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[Music] [Music] I'm interested in socially assistive robots robots that help people through social rather than physical interaction and we'll talk a little bit about what that means later on in the talk I also play around a little bit with unmanned aerial vehicles so flying robots which is really cool I don't have any here because they're basically flying knives and indoors flying knives is not so fun I mean it's fun but then you got to run artificial intelligence and then computer or robot ethics so how we should be using robots thinking about what it's appropriate to be using robots here at the University I teach a class called CS 135 intro to programming so that's the first class you would take if you came to UNR and wanted a major in computer science and Mercedes who's in the back there took that for me so that was fun I also teach a class called robotics for humanity which is all about how robots can help people and different types of research into how robots help people and a class that I'm teaching right now called robot manipulators yeah we'll see if the slides are gonna show up or not it's gonna be fun robot manipulators which is all about how arms can move all right so how do I get here and and why am I here why am i doing what I'm doing and how do I get interested in this so it started off about your age a little younger but about that age I decided I wanted to use science to help people all right and here's how I got inspired that way so let's just ask a little trivia question see if you know although if you read the slides ahead of time you're here to know the answer but do you know who's probably saved the most lives in the world all right it's a man named Norman Borlaug and he did a really weird thing he created a hybrid called dwarf we okay nothing to do with robots nothing to do with computers he mixed a couple of different kinds of we together bred them together like you might have learned in biology class about how genetics works he bred for certain traits and created a wheat that was lighter and more resilient and therefore had higher yields and the consequence of this was that over a billion lives have been saved in India Mexico Pakistan places where food doesn't grow easily and he's made it so that food can grow and people can eat and like likewise almost a bit at least a billion lives have been saved in things like this using using food like this my other inspiration in science is a woman named Jane Goodall how many people have heard of Jane Goodall a lot of people excellent all right so Jane Goodall did some very significant work with champions chimpanzees and gorillas and observing them in their natural habitat she found that they have societies and social interactions very similar to human societies and what was great greatest about this work was that she just did it like she just thought it was cool and studied things and figured out something new she and just by watching and what really inspires me about Jane Goodall it's the power of observation and the idea that you might find humanity someplace where you might not think it lives or what we think of as humanity those social interactions and you might find those in a place that they don't exist and you know so I was into science and engineering I really loved the fact that we've landed people on the moon that's just cool I mean really cool right there's a moon really far away and we put people on it that's pretty neat how many people have seen the movie Apollo 13 okay that movie has one of my favorite scenes in all of movies in it and it's why I got into engineering it's a bunch of people around a table and the astronauts are in trouble up in space and and they need help from the people on the ground and they dumped onto this table in the ground station they dumped onto the table everything that they have in the space capsule and they say we have to make this fit into the hole for this using nothing but that and they figure out how to build a filter and teach the astronauts how to build a filter to save their lives and there's time pressure and there's people in jeopardy and there's a question of can you get these people home but what I really love is just the idea of such a simple problem they had to put a square peg in a round hole and they figured it out and they did it in a really cool way so sure there are important people these are the Apollo 11 astronauts all right and they're great people I mean they did a really dangerous thing a really scary thing they sat on the top of a rocket they wrote it really far away when it wasn't obvious they were gonna come back they landed on the moon they took off from the moon which is something nobody ever talks about but like we launched a rocket from the moon and got it back to earth which is also pretty damn cool but what I love about NASA and space exploration is it's not just the three guys that are in the capsule it's the people on the ground there's a flight director there are a hundred people at least at any given time that keep the spaceship alive all right and these people are not the jocks of this world they're the Nerds they're the people that love science and they're the people that save lives they're the people that help this happen and without these people nobody's getting to the moon nobody's getting out in space people are barely getting off the ground and one thing that I really liked about all this is that this is one of the first times that a computer was used in a really substantial way you can't just get to the moon by pointing a rocket at it and launching it right you know you don't you can't just do that you have to actually steer it and it's very complex the math is really big because the earth is moving and the moon is moving and they're not just moving and neat little circles and there's all kinds of cool stuff there's a lot of math that goes into it and they use a computer to do this I thought okay computers are really cool and by the way there's a movie that just came out about this but there's this whole hidden history about the people mostly women that actually wrote those trajectories that did the math that did the work that got people out in space got people into orbit and got people around the moon I was just seeing it it it's a fantastic movie so ok computers are important that's why we landed people on the moon which is really cool so what's what's going on here how how how our computers important when computers have helped save the world or at least Western civilization so one of the founders of computer science in generals a man named Alan Turing he was a British mathematician and he figured out we had this problem in World War two ok the Nazis were using these messages called enigma and they were sending coded messages back and forth we couldn't figure out what they were doing we could see the messages just fine but we didn't know what was going on and people were trying to break these codes all over the place and Alan Turing had a team that he had assembled and he figured out that maybe that you could brute force the math you could you could really just if you tried every combination it would work but the problem is they changed the code every couple hours so you have to do it really fast and so he built this computer well actually bought a computer they were making it in Poland he bought it and then he trained it to do what he needed it to do and they decoded these these messages they were able to start decoding these messages and it's that information that intelligence that knowledge that he acquired that made the European campaign of World War two and years before it had to and might have actually tipped the balance in the Allies favor okay so computers may have helped save Western civilization one of the people that that was a pioneer in this is a woman named Rear Admiral Grace Hopper and this was another weird thing about computers in the beginning the building of the computers the wiring how you fitted all together that was thought of as bands were the programming was an offshoot of math and was women's work and I don't know why it got divided up that way but I was the army in the 40s and whatever but this woman Grace Hopper was a pioneer in the field how many of you has cell phones or TVs or anything like that yeah you have heard of thank indirectly without her code computer code like what you're going to be doing doesn't get compiled she made the first compiler she also found the first bug do you want to see the first bug you'll be able to understand it there's the first bug the first bug is actually a bug back in the day computers were actually vacuum tubes and a moth had flown into one and shorted it out and that's why he was acting up as you said oh that's a bug and their bugs they that's that's what it is it's actually just a bug flew into the works okay so where do you find commuters you find them everywhere okay if you have a car that was made after 1978 in 1979 you probably have at least one computer in your car if you've got something like a Prius or a Lexus or something that's kind of a newer car something that has a lot going on under the hood it might have as many as 30 computers in there figuring out what to do and the notion that you actually drive the car is a little bit of a fantastic one you tell the car which you want to do and the car actually decides for you if it should do it at this point so if you hit the brakes very suddenly a car now will actually sense whether the wheels are slipping something called anti-lock brakes technology's been around for a while but the traction control now has gotten really good where the car is actually able to give you some intelligence about whether it should go how many people like video games all right so video games is one of the places where computers actually kind of hit the mainstream this is the people using the Wii and and all that and I liked that as well and then robots in space you know we we haven't been to Mars except we have been to Mars we know what's going on there because we've sent scientists it's just there in the form of rope right now so we sent these robots this is Sojourner in 1997 this is Spirit and Opportunity 2004 these guys were controlled from the ground so we send a command up to these Rovers and the Rovers do it okay and that's pretty cool although there's a couple of there's like a minute five-minute delay I forget from here to Mars for signals to go go back and forth so you're not just sitting there with a remote control making it all work you're sending it a command and it's doing a couple of things and then telling you how it all went and then you get a picture back or not whatever so these robots are kind of dumb and that they they wait for a command and all that this is the Curiosity in 2012 it's about the size of an SUV so it's pretty big it's got a science lab on the inside so it can take samples and analyze them because well we sent a move a rocket from the moon back to earth but we haven't done that from Mars yet so that'll be cool when you can but we can't yet so this thing has a science lab on it and it's huge it's an SUV you can't just drop it down on Mars anybody know how it got there yeah well there's a parachute that's how we got these guys down so there's a parachute and then what else is there yeah we had a robot with a jetpack that we landed on Mars so here's here's here's that hello I'm Hank green and welcome to this special edition of scishow news eight months ago the final stage of the mars science laboratories launch vehicle pushed the craft to 13,000 miles per hour ready for its journey to Mars the Mars Science Laboratory or Curiosity rover is a massive interplanetary payload the largest ever delivered to the surface of a planet and five times larger than any previous Rover the logistics of getting it not just to the surface of Mars but to a very particular spot on the surface of Mars boggle my mind the calm of the first eight and a half months of this journey will end as the spacecraft enters the Martian atmosphere still traveling at around 13,000 miles per hour at that moment the craft will lose contact with us seven minutes later it will be going zero miles per hour either sitting peacefully on the surface of the planet ready to begin its mission or scattered across the landscape with no sign as to what went wrong NASA scientists and engineers call this the seven minutes of Terror as the craft enters the upper atmosphere and jets align it to the perfect entry vector the friction of the atmosphere heats the heat shield up to 1600 degrees Celsius while slowing the craft down to a much more manageable 1,000 miles per hour still though faster than the speed of sound but while the Martian atmosphere is certainly thick enough to burn up an improperly shielded spacecraft it is not thick enough to slow it down to subsonic speeds so that job is done by a parachute the largest supersonic parachute ever designed in fact weighing only 100 pounds and yet capable of withstanding 6,500 pounds of force but now I have for you some more scary news because the Martian atmosphere is so thin the parachute isn't enough to achieve a safe landing speed so you guessed it a third stage is necessary the powered descent the parachute detaches and the falling craft is caught by retro rockets which slow it further jetting it away from the parachute so it doesn't get tangled up and eliminated not just vertical but horizontal speed the craft now uses radar and cameras not just to see how high it is but to spot its landing area so that it can hit the surface in a previously defined area that isn't just safe it's also scientifically fascinating at the base of a six kilometer high mountain however there remains one final problem if it lowered itself all the way to the surface on rockets the amount of dust kicked up in that process could permanently damage many of the instruments so instead the lander is lowered down on a 21-foot tether a system engineers call the sky crane maneuver after the wheels hit the ground the rocket portion detaches accelerates up and then crashes at a safe distance at this point and only if all of those things go perfectly the craft will send out a signal letting us know that it is safely on the planet's surface and we can all let out a huge sigh of relief oh I don't want to give away the ending except they made it so Paul's cool what's really interesting about this is again there's a Mars is about five light minutes away from Earth so there's no human being that can control that it would be it's way too much of a time lag imagine if you were driving a car except every time you hit the gas pedal or turn the wheel it took five minutes for that action to happen how well do you think you could you know get get somewhere probably not too easily right now add Rockets and that's the problem they have so there's not a person that's actually flying this thing there's a computer and so this is this thing doesn't happen without computers and by the way this is all just one big robot or like five big robots that are that are landing on Mars so I thought that was pretty cool apparently I got to go over here to make it go alright so the other way that computers have probably touched your life a little bit is animation so this is the character creation from brave if you'll notice that hair is really hard to do each individual strand of hair is animated and so as they build the character they're not just building how the body moves but how the hair moves which is a completely different problem and so there was a hair team for this movie just to make the hair look right which is pretty cool it's even more disturbing it's even more difficult to make hank from finding dory they were they like went out of their minds in that movie but what's going on here is really interesting because it's not just making a character that looks realistic it's making facial expressions that mirror what we're doing but not exactly these are characters that are created and animated to create an emotional response but they don't look perfectly human this is not something that you could confuse for a person and so they that that notion of how a character is created is very interesting and we're going to talk about that a li
tle bit later on too so one thing I want to talk about right off the bat is if you think that computer science is something that's only for that person who got a computer from birth and has been sitting and hacking at it since the beginning of time it's not 75% of people taking intro to CS are taking it's their first experience with computer programming okay so if you're interested in computing at the college level it's something that you can do and it's not assumed that you have to be you know sitting in the dark huddled by yourself and figuring out our computer works and if you haven't taken a computer apart five times you're not going to be able to do it that's not the way it works in fact by far most people are seeing this stuff for the first time alright so before I move on to the rest of the team here I just want to ask if there any questions and what I've talked about so far and then we're going to get into robots and stuff all right cool so next up is Mercedes I took cs1 35 like everybody who is a CS major will and one of the projects was a robotics project and Dave was like so if you get a 100% come talk to me about joining the robotics lab and I got a 100% and I've always thought robots were cool and so I sat in the quad and cried for an hour I was like I need to ask him if I can join but he's probably joking he wasn't joking I went and talked to him he's like yeah are you busy in 45 minutes we're having our first meeting here's the key to the door and just like that I joined the robotics lab I built all the robots in front of you as well as the magnets I helped design the lesson we're about to go through and it's fulfilling and a lot of fun all right so Blanca thank you for saying hi guys I've been at this university for 10 years now I started out in mechanical engineering and I did that for a couple of years but I was simultaneously working and the school load with the workload became a little bit of well mning so I went into something that fit with some of the credits that I had but still was also something that really excited me but was really different which was teaching math so I got a degree a bachelor's degree to teach math I went into teaching for a little while and while I was doing that I decided that I would get a masters in education and then recently that this isn't confusing enough yet I decided that you know getting a minor in mechanical engineering it's like I didn't get to finish the thing that I wanted to do but mechanical wasn't really where I wanted to be anymore for some reason the last couple of years I've been curious about computer science so I switched and now I'm doing a master's in computer science but I've still got that education lens in the sense that I'm still really interested in understanding how we can bring computer science into K through 12 education so that kids like you guys if you're interested in computer science you don't have to wait until you get to the university to figure out that you like it or not so I'm still what's what's exciting to me about doing all of this and joining Dave's lab is I still get to use both of the things that I really care about and long term more really long term because I still have to get a PhD is I'll be able to teach computer science at a university level so it in some sense although it was it felt really awful at the time do we need these weird changes it's actually turned out to be something that's really worked out for me and really worked into the different ways and the different interests that I have I feel like I've I've learned a lot along the way and now although I'm a graduate student and my technical skills are not where they should be for graduate student because I haven't had as many computer science courses as other graduate students I'm still able to make a meaningful contribution as far as research goes because I I have those skills from have Benna master students in education all right so I should also add that I had been programming in high school I've been programming a little bit before that I'd actually been teaching programming when I got to college I took a computer science course and I've been teaching it longer than the professor had which was fun it was weird but I was trying I didn't want to be a computer science major and I I had decided I wanted to be a biomedical engineer because that's the way I could help people and I got to college I got to the biomedical engineering classes and the first class he has to take his chemistry and I thought I was going to be really into chemistry this is the first class in my biomedical engineering career and I spent all the time I should have been doing my chemistry homework helping other people with their computer science homework and I realized at the end of the day that if that's where your desire is that's where you should be going if that's what you're motivated to do that's what you should be doing so what do I do I spend some time making robots do cool things okay we've got flying robots yeah we can fly we've got robots that can pick things up and move things around a table we got robots that could for example help you out around the house I mean very slowly but it could help you around out around the house we got robots that could give you a tour of a building or something start making robots do things okay there's a robots playing poker I like that we also try to ask questions about what a robots capabilities are we try to look inside not just technically but if a robot was dressed up as a doctor and gave you a medical diagnosis or told you to do some kind of physical therapy would you actually believe that robot would you actually listen to it similarly if you have an agent in your phone let's say series started giving you medical advice would you listen or would you just blow it off what would make you listen to a robot or not what makes you listen to technology or not and then the other thing is just really the the focus for us is not actually on building robots we don't build things so much if you want motors that can do cool stuff or sensors that can sense the world electrical engineers will build that for you if you want to if you want an arm to pick something up a mechanical engineer will build that for you and that's great but at the end of the day you're left with the thing that doesn't move until a computer tells it to move that's my job I I make the computer I make the robot actually think and that's fun for me all right so a little bit of history and then we'll move on robot was first used in a play in the 20s this was actually a play and just in case you're wondering the plot of this play the first time a robot ever appears in entertainment the plot of the play is that the robots are taking over the world so just you know if you think terminator is the place where that originated now it's 20 s the first time robot has ever mentioned they're trying to take over the world and it's a it was a idea of how what the value of work is and and what's it what does it mean if a robot is helping you out if you want to look in a literature for some information about robotics I recommend looking up iRobot the book get the one with this cover not the one with Will Smith the Will Smith movie by the way is not the book it's a it's a okay movie they actually came when I was a student at USC they actually came to our lab to record robot sounds that are in the movie which was kind of neat but yeah the book not the movie yeah so the the you're the laws a robot may not injure a human being or through inaction allow a human being to come to harm a robot must obey the orders given to it by human beings unless it conflicts with the first law so you can't order a robot to hit someone else that's that would be wrong a robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the first or second law so these are the three laws of robots the trouble with these laws is that this is like a philosophical exercise and also by the way if you read the book the book is all about how these laws are a little messy and don't really work out all that well and some interesting things that can happen but they're not laws like the laws of physics or laws laws of physics or laws you can draw them out as equations on a piece of paper and and the math works but this isn't math this is just a philosophy so even the idea of these three basic laws of robotics is really hard to do and and the other thing I want to do when I'm here is I want to kind of calibrate what what you might think of when you think of a robot so because of the movies and because of TV when you think of a robot you might be thinking of this guy might be thinking of this guy depending on how old young you are these are the same as these you might be thinking of this guy you might be thinking of johnny-five that's great might be thinking of wall-e or you might be thinking of this guy by the way so when I moved to LA for grad school it was 2003 that's what arm sports underground elected so it's just like I'm starting a PhD in robotics and a robot just became governor it's just weird it was very surreal and then we met him once it was even more surreal so that's how the movies want you to think about robots but try thinking about this so try thinking about autonomous cars that's a robot that's something that's trying to move somewhere without hitting things it's making decisions on its own that's a robot and by the way all the roboticists who are graduating now we're getting jobs at car companies because they're really showing out you might think of robots playing soccer here's something robots doing surgery and the way that robots probably interact with your life more than anything else is that they handle a lot of the manufacturing handle a lot of assembly line manufacturing though so there are different types of robots so we've got this guy in our lab there's some other cool ones and that's one form of a robot but they oftentimes look something like this or like this or like this and so there's a very interesting thing about these robots and these robots have been around since the 70s okay industrial robots been around for a long time and what's interesting if you look at this picture closely you'll see these fences okay and these fences are there to keep people out okay and the reason why is that if a person were to go in there the robots wouldn't care these robots don't know when people are there they would just keep moving and if you happen to be in the way that's really too bad for you because the robot arms are really strong so these fences already keep people out these are robots that are not designed to cooperate with people and by the way this is not an uprising about to happen because these robots are not moving they have no legs or wheels or anything so don't worry about that so we want to make robots that can work next to people so here's an example of that this is a new robot called spot jr. or spot miny and it's really cool it can move around the house pretty nicely it can help you out it can clean up dishes it can it can do stuff and this is all by the way this is all completely autonomous the robot is deciding everything that it's doing right now and it's really doing it well it's slow but this is actually for a robot this is really fast this is the other thing I'm not showing you that out of cruelty I'm showing you for two reasons one to make a point and two also this robot gets back up again for most robot Isis if a robot falls down like that it's game over game over for the guy who drove it or the guy who wrote the code that made it fall over like that but that thing got right back up and and any robot assists watching that was like wow this is cool but I want to talk to you about the reaction you all had to that okay the robot fell down and you guys all got really startled and really worried if I knocked a book off a shelf you wouldn't get worried about the book right you wouldn't feel anything about the if you knock that sheet of papers off you wouldn't you might feel bad that you knocked the paper off but you wouldn't feel bad for the paper but you guys felt bad for that robot for a little second there right if I show you people smashing a computer you know feel bad for that computer you're not like oh man think of the children or something like you might feel bad for the bank account fine you might but you don't think that guy swinging the hammer is like a bad guy you might think he's a little weird but he's not a bad guy for smashing the computer right same deal who's seen this movie ok it's good ok so these are not bad guys for breaking the printer and you probably know why the printer is getting broken right ok so this is what I do we have people who mistreat robots to figure out why because let me tell you this guy is a villain on the internet right now this guy's name's hockey stick guy they Boston Dynamics the same company that made the spot mini release this video this is a an example of how robust this robot is that you know you know he can push it back with a hockey stick he can knock the box out of his hand and it's still standing it's ready to come back and pick up the box again but man the wonder that roboticists had for how amazing this robot is and how cool this robot is was instantly overpowered on the internet by the tonnage of people going robot bullying is real and this is how the robot apocalypse starts so I and it's impressive because this robot doesn't feel it doesn't even know that it I mean it knows it got pushed because it doesn't fall down but it doesn't feel it it doesn't feel pain it doesn't feel mad at the guy contrary to what the internet really thinks is going to happen it doesn't feel bad but we think it feels bad and we hate that guy with the hockey stick google hockey stick guy not now but later Google a hockey stick guy I guarantee you there are some dark pages about this man similar the same company again they really like mistreating their robots but you know if you start kicking a robot like this thing isn't getting hurt you know what do you feel like this guy's kicking a dog a little bit probably a little less cuz we're talking dog and you hate that guy a little bit make that hockey stick guys still I think it's just a one guy who just beats up robots all day and and he's pushing it around the icy parking lot for a roboticist that's like wow that robots really adapting well it's not falling over cool but for everyone else for people who don't spend their lives you know on you know I'm taking taking apart and putting back together robots this feels cruel alright so we saw this reaction I had an undergrad in one of my classes he was a junior and he was taking my class and he saw some of the stuff and he was like yeah so let's mistreat some robots and see what happens to people let's see what actually happens so you guys felt some sympathy for these robots so we took a robot okay this now it's about this tall it's a humanoid robot it looks kind of cute okay and we had it we had people play a game with either the robot or the computer acting exactly the same way as the robot okay it would say the same things it would do the same things and they would they would do this task and a person who was our experiment Confederate and our resident nasty guy and he would say something to the robot the robot would make a mistake he'd get it wrong and then our guy would yell at the robot and then the robot would make another mistake a couple seconds later and the guy would yelled the robot again first things first no one got hurt and our resident nasty guy is actually a very nice guy but what was interesting was afterwards we asked people what actually happened we wanted to see hey what's that guy yelling at the robot mistreating the robot or was the guy yelling at the computer mistreating the computer and our participants accepting or unaccepting this behavior in a social setting I should tell you that not one person saw somebody yelling at a robot and did anything to intervene okay nor would you expect someone to if I started yelling at that robot you probably wouldn't think I'm a bad man you might think I'm a little weird but but you know but you probably wouldn't think I needed to be stoppe
you might think I mean but you wouldn't think I needed to be stopped so that makes sense but we got 80 people in and did this and so what we found wasn't really interesting we asked how sympathetic they were for the robot or computer and then we either had the person yell at the robot or not yell at the robot so there are four conditions here and if you don't yell at the robot or computer people feel not too sympathetic about anything right if you yell at a computer you're like yeah that computer did something wrong and that guy yelled at it like okay fine and they feel less sympathy for the computer if you yell at a robot you start to feel more sympathy and you feel like the robot has more emotional capability you feel like the robot has feelings after you see it get yelled at that's kind of interesting but we thought okay but this robots kind of small and cute and childlike what happens if you take a big robot so we did this is our robot Baxter it will not start the robot apocalypse if you yell at it again it has wheels but they're not motorized so we can't move unless you move it so don't worry but now it's just cute it wouldn't hurt you so we did the same thing one larger about one small robot and we found that with the large robot you don't feel any sympathy you don't see any mistreatment you don't really feel any emotional capability even if it's yelled at but with the small robot you do so that was interesting for us so that's kind of the type of work we do we actually look at not just how to make robots do cool things but what's it like for a person to work next to a robot so what we learned from this study what we learn from these studies is that if you have a robot and you treat it like people sometimes treat a copy machine where they kick it and yell at it when it doesn't do exact things exactly right that might affect people more than it might affect people the same way that it affects people when they see people yelling at other people when you see someone mistreating someone else you don't just feel bad for the person getting yelled at you feel yourself you empathize with that person a little bit you don't like watching people getting well most people don't like watching people getting people getting bullied and so it might be the case that in a workplace setting you want to treat a robot more like a person we're doing other studies too to examine how to do that we're actually doing team-building exercises between groups of people and robots and see how it affects their their their attitudes towards robots all right so I'm gonna stop here with the tech stuff and we're gonna move on to actually playing with some robots but first I want to give you guys an opportunity to ask any questions you may have robots my job what I do what they do what the path is like how long it takes any of that stuff yeah so as I understood the question let me just make sure I get it right you're asking if the people in the experiment where my students are were other people yeah the students have participated in the experiment we actually just went to the library and was like hey we have cookies do you want to play with a robot and they're like yeah because the alternative is studying so okay so yeah I go to the library on a Friday is a good way to get people but that's where we went got people so it wasn't just computer science people wasn't just robotics people as people ideally from across the university so who works on the robot so it was people from my student my students helped make the code and all the stuff that made the robots go so was it was the students that did it so actually Mercedes is going to be running a study in the next few weeks I just talked to Ray it's gonna be approved tomorrow yeah she's happy she's gonna run a study in the next few weeks and she's gonna be writing the code with a person another person who helped write the first bit of code for that for the study so yeah students from the lab are the people that make the robots do the things that they do some things like this experiment where it's very scripted behavior it's very easy to create the code kind of from scratch the Mercedes is gonna write a program and it'll be somewhat simple in the grand scheme of all things were bought and then I have other students that are doing stuff that involve multiple sensors multiple actuators and those projects probably are going to involve five or six people by the end when it's done and a lot of math and a lot of underlying stuff that interacts with each other to make it all happen and so yeah I've got in my lab there about jeez 10 15 people I don't know 20 there's a lot of people we have a lot of people and yeah they're all working together to do different things there's a lot of stuff going on it's a lot of fun yeah so the question was have robots that I've been working on be are they being used in professional areas and not well so the Baxter robot the tall guy here this robot is actually designed for manufacturing to be working next to people so there are factories you can go where Baxter is doing stuff now it's putting things in boxes sorting things from into one pile or another it's simple stuff but what's really cool is that you know they can if they're understaffed for a day they can just kind of roll out Baxter turn it on and it'll start sorting so they use it sometimes to sort of fill in for somebody gets sick or something so they're not to shut down an entire line but none of the code that we do is directly used right now in in a professional setting generally speaking as researchers we do something to get it to work just barely and then we move on to the next thing we don't take time to make it perfect unless we're going to be using again and again a lot of times what we do is we get something right move on somebody else comes along reads our paper and then does it and makes money off of what we do it's a life let's get you guys playing with some robots and so the point of this exercise today and Mercedes is going to talk about it the point of this exercise is we want you guys to practice making robots do stuff you're actually going to be programming a whiteboard with magnets okay and you're gonna write a program on here and then you're gonna hand this to someone else to see how the pro well the program actually worked okay so Mercedes will start running through that you guys basically learned all this with Dave's but we like to start the conversation with what is a robot like earlier Dave defined robots as beings that interact with the world but for our elementary schools we dumb it down a little it's just a machine that's capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically programs are accomplished with code as dave said and we call this code very basically a sequence so I split up a sequence on the board and I really hope that everyone in this room is from with it who isn't familiar with the sequence to brush your teeth oh it's my favorite I love that no one raises their hand so who can define a sequence for us yes yeah it's a step by step order does have anyone have anything else uh-huh a defined series of actions that happen step by step this was like a really good definition I love it so write it step by step the order of these steps matter however sometimes the steps can be switched a little okay so we'll go a little bit quickly through this but we're gonna act like robots brushing our teeth okay so first we start and then we pick up the brush we bring it to our mouth we brush our top teeth and then we spit and then we brush our bottom teeth that we spit and then we put it all away so it's it's a very simple sequence that you don't really think about as a sequence every single morning but talk about these questions with your neighbor and we'll convene again in a bit okay I feel like that was an adequate amount of time who can answer did we do this step by step yeah we did we started at the top and we ended at the bottom that kind of feels like step by step to me did the order of these steps matter let me see your nose and I'm seeing yeses so who said no oh I know some people said no okay who said yes who wants to explain why the order of the steps mattered you up front because I haven't heard from you yet yeah that would be silly if we grab the brush put it away and then well the rest of that code is still there so we would still bring something to our mouth we'd brush top but there's no brush we put it away and like could we I met I we could spit twice and then grab the brush I guess but for what purpose you know okay now can any of these steps be switched seemed lots of yeses so what steps would you all switch yeah like one morning you wake up and it's like today I'm gonna kick it up a notch I'm gonna brush my bottom teeth then my top teeth could we swap any of these other steps it's arguable that we could swap this bits right they're the same or we could even combine top and bottom just brush them all at the same time like a maniac did I miss any steps would you have written this code differently can I hear from the red girl in the back we didn't brush our tongue yeah I forgot that step yes we didn't put toothpaste on the brush we didn't even clean after we're total slobs yeah and we didn't rinse with water I forgot all these steps but would you agree that we still brushed our teeth yeah so even though my version of this sequence is different than how you would have written the sequence to brush your teeth that doesn't mean it didn't accomplish the goal so keep that in mind when well forever just because you do something a little bit differently than someone else doesn't mean it won't do the same thing or even better so it's hard to read but this says first pants then shoes so like the most basic sequence we do every single morning got to put on my pants and then I put on my shoes and now I can leave so before we move on what other sequences do you guys do in your regular days yes she packs her lunch so what's the what's the sequence of that yeah so uh I like it so obtain pale obtained fruit obtained drink clothes pale good okay so do some ground rules and this will be a good time to move if you're not sitting at a robot there please find yourself at a robot there are only 10 stations so some groups are gonna have to be in groups of three I'm gonna give you like two minutes to do this there's a robot up here with no human friends and it looks like a human oh I was gonna say there was a human without any robot friends but it looks like he has a robot friend this is good awesome really really pleased with this okay so something you've got to know is that during these exercises the robots will always start facing forward this means it's at the ninety degree line so if you look at the mat it kind of looks like a semicircle you should always be facing at the ninety degrees and we're going to try everything with our human arms and then our robot arms so take a moment to put a block on your mat like it is on the start met so the two lines that are actually physically drawn are the two lines displayed here okay who has a prediction only one team has a prediction it's like bumming me out okay okay at least half who still needs a little bit of time to make a prediction okay this is good who thought the block ended here alright let's do this a different way you where did you think the block ended up so here okay who else thought it ended here did anyone think it ended anywhere else that's okay sometimes we all come to the same conclusion but we have really tested to get so now it's the fun part duh okay so if you look down at your robot you'll see a configuration kind of like this you'll see three buttons and a joystick so who here has played a ps4 or actually let's go old-school who's played an NES or used a computer mouse or a keyboard or anything with a cord on it good I'm happy to see it all day every day is what I heard that's awesome game is life okay so you'll notice it in those situations the cord is always coming out the top right not this time this time the cord comes out the bottom you need to hold the remote at least the joystick by the cords or else your joystick is gonna be upside down so just keep that one in mine and here officially are the controls if it didn't jerk and twitch to life raise your hand your robot is broken excellent I'm happy to see that okay quick turn it to the right okay now quick turn off your robot turn back on your robot it should have moved and like re sprung to life facing forward okay who needs a little bit more time to define the height of their blocks awesome go ahead and follow the sequence with your robot arm now and we're gonna see if our prediction holds true give you a few minutes make sure you share the robot arm it's okay if your blocks fall over robots are kind of hard now that we've tested who can confirm or disprove this hypothesis that we came up with that the blocks still end up here so that was good we just followed our first robotic sequence yeah you're gonna clap your hands is awesome okay we're gonna kick it up to another level you're about to write your first robotic sequence bumpa all right I've given you a start map and I've given you an end mat but I didn't give you any sequences so you're gonna use your magnetic blocks on the whiteboard to arrange your own sequence to try to solve these maps so I'm gonna give you 4 minutes to write sequences with your code blocks that will solve these two mats go ahead I'm seeing lots of testing with human arms I love that keep doing it when you feel like you have a solution wave your hand at me so I know you have two more minutes and then we're gonna change gears just a little person on their right you are a programmer and you are going to read the sequence out loud to your friend and they're gonna have to move the blocks as though they were a robot but they can't see right so make sure that it actually works and then if it doesn't maybe move some code around okay who feels like they have a working sequence in front of them now this table at the back everybody look at them this table at the back said that they had a working sequence so give them a round of applause as they come up with that sequence to the board come on it's called code review it's terrifying it'll never get less terrifying and I haven't even done one turn left turn left again put your arm forward open your claw put your wrist down close your claw put your wrist up turn right turn right again put your arm backwards a little bit put your wrist down open your claw put your wrist up and close your clock we're gonna talk about another kind of thing that goes along with programming and it's this debugging word that Dave talked about earlier you know the moss in the computer I spend an absurd amount of time debugging code I do it so much that I dream about it I wake up in the middle of the lot of middle of the night like oh yeah if I just did this thing and then this thing it would do what I want and it's always really great so in order to simulate that experience for you I've given you some stuff I've given you a sequence I've given you an initial map and I've given you an expected map now you'll notice this is not a final map this is an expected map because that code is not gonna give you this you need to determine what the bug is and then rewrite the sequence so it works you okay time is up meaning meaning namely means oh man I wish I had a bell okay so earlier your peers in the middle of the room found the bug first so I'm gonna pick on them all right I'm ringing you the power and I want you to tell us what the bug was and what you did to fix it versus what your peers did to fix it basically what we did was exactly the same as this group did but instead of instead of just putting the claw instead of just opening the claw once it's kind of at the center line we had to move it forward just move the arm forward once and then then you could decide to just either put it down or just let go which is what this group did but we just decided to like put the arm down and then open which doesn't really make a difference but it is just kind of one small thing that we did differently [Music] now I'm really excited because you guys get to experience an activity that I ha
en't done with anyone else yet so while I set up this next presentation I want you to all talk with your peers about what you think it means to loop loops are a situation that happens over and over and over and over and over and over don't you get the idea it happens until we either stop it or something makes it stop now I'm gonna give you just something to think about when we write loops we look for patterns like emptying your dishwasher that's my favorite loop you open it and then while there are dishes you put them away right so the end of this loop is there are no more dishes I've given you a sequence and hey look it kind of looks like it has lips in it it has a repeat is that a loop yes his nose I'm seeing yes this repeating is looping so just the same way we did that first activity followed this sequence with your human arm then your robot arm and make a prediction of where this very light colored blue block is gonna end up all right we have about two minutes so with all the haste remember that your robot arm starts facing forward now when I said it had to be quick I meant it we are at time so let's make some predictions where did the block end up this team in the middle so your friend said it would be right here who agrees who disagrees excellent I want you give I want you all to give each other a round of applause because not only have you completed sequences but you did I loop ah it's the best
