. Due to this capability it means that after identifying a target, you can drop a Paveway IV, 500-lb precision weapon on it in seconds.**************************************************************************************WEAPONSMauser Cannon 27 mmIt has 13 hardpoints which allows for up to 3 fuel drop tanks and 10 missiles/laser guided bombs or 13 missiles/laser guided bombsLong Range 6 x BVR Matra- Meteor AMRAAMClose range SRAAM is 2 x AIM-132 ASRAAM.A range of air-to-ground weapons can be carried, including the new Storm Shadow CASOM, Brimstone anti-armour weapon, and the future Precision Guided Bomb (PGB).Manufacturers ban Euro Fighhter in exports for carrying nuclear weapons. RAF standoff weapon is the Matra-BAe Storm Shadow cruise missile.SCALP - STORM SHADOW Air-Launched, Long RANGE , Stand-Off Deep Attack MissileThe Storm Shadow missile is designed to penetrate deep into hard rock targets. It is equipped with fire-and-forget technology and fully autonomous guidance.The missile has a length of 5.1m, wingspan of 3m, and a body diameter of 0.48m. It weighs 1,300kg and has a range of more than 250km. The Storm Shadow missile is equipped with a Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet propulsion system, which can produce a 5.4kN of thrust.The missile is fitted with a two-stage bomb royal ordnance augmented charge (BROACH) blast/ penetrator warhead.The first stage of the warhead makes the way for the second stage by cutting the surface of the target. The larger second stage (main) of the warhead then penetrates into the target and detonates.The navigation system of the missile includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path and accurate target strike. The missile is fitted with a passive imaging infrared seeker. Once released from the aircraft, the missile follows a pre-programmed path at low level with the help of continuous updates from the onboard navigation system. It employs imaging infrared seeker to compare the actual target area with stored imagery repeatedly until signNowing the target.The Storm Shadow is also in service with the air forces of Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is referred to as Black Shaheen in the UAE Air Force service.The Storm Shadow can be integrated into Tornado GR4, Tornado IDS, Saab Gripen, Mirage 2000, Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and JSF F - 35 aircraft.CROWN JEWEL BVR - M E T E O R MBDA** Meteor : Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique ramjet propulsion system – solid fuel, variable flow, ducted rocket. This ‘ramjet’ motor provides the missile with thrust all the way to target intercept, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception.The Typhoon is a super fighter within visual range , though we must always remember that at WVR , Its not fighting the aircraft but the pilot.*******************************************************************************COSTS AND REVIEW SUMMARYMaintenance cost of Typhoon is on higher side than that of Rafale.Unit Cost in excess of 125 MUS$ per aircraft.Euro Fighter Edges out all competitors such as Rafale in its Maneuverability, Higher THRUST Power , Increased Combat Radius, Excellent IRST , Advanced CM / Decoy system & higher Service Cieling . Yes Quality is Expensive. Its a potent partner for Euroean nations with JSF Lightning II F - 35.Where Typhoon acting as Air Superiority Leader and clearing Air enemy jets ; F - 35 Stealth acting as Battle manager - A Command & Control capable - Data fusion Electronic based - Striker bomber role for taking out SAM , S - 400s , AWACS etc and other remaining flying assets which may have avoided Euro Fighter Jet by flying away…!https://www.eurofighter.com/the-...***********************************************************************************Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.Thanks for reading..
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Why is India not considering Russian Su 30s and instead placed orders for the French Rafale?
We have close to 300 Su 30 MKIs. However they are plagued by maintenance issues . Poor spare availability has further worsened availability of the top line fighter , resulting in only 60% of the fighters beeing available for active duties . This figure is up from 47% when the Rafale deal was announced.While it has been debated that this is due to high peace time operational tempo of the IAF training missions , High ratio of Maintenance hours to Flying hours is an issue with heavy Air-Superiority Fighters , these Dukes of the sky also cost good money in maintenance.IAF wanted lighter Multirole , High endurance and High Availability , Easy to Maintain fighters to replace Mig 27s & 23s . Rafale deal was also meant to bring lot of new technologies and help build LCA MK 2 and AMCA . This is the reason for Rafeal deal.From what we have last heard in the news , Rafale deal will bring in the following technologies & projects to Indian defence agencies as part offset commitments of the current 36 fighter deal :1. Kaveri engine project: Snecma has proposed to invest $1billion to iron out the issues in Kaveri Jet Engine and bring it to production standard in time to be fit on to the LCA MK1A. If this turns true, this alone is worth the whole deal. This will enable India for the first time with a capable Jet Engine with massive applications.2. Thrust Vectoring Nozzles for Missiles : MBDA will work with DRDO to transfer Thrust Vectoring technologies that can be applied to Astra and other missiles to bring them on par with Meteor in terminal phase maneuverability , giving the missiles higher kill probability. A clever application of this will be to apply TVC to Kaveri Jet Engine. However another project with Kilmov of Russia , that is currently underway , will also be able to give TVC capability to Kaveri engine.3. Stealth Coatings and Paints :The final stealth coating of the 36 jets might be done in India and this will be done as part of Make in India component of the deal. Also as part of the deal the special spray paint and coating technology will be transferred. This also has immense potential for application to other projects like LCA , AMCA , SU 30 MKI upgrade , FGFA , AURA etc..4. AESA RADAR :The radar technology on Rafale can easily be adapted to other aircrafts in IAF . As part of the deal the multimode AESA radar technology will be transferred to DRDO for application on UTTAM AESA radar.Conclusion :If these technologies are quickly observed and put to good use then the deal is definitely worth it. 36 Rafale will help build 360 LCA (All versions) if we can effectively leverage this deal.This will cover up for the low number of fighter aircraft that IAF has for joint operations against Pakistan and China.
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