Industry sign banking colorado agreement easy
[Music] well first of all Thank You Bonita I also want to thank dr. McClure for inviting me to talk to them she unfortunately is out of town so I need a chance to sit down and talk with her but I really appreciate the opportunity to come up and hopefully I can teach you guys couple things and for the farmers out there I'll be talking again tomorrow about the cooperative and the cooperative business model and acquiring the seeds and the importance of understanding genetics when acquiring their seeds but for the purposes of today's talk we're not going to talk about cooperative we're going to talk about genetics and I'll try to not talk about too complicated of genetics but it's gonna be a little complicated so as you know genotype phenotype scheme to chemo types the genotype is what your genetics say your phenotype is what you physically see and in the case of cannabis the chemo type is THC percentages CBD percentages or varying percentages but when it comes to cannabis really the major question is what's the difference between industrial and how does it differ from marijuana those are two very very important questions especially when it comes to industrial town well when it comes to the law the law is just arbitrary so there's this arbitrary definition of 0.3% THC if when the plant is tested is under 0.3% THC it can be called industrial Hema if it's above 0.3 percent it is qualified as marijuana and that of course is a due to THC expression so the basic production of camp Kaminoans the secondary metabolites in canvas are TC and CV there are lots of others but the two most important ones are THC and CBD now the most important thing to remember about these guys is their secondary metabolites meaning they're not necessary for the plants immediate existence they're necessary for its secondary existence ie for helping in the next generation so with THC CBD the different terpenes new is their protective for the plant their protective for the developing embryo and the developing a site from UV light from pests from other environmental conditions with the end goal being that a pollen can fertilize it Oh site and embryo can develop you can have a seed and that seed can go on into the next generation and keep the species alive but when it comes to THC and CBD is not just THC and CBD it's actually incredibly complicated pathway and this is just part of the pathways it doesn't really matter with the word state down here but there Delta 90 Delta 8 THC Delta 9 THC cbn and CBD there's actually about 20 steps in this process to get to the end result of THC or sea there's about 20 steps that lead up to that with a precursors that being CVG and in my opinion CDC although that hasn't been determined Gaza again so again going back to THC and CBD they're all expressed in what is called a tri cone so we want to talk about the basic anatomy to try cone you have the bract layer of the leaf that these epidermal and hypodermis cells so the hypodermis cells are in the middle the epidermal cells are along the outside they grow up to a point and they have this basal cell that sits on top that basal cell is sort of a supportive cell for these Stipe cells which support the secretory cells and of course the secretory cells and what those cells do is they create is cuticle around the trichome and release the secondary metabolites into that cuticle so this is where you find the THC CBD and any of the other turkeys and if you look it was kind of an up close picture of trichomes you can see this here so you can see the the purple cells that you see are actually these hyper durable cells and what's really interesting about that is good genetics of how you get purple expressed in cannabis that's kind of beyond the scope of this talk but that is very interesting and you can see the epithelial cells growing up and then the actual cuticle with all that THC molecule so this is a picture of marijuana so this is only TC that you'll find in the cuticles at all things giggles but that's sort of the basic anatomy of trichomes so when you're talking about Canada stuff the most important thing to remember is the fact that you have the CBD and the th seeds and they're all expressed within those trichomes so let's get back to marijuana versus heaven we know that there's this arbitrary definition 0.3% but is there an actual genetic difference can we define industrial hemp versus marijuana at a genetic level in 2006 a Japanese group said absolutely yes what they did was they went ahead and they took some marijuana varieties and they took some hemp varieties and they sequence the THC synthase gene and what they found is in every single industrial hemp variety that they had they had mutated teenage system-based genes so the THC synthase gene is non-functional and in marijuana you have a functional THC synthase gene and it's actually called a cause by were called snips single data type calling North Business and all they are single nucleotide changes within the genetic sequence that can meet to say a stop codon so rather than creating a really long protein you create a really small protein in that protein has no function that's actually the case in industrial hemp furthermore and finally we're starting to get some research done at the United United States level so a paper out of a University of Minnesota and a paper out of Oklahoma State over the last year and a half or so have shown that one there's been the gene duplication events so the original hypothesis in probably the way that occurred on an evolutionary level was Canada started out as one gene with multiple alleles kind of like your [ __ ] blood types so it's one gene but it has a THC synthase version and a semi-decent based version then you had a gene duplication event that occurred so now we have a th season of this gene and a CPG synthase gene this is what actually George Wiedlin discovered last year and for those who have taken genetics what they actually found is that these genes are linked so not only did you have this gene duplication event that occurred but the genes are very very close to one another on a chromosome so you can't easily get them to recombine via meiosis to get rid of one and bring another one in it's actually very complicated to be able to do that but on top of that Robin Islands group at Oklahoma State discovered that not only do you have a CVD synthase gene and a THC synthase gene but you have incredible variability throughout the genome in that there are other THC synthase genes and other CBD synthase genes sticking randomly and silenced throughout the genome so the basic idea of how do we get marijuana versus hemp but we know that marijuana makes th see it doesn't make CVD industrial hemp to make CBD it doesn't make THC the reason why that is is what tore the meat women found was industrial hemp has a functional CVD set base it has a non-functional THC synthase that's how you get CBD and you don't get tac marijuana is the opposite has a functional THC synthase a non-functional see surveys so the original idea where it's just one gene multiple alleles makes the genetics incredibly easy like insanely added on to a gene duplication and now we have all these silenced genes you're looking at the possibility of all sorts of ways that you can induce THC synthase can be turned on in an industrial hemp plant and make marijuana from truly industrial hemp varieties now granted there hasn't been any research showing this as of yet at least published research but I'll show a little bit of preliminary data today do you plication events that occurred over time and increased the overall number of synthase genes so not only do we have two different types but now we have all these other ones sitting throughout the chromosomes throughout the genome on various chromosomes but I'm gonna talk more about that a little bit later so let's just talk about genetics and how it determines a phenotype so genetics say what you have phenotypes or what you see so you can have genetics that mate purple stems or you can have genetics that mate green stems you can have genetics that make really thin leaves or genetics that make thicker fatter bees and they're granted these are all just my industrial hemp varieties I don't have any pictures of marijuana but true like indica marijuana leaves get twice as big as the ones that you see appear like big fat fat you can also get variability in genetics when it comes to seed size these are just four different varieties that I've been growing with that being the most fair of the genetics so they're the smallest seeds with the darkest color so when they fall it's harder for mice and birds I find them versus more domesticated varieties where you have really large seeds that are foldable in the oils and they're light in color so a bird could a bird or mouse could easily pick that up but that's our domesticated version of developing genetics over time um this year I've actually learned about something completely different that throws a whole nother wrench into the yield factor when it comes to industrial hemp and it's this abscission zone so where the wheat where the seed actually connects to the mother plant kind of like an umbilical cord connects the baby to its mother you can see what's called the incision zone right right and it's just this little circle right here right there right there and right there and that's that connection the more surface area so the larger that obsession zone the more surface area the seed will have and the seed will stay in the pot longer so the smaller the abscission zone the easier it is for the seed to fall out which is why I kind you can see the Sparrow variety that abscission zone is rather small and actually I can get you kind of look at them the abscission zones and all of these look to be relatively the same to me this grows like I said if throws a wrench in the in the system because not only do you have to as a farmer understand when you want to harvest like how I'm sure do I want my seeds to be when I harvest but also when are my seeds going to be falling out so I can maybe go tell all of my seeds of 90% mature but I lost 40% of my seeds because they've all fallen out versus I have 40% maturity seeds with 60% immature and I could harvest that and collect those those mature C's so it's going to be an interesting research and development process over the next couple of years how we develop this and a good example is actually rental lentils are the same way the pods will dry open up and seeds will fall out and you have to know when the harvest to maximize your yield before you get all of those seeds falling out so genetics also determines sex you can have two different varieties you have the dices or the mongooses rice so the dioecious varieties are straight male versus female sexes and in this case here's a male these are the male flowers developing early and then you can see when the male flower has opened up here and you can see the little pollen sacs hanging off in a bump of this plant or a little wave of wind will blow this pollen everywhere you can also get the females where you see the little hairs from the females coming up at the at the nodes and what these are those are the ones that catch the pollen and then induce pollination and development of the embryo I talked about you can also have what's called an intersex right so hermaphrodites are individuals that are capable of functional ovo testes so let's use mammals ovo testes so they have functional ovaries and functional testes but at the same time you don't have variability between the hermaphrodite it's like 50% testes 50% o sites in Canada you can have varying degrees of male versus female you can have 10% male flower to 90% female flower or 90% male flower to 10% female flower and in this case this plant is actually about a 50/50 50 percent male flowers 50 percent female flowers we also get mutations that arise in individual plants and this is a mutation that I found that I thought was a very rare mutation and it turned out that's actually not very I found it several times since then but what it is is canvas is a dicot so you have monocot and dicot monocots have one cada leaving that come out dicots have two cotyledons cotyledons that come out in the cotyledons for anyone who doesn't know where the first leaves that come out on you see now what I found was this random mutation in which I call it a trilateral branching in which three cotyledons came out and then three leaves came out at every step beyond that and I really wanted to get into kind of more information about this plan so we know that the mutation occurred in the apical meristem so apical meristem when the when the plant is growing when it comes out of the seed the very growing tip is the shoot apical meristem the very growing tip of the root is the root apical meristem and the apical meristem are the most stem of adult cells so if you want to talk about embryonic stem cells versus adult stem cells the apical meristem are the adult stem cells for the cannabis plant so I wanted to get into this question will will we see this mutation as a Christmas a pecan meristem will it continue to exist in node cells and their somatic descendants so what I did was I went ahead and I I topped this plant as you can see here so we get three leaves that are coming out so I went ahead and top this planet and my question was when I get new branches that come out of each node will those branches have three leaves at each node or just two leaves at each node so I did actually get three branches that came out and interestingly enough the answer was no you don't get free piece you just get two leaves but not in the way of that I would have expected to get to these so when I topped and I have that first branch those first three ranges that came out right here those first three branches the first node that came out from each one of those branches that had two leaves but rather than those leaves being 100 degrees apart from one another like this leaf they were like this leaf with a hundred and twenty degrees at 240 degrees between them so it was like the plantain [ __ ] it was making three leaves but it only made two leaves instead when you go to the second the third note at the top branch now they're at 180 degrees apart from one another but the nodes are actually separated so rather than a nose being right next to each other they're up on the on a branch now when you go down to a lower branch at that first node it actually completely resolved in mutations so that you have two leaves at each node and those leaves are 180 degrees apart from one another I have since my my field that I planted this year I found two plants that had the trilateral branching and by the fourth node they actually resolved themselves so fifth node six node seventh note they no longer had three leaves at each node they only had two means that each node so really what I'm able to kind of conclude from this is something that doesn't happen in the melon genetics in any fashion it's that the plant has the ability to silence mutations or remove problem chromosomes or revert to a wild-type state not generationally as we see like with mammalian genetics but within the individual itself so that individual plant let's say just uh how do we get an extra node well let's toss in an extra chromosome so now we have one extra chromosome and that extra chromosome leads to an extra node the easiest way to revert to a wild-type state is to get rid of that extra chromosome activate something like that may actually be happening now of course I need to do a lot more research and development on that but that's just a hypothesis and so let's get to the most important part about heaven THC concentration and the ability to become marijuana so how can you increase THC concentration you may get hemp to test hot ie how can you make marijuana so if you remember from the Kodomo paper but a Japanese paper we have all sorts of different variations in the allele so we have the functional THC stem phase genes we have non functional THC stem face genes and we have combinations in between so let's use these six alleles as an example so this green one makes a 0.2 percent THC and this is just random just a random hypothesis the orange one mak
s 0.3 the other one makes 0.4 and we have these these marijuana ones we don't really worry about the marijuana marijuana ones in the end but go back to the gene duplication events extra genes that are sitting around in the genome we won't worry about the marijuana only worry about the industrial health so we have these three chromosomes that have these different alleles on them and these alleles equal that THC concentration so of course everybody knows that within the genome they're two chromosomes so it's not just one we have to have two chromosomes so we have this this variety of hemp at 0.8% this variety it has point one eight percent in point one six percent so that's all fine and dandy and we can do some crosses and chances are they're all going to stay below zero point three percent THC let's throw another curveball into the mix from the Robert Allen paper and say we actually do have some other THC synthase genes that are sitting randomly that are functional or are not functional in this case let's just say that these ones are functional so we have these THC concentrations here and for the purposes of let's just make it easy I'm only gonna worry about these bottom two right here so let's start crossing the bottom - let's see if happens now of course the genetics that I'm going to show you I'm going to show you a small portion of them the combinations of chromosomes that we can get are actually there's a lot more than what I'm going to show you what I'm going to show you the ones that are important so let's go to an f1 generation where they cross that and we get 0.25 percent 0.244 percent again enough to generation we get a little bit higher we're at 0.27% 0.26 percent here well you have 3 generation now we made a marijuana plant so this variety right here 0.3% even though nobody could ever possibly get high from that classifies marijuana and you would not be able to grow that in the state of Colorado and on top of that if the CDA were to come to test and the test fit so here 0.3% you are no longer able to even utilize those plants so those plants have to be destroyed the seeds have to be destroyed and whatever the farmer put in has an initial investment he's getting zero dollars out of it in the end which of course is a bad thing but let's do one more cost so we're an f3 generation f3 generation CDA did not test and now we're going to add four generation and we have all of these plants that are pretty much hot 0.32% 0.3% here and 0.29% here what this is really telling us is this hypothesis suggests that we can very easily go from real industrial hemp plants that classify as industrial hemp and through improper breeding techniques induce marijuana to be developed and essentially hurt farmers who are spending all his money to buy all of these seeds and I know this is a fact because most of the people about 50% of the people I've talked to in the Western our testing Kaka this year anywhere between 0.6% to one guy said they tested at 1.5 percent THC and of course in the end they can't utilize any of those products so they just lost all of the money that they haven't had and put in there so hybridization of genetics most certainly can increase THC concentration we have pretty much proven this without doing the actual genetics of it based on how many people with the testing hot over the last two to three years so let's talk about my favorite scientist Barbara McClintock Barbara McClintock is the only woman to hold an unshared Nobel Prize in Physiology or medicine for the discovery of transfers transpositions and transposons she studied maize and what she actually found in maize where there are these genes called trans podraces and what the transpose days known as the gene makes a protein and that protein will go and pick out parts of the genome and jump them to other parts of the genome so you can take a gene that is City and silenced in the genome let's say there's epigenetics that are occurring or it doesn't have the necessary like Kozak consensus sequence or transcription factor elements to induce the gene to be expressed you can jump that gene into another gene and now you have a gene that is being expressed so how does this apply to cannabis I did that experiment unintentionally last year what I'd say there's a here's a field one of my field last year I only had 12 emails growing out at this field last year with three males kind of hard to see but there's one male there there's another male there but if you look kind of close to me in this area you can see a lot of these yellowing means that's from a plan to die very early so these pictures were taken in August by September 1st that plant had completely died she turned really really yellow she was expressing anthocyanins so she turned purple all of the stock turned purple as well and the other plants went until October I think I harvested on September 29th and she died very very early now what everybody has been doing when it comes to developing their industrial hemp varieties is they would go ahead and take all 12 of those plants in the I had my 50,000 seats between those 12 plants and plant all 50,000 seats next year and grow those out next year and then do it again next year me being kind of really OCD about stuff I said no way am I going to do that it has each individual plant first so what I did was I grew out females from each individual plant and I tested them for THC and CBD concentration and what I found was I made everything so if you look at the critical generation this female right here that's her cannabinoid concentration 5.6 percent CBD non detectable levels of THC but the seeds from that plant now only Express 0.3% CBD and 0.7% THC so these are plants that I only flower for four weeks had I flowered those was our full eight week to ten days maturity level they would have been at 3 to 4 percent THC so not only did I make marijuana but I made like a really decent strong knot of marijuana now let's go back to what what what farmers are doing before let's had I taken all of those seeds with 50 thousand seeds and planted them out this year and you got this tested I would have had a little bit of see but the other plants are still only CD no no THC so we would see is probably you know five six percent CBD with like 0.02 percent THC but if I do that that next generation that's gonna go up a little bit more I do that the next generation is gonna go up a little bit more and the reason why that is is go back to the secondary tablets they're necessary for the plants of secondary existence so if this genetic transposition I call it a transposition and I haven't approved that it's a transposition advantage my hypothesis for now if this transposition even resulted in this type of marijuana now it would take three four generations and then all of those seeds would now have a little bit of THC and you know I might have 50 to 100 acres that I now put ten to fifteen to twenty thousand dollars of investment in and then I totally screwed myself over because I wasn't paying a check to I was paying good enough attention to the genetics to begin with so it's kind of this caveat with thanks Robert Allen for showing this but it's a major caveat in really being able to develop true industrial hemp varieties that we can grow on a large scale not only in Colorado but ideally throughout the country so moving forward with this what we really need is what we really really is research and development conveniently enough the state legislature allowed for this back after amendment 64 passed so these two laws within title 35 article 61 which is the the industrial hemp variety it actually set up a grant program through the Department of Agriculture so that the Department of Agriculture can actually administer a grant program to fund research and development at the university level not only is that being developed but up to ten million dollars from the marijuana tax cash fund can be given to that program so there's 10 million dollars that are available for universities whatever ECU Colorado State or ideally out-of-state University to do a little bit of research to really help develop and do some research and development on the genetics so that we can have our own varieties of industrial hemp that we can grow in a large scale that can be certified by the state and will always produce an own riding with under 0.3% THC so I'm up here are three clipboards if you guys are willing and want to please put your name in your signature dr. McClure wrote a letter to Commissioner Brown that I will be delivering at the end of next week with a couple hundred signatures that I have asking the CDA to ask for the money so the CDA will ask for the money because nobody in the state is asking them to ask for the money so the only way that we can do that was to get signatures so I wrote a letter I got Beverly to write the letter and now I have a bunch of signatures and if anyone wants to sign then we have your signatures I'll deliver that then the cia's ask for the money once they ask for the money then the state legislature has to actually appropriate that money and then it can be delivered and we can start doing some funny but in my opinion the most important thing that we need to advance this industry forward is research at a university level we have at universities that instrumentation the equipment the manpower and the knowledge to be able to advance this forward but without funding nobody can do anything we can't get federal funding to do in the industrial hemp research so where are we going to get the money well can mainly enough there's ten million dollars waiting for us to be able to do this and without actually done I was a little bit faster than I had planned but I'd be happy to answer any questions we don't have any proof so it's really my fire up in Delta he said grant the guy totally screwed up the test and now I'm testing that 0.9% THC and I said well you shouldn't have bought those seeds but I told you not to buy those seeds but what happened and what he said was the inspector when the inspector came rather than bagging and drying the plants he stuck them in a refrigerator that he had plugged into the cigarette outlet in his car and so these these samples stayed within his refrigerator for three or four days before they were delivered to the CDA before they were dried by the CDA and before they were tested and he said well you know if you stick him in the freezer or in the refrigerator THC concentration is going to go up I said I believe that but you can test that hypothesis and so what he's doing is taking individual samples drying them the paper bags and doing another one in a refrigerator and then we're eating both tested and see if that's the case that is a really a place where the CDA needs to advance their knowledge so each inspector that I spoken to has a different knowledge on how they're supposed to inspect there is a blanket statement on they're supposed to take six inches from the very top of the plant but it didn't say anything about how you're supposed to dry it or ate restorative the refrigerator we don't know any of that so I actually think there is a possibility that the way that these samples are being handled could in fact lead to an increase in THC production we know that CBD can become THC there's no the only difference between THC and CBD is one double bond and actually let me go back to that picture because that's an easy one to show the only difference is this part right here and that double bond right there so there's an extra one extra carbon and a couple extra hydrogens in THC and just that extra double bond in the CBD that's the only difference between those two so how do we make CBD and can transfer to c d @ c to THC yes absolutely just get rid of that double bond and now you have THC so there's a lot of research that needs to be done with that as well but answer your actual question the CDA uses gas chromatographs for their testing the truly the best way to do it is used is to use an HPLC machine my plants my farmers plants down at Baca County tested at last year 6% CBD non detectable levels of THC this year they tested at 6% CBD art I'm assuming 6% tested it yet but the CDA hasn't met 0.14 percent THC so in one generation they went from zero percent THC to 0.14 percent THC we're going to do that experiment where I didn't test it on HB PLC's to see in fact if the way the CDA is do you know testing methods might be off because that's what a lot of farmers believe actually there's one farmer that told me that it's this big conspiracy with the CDA and the marijuana groups so that you can only buy certified seed which is it's a total crock but there are these beliefs out there that there's this conspiracy to try to screw people over and that's something that we're gonna have to deal with that wasn't really long kind of vague answer did not answer it well enough okay yes sir that is a great question and I wish I had I I will tell you what my proposed answer as my proposed answer is at the full maturity of the flower the way that the rules and regulations are written by the CDA is dependent upon we new set their time to harvest so I didn't mention this at all but let's talk about high CBD hemp so if you remember the Stanley Brothers and Charlotte's Web Joel and Jared Stanley said oh you know what we did was we read up this DVD we read down the THC and that's true but what they really did was they took it an industrial hemp plant that only made CBD and cross it to a marijuana plant and then they started doing back crosses and tried to get rid of that THC synthase gene and I think if you do a back cross a probably twenty generations you can unlink those jeans and get it so that you have a high expressing CVD synthase with non-functional THC synthase but what most people do is they know okay my plant is going this variety is going to be six to eight percent maybe twelve percent CBD at five weeks but 0.2 percent THC so we harvest at five weeks of flower whereas if you go to the full maturity of the flower it will be at three four five percent THC I butted heads and dwyane sitting at the CDA for a yard half about this and we'll see what happens ideally I would like to be full maturity of the flower but now it's only limited and limited to based on when you file your harvest report let's first go Karen okay what I call meristem pillars my actual bugs actually starts to form very strange it flattens out and it gets fuzzy so I call it a very very flower in genetics plans do you have any no when you say like do they know how caterpillars have like like kind of wrinkles do it does it have that or is it one kind of straight stem and so inter no spacing is spacing between the nodes it's variable based on the individual variety and in my opinion variable based on environmental conditions because what the inter note spacing that I'm getting this year versus in a node spaceman about getting last year from the exact same plants are different so actually when you when you file for her seat certification one of the things you have to talk about is internodes spacing but if inter note spacing is variable based on environmental conditions that you're never going to be able to address that properly okay the other thing I looked at those photos that you put your trilateral mm-hmm and the leaflets appeared to have six leaflets rather than an odd number of leaflets at least on the one picture and I wonder if that were actually yeah that one there urge that I miss everyone down there Isaac so I did this okay never mind on that question genetic variability in CVS and face something like that CBD THC synthase complex variability within the yeah it's all fun okay and if you can't find it just let me know yes yes so it's go soon yours so that's another one that we think yes I haven't performed those experiments yet so what you need to be able to do to perform an experiment is take clones of the exact same plant and then put them in exactly different environmental conditions and then test CAC based on those environmental conditions I don't have the means to do that but Veronica carpio and I have talked a lot about that and we both believe the answer to that is yes we just don't have the proof to show that yet so the biggest market
right now is si but at the same time a lot of seeds that people bought this year and they can't even do anything with because those varieties all tested hot so the limiting factor most certainly is viable trustworthy seeds that's where so I would sell anybody seeds because there I have no guarantee whatsoever that if they grow for four generations that are still going to be but what I do do is through the Colorado pep cooperative I give farmers seeds for free and then we together develop the varieties we have the limiting factor most certainly is quality seeds of trustworthy varieties and I you know it will mean the processing plants there's a pure vision written down for Lupton they're ready to go they have started processing stocks and they started making paper recently as well so that is all there and then there's a guy named Matt Matt Brook Holtz who runs a company called I don't know they're kind of processing key processes feeds into hold seeds and penisy oil so they aren't there it's just really what people are looking for so if you pay $45 a pound for seeds and then you can get enough seeds that are under 0.3% are you going to sell those seeds for their true value which is about 90 cents a pound to a processor the answer currently is no nobody was doing that but what Matt is doing is he is processing seeds for people so they can pay him and he'll process the seeds and then give the oil or the whole seeds when they're all said and done but again that ain't perfect examples was moving to Canada Canada started and there was this company came would be the processor for Canada and by year for when there was enough seeds to actually process a large quantity that company no longer had any money so they couldn't buy seeds from all farmers farmers sat on hundreds of thousands of pounds of seeds for that firl I was like two or three years before they were able to start getting the processing plant going again and it really took 12 years before the Canadian industry got to a point where was a functional economy so understanding how they failed early on if we make sure you don't do that in the state of Colorado we could that down we're still looking at six or so years before once we have good quality genetics we're still looking at probably six or so years before we have them highly functional economy no so the same way where you know I lose lions and tigers right there are different species they could potentially cross pollinate and get offspring you won't have that with like alfalfa alfalfa fighter remember is like 32 chromosomes or something like that and cannabis is only 20 chromosomes what really matters is the number of chromosomes when you when you cross so you won't have that problem I can see if maybe there was another 20 chromosome plant out there that maybe you could get that but the real cross pollination problem is with marijuana so anybody that's growing hemp will cross pollinate marijuana that's within a mile to 3 miles potential legally you can grow yeah so you could grow like alfalfa and hemp side by side in Canada we found that when you grow winter wheat after an industrial hemp you get a 10 percent higher yield of the wheat because of the biomass company you're talking and eventually all industrial elissa understand the genetics and me understand so yes that is the potential where I actually think I have huge advantage is because I really understand stuff all you really have to do is understand the genes that you have and ingredient genes out right so if we know we have on our chromosome of a functional CBD synthase and they're non-functional THC synthase but we have three other THC some faces that are possibly functional sitting on other chromosomes then all we have to do with know the sequence do the genotyping for those at in each generation and we can breathe those silenced genes out I don't know the answer to that I would say yes but I don't know yes sir you see the industry to have the voluntary moving for separation especially if there's work done on the common red lines a seat certification program is a very very good thing if the seat certification program does is it provides trustworthy seeds to farmers is a seed certification program necessary how it's not is Monsanto Monsanto certifies none of their seeds and they're the largest seed company when you when you do things like create a GMO like so beneath and I were talking about there's a system called CRISPR that allows you to do genetic recombination so how can we get rid of those genes knock them out with the CRISPR system in that case if you're gonna pack at that plant and packing at that line and there's no me doc about to ever worry about a seed certification program because you have a patent on it which is better than a certification in the end yes it's it will be advantageous for farmers to buy certified seed and truly like legitimate farmers who have been farming for a long time and really want to get involved we'll look to certified seed to put into the rotation on a certified seed that fits below the DNC requirements the Department of Ag is saying if we ever get a certified seed that we wouldn't have to be doing so um yes then no yes that you Alfonzo will not have to worry about paying for testing but no in that the CDA world test so the way that CDA test is making tests up to one hundred percent of registrants and it's a random they say okay we're going to test sixty percent this year they plug it into a program says test these registrations if you are growing a certified seed line and you get tested or you get chosen for inspection CDA will pay for all of the inspections so you won't have to pay for the inspection at all however if it was ended up testing hot then you may get screwed over and not be able to use those seeds which again then you go to see ya you like why would you certify these seeds and that's a huge potential problem that may arise in the future as well it one more question under our dr material you know when we've tested predicates even more harvest then after we extracted the oil the THC was higher than yeah one so in the drainage oh you actually have beef material and other parts of the plant that are part of that percentage right and then when you when you extract the oils and then you all you have is a straight oil so you don't have that other plant material so of course like if you have a 12% CBD and then you extract the oil that see me concentrate you go up to it's just because you don't have what other than Christopher so I so I love Arne I myself I'm a huge fan of our name so for people to know RNA I as you can so you have a gene that's transcribed to RNA RNA is translated to protein you can take a message or RNA and make an opposite sequence to that messenger RNA and that meant that opposite sequence will bind to the messenger RNA and through a system called the Dicer system it'll create a double-stranded messenger RNA and then break it in half and that messenger RNA would never become protein so if you don't have a protein then you can't have a secondary function um like I said I'm huge fan of RNA I the problem with RNA AI is targeting it properly and getting the right message so there's lots of examples of where RNA RNA I does not work in mammalian systems there has yet to be real viable evidence that says the CRISPR system or the CRISPR system is like the most incredible system like whoever the people that discovered that will win the Nobel Prize for discovering that system but yeah so the also the problem with the CRISPR system with RNA AI is we have to get the cells into tissue culture induce the combination and then get them out of tissue culture to make it over plant one that's very expensive and two it's very hard the mayor a lot of people have the going to and from pretty much down but when it comes to actually doing the genetic work nobody's tried that yet as far as I know Robert Seaford dr. Bob secret at University of Colorado the University of Colorado has talked about that a lot I think he has a lot of money so I think he may be working on that but sure several of - there are a few students who as well yeah that's a great question because we were talking about that earlier this morning I see the McDaniel 101 at one o'clock and I'll do a little bit of kind of the the first stuff with this and then really we'll talk about the cooperative and how the co-operative can help with alleviate some of these problems [Applause] you
