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FAQs
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Are lawyers really needed. Are regular people lazy or stupid that they can't read the text in a law book?
U.S. perspective here.I genuinely believe that most people with enough dedication, willpower, and training can succeed in law school and as lawyers.But reading a legal textbook, let alone understanding what it means, is quite difficult without that training.Let’s start with just a few key concepts that you’d need to know just to understand what’s happening in the courtroom.Case LawThe United States operates on a common law system. That means that one of the sources of law are prior cases, and the system follows the principle of stare decisis, or “like cases should be decided alike.”All right, you say. Let’s go read some cases!Do you know where to find cases? How to find relevant ones to the present case you’re dealing with?Here are a couple of volumes of the Northwest Reporter:That these are out of order in the picture bugs the hell out of me, but I digress.They are about, give or take, a couple of hundred pages each. When they signNow about a thousand volumes, they start over with a new series. The Northwest Reporter is just about to start its third series. It covers the area in yellow:The Pacific Reporter and Atlantic Reporters are well into their third series.Then there are the Federal Reporters, including the U.S. Reporter for the Supreme Court.The cases are reported essentially sequentially when they are published by various Courts of Appeals and state Courts of Last Resort (usually a Supreme Court, but it depends on the state nomenclature.)There are some various indexing systems that might help you out, if you know how to use them, such as the West Key System.Most of these are now electronically stored and searchable through legal databases. If your Google Fu is strong enough and you were willing to head to the state’s law library so as to avoid paying a large fee to access LexisNexis or Westlaw, you could probably manage it with relatively little training.Then you’ll have to tell the judge what case you found.She’ll be expecting a citation.Something like this: 567 U.S. 519, 533 (2012), or 768 N.W.2d 345, 357 (Minn. App. 2003).You know what all that stands for, right?You’ll also have to know how to read those cases, and what parts are relevant. You’ll need to understanding the holding of the case. You’ll need to understand the procedural posture of the case. You’ll need to understand where in the hierarchy of binding or persuasive legal precedent it fits.StatutesStatutes are another source of law. They are publicly available, usually electronically. Finding them and reading them is generally straightforward, right?Let’s just take a nice easy one, okay?Wis. Stat. 241.27, Contracts requiring warning. Every proposed contract for the benefit of any person, firm or corporation furnishing or supplying in any wise whatever, goods, wares or merchandise to hawkers or peddlers and which by its terms upon execution thereof would bind any person to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such hawker or peddler, in lawfully or unlawfully disposing of such goods, wares or merchandise or the proceeds thereof, or which would bind any person to guarantee or answer for any debt or liability incurred by such hawker or peddler in acquiring any title to or interest in the goods, wares or merchandise to be disposed of by such hawker or peddler or in acquiring any title to or interest in any equipment intended to be used in conducting the business of such hawker or peddler, shall have plainly printed upon it, in red ink, in type not smaller than 10 point boldface type, at the time of its execution and directly above the place for the signature of the person who would, by signing such contract, become obligated to so answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker, the following statement: “Warning — this may obligate you to pay money". Every such contract not containing such statement shall be unlawful and in any action brought upon any such contract in any court of this state, such contract shall be construed in accordance with the laws of this state. The provisions of this section, however, shall not apply to any such contract where the same contains a provision expressly limiting the amount of the liability of each person obligated to answer for the debt, default or miscarriage of any such peddler or hawker.You know the fundamental principles of contract law enough to know when a contract is binding and how to make it so, I’m sure.RegulationsAdministrative law is another big area where you’ll need to understand the relevant regulations and how they relate to the statutes with authorize administrative agencies to make them. Since you already understand fundamental principles such as notice and comment periods, the relevant parts of the Administrative Procedures Acts of both the Federal and relevant State governments, I’ll just ride right onto where you can find those: the Federal Register and the Code of Federal Regulations, and their state-level equivalents.You know where to pick those up, right?All right, I’ll help you out. Here’s the Federal Register, the proposed list of new and modified Federal regulations currently open for review by the public: Home - Wednesday, October 10thPeruse at your leisure. Just don’t miss the comment window.Other textsBrowse through the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Or the Federal Rules of Evidence. Or Prosser on Torts, or Corpus Juris Secundum, or the Minnesota Practice Series for that matter. See how much makes sense to you.Now put it into practice.I’ll give you two easy hypotheticals. These are softball questions for your bar exam. I’m even limiting it to a single aspect of the law. (There are seven on the Multistate Bar Exam and more than a dozen on the Multistate Essay Exam. Trust me, I’m going easy on you.)A person is suing you in Federal court under a Federal statute and you want to file something because you hired a contractor for the job that promised to pay you back if you were sued. From the above links and our earlier discussion, do you need to file a permissive or required counterclaim, a motion for joinder, or an indemnification action, under what rule you need to file it, at what point in the procedural timeline you need to do so, and what are the requirements for the motion?You want to sue someone who lives in a different state under a state law claim. What requirements do you need to get into federal court and avoid dismissal for lack of personal jurisdiction, subject matter jurisdiction, or venue?All of these, and more, are required understanding for an attorney.There is a reason I went through three years of graduate school and hold a professional doctorate degree.I will be happy to let you peruse my library of legal textbooks, but without some coursework, the vast likelihood is that you will encounter signNow difficulty, just as I encountered signNow difficulty understanding them when I started law school.It has nothing to do with laziness or intelligence, and everything to do with law being a highly technical and specialized field of professional study. It simply has a great deal of jargon and nuanced, complex concepts that work together.Thanks for the A2A.
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How and when did the system of passports, visas and immigration embassies officially come into existence?
Barbwires on the plainThe elite set up walls worldwide to control the movements of population, they installed these administrative walls roughly between 1914 and 1930, this was asked by the USA which wanted to protect themselves from a too strong immigration of the Russian population which ran away from the new bolchevic regime, and it was implemented by the SDN. A series of intergovernmental meetings on the adoption of the passport is held under the aegis of the temporary committee of the communications and the transit of LEAGUE OF NATIONS, the first conference is held in Paris in 1920 then in Geneva in 1926.Because countries implemanted the passport at different pace, it made a big disorder, Certain countries were early to start the expulsions whereas other countries closed their borders, it resulted in stateless persons without passport, they eventually invented the passport Nansen. Certain titles of residence were granted according to the job of the person it could be green and as it always happen extraordinary things to the Jews, we can consider that their yellow star was a part of their passport permanently visible....It brought a new race of Lord, the employee of Prefecture " the testimonies are many who indicate the necessity for the applicants to frequent dedicatedly the lanes of prefectures, negotiate with the state employees to obtain the progress of their case and the acceleration of the procedures. The face-to-face negotiation, and the unpredictable or unequal dimension that it implies, according to the condition of the applicant, its appearance, its master's degree of french, the good will of the agent, transforms the request of card into a an uncertain and, sometimes, indefinite wait.The elite felt the need to set up the system of passports in 1920 while the world population was "only" 1,750 billions of individuals, no need to wonder why the system is still active today with 7 billions of indiv. and let alone will it be active when in 2030 there will be 9 billions of people to be managed, although it will follow tehnology. This history of passport joins a long trend of identification of the people with a side front office (display, labeling), any more or less visible document allowing the person to become identified, and back office (central files keeping the history of these people). The fast evolution of techniques from the end of the XIXth century to licence in the states to find discriminating characteristics among every individual (it was of access of techniques in the former, the photo, the fingerprint in the ink and some anthropometric indications up to the recent techniques, the magnetic card of access, scan of the iris or the hand, the DNA, the flea RFID, the phone triangulation, followed by bank card, IP internet address, electronic signature, to normalize documents and to interconnect them it which became really effective with the creation and the IT interconnection of files.In France the "foreigner" status exists since 1917. France made an “ ID card of foreigner ", by a decree of April, 1917, it was the first experience in Europe of an identification targeted at every resident foreign on the national ground, it marked a fundamental stage in the history of the immigration control in France.", they also had a "central Service of the Russian refugees".The strong European migration in the United States was an economic migration, most of the migrants, English, the Irish, German, French migrated without will of return to participate in the economic life of their new homeland. The dislocation of the tsarist, Austria-Hungary and Ottoman empire caused a big movement of the order of 4 million people. In Russia there were several waves, a wave "white" (the Russians white with the name of the color of their uniform opposed to red), the civil war then the famines of 1921-22 then the extension of the sovietization. It is estimated that after the end of the 1st war 1,500,000 Russians ran away from the Soviet Russia, 1,500,000 Greeks of the Anatolia and the Turkish provinces, 350,000 Armenians of Asia Minor, 120,000 Bulgarians of Greece, 25,000 Assyrians of Iraq, 115,000 German of Germany and another 8,000 of Saar. Without counting Hungarians who ran away before the red terror and the Hungarians who ran away before the white terror, the Italians who ran away before Mussolini, the Spaniards who ran away before Primo de Rivera and the Spaniards who ran away before the Republic. (The Greeks and the Bulgarians were forced to emigrate as a result of the Balkan Wars, the World war and of the Greco-Turkish War in 1923). This turmoil led the USA to protect themselves from a too strong immigrationIn US the existence of a card of identity was always fought as being the mark of totalitarian regimes in practice they use either birth certificates, or numbers of Social Security, or driving licences. This explains the place that FBI set. Thus FBI made in a more or less covered and discreet way what the French prefectures could make in full light. Thus we see that all these countries, that they are democratic as the US, republican as France, fascist as Germany or dictatorial as Russia, was of agreement on a point to set up a world police system, Hitler and Stalin were more brutal than the French Prefets but the will behind was the same. It begins with "Vos papiers!" and it finishes with Interpol.In Russia the tsarist passport was abolished with the Revolution, but an urban passport was restored by the decree of December 27th, 1932, the campaign of passeportisation was presented as a gigantic operation of check of the identity of every inhabitant. For the only year of 1930, the political police recorded 14 000 demonstrations, riots and peasant uprisings, among which a big part in Ukraine, this obliged the central state to develop a police of maintenance of law and order. The central state had to feed not only its cities but also to export products on the international markets to obtain products of the outside as machine tools or tractors but feeding an army what put a new pressure on the agricultural world. Overcome militarily the "Resistance fighters" (soon considered by the central power as botchers, speculators, enemies of people and middle-class person) launched a passive resistance, by working weakly or shooting down the livestock and emigrating on close China. In front of the "passive resistance" Stalin launched the policy of the Gulag and the policy of passports to access cities though avoiding that populations useless to the industrial project came to try to feed in town.What are Westphalian treaties good at?Westphalia did not solve in itself the conflicts of religion, because the treaty of Nuremberg took place before Westphalia and the abolition of the Edict of Nantes took place later. Westphalia serves as narrative to justify the concept of nation state which would have developed in several stages 1648, 1815 (concert of Europe), 1919 (LEAGUE OF NATIONS) and 1945 (United Nations). This system where the elite can play the game of the international relations while choosing the policy to use inside of her zone, brought a solution to the religious wars only because the minority people could emigrate to join a safe zone. This is what made the Huguenots after the revocation of the edict of Nantes and this helped to not having such another story as a new Saint Barthelemty. This migration of the Huguenots off the Bourbon space towards Protestant countries of the North thus remind the exchanges of population between Turkey and Greece, between Germany and Russia, between Pakistan and India as well as the return of the descendants of the Genoese of Tunisia towards Italy. Thus the westphalien system is indissolubly connected to the possibility of emigrating; but since the institution of passports the immigration is forbidden, the consequence of Westphalia + passport is that the peoples do not have other choices than to accept their bad fate if they are stocked in a war zone.Authors wrote on the appearance of these barbed wires on the plain Bertold Brecht "The State takes care of you. It is not anymore as before. (...) As for passports, if we invented them, it is before any a question of order. In this day and age, the order is something absolutely necessary. Let us suppose that you and me, us have a walk without a giving evidence room whom we are: in the daytime or we would want to deport us, impossible to find us: It would be the anarchy "or this Stefan ZWEIG's beautiful text" nothing maybe makes more sensitive the great backward movement than underwent the world since the World War I that the limitations brought to the freedom of movement of the men and, in a general way, to their rights. Before 1914, the earth had belonged to all the men. Each went where he wanted and remained there as long as he pleased him. There were no permissions, no authorizations, and I always have fun with the surprise of the young people, when I tell to them that before 1914 I travelled in India and in America without possessing of passport, without having it seen even never one. We got on the train, we came down from it without asking for anything, unless we asked you for nothing, we did not have to fill the only one of these thousand formulae and declarations which are required today.”
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What are the main areas that one should learn during CA articleship?
I did my articleship from Khimji Kunverji and Co., one of the top firms in Mumbai; and it was an awesome experience. Let me shed some light on my learnings -Learn to say NO - Random seniors come and give you random work. Learn to say No. Learn to say you are busy. You are not a dustbin.Learn to say YES - You need to have a good rapport with your immediate seniors and your boss. I have filled my boss’s daughter’s BFM admission form because she needed some help. Sometimes, you have to keep your ego aside and look at the larger picture.Whether audit or tax is the one for you - You tend to spend 3 years in articleship, doing either audit or tax. It is good enough time to gauge whether you want to do this for your entire life or not. For me the answer was NO, and I switched to Finance. No point wasting time once you qualify.Domain Knowledge - In your first job interviews after becoming a CA, a lot of stress will be on what you did during these 3 years. You should be upto date with that. Get your basics right.Out time is a myth – As per my firm HR Manual, the official work time was roughly 10-30 to 6–30. Strangely, you used to be penalized for coming late, but no credit for going late. It’s the norm. Get used to it.Make Mistakes - Ask stupid questions. Make mistakes. Experiment. Because you have the license to. You are a fresher. As a CA, people expect more.Do not neglect your Social Life - Its important. Your boss will not come at 12 to your place with a cake in his hand, wishing you a happy birthday.I remember getting into a train during my 1st year articleship. I somehow started chatting with a guy standing near me. He was a CA. I told him I just cleared IPCC and started with articleship. He started laughing and said “Welcome to Hell”.With all the office and study pressure, you might feel life sucks during articleship, but it will be a great experience. You will create memories of a lifetime. Cherish it :)
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What kind of skill set should a CA student develop before starting Articleship?
This hunger for more knowledge is good for a CA Student. It is a very good idea to know what others have learnt and re-assess oneself on the basis of same, so that you become equally competent. This is a good way of improving oneself.Part A - About the core Knowledge:(a) What your firm operates in - you can't do much beyond that.Core Knowledge = Practical Knowledge about areas your firm is operating in.See the firm you have chosen or you got into, basically will provide you with the knowledge of some of the fields in which Chartered Accountants works. You cannot gain knowledge about all fields in which Chartered Accountants work, since the scope is very wide and whether it is a Big Four or a sole proprietor Chartered Accountant, nobody can give you work experience in all fields. So basically these core areas where you get to work - you have to be satisfied with the same. All you can do is - learn from experiences of your friends who are in to different core areas. This is a rigid area, and not much can be done in this.(b) Try to get an assignment in all kinds of activities that your firms do -You can't go out of the box in which your firm operates, but atleast you can learn everything that is in your box. Many articles run away from certain things - saying it is a low category assignment or not so fascinating. It is because they all hear it from their friends about the big industry they worked in and blah blah things. But go and ask those friends, if they know, what is the procedure to obtain a PAN card and a duplicate PAN card? What is the procedure to obtain Shop Act? or atleast if they know what is Shop act?My Insights -In our office they didn't used to allow articles to do that, the administrative people like Bcom people used to do that. But I insisted on the same, to allow me to do them once. The task was easy, but it was something very basic that I learnt. Later when you start your practice or job, these are somethings that give you edge over others. If you become an entrepreneur, you can handle those things yourself. So it is beneficial always.(c) Try to get assignments in all kinds of industries that firm works in -Basically most Chartered Accountants work in some fixed industries since when you do good to one client, similar clients get attracted, so automatically, you will see that most clients are of similar category. As an article you should try to do audit of all kinds of organizations -Based on organization type like Sole proprietor, Private limited companies, Partnership firms, trusts, public limited companies etc.Based on different business forms like Retailers, Wholesalers, Chain stores, Manufacturers, Service providers, Traders, Consultants, Support Services, Maintenance services, Export oriented, etc.Based on different industries like IT, E-commerce, FMCG, Finance, Automobiles, Telecom, etc.Based on Tax benefits or special act companies like religious trusts enjoying benefits u/s 11 or 12, regulated companies like insurance, banking, etc. or may be companies in Special Economic Zones, etc.A Piece of Advice -You won't find all of the above in any one firm. Such firms giving such wide opportunities don't exist. But thing is - you need to explore every corner of your own firm, whatever it is.(d) Try to gain overall knowledge of all types of works -Don't think about specialization in Articleship, it is not that much useful, because if later in life that sector goes down, your career will get a full-stop. As a Chartered Accountant you must first learn all the basics of all types of work, when you become aware about basics, i.e. after articleship, then you should try to develop core competence when you find jobs or do practice.My Insights -If you don't get an assignment of different type - go to your principal and say that "Sir, I want to learn about that kind of work, if next time there is any work related to that xyz client, please give me a chance." I did it in my articleship, and I got those opportunities, Sir was happier indeed, that an article was ready to take up some sort of responsibility. I am pretty sure, 80% of Chartered Accountants would do the same. If you say politely, the teacher inside them will awake, and they will allow you to fly!Part B - Other things that you should learn during articleship - More important than above said things!(a) Office Ethics -You should learn about the office culture, how people dress, talk, meet and greet colleagues, seniors and clients. It is very important to observe how people form groups, how they make their juniors to work and seniors to help/guide. It is very important to notice, how others are keeping good relations with administrative staff i.e. HR, Clerks, etc. - something that is very helpful at times of problems. There are many more things - basically you have to learn how people operate in office and especially how your boss stays in office - since someday you too will be a boss.A Piece of advice -Learn good things only. Although I assume most Chartered Accountants are well cultured and natured, but exceptions may exist. But remember, may be your boss was good or bad, you have to become a good boss in future.At many times you feel that your boss did wrong, and he/she should have allowed you to do xyz thing. Remember such incidents or make a note of it. When you become a boss, you do them correctly. If you are able to do, you are a good boss, else you will realize had a wrong idea about your boss.(b) Printing, Scanning, Documenting, Letter typing, Organizing Office, Using appropriate Stationery -Your reaction - "Oh God! Really?"Consider this situation - you are in a corporate office, a high ranked employee. You tell the clerk to scan a document, but your clerk is new. He is not acquainted with the printer. What would you do, if you yourself don't know how to use a printer or scanner? In early days of your job or in many companies, you don't have clerks who do it for you, you have a printer next to you and you have to do it yourself. In case you don't know these, what a shame! A Chartered Accountant, but does know how to use a printer or how to unpin a staple! God! Dummies on earth.My Insights -One of the expert HR was sharing his experiences with interviewing Chartered Accountant, at a conference that I was listening to. He said, we tried an experiment successfully. We told every candidate entering into the interview room to arrange certain documents and properly organize them into a file. Now on the basis of how file was organized, they discovered candidates who had done dummy articleship or articleship of low grade, because those candidates never knew how to arrange a file, since they never did it in their lifetime.So basically the best thing about a good leader, boss, a senior or an entrepreneur is that he/she knows the work of all persons junior to him/her very well. That's why they can handle them well.So basically learn the following things and many more which I can't list out -How to properly document an Audit file?How to properly keep a permanent client record - both electronic & physicalHow printers, scanners, servers of your office, internet network, LAN systems, routers, biometrics, connections etc. work in your office.How to use correct stationery correctly? Like properly unpinning documents, or may be how to create sets for clients, income tax officers, registrars etc.How to draft covering letters, envelopes, request letters, etc.(c) Drafting Email Communications & Email Ethics -The most important part indeed of articleship. The fact is we never get opportunity to learn this anywhere else. This is a good ground to learn. Initially you can see how your boss writes email, how your senior does it. Then you can innovate it yourself. The thing is in business world, everything today goes on Email. Emails don't have a tone, they don't have smileys (means they are not used). Writing a good email, is an art. It is very important to learn how to write such kinds of emails.Emails asking client to provide information, with accurate requirement list.Polite Emails for making client realize the wrong they have done.Emails providing consultancy services. See email consultancy is a big time opportunity and costless service, in future a good means of earning.Writing intra-office emails.Whom to keep in CC, Never to use BCC, how should be the subject line, how should be the signature etc.When email shouldn't be used & telephonic conversations should be preferred, sending reminders, how to use meeting feature, etc.(d) Oral Communications - F2F or telephonic or over internetThis is again a great area to learn. It very necessary to learn how to interact with clients. The interaction can be face to face, or telephonic or over internet services like skype, etc. It very important to learn to learn how to deal with such situations. A conversation over telephone, has to be polite and discussing documents over telephone is also an art. Similarly communication over Skype is also an interesting thing to learn, one should know how to have business conversations over Skype and how to share documents, discuss & present over it.(e) Formatting documents - Something that stupids call stupidity!I have seen documents and emails from fellow Chartered Accountants, so pathetically formatted, that I sometimes wish to hit them with a stone, maybe their sense would come back then. But basically the idea is Chartered Accountants are professionals, and therefore, a professional behaviour is expected from them. The behaviour is expected highest in the documents and reports. Thus, it is very important to learn:Appropriate font sizes, font stylesHow to add tables in emails, how to structure an email, maximum size of emails, minimum size of emailsWhen to use and when not to use - bold, italics, underlines, shades, coloursHow to structure paragraphs, appropriate line spacingHow to convert documents into different formatsHow much margins to keep, how to make document print readyHow to make document secureHow to make documents self-explanatory by adding commentsHow to use various functions like footnotes, document review, freeze panes, grouping - sub-grouping, page numbers, author details etcCover page for report, report size, number of maximum pages, drafting executive summary, adding disclaimers, etc.Conclusion:The Part A makes you an intelligent Chartered Accountant.The Part B makes you an intelligent Human Being.And let me tell you, Part B is more important, because even if you don't become a CA, an intelligent human being can definitely live a good career!Ignoring the part B is very common amongst CA, and that's why MBAs getting an edge over CAs is also very common.Many people say 'Articleship is nothing but labour work', well it is because you think it that way, and that's why you are doing it that way. If you try, you will realize articleship period is life changing!"You will have hundreds of opportunities to learn the bigger things once you become CA, but not these small things. Once you become CA, people don't expect you to know everything, they understand it is quite impossible, but they definitely do expect that you know these basic things rightly."
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What are your thoughts on Draft National Encryption Policy (INDIA)? Why are the experts worried?
Here are some of the quick facts about National Encryption Policy, presented in a timeline format. This may help you to judge if we should be worried or not.What is the national encryption policy?As stated in the proposed draft, the policy demands all the citizens to store plain-texts of encrypted information for 90 days from the date of implementation.In order to meet the demands of law and concerned department, users should be able to produce the plain-text whenever required.The responsibility of regulating algorithms and key sizes for encryption will rest with Indian government only.Encryption: meaning and historyEncryption refers to modification of the electronic data into a form that can be read by the person who knows translation of codes. Julius Caeser used this technique to shuffle letters, during the Roman Empire.Need for encryption - PurposeAs the policy states, it aims at providing the privacy of information to the citizens and the protection of business related data.Another reason behind this policy is to establish coherence, credibility and stability among various information networks and systems.However, the fact that few other parts of the policy contradict its sole primary purpose, can't be overlooked.Government to soon regulate encryption standards (22nd Sep 2015)Soon after the National Encryption Policy is put into effect, removing whatsapp and google hangout messages will be counted as illegitimate.The online businesses will be asked to keep the confidential information of users, like passwords by saving as plain text.The policy has been framed by a body working under the Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DeitY).Encryption policy: A cause of concern (Drawbacks)The range of services Indian citizens can access gets narrow as they can only use those services, whose vendors have registered in India.Deleting messages from applications like Whatsapp becomes illegal.Storage of all the data is practically not as easy as ABC.One of the major reasons for resentment of this scheme is that it violates the privacy of netizens.Scheme for execution of policy (Regulation)Soon, the formation of an administrative group to monitor the implementation of the policy, will be seen.The agency will specialize in agreement of the service providers and the government to ensure proper registration as well as evaluation of the encrypted products.The policy instructs that export of encrypted products would be carried only after the approval of the designated group.Legal dimension in information technologyIndian law system readily allows such measures to be implemented.Information technology act has been formulated, that paves way for establishment of such policies. For encryption, sec 84A and for decryption, sec 69 have been added.Moreover statements listed in IT act don't restrict themselves to this zone of coding or decoding only. They meticulously define specialised technical-terms like hashing algorithms, digital signatures etc.Draft open to suggestionsThe draft of the policy has been published on the internet in order to seek suggestions and viewpoints of individuals.The email id akrishnan@deity.gov.in is open to receive comments and suggestions by netizens till October 16.Pranesh Prakash calls the scheme as a "bad idea conceived by people who do not understand encryption."Raman Singh, the policy director, Access says this policy corrodes security.Encryption controversy: Social media and whatsapp exempted (22nd Sep 2015)As the draft of the proposed encryption policy was made public, there was a huge outrage among the netizens.The government has immediately clarified that whatsapp and other social media sites, banking services and e-commerce platforms will be exempted.These businesses are however expected to store all communication in encrypted and plain-text form; they are expected to share the security-key with government when asked.Disclaimer: The above information has been extracted from Government to regulate encryption standards.I am one of the founders of NewsBytes (NewsBytes - Daily News Digest! - Android Apps on Google Play) and thought this information could be useful to people here.
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Would Mike Pence be a better US president than Donald Trump? Who would be worse?
Mike Pence is the most far-right pick Donald Trump could have made. The Koch brothers must be very happy with his pick. If you are unfamiliar with the Koch brothers, please read Dark Money by Jane Mayer. Citizen’s United turned this country over to about twenty billionaires. Democracy is dead. The sooner people accept this fact, the sooner we can take it back from them.Mike Pence is one of the Koch brothers’ favorite elected leaders. Support from the Koch brothers and conservative donors are a major component in a presidential run, so having the major money people’s favorite guy at your side if you’re new to politics is certainly helpful for campaign cash. Americans for Prosperity has been holding up Mike Pence’s work in Indiana as a paragon of a good governor. Pence’s former chief of staff now runs the Koch’s political group Freedom Partners. Given the fact that the Koch’s have pledged to spend $1 billion in the 2016 election to support conservative candidates, his ties could be an asset to Trump as he realizes his own financial limitations. Here are 5 disturbing things you should know about Trump’s likely VP pick Mike PenceThis where Mike Pence stands on various issues. Ask yourself if you agree with him. If not, cast your vote for the Supreme Court. Imagine the United States with Mike Pence at the helm if Trump should die.This is a long list. There are a few things on which I agree with him.Mike Pence on AbortionCommit to unalienable right to life, including the unborn.Arguing about abortion is as fruitless as arguing about whether or not God exists. I’m for women having the first right of refusal when it comes to their bodies. You don’t want one, don’t have one. You have no right to make that choice for me.Mike Pence on Budget & EconomyVoted NO on regulating the subprime mortgage industry. I have nothing else to say about his position on the budget except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Civil RightsVoted YES on Constitutionally defining marriage as one-man-one-woman. I have nothing else to say about his position on civil rights except that we disagree.Mike Pence on CorporationsVoted NO on allowing stockholder voting on executive compensation. I have nothing to say about his position regarding corporations. There are, however, a few things in this section on which I agree with him.Mike Pence on CrimeVoted NO on enforcing against anti-gay hate crimes.I have nothing else to say about his position on gay rights except that we disagree.Mike Pence on EducationVoted YES on allowing school prayer during the War on Terror.Constitutionally guarantee parent's right to educate kids.I have nothing else to say about his position on the education except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Energy & OilVoted YES on opening Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling. Voted YES on barring EPA from regulating greenhouse gases.Voted NO on enforcing limits on CO2 global warming pollution. Voted NO on tax credits for renewable electricity, with PAYGO offsets. Voted NO on removing oil & gas exploration subsidies. I’m speechless about his position on Energy & Oil. There’s much more in this section. Read it carefully if you care about the environment.Mike Pence on Environment Strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting.I agree with him.Voted NO on protecting free-roaming horses and burros. I guess horses and burros don’t count.Stop considering manure as pollutant or hazardous.Mike Pence on Families & Children Voted NO on four weeks of paid parental leave for federal employees.We are among a chosen few of countries that doesn’t give paid parental leave to employees. There are only three. The other two countries are Papua New Guinea and Suriname.US Is Still Only Industrialized Nation Without Paid Maternity LeaveI have nothing else to say about his position on the education except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Foreign PolicyCommitment to unbreakable U.S.-Israel bondThis is an odd one. Why are so many right-wing Republicans in a love affair with Israel? Do they love the Jews so much? Do they see Israel as the only stabilizing force in the Middle East? Perhaps. Could it be something else?“Dispensationalists, Christians who believe that the end times are near, are thrilled to see what is going on today in Israel since the plan fits well into their own expectations for the End. Dispensationalists find comfort in knowing that under The Temple Institute's auspices, small groups of Israelis are sewing priestly vestments, manufacturing implements for animal sacrifice, and teaching a new generation of Temple priests what will be expected of them. It seems to matter little that the desire for a new Temple has the potential of precipitating holy war.”On the Road to ArmageddonA signNow number of Christians believe that the end times, as set forth in the bible, are near. In order for all to go as planned, the temple in Jerusalem must be rebuilt. I’d rather have someone in the White House who doesn’t set foreign policy based on biblical prophecy.Mike Pence on Free TradeMike Pence voted yes on every single trade bill. He’s a capitalist who wants to engage in free trade with any country. I’m not sure how this position will work with Donald Trump. He wants Apple to bring all of its manufacturing back to the United States. Will consumers be happy about paying $6000 for an iPhone?Mike Pence on Government Reform Campaign Finance Reform is censorship.Voted YES on requiring photo ID for voting in federal elections.I have nothing to say regarding his position on Government Reform except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Gun Control Rated A by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record.I wonder who pays his bills? Perhaps the Koch brothers and the NRA split them. I apologize for being sarcastic.Mike Pence on Health CareVoted NO on giving mental health full equity with physical health.I have nothing to say regarding his position on Health Care except that we disagree.Mike Pence on Homeland SecurityVoted YES on extending the PATRIOT Act's roving wiretapsVoted YES on continuing intelligence gathering without civil oversight.If you don’t believe that democracy is dead, perhaps we can meet at the graveside of the 14th Amendment.Mike Pence on ImmigrationVoted YES on building a fence along the Mexican border.I have nothing to say regarding his position on immigration except that a fence isn’t the answer. If we build a wall, someone will come along with a higher ladder.Mike Pence on JobsVoted NO on increasing minimum wage to $7.25.Why in the world would we want big corporations to pay their workers a living wage? I’m being sarcastic.Mike Pence on Technology Reject the censorship of the Fairness Doctrine.“The Fairness Doctrine was a policy of the United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC), introduced in 1949, that required the holders of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of public importance and to do so in a manner that was—in the Commission's view—honest, equitable, and balanced.”Fairness DoctrineWe do have a television station that purports to be fair and balanced. It isn’t.I have nothing more to say on any of Mike Pence’s positions. Ask yourself if you support his philosophy. Ask yourself if this is the man you want only a heartbeat away from the presidency.Mike Pence on the IssuesClick here for 21 full quotes on Abortion OR background on Abortion.Commit to unalienable right to life, including the unborn. (Feb 2008)Voted YES on banning federal health coverage that includes abortion. (May 2011)Voted NO on expanding research to more embryonic stem cell lines. (Jan 2007)Voted NO on allowing human embryonic stem cell research. (May 2005)Voted YES on restricting interstate transport of minors to get abortions. (Apr 2005)Voted YES on making it a crime to harm a fetus during another crime. (Feb 2004)Voted YES on banning partial-birth abortion except to save mother’s life. (Oct 2003)Voted YES on forbidding human cloning for reproduction & medical research. (Feb 2003)Voted YES on funding for health providers who don't provide abortion info. (Sep 2002)Voted YES on banning Family Planning funding in US aid abroad. (May 2001)Voted YES on federal crime to harm fetus while committing other crimes. (Apr 2001)Rated 0% by NARAL, indicating a pro-life voting record. (Dec 2003)Rated 100% by the NRLC, indicating a pro-life stance. (Dec 2006)Prohibit transporting minors across state lines for abortion. (Jan 2008)Bar funding for abortion under federal Obamacare plans. (Jul 2010)Ban abortions for sex selection or race selection. (Dec 2011)Prohibit federal funding for abortion. (May 2011)Prohibiting forced abortions by UN Population Fund. (May 2011)Sponsored bill to prohibit fed funding of Planned Parenthood. (Jan 2011)Grant the pre-born equal protection under 14th Amendment. (Jan 2007)Declare preborn as persons under 14th amendment. (Feb 2009)Mike Pence on Budget & Economy Click here for 17 full quotes on Budget & Economy OR background on Budget & Economy.Voted YES on terminating the Home Affordable mortgage Program. (Mar 2011)Voted YES on $192B additional anti-recession stimulus spending. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on modifying bankruptcy rules to avoid mortgage foreclosures. (Mar 2009)Voted NO on additional $825 billion for economic recovery package. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on monitoring TARP funds to ensure more mortgage relief. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on $15B bailout for GM and Chrysler. (Dec 2008)Voted NO on $60B stimulus package for jobs, infrastructure, & energy. (Sep 2008)Voted NO on revitalizing severely distressed public housing. (Jan 2008)Voted NO on regulating the subprime mortgage industry. (Nov 2007)Voted YES on restricting bankruptcy rules. (Jan 2004)Mike Pence on Civil Rights Click here for 13 full quotes on Civil Rights OR background on Civil Rights.Future of conservatism demands traditional marriage. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on prohibiting job discrimination based on sexual orientation. (Nov 2007)Voted YES on Constitutionally defining marriage as one-man-one-woman. (Jul 2006)Voted YES on making the PATRIOT Act permanent. (Dec 2005)Voted YES on Constitutional Amendment banning same-sex marriage. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on protecting the Pledge of Allegiance. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on constitutional amendment prohibiting flag desecration. (Jun 2003)Supports anti-flag desecration amendment. (Mar 2001)Require "Privacy Impact Statement" on new federal rules. (Apr 2002)Rated 7% by the ACLU, indicating an anti-civil rights voting record. (Dec 2002)Rated 0% by the HRC, indicating an anti-gay-rights stance. (Dec 2006)Rated 22% by the NAACP, indicating an anti-affirmative-action stance. (Dec 2006)Amend Constitution to define traditional marriage. (Jun 2008)Mike Pence on Corporations Click here for 8 full quotes on Corporations OR background on Corporations.Voted NO on letting shareholders vote on executive compensation. (Jul 2009)Voted YES on more funding for nanotechnology R&D and commercialization. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on allowing stockholder voting on executive compensation. (Apr 2007)Voted YES on replacing illegal export tax breaks with $140B in new breaks. (Jun 2004)Voted YES on Bankruptcy Overhaul requiring partial debt repayment. (Mar 2001)Rated 96% by the US COC, indicating a pro-business voting record. (Dec 2003)Repeal ObamaCare reporting requirements for small business. (Jan 2011)Rated 14% by UFCW, indicating a pro-management voting record. (May 2012)Mike Pence on Crime Click here for 3 full quotes on Crime OR background on Crime.Voted NO on enforcing against anti-gay hate crimes. (Apr 2009)Voted YES on expanding services for offenders' re-entry into society. (Nov 2007)Reduce recidivism by giving offenders a Second Chance. (Mar 2007)Mike Pence on Drugs Click here for 3 full quotes on Drugs OR background on Drugs.Voted YES on more funding for Mexico to fight drugs. (Jun 2008)Voted YES on military border patrols to battle drugs & terrorism. (Sep 2001)Rated -20 by NORML, indicating a "hard-on-drugs" stance. (Dec 2006)Mike Pence on Education Click here for 10 full quotes on Education OR background on Education.Voted YES on reauthorizing the DC opportunity scholarship program. (Mar 2011)Voted NO on $40B for green public schools. (May 2009)Voted NO on additional $10.2B for federal education & HHS projects. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on allowing Courts to decide on "God" in Pledge of Allegiance. (Jul 2006)Voted NO on $84 million in grants for Black and Hispanic colleges. (Mar 2006)Voted YES on allowing school prayer during the War on Terror. (Nov 2001)Voted NO on requiring states to test students. (May 2001)Let schools display the words "God Bless America". (Oct 2001)Rated 17% by the NEA, indicating anti-public education votes. (Dec 2003)Constitutionally guarantee parent's right to educate kids. (Jan 2011)Mike Pence on Energy & Oil Click here for 22 full quotes on Energy & Oil OR background on Energy & Oil.Voted YES on opening Outer Continental Shelf to oil drilling. (May 2011)Voted YES on barring EPA from regulating greenhouse gases. (Apr 2011)Voted NO on enforcing limits on CO2 global warming pollution. (Jun 2009)Voted NO on tax credits for renewable electricity, with PAYGO offsets. (Sep 2008)Voted NO on tax incentives for energy production and conservation. (May 2008)Voted NO on tax incentives for renewable energy. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on investing in homegrown biofuel. (Aug 2007)Voted NO on criminalizing oil cartels like OPEC. (May 2007)Voted NO on removing oil & gas exploration subsidies. (Jan 2007)Voted NO on keeping moratorium on drilling for oil offshore. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on scheduling permitting for new oil refinieries. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on authorizing construction of new oil refineries. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on passage of the Bush Administration national energy policy. (Jun 2004)Voted YES on implementing Bush-Cheney national energy policy. (Nov 2003)Voted NO on raising CAFE standards; incentives for alternative fuels. (Aug 2001)Voted NO on prohibiting oil drilling & development in ANWR. (Aug 2001)Rated 0% by the CAF, indicating opposition to energy independence. (Dec 2006)Bar greenhouse gases from Clean Air Act rules. (Jan 2009)Signed the No Climate Tax Pledge by AFP. (Nov 2010)No EPA regulation of greenhouse gases. (Jan 2011)Drill the Outer Continental Shelf; & license new nuke plants. (Mar 2011)Set goal of 25% renewable energy by 2025. (Jan 2007)Mike Pence on Environment Click here for 11 full quotes on Environment OR background on Environment.Voted NO on $2 billion more for Cash for Clunkers program. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on protecting free-roaming horses and burros. (Jul 2009)Voted NO on $9.7B for Amtrak improvements and operation thru 2013. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on increasing AMTRAK funding by adding $214M to $900M. (Jun 2006)Voted NO on barring website promoting Yucca Mountain nuclear waste dump. (May 2006)Voted YES on deauthorizing "critical habitat" for endangered species. (Sep 2005)Voted YES on speeding up approval of forest thinning projects. (Nov 2003)Rated 10% by the LCV, indicating anti-environment votes. (Dec 2003)Stop considering manure as pollutant or hazardous. (Sep 2011)Rated 0% by HSLF, indicating an anti-animal welfare voting record. (Jan 2012)Strengthen prohibitions against animal fighting. (Jan 2007)Mike Pence on Families & Children Click here for 4 full quotes on Families & Children OR background on Families & Children.Voted NO on four weeks of paid parental leave for federal employees. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on establishing nationwide AMBER alert system for missing kids. (Apr 2003)Voted YES on reducing Marriage Tax by $399B over 10 years. (Mar 2001)Rated 100% by the Christian Coalition: a pro-Family-Value voting record. (Dec 2003)Mike Pence on Foreign Policy Click here for 14 full quotes on Foreign Policy OR background on Foreign Policy.Voted NO on supporting democratic institutions in Pakistan. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on cooperating with India as a nuclear power. (Sep 2008)Voted YES on deterring foreign arms transfers to China. (Jul 2005)Voted YES on reforming the UN by restricting US funding. (Jun 2005)Voted NO on keeping Cuba travel ban until political prisoners released. (Jul 2001)Voted YES on withholding $244M in UN Back Payments until US seat restored. (May 2001)Member of the Congressional Human Rights Caucus. (Jan 2001)Keep sanctions against Syria until WMDs are dismantled. (May 2007)Member of the Silk Road Congressional Caucus. (Nov 2007)Member of House Foreign Affairs Committee. (Mar 2011)Withhold UN funding until voluntary and program-specific. (Aug 2011)Rated -6 by AAI, indicating a anti-Arab anti-Palestine voting record. (May 2012)Sponsored bill supporting demonstrations against Iran. (Jun 2009)Commitment to unbreakable U.S.-Israel bond. (Mar 2010)Mike Pence on Free Trade Click here for 8 full quotes on Free Trade OR background on Free Trade.Voted YES on promoting free trade with Peru. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on assisting workers who lose jobs due to globalization. (Oct 2007)Voted YES on implementing CAFTA, Central America Free Trade. (Jul 2005)Voted YES on implementing US-Australia Free Trade Agreement. (Jul 2004)Voted YES on implementing US-Singapore free trade agreement. (Jul 2003)Voted YES on implementing free trade agreement with Chile. (Jul 2003)Rated 61% by CATO, indicating a mixed record on trade issues. (Dec 2002)Extend trade restrictions on Burma to promote democracy. (Jun 2007)Mike Pence on Government Reform Click here for 15 full quotes on Government Reform OR background on Government Reform.Campaign Finance Reform is censorship. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on Senate pay raise. (Jun 2009)Voted YES on requiring lobbyist disclosure of bundled donations. (May 2007)Voted YES on granting Washington DC an Electoral vote & vote in Congress. (Apr 2007)Voted NO on protecting whistleblowers from employer recrimination. (Mar 2007)Voted YES on requiring photo ID for voting in federal elections. (Sep 2006)Voted NO on restricting independent grassroots political committees. (Apr 2006)Voted YES on prohibiting lawsuits about obesity against food providers. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on limiting attorney's fees in class action lawsuits. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on restricting frivolous lawsuits. (Sep 2004)Voted NO on campaign finance reform banning soft-money contributions. (Feb 2002)Voted YES on banning soft money donations to national political parties. (Jul 2001)Prohibit non-legislated earmarks. (Jul 2005)Sunset Act: review every federal agency every 12 years. (Jan 2009)Member of House Judiciary Committee. (Mar 2011)Mike Pence on Gun Control Click here for 7 full quotes on Gun Control OR background on Gun Control.Voted YES on prohibiting product misuse lawsuits on gun manufacturers. (Oct 2005)Voted YES on prohibiting suing gunmakers & sellers for gun misuse. (Apr 2003)Rated A by the NRA, indicating a pro-gun rights voting record. (Dec 2003)National cross-state standard for concealed carry. (Jan 2009)Teach kids Eddie Eagle GunSafe's lifesaving message. (May 2010)Loosen restrictions on interstate gun purchases. (Oct 2011)Ban gun registration & trigger lock law in Washington DC. (Mar 2007)Mike Pence on Health Care Click here for 20 full quotes on Health Care OR background on Health Care.Voted YES on the Ryan Budget: Medicare choice, tax & spending cuts. (Apr 2011)Voted YES on repealing the "Prevention and Public Health" slush fund. (Apr 2011)Voted NO on regulating tobacco as a drug. (Apr 2009)Voted NO on expanding the Children's Health Insurance Program. (Jan 2009)Voted NO on overriding veto on expansion of Medicare. (Jul 2008)Voted NO on giving mental health full equity with physical health. (Mar 2008)Voted NO on Veto override: Extend SCHIP to cover 6M more kids. (Jan 2008)Voted NO on adding 2 to 4 million children to SCHIP eligibility. (Oct 2007)Voted NO on requiring negotiated Rx prices for Medicare part D. (Jan 2007)Voted YES on denying non-emergency treatment for lack of Medicare co-pay. (Feb 2006)Voted YES on limiting medical malpractice lawsuits to $250,000 damages. (May 2004)Voted NO on limited prescription drug benefit for Medicare recipients. (Nov 2003)Voted NO on allowing reimportation of prescription drugs. (Jul 2003)Voted YES on small business associations for buying health insurance. (Jun 2003)Voted YES on capping damages & setting time limits in medical lawsuits. (Mar 2003)Voted YES on allowing suing HMOs, but under federal rules & limited award. (Aug 2001)Rated 11% by APHA, indicating a anti-public health voting record. (Dec 2003)Repeal any federal health care takeover. (Jul 2010)Deauthorize funding for Obamacare. (Jul 2010)Repeal the Job-Killing Health Care Law. (Jan 2011)Mike Pence on Homeland Security Click here for 15 full quotes on Homeland Security OR background on Homeland Security.Voted YES on extending the PATRIOT Act's roving wiretaps. (Feb 2011)Voted NO on requiring FISA warrants for wiretaps in US, but not abroad. (Mar 2008)Voted NO on Veto override: Congressional oversight of CIA interrogations. (Mar 2008)Voted YES on removing need for FISA warrant for wiretapping abroad. (Aug 2007)Voted NO on restricting no-bid defense contracts. (Mar 2007)Voted YES on allowing electronic surveillance without a warrant. (Sep 2006)Voted YES on continuing intelligence gathering without civil oversight. (Apr 2006)Voted YES on federalizing rules for driver licenses to hinder terrorists. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on continuing military recruitment on college campuses. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on supporting new position of Director of National Intelligence. (Dec 2004)Voted YES on adopting the recommendations of the 9/11 Commission. (Oct 2004)Voted YES on emergency $78B for war in Iraq & Afghanistan. (Apr 2003)Voted YES on permitting commercial airline pilots to carry guns. (Jul 2002)Rated 0% by SANE, indicating a pro-military voting record. (Dec 2003)Extend reserve retirement pay parity back to 9/11. (Dec 2007)Mike Pence on Immigration Click here for 7 full quotes on Immigration OR background on Immigration.Voted YES on building a fence along the Mexican border. (Sep 2006)Voted YES on reporting illegal aliens who receive hospital treatment. (May 2004)Voted YES on extending Immigrant Residency rules. (May 2001)Rated 100% by FAIR, indicating a voting record restricting immigration. (Dec 2003)Rated 92% by USBC, indicating a sealed-border stance. (Dec 2006)End Birthright Citizenship; no more anchor babies. (Apr 2009)Declare English as the official language of the US. (Feb 2007)Mike Pence on Jobs Click here for 10 full quotes on Jobs OR background on Jobs.$700B stimulus did not deliver promised employment. (Jan 2010)Voted YES on extending unemployment benefits from 39 weeks to 59 weeks. (Oct 2008)Voted NO on overriding presidential veto of Farm Bill. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on restricting employer interference in union organizing. (Mar 2007)Voted NO on increasing minimum wage to $7.25. (Jan 2007)Voted YES on end offshore tax havens and promote small business. (Oct 2004)Voted YES on $167B over 10 years for farm price supports. (Oct 2001)Voted YES on zero-funding OSHA's Ergonomics Rules instead of $4.5B. (Mar 2001)Rated 7% by the AFL-CIO, indicating an anti-union voting record. (Dec 2003)Rated 100% by CEI, indicating a pro-workplace choice voting record. (May 2012)Mike Pence on Principles & Values Click here for 5 full quotes on Principles & Values OR background on Principles & Values.Rated C by the Club for Growth, pro-growth but not targeted. (Sep 2004)Rated 0% by the AU, indicating opposition to church-state separation. (Dec 2006)Member of the House Republican Young Guns. (Sep 2010)Member of the Tea Party movement. (Aug 2010)Designate first weekend in May as Ten Commandments Weekend. (Apr 2011)Mike Pence on Social Security Click here for 2 full quotes on Social Security OR background on Social Security.Voted YES on raising 401(k) limits & making pension plans more portable. (May 2001)Rated 22% by the ARA, indicating an anti-senior voting record. (Dec 2003)Mike Pence on Tax Reform Click here for 20 full quotes on Tax Reform OR background on Tax Reform.Across-the-board tax relief better than stimulus bill. (Jan 2010)Voted NO on extending AMT exemptions to avoid hitting middle-income. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on paying for AMT relief by closing offshore business loopholes. (Dec 2007)Voted YES on retaining reduced taxes on capital gains & dividends. (Dec 2005)Voted YES on providing tax relief and simplification. (Sep 2004)Voted YES on making permanent an increase in the child tax credit. (May 2004)Voted YES on permanently eliminating the marriage penalty. (Apr 2004)Voted YES on making the Bush tax cuts permanent. (Apr 2002)Voted YES on $99 B economic stimulus: capital gains & income tax cuts. (Oct 2001)Voted YES on Tax cut package of $958 B over 10 years. (May 2001)Voted YES on eliminating the Estate Tax ("death tax"). (Apr 2001)Reduce the capital gains tax . (Jan 2001)Phaseout the death tax. (Mar 2001)Rated 76% by NTU, indicating a "Taxpayer's Friend" on tax votes. (Dec 2003)Rated 0% by the CTJ, indicating opposition to progressive taxation. (Dec 2006)Replace income tax & employment tax with FairTax. (Jan 2009)Taxpayer Protection Pledge: no new taxes. (Aug 2010)No European-style VAT (value-added tax). (May 2010)Replace income tax & estate tax with 23% sales tax. (Jan 2011)Supports the Taxpayer Protection Pledge. (Jan 2012)Mike Pence on Technology Click here for 15 full quotes on Technology OR background on Technology.Reject the censorship of the Fairness Doctrine. (Feb 2008)Voted NO on delaying digital TV conversion by four months. (Mar 2009)Voted YES on retroactive immunity for telecoms' warrantless surveillance. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on $23B instead of $4.9B for waterway infrastructure. (Nov 2007)Voted NO on establishing "network neutrality" (non-tiered Internet). (Jun 2006)Voted YES on increasing fines for indecent broadcasting. (Feb 2005)Voted YES on promoting commercial human space flight industry. (Nov 2004)Voted YES on banning Internet gambling by credit card. (Jun 2003)Voted YES on allowing telephone monopolies to offer Internet access. (Feb 2002)Promote internet via Congressional Internet Caucus. (Jan 2001)Permanent ban on state & local taxation of Internet access. (Oct 2007)Popularize Electronic Signatures with ESIGN Day. (Jun 2010)End net neutrality; allow tiered Internet service. (Jan 2011)Sponsored bill prohibiting return of the Fairness Doctrine. (Jan 2009)No performance royalties for radio music. (Mar 2009)Mike Pence on War & Peace Click here for 11 full quotes on War & Peace OR background on War & Peace.Voted YES on banning armed forces in Libya without Congressional approval. (Jun 2011)Voted NO on investigating Bush impeachment for lying about Iraq. (Jun 2008)Voted NO on redeploying US troops out of Iraq starting in 90 days. (May 2007)Voted YES on declaring Iraq part of War on Terror with no exit date. (Jun 2006)Voted YES on approving removal of Saddam & valiant service of US troops. (Mar 2004)Voted YES on authorizing military force in Iraq. (Oct 2002)Solidarity with Israel in its fight against terrorism. (Apr 2002)Strengthen sanctions on Syria & assist democratic transition. (Apr 2008)No contact & enforce sanctions on Iran until threat is gone. (May 2011)Support the completion of the US mission in Iraq. (Feb 2007)Sanctions on Iran to end nuclear program. (Apr 2009)
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How do you build stamina for working long hours?
Before I answer this question, I want to start by pointing one thing out…You’re not supposed to work long hours!According to all of the best research, after 35 hours of work, your weekly productivity will begin to declineThis means that if you were working at a level 8–10 for the first 35 hours of the week, you’ll be working at a level 5 or below for hours 35+.While there are many people like Gary Vaynerchuk who seem to be able to bend reality to their will and work insane hours for extended periods of time, the simple fact of the matter is this:You only have so much mental energy to expend in a week.You cannot be operating at 100% for 60, 70, or 80 hours a week. It’s just not possible.And if you try… Then you are going to wear yourself out and lower the quality of the other hours that you work.It’s far better to work 35 or fewer hours per week where you are hyper focused and productive than it is to work 60 where you are burnt out and frustrated.But I digress…If you’re anything like I was 2–3 years ago, you’re going to read this and completely ignore it, and that’s fine. Most people have to experience things firsthand before they will really believe them.So with that disclaimer out of the way, here are a few tips and tricks for increasing your energy, focus, and productivity so that you can work long hours effectively.(Note: Some of this content is pulled from my Ultimate Guide to Limitless Productivity where I share the most scientifically validated ways to increase your productivity and get more done in less time)1. Sleep at Least 7.5 Hours Each NightIf you want to have the stamina to work long hours, then you need to make sure that your body and mind are fully rested and equipped to handle an arduous work load.According to Medical Daily, 40.6 million Americans, more than 30% of the workforce, are chronically sleep deprived.Now, at first glance, you might think, “C’mon Andrew, who gives a crap? You can sleep when you’re dead, these people just need to work more!”But when you consider that sleep deprivation has been linked to:DepressionDeliriumHallucinationsImpaired Cognition and an Increased Risk of Preventable AccidentsNot to mention, an increased risk of infections, cancer, and overall mortality.You begin to realize that sleep deprivation is a big deal.Like a really big deal.I know that most young people love the #hustle mentality and believe that there is something noble or productive in sleep deprivation.But nothing could be further from the truth.Unless you have the rare genetic mutation, DEC2, (present in less than 5% of the population) sleeping less than 6 hours a night is literally killing you.And the worst part?You aren’t even aware that it’s happening.Now, let’s consider the positive effects that studies have shown to be present when an individual gets sufficient sleep.Improved memoryLower systemic inflammationImproved immune functionElevated moodLearning and problem-solving abilities improvedI don’t know about you, but I personally believe that having a better memory, experiencing less illness, feeling happier, learning faster, and solving problems more rapidly all strongly correlate to being more productive.This isn’t just my opinion either. In fact, some of the world’s top performers report sleeping more than 8.5 hours a night.Podcast Guest, Neil Patel sleeps 9.25 hours a night while running three multi-million dollar businesses.Arianna Huffington, Co-founder of the Huffington Post and multimillionaire claims that sleeping 8 hours a night was partially responsible for her success.James Altucher, multi-millionaire investor, and hedge fund manager includes “Sleeping 8 Hours” as one of the keys to his financial successAt this point, it should be clear that getting more sleep is, indeed, one of the quickest ways to boost your productivity.But the question still remains, “How much sleep do I need, and how can I get better quality sleep?”According to the National Sleep Foundation, adults need 7-9 hours in order to prevent the effects of sleep deprivation from affecting your life and productivity. (slightly more if you’re an avid athlete)As for increasing the quality of your sleep, it’s actually pretty simple.Go to bed before 11 p.m.Wake up at the same time each daySleep in a completely dark and cold room (research shows that 65-67 F is ideal for sleep)Exercise dailyTurn off all electronics 60 minutes before bed.I know that this particular section was a little bit long-winded, but this point is so important that I couldn’t simply breeze through it.If you want to be more productive, you need to sleep. Period.Until you are getting 7.5-9 hours of sleep on a consistent basis, the other tactics included in this guide will simply fan the flames of burnout until, eventually, you collapse in a stressed out, sleep deprived panic attack.Take it from me (and thousands of scholarly studies), quit trying to join the sleepless elite and get your 7 hours. M’kay?2. Sweat for At Least 20 Minutes a DayStudy after study after study has illustrated the tremendous importance of daily exercise.From:Decreased depressionElevated mood, reduced stress, and less anxietyImproved blood flow to the brainThe production of new brain cellsImproves memoryImproved discipline, impulse control, and decision makingIn fact, there are SO many benefits to exercise, that the Harvard Business Review has stated that regular exercise should be a mandatory part of any job description.Luckily, studies have shown that you don’t have to exercise for hours every day to reap these benefits.In fact, just 150 minutes of weekly exercise (that’s 30 minutes every weekday) is more than sufficient to improve your productivity, mood, and general well being.If you are exercising exclusively for increased productivity, studies have shown that 2-3 moderately intense sessions of aerobic exercise each week will have the most dramatic impact on your ability to focus and concentrate.However, this does not mean that you should exclusively train your aerobic capacity.Further research has indicated that combining regular aerobic conditioning with an intelligent weightlifting regimen (I recommend this one) and regular yoga will have the greatest impact on your ability to be more productive and stay focused throughout the day.3. Eat Clean Burning Foods and Reduce Your Carb Load Early in the DayMost people underestimate the effect that your diet has on cognitive performance and general productivity.Think about it this way…Your brain is the center of all productivity.Although that tiny little supercomputer takes up only 2-3% of the total mass of your body, it burns more than 20% of the calories that you consume!In and of itself, this should clearly illustrate the link between food and productivity.Studies from the Harvard Business Review have shown an inextricable link between the calories that you consume and the ability for your brain to focus and achieve long-lasting concentration.I won’t bore you with all of the science, but I will suffice it to say that what you eat matters… A lot.If you want to be as productive as possible, you will want to clean up your diet.Here are a few guidelines to get you started.Eliminate as many processed foods as possibleConsume slow burning foods such as raw vegetables and fibrous carbohydrates throughout the day to properly regulate glucose levels in the brainConsume your biggest and highest carb meal after your workout or at dinnerSkip breakfast and opt for coconut oil coffee or eat a very protein and fat rich breakfast (no carbs!)Although you can dive much much deeper into the world of productivity and focus through dieting, simply eliminating processed foods, increasing the number of vegetables you eat, and waiting until later in the day to consume carbs will dramatically improve your productivity almost overnight.If you are interested in learning more about how your dietary choices and productivity are related, check out this awesome infographic from Hubspot.4. Bring the JoyAlthough it might seem like common sense, happy and excited people are more productive.How much more productive?Well, according to a study compiled by Professor Andrew Oswald, Dr. Eugenio Proto and Dr. Daniel Sgroi from the Department of Economics at the University of Warwick, happy employees are 12% more productive than their unhappy peers!I don’t have time to dive into all of the amazing research that has been compiled in recent years that details what determines human happiness, (you should check out the Happiness Advantage by Shawn Achor if you’re interested in this), I want to share a quick tactic I picked up from Brendon Burchard.The tactic, called “Bring the Joy” is simple enough, but the results you will experience are profound.All I want you to do is to set 3 alarm on your phone titled Bring the Joy.Set them to go off at different times throughout the day and, when you see the notification pop up on your screen, I want you to ask yourself three questions.What level of joy and presence am I bringing to this present moment?What am I grateful for today?How can I bring more joy and excitement into my current interactions and activities?Like I said, simple right?I challenge you to try this tactic for the next 30 days and genuinely pause and become aware of your state every time your alarm goes off.You will be amazed at how much more productive and joyful your life will become.5. Meditate for at Least 10 Minutes a DayAlthough the scientific community needs to further evaluated the direct link between meditation and productivity, several studies like this one, conducted at a Fortune 100 company, show a very clear link between a regular meditation practice and increased productivity at work.The reason for this is simple.Meditation is proven to help: (source)Lower blood pressureAlleviate symptoms of insomniaReduce depression and anxietyReduce painReduce symptoms of IBSAid in smoking cessationOh, did I mention that it has also been shown to rebuild grey matter?As I’ve already discussed, happiness and productivity are inextricably linked and it should be pretty clear that any practice which decreases depression, anxiety, and sleeplessness will, by default, improve your productive output.I challenge you to take up a meditation practice for the next 30 days and record how you feel.Arnold Schwarzenegger, the infamous bodybuilder, real estate tycoon, and “Governator” of California stated that his one year of intense TM (Transcendental Meditation) practice has created results that6. Take Strategic Breaks Throughout the Day to Maintain Your Energy and EnthusiasmOne of the most surprising ways to increase your energy and boost productivity is actually to work less and take breaks more frequently.Study after study has shown that the human brain cannot focus (effectively) for more than 90 minutes.Eventually, your brain needs a break from any given task to consolidate and process information, renew our focus, and ensure that our tasks are ultimately congruent with our goals.Later in this article, I’ll discuss the Pomodoro method which helps cement these findings into your daily workflow.But for now, I simply want to encourage you to start taking a 45-60 minute break in the middle of every workday.During these breaks, I recommend that you:Practice meditationWalk outsideEat a light snackDo some calisthenicsReadTalk with friendsTest out different methods of recharging yourself and renewing your focus throughout the day and it will pay dividends in the long run.7. Eliminate Email as Much as PossibleNothing will drain your focus and stamina more than wasting nearly 30% of your work week responding to emails!In the United States alone, the average employee spends more than 28% of their time or 13 hours a week responding to emails.That’s more than 650 hours a year wasted on largely unproductive, reactive, and unnecessary correspondence!Over the average employee’s lifespan (45 working years) that equates to more than 29250 hours wasted on email.For those of you who are quick with a calculator, this means that the average employee will spend 3 years of their life responding to and clearing out emails!That’s a jaw-dropping amount of time to spend on such an insignNow and largely unimportant task as email.So what in the hell are we going to do about it?Although entire books have been written on the topic of reducing email overload and reclaiming your inbox (and your life) I will keep things simple.I recommend that you:Check email only twice a day (I do it at 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.)“Touch it once”. Either respond to, archive or delete an email. Never leave it in your inboxStop using email folders and simply search for emails when you need themKeep your emails to 5 sentences or less and inform people of this policy in your signature (shoutout to Chris Bailey for this one)Go on an email vacation and let co-workers know you won’t be responding to email until you are done with your biggest project (they will survive I promise)If you do nothing other than implementing these five tips your productivity will skyrocket.Imagine if you could reduce the amount of time you spend on email to only one hour a week.How much more could you accomplish with 12 extra hours in your work week?How much income could you create? How many promotions could you secure?The more you think about it, the more you will realize that email is the scourge of productivity and, although it is a necessary evil, it is an evil nonetheless.8. Embrace the Power of “No”The most powerful word in the entire English language is composed of only two letters.“No”The word “No” has started wars, ended wars, overthrown oppressive governments, and, as it pertains to our conversation, revolutionized personal productivity and fulfillment for people all over the world.Just think about it for a moment.How much pain, discomfort, and genuine wasted time have you experienced in your life because you said “Yes” when you should have said “No”?How many times have you spent an afternoon with people that you didn’t like, in a setting that made you uncomfortable, for a purpose you couldn’t ascertain simply because you didn’t have the courage to say “No”?If you are anything like me, the answer is probably “A lot”.I know from first-hand experience that implementing the power of “No” into your life can be very challenging.For years, I was a chronic people pleaser.I would go to parties I didn’t want to attend, stay late at work, go on dates with people I didn’t care for, and generally lived my life for the approval of others instead of my own personal satisfaction.Until one day, I had enough.I was burnt out, stressed out, wallowing in unfinished projects, unmet personal expectations, and general angst about my existence.So I decided to say “No” more often.I said no:When family members wanted to hang out during my workdaysWhen audience members asked to take me to lunch (I love you guys but I literally cannot meet with 30,000+ men 1-on-1)When friends wanted to go out and I didn’tWhen people made unfair requests of me and my timeWhen people asked for unwarranted favors because they were “My friend”I said “No” to the bad and even the good so that I could say “Yes” to the great.And if you want to be as productive as possible and create a truly prolific life, then you must learn to do the same.9. Use the Pomodoro TechniqueRemember how we talked about the importance of taking breaks way back in Path #1 (yeah, I know this is a long ass article)?Well, it turns out that taking breaks every 50-90 minutes can be just as effective at increasing your productivity and focus throughout the day as the 45-minute renewal exercise we already discussed.The reason for this lies in something called the Ultradian Rhythm.Effectively our brain waves are cyclical and go through peaks and troughs roughly every 90 minutes.In the same way that your brain cycles through different wavelengths during a 90-minute sleep cycle, so too does your brain cycle through wavelengths in a “basic rest-activity cycle”.If you are interested in learning more about the science, you can check out this article from Tony Schwartz.Knowing that cognitive output is cyclical, meaning that you physically cannot sustain high levels of concentration without intermittent periods of rest, changes the entire approach to productivity and focus.This is where the Pomodoro technique comes in handy.Instead of fighting against your Ultradian Rhythm, the Pomodoro technique works with it.Here’s what you do.Instead of simply sitting down at your desk to work, you are going to pick one of your most important tasks of the day (which I will talk about in the next point) and focus on it for a definite length of time between 25 and 90 minutes.Then, you are going to set a timer, eliminate all distractions, and get to work on that project with single-focus until the timer goes off.When the timer buzzes, you are going to take a break anywhere from 5-22 minutes (depending on the length of your work session) before sitting back down to begin the process all over again.All you need to complete the Pomodoro Technique is:A physical or online timerSomething to work onYour brainIt really is that simple.I’ve tested this tactic out for myself and have noticed that I am consistently more productive, more efficient, and more happy with my output when I use the Pomodoro technique on a regular basis.10. Create Locational Anchors to Build Productive StatesAn underground tactic that I’ve found to be immensely effective in recent months is the use of locational anchors.This concept was first introduced to me when I listened to an excellent podcast with Jairek Robbins.Jairek discussed the concept of locational anchors by explaining that the brain works through the power of association and that, the more associations we can build for a specific task, the easier it will be to accomplish it.This is why doctors tell you to only use your bed for sleep and sex.You want to make sure that when it’s time to unwind or *ahem* perform, that your body and brain associate your bed with those activities.This is also why it’s so much easier to have an awesome workout at your local gym than it is with an Iron Gym in your living room.However, Jairek took things a step further and recommended that you actually develop locational anchors for ALL major tasks that you must complete throughout the day.For example:Check email at the kitchen tableTake conference calls at your local cafeWrite at your desk while looking out the windowDesign sales funnels at your desk with your back to the windowComplete all administrative work at a specific nook in your houseThe list goes on and on.Unfortunately, I couldn’t find any direct research to back up this particular hack, however, after experiencing its effectiveness first hand, I couldn’t leave it off this list.Give it a go for 90 days and I promise you will get more done than you ever believed possible.Final Thoughts: Take it Easy on Yourself!Before I leave you to take on the big bad world of getting sh*t done and becoming a productivity machine, I wanted to leave you with one final tip.Take it easy on yourself.The most unproductive thing you can do is to berate and belittle yourself because you haven’t been as successful or productive as you want.Yes, it’s important that you are honest with yourself and your clients and don’t sugarcoat the reality of your current capacity.However, you must remember that you were never taught this in school. You weren’t born with the knowledge of how to be massively productive.You’ve simply been operating on whatever systems you picked up from the people around you and, hopefully, you now have better systems to test and implement.Productivity and focus are both acquired skillsets.You aren’t born productive and it’s not something that is determined by your genetics. It’s a matter of principles and systems, testing, failing, and figuring out what works for you.So take it easy on yourself as you strive to get more done.The journey will take time, but it will be worth it.Good luck!Closeout this article and go get some shit done!
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How do i add an electronic signature to a word document?
When a client enters information (such as a password) into the online form on , the information is encrypted so the client cannot see it. An authorized representative for the client, called a "Doe Representative," must enter the information into the "Signature" field to complete the signature.
How to use electronic signature paint?
Here is how to use electronic signature paint:
1. Get started in this tutorial, and follow all steps.
2. Take your digital signature and print it on a piece of paper, paper that is not too thick. You can use a regular paper for that. We recommend paper with the same color as your skin, as it will ensure that your signature will be easy to see. If your signature does not fit on your paper, it will be very difficult to see on it.
3. Get a paint marker. You would be surprised how much this costs, and for good reasons. We've found cheap paint markers at local craft shops. If you can't make these yourself, then get a good brand like Tacky or Wet N' Wild. You can buy these at local craft stores, or you can buy them online. We buy ours at , where it costs just $ for a ounce bottle.
4. After you've purchased and used a paint marker, take that paint marker to a surface that is not too slick for ink to adhere to, and lightly paint your digital signature onto it. This will not be too messy, and it is a good idea to paint lightly, since the thicker the paint, the more ink that will be needed.
5. Place your signature on the paper that you want your digital signature on, such as a piece of newspaper.
6. Using the tip of the paint marker, apply very light pressure to the paper with a very light stroke. The lighter your stroke, the harder it will be to see. You want it to be very lightly brushed, without the brush leaving any ink on the paper.
7. Remove the paper from the paper hol...
How to sign and fax a pdf from computer?
I can't do that, but you can if you do it yourself with a program like Acrobat or Adobe Reader. The program you used has the ability to save it into a pdf. It also has the ability to open it in photoshop.
How do you use a computer and a printer?
First of all, you need to be able to print. You probably do not have an ink jet printer. It's also not really that easy for the average person, to get an ink jet printer, especially if they already have their printer. There are a few good places to get them:
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