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FAQs
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Which is the best business to start?
The good business to start which are worth investing time and money are to start a franchise, they are best in light of the fact that most franchisors help franchisees build up a strategy for success. Numerous components of the arrangement are standard working techniques set up by the franchisor. Different parts of the arrangement are modified to the requirements of the franchisee. The most troublesome part of another business is its start-up. Scarcely any accomplished administrators think about how to set up another business since they just do it a couple of times. Be that as it may, a franchisor has a lot of experience collected from helping its franchisees with start-up. This experience will help diminish botches that are expensive in both cash and time. A franchisor ordinarily offers a few promoting points of interest. The franchisor can get ready and pay for the advancement of expert publicizing efforts. Local or national promoting done by the franchisor benefits all franchisees. What's more, the franchisor can give counsel about how to create compelling promoting programs for a neighborhood. This advantage for the most part has a cost in light of the fact that numerous franchisors require franchisees to contribute a level of their gross pay to a co-agent advertising store.It is conceivable to get help with financing another franchise through the franchisor. A franchisor will frequently make courses of action with a loaning foundation to loan cash to a franchisee. Loaning organizations locate that such plans can be very gainful and generally safe in light of the high achievement rate of establishment tasks. The franchisee should in any case acknowledge moral obligation regarding the advance, yet the franchisor's contribution as a rule improves the probability that an advance will be endorsed. An appealing component of most establishments is that they have a demonstrated arrangement of task. This framework has been created and refined by the franchisor. A franchisor with numerous franchisees will ordinarily have a very refined framework in light of the whole experience of every one of these activities.The best franchises I can suggest you now a days are Online services, They are the franchise options for many reasons, low cost and less initial space are the two important features of it.Look out for a company like Phixman. This company is India’s one of the best Online Mobile Repair Company, this is the best investment because smartphones are becoming a basic need in everyone’s life and we can’t live without our phone for a day. Phixman is the company that takes your smartphone from your doorstep, repairs it and then delivers it back to your doorstep, all you have to do is place your order. It is India’s one of the fastest growing franchises and is the best franchise to start in 2019.
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How was your KVPY 2018 interview?
Location: IISc BangaloreNote: long answer aheadI gave the Kvpy SX interview 2017–18.It was my first interview ever. Being a physics enthusiast and ambitious to do pure science after 12th, this interview was very important to me. My calculated score seemed to be pretty decent and I still had a chance of getting a rank below 200 if I get above 80 in the interview.After consulting some seniors and friends I decided to take up electromagnetics and physical chemistry as my strong topics and prepared for the interview.I signNowed the centre by 8 30 AM and waited for about 4 hours before I was finally called in.There were 7–8 interviewers sitting by a long table. Most of them looked young and in their 30s.P: Good afternoon. Have a seat.Me: Good afternoon mam and sirs.P: So Sharaj tell me how have you been preparing for this interview.Me: For last two weeks I have been preparing exclusively for kvpy interview. I went through the concepts of my syllabus and prepared electromagnetics and physical chemistry specificallyP: What about other topicsMe: I went through them but I am not that confident in other topics.P: Ok. So tell me how do you know light is an electromagnetic wave?Me: ( what!? All my life I learn that light is an EM wave and why did it never occur to me why?) Well, I think its because it has sinusoidally varying electric and magnetic fields. Plus it's also non mechanical wave so we know it should be EM waveP: No you just defined an EM wave. But how do you know light is one?Me: (thinks)P: Do you know what diffraction is?Me: Yes mam. But how does that prove….(thinks again)[ well later I realised she was leading me on to polarisation by scattering is phenomenon we observe everyday. And it is caused due the electric fields]P: Ok leave it. Tell me what is lenz law?Me: *answers*P: where do you see it in your real life.Me: *talks about magnet dropped through metallic pipe slows down due to induced currents*P: Ok but where else? Do you know about transformers, step up transformer and all?Me: Yes mam. Step up transformers has two coils with secondary winding more than primary and its used to step up the voltage level.P: go explain it on the board.Me: *goes and draws an air core transformer with 2 coils and explains the apparatus*P: Wait. What is a solenoid?Me: *answers and then continues* Ok here now the current varies in primary which causes a change in flux in secondary and that induced an EMF in the secondary.P: Yes but why is the EMF induced?Me: *Repeats that current is changing and says as a result of faradays law emf is induced.*P: [looks unsatisfied as if she was expecting something else. Maybe I misheard the question] OK leave it. Why does a conductor conduct and not an insulator?Me: there are free electrons in conductor which can move when electric field is applied but in insulators only dipoles can be induced. The electrons are bound.P: So if you rip out all free electrons off a conductor and then apply an AC source across it what would happen.Me: *instantly*it would act as an insulator. It won't conductP: Are you sure?Me: *Thinks and says yes*P: Draw the circuit for AC applied across capacitors. And explain what happens there.[Stupid me! I didn't realise she was leading me to the answer to the previous question. ]Me: *by this time I was already lost as I realised I messed up the interview. I take around a minute to draw the circuit and write Q=CV.* Mam should I derive the impedance equation here(as she asked me to explain the working).P: No that's enough. Q=CV is what I wanted ( not sure if she was being sarcastic)(By this time I had given up already. The chemistry professors C1 and C2 look at me and smile. The math and bio profs don't give a damn and are doing something on their cell phones. Some other prof was sitting in the corner and writing something)C1: Ok now draw the free energy vs reaction coordinates curve.Me: *clumsily starts erasing the board using hands. Then C2 told there was a duster around the corner and to use it.* sir, the free energy..?C1: *repeats* for an exothermic reactionMe: ( well it must be the same as potential energy vs reaction progress graph) *draws this*C2: Are the reactants and products stable?Me: Yes sir but the product is more stable. Hence its exothermic.C1: Yes but your graph doesn't say that.Me: *thinks and has no clue what's wrong *C1: For things to be stable shouldn't its potential energy be at the local minima?Me: Yes *realises and alters the drawing to this*[ In my defense most books including NCERT doesn't have that well in the ends. It was something I learnt during the interview.]C1: Ok now mark the activation energy.Me: *marks everything and explains through graph*C2: What is the EA for backward reaction?Me: *marks*C1: Well tell me, where is the transition state and is it stable?Me: Its at the topmost point and no its not stable ( recalls that intermediate states are the stable states but not transition)C1: Are you sure?Me: Yes sir. It has maximum potential energy and hence its unstable.C1: No there are many degrees of freedom and * talks about stuff I didn't understand. Says something about saddle point*C2: *notices the weird frown I give* they don't have it in their syllabus.Me: (Oh thank god!)C1: Do you have order of reaction in syllabus?Me: yes sir! (Happy because its an easy chapter)C1: What is first order reaction?Me: *answers*C2: What is second order reaction?Me: ( wait! Did I mess up so much that they are asking easy questions now?) *answers*[Now I gather a little confidence and realise 10 minutes are up. (OK ask me questions I”ll answer them!!!)]C1: Ok. You can go now.Me: (No!! Give me more. Let me prove to you that I am worthy to go to iisc. Give another chance. Literally this expression!)*I thank them and leave the room. I come out and I am shocked and disappointed. If I were the interviewer I would hardly give myself 30 marks. I mentally calculate to find that I have very less chance to go to IIsc with such a performance*I come out and my dad just smiles and doesn't ask much. He just says “let's go have lunch”. He might have realised that I messed up.To all who are going to give the interview next…just know that it can go unpredictably good or bad. Just give it and wait for the results. I gave importance mainly to derivations because that's what most of my seniors were asked. But things are never the way you expect them to be!Fingers crossed till the results come.✌peace✌Edit: (20–04–2018)Turns out the interview had not gone as bad as I thought. Might be the interviewers asked relatively difficult problems to test my breaking point. Moreover the aptitude test of 2017 was much more difficult than the previous years.Thank you guys for all the up votes!
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What is the best way to increase conversions on my blog?
The inactivity of your visitors might be the reason of not placing enough calls-to-action on your blog. You know, people sometimes need some extra pushing to do something. You might want to place a sidebar with a sign like "Sharing is caring!", or something compelling. Also, I've seen some pages, who are trying to get more likes by offering something in exchange. For example Tweepi offers an extended page limit if you tweet about their services. In a similar way, you could offer some "gated content," something of value that is only available for those who like, comment or share. Or, another great way would be to launch a contest, name something (a coupon, free study, anything interesting for your audience) as a prize, and you'd be drawing the winner out of the people who shared your stuff. Easy and effective I think :)In order to present these to your audience your might just use the sidebar I offered in the first place, or try the use of exit intent popups, in which case you could target the visitors who are trying to leave your site. Everybody loves free, and they love winning something for free even more, so they might even give their e-mail addresses and sign up to your newsletter. A perfect solution for this would be OptiMonk, which is extremely easy to set up, offers great built in templates and a 14 day free trial period, so you've got basically nothing to lose.Hope I could help here, good luck with converting :)
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How do people make so much money on the ClickBank?
There’s a lot of misconceptions out there today, but after working online for the last few years…I can assure you, affiliate marketing has to be the most misunderstood subject there is.And don’t take that the wrong way either, I’m certainly not judging - as I went through the same thing myself…Where I started looking at all the ways I could make money online a few years back, and after coming across a blog post where this guru was bragging about how he made $1,000,000 from blogging…I couldn’t help but fall in love right away.Honestly hard not to, as they made it look so easy…Where all I had to do was write a few blog posts, optimize my SEO - share it on social media…And voila, I was a millionaire.Needless to say, I went all in after seeing this…And after writing a crazy amount of blogs, and posting even more useless stuff on Twitter…I finally checked my account 5 months later, and there it was…$17.That’s right, after working countless hours for 5 months straight - I’d made a whopping $17…And that was obviously depressing, but I wasn’t quite ready to give up yet - so after that…I ventured out and started looking around for a solution that’d help me fix this mess.Searched high and low, downloading every ebook I could find…Then finally, after doing this for a couple weeks - I came in contact with a guy who appeared to know what he was doing.Won’t bore you with the entire story now, as it’s not too important…But needless to say, after telling him about my troubles - and mentioning how I thought this whole affiliate marketing thing was going to be a little easier…He just laughed and mentioned something I’ll never forget:Yeah, because there’s one important concept nobody likes to talk about…No matter what you’re selling, whether it be an affiliate product or a $7 ebook…You always have to gain the trust of your reader before they’ll buy anything.In other words, nobody just sees some random tweet and buys an affiliate product because a stranger told them to…Or better yet, reads one blog post that’s clearly intended to make money...And that’s the same reason why it takes people months (if not years) before they make money off this.The reason for that is because they take the time to build up an audience, which is usually done with multiple blog posts…And that worked great back in the day, when SEO was new and everybody had a chance to claim their spot…But in today’s world, everybody and their dog is fighting for a higher ranking - meaning it not only takes longer to get one article on the front page, but takes years to get multiple articles on there…Which is what you really need to have enough traffic and build an audience.Anyway, after hearing this - I was pretty crushed…As I started to realize this might not be quite as easy as it seemed, but like a true mind reader…The guy told me not to worry after that, and mentioned how there’s actually a way to “hack” this process…It just takes a little more skill up front.Of course, I was all ears at this point…And after hearing him talk about everything for the next 30 minutes, I knew exactly what I needed to do next…Start creating marketing funnelsNow if you’re not familiar with this term already, it’s an overused concept where all these “digital marketers” have made it more complicated than it needs to be…But in the simplest terms, it’s really an automated system where you guide the reader through a journey - having multiple “conversations” with them along the way…Then at the end of the funnel, THAT’s when you offer your affiliate product.This works great for a lot of different reasons, like how you’re breaking down obstacles they have in regards to the end product - while also educating them along the way…But also because it gives you enough time to build trust with the reader (using automation).In other words, instead of being a random weirdo who’s posting on social media - thinking people are going to see your tweet and buy a product right away…You establish a relationship with them first, show how it can help them - THEN offer the product…And the entire process depends on how expensive your end product is, but on average - these funnels take around 5-7 days (for cold traffic, as you just send them to this system - then let it take care of the rest)...Which is a much better alternative to the 12 - 18 months everybody shoots for now.Needless to say, after learning about this concept - I went out and started purchasing expensive courses after that…And I’m not saying it happened on the first day, or the second day - or hell, the first month…But finally, after a lot of testing - and even more learning…I was able to start creating funnels that actually worked:And here’s the exact steps I used to do just that.Step #1 - Start with a product (or topic) you actually enjoyOne of the biggest problems I see with most affiliate marketers today, is how they chase the money…Not something they actually enjoy talking about.Don’t get me wrong either, I completely get it - as the main point of affiliate marketing is to make money…But here’s the thing, if you’re trying to sell something you don’t like - you’ll get burnt out right away…And with all the opportunity on ClickBank today, it’s really hard to NOT find a product that pays well - and you actually enjoy.At a bare minimum, I always tell people to pick a tool (or software) they’ve used before…But if none come to mind, then at least pick a topic you enjoy talking about.To give you an example of this, one of my favorite topics to talk about…Is copywriting, so if I didn’t have any tools that came to mind right away…I’d head over to Best Affiliate Programs | Top Premier Internet Retailer | Clickbank, and search for anything copywriting related.After doing this for a little while, I’d eventually come across a course from some copywriter who I actually like - so after that…I’d pick his product:And move onto the next step:Step #2 - Targeting the right audienceNow, over the years I’ve seen a lot of mistakes when it comes to digital marketing in general - especially affiliate marketing…But if there’s one common mistake that kills most dreams, it’s just not picking the right audience.This is dangerous for a lot of reasons, but the most obvious is well - if you don’t offer your product to the right person…Then they’re probably not going to buy it (be like selling tampons to young dudes).With that said, there’s always going to be multiple markets you can help as well - so the key here is just picking one and going with it…Which, going back to our current example…I’d pick a market of people who want to start making money online, but don’t know where to start.Like this market (for that product), as copywriting is really one skill that’ll help them succeed online…So that’d be the best place to start, then after we have that picked - it’s time to move onto:Step #3 - Build a system that turns cold traffic into hot leadsAlright, so as I’ve mentioned a few times - there’s a few major problems that prevent people from getting sales online…But one thing that’s always blown my mind, is how people think that just because customers are online - they don’t know how to think anymore.In other words, whenever we do “sales” offline - most people understand how important it is to show the benefits of your product to potential clients, and explain what it can do for them before ever making an offer…But then for some reason, once people go online - they think they can just build a landing page, put a “call-to-action” after that…And expect people to buy right away, which simply doesn’t work.Again, there’s a few reasons for this - but in the simplest terms, it’s usually because they just don’t understand what it is…So before you ever offer the sale, you always want to build an automated system that explains the benefits to your market - along with why they should buy the product you’re affiliated with.Going back to our current example…I’d know my market well enough to understand they probably don’t even know what copywriting is, so if I just told them to buy this affiliate product - they’d look at me like I’m an idiot…So to get around this mess, it’s my job to “meet them where they’re at”.In other words, since I know what their goal is (make money online) - it’s my job to show them how this skill can help them signNow that goal…And there’s a lot of different ways I can do this, but for the most part…I’ve always been a fan of email courses.These seem to work best as it’s information that’s dripped out over 5 days, so you’re not overwhelming them with everything at once…Then on top of this, it’s something they can read whenever they have time - so the “attendance” rates are usually a lot higher than every other method as well:Anyway, in this case I’d create an email course with the main logic of:“The one skill that’ll help you make money online”And there’s a lot of underlying psychology that goes on with email funnels, so it’s a little tougher than just writing 5 emails…But in the simplest terms, if you can give them an email course that explains how copywriting can help them signNow their goals…Then you will get some sales with that alone.Anyway, now that we have this in place - it’s time to move onto:Step #4 - Craft a landing page that converts like crazySo now that we have the email funnel created, it’s obviously important to have people enter that funnel…And the easiest way to do this, is with a high-converting landing page.I’ve tested a lot of different options over the years, from pop-ups to having a freebie on my homepage…And I can assure you, landing pages are hands down - the best way to go.The reason for this is because they only have one option when seeing a landing page, so that alone skyrockets conversions…But on top of this, it gives you a little more time to write “copy” that converts - so that’s extremely helpful as well.With that said, as with everything…There’s a lot of advanced tactics you could use, but if you want to see one of my landing pages that’s converting very well - then here you go:Alright, now that we have the email funnel in place - and a landing page that has people enter that email funnel…It’s time to move onto the last step:Step #5 - Driving traffic to that landing pageSo entrepreneurs are a different breed, and definitely come in different forms…But if there’s one common problem they all have, it’s always getting traffic.From SEO to posting on Pinterest, this is the one thing they all struggle with…And again, I went through this in the beginning stages of my journey as well - so I’m not poking fun…But over the years I’ve learned it’s really not that hard, you just have to understand how to meet your potential clients.There’s a lot of ways you can do this, including anything along the lines of:Facebook AdsTwitter AdsEtc…But for me personally, over the years - I’ve noticed it works best when I write a long-form blog…Then “boost” it in front of my audience.This works best as it starts the relationship off on the right foot, and as with everything - there’s a few ways to do this…But from my experience, it usually works best when you do this here on Quora - then “promote” your answer in front of the right audience.This works great as people on Quora are clearly there to read questions, so they want to see your answer (if it’s good)...And as with everything else - the pricing will vary by industry…But at the end of the day, this method is pretty cost-efficient all around…And to give you some context on this, here’s a recent campaign I ran:The only thing you want to remember with this, is that it needs to be something that leads people to your funnel, and you always need to have a call-to-action at the end (like this):So going back to our example, in this case - I’d go to Quora…Find any question that was something along the lines of:“How do I make money online?”Then after answering that question, at the end - I’d leave a call-to-action that says something along the lines of:“Want to learn one skill that’ll help you achieve this goal? If so, then click here to learn more”...And after that, the link would go to the landing page - so they could learn more about copywriting (if they wanted to) after that, and the rest of the process would take care of everything from there (on autopilot).Long story short…I’m sure we could really dig into the details if we wanted to, but after working in this industry for the last few years…If there’s one “secret” that separates people who make money on Clickbank, from those that don’t…It’s the concept of marketing funnels.The reason for this is because if you don’t have marketing funnels in place, then it’s impossible to establish a rapport with the reader - well, unless you get millions of visitors on your blog every month…But that takes too long, so not something I’d advise.On the other hand, when you put a system in place that guides the reader through a journey - and builds a rapport the entire time…THAT’s when the sales really start rolling in.At the end of the day, I guess it’s really like making a robotic version of yourself - where you put the sales process in place once, then let it work for you 24/7 after that…So if you can put it in that perspective, usually makes things a little easier.
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What questions are asked in the ISRO interview for a mechanical engineer?
Result : Selected, All India Rank - 4 (ISRO 2018)I want to give not only a very detailed experience but also some tips from my side. I have tried to write in such a way that you feel as if you are in interview hall. Because of all this you might feel this interview experience is a bit long but it's only for people very serious about ISRO. Going through the full experience will definitely give you a competitive edge. My contact informations including my whatsapp number is given at the end. Feel free to approach me. Now let's begin. It was 17th August 2018, 8:00 am ISRO guest house, Chennai. This year there was no interview center at Bangalore, only Delhi, Kolkata and Chennai and all who had written test centers at Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerela, Andhra Pradesh and maybe Orissa had their interview center at Chennai. I was wearing a white shirt, a black pair of trousers, black belt, black pair of shoes with plain black socks and a plain and sober grey tie. Please put on a tie, this is what candidates don't understand, ISRO is almost like a private firm. Here looks, appearance, proper dressing sense and smartness matters, that is why in interview panel there are members from HR present. Without tie, it is not formal, your top button is not closed and your collars are not properly upright. First 10 minutes are deciding for any interview and for first 10 seconds all they are going to observe is your appearance. Candidates who do not take care of these tiny details will say tomorrow that their luck was bad. Its not about luck, it's about taking care of the tiniest details. My name was first on the list on that day so I signNowed 15 min before the time mentioned in call letter (7:45am).I expected 8:00 to be time for start of verification of documents just like in case of BARC, but ISRO people are not playing around, they do not have classic government job mentality of working 9 to 5 and 5 days a week. So they actually started the interviews 10-15 minutes before 8:00 as few students arrived as early as 7:00 and completed the document verification before me so even though my name was first on the list, 6-7 candidates got interviewed before me (Actually, I liked it... I didn't wanted to be the first but also I didn't wanted to wait for 4-5 hours). So sometime before 10 a.m. I was asked to get into the interview room. Even for me who has already cleared BARC last year, who has already spent days and nights among biggest scientists of this country for the past one year, it was a cereal moment when I slightly opened the door and saw the world on the other side. I got the first glimpse of INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION. That moment I'll never forget for the rest of my life. I know a lot of you folks are confused, if I already was in BARC then why did I go for ISRO? Right? See it has something to do with passion. I know exactly what I want, I know exactly which field of engineering fascinates me. It is aerospace engineering and rocket science. This was never possible in BARC and that is why even after failing twice in ISRO written test(May 2017 & Dec 2017) I went for ICRB exam the third time and this time I made it happen. @ the door Me: May I come in sir? I3: yes please (from now on interviewer 1=I1, interviewer 2=I2 and so on) I went and stood near the only chair on my side. It was a gigantic hall. A completely different setup than BARC interview panel. There was a giant rectangular table between me and all the interviewers, there was atleast 7 feet distance between me and the closest interviewer (12 o'clock),so they had a mic for every person attached to the table. There were around 10 interviewers out of which one was a lady but I think including her, two were from HR, because they were monitoring the way I speak and the way I present. I teach a lot about how to be confident, how to have good speaking skills and body posture on youtube so I had a good idea of how to present myself (so those two were continuously impressed and were smiling). I2: Ashish Ramj... Ranjo... Rajm... Me: Sir, Ashish Ranjan. I2: Ok Ashish, please sit down. I sat down (I had my documents left outside), I only had a pen in my right pant pocket which I had borrowed from a very humble fellow candidate because just in the rarest occasion of you need to wright or sign something you should not be in a position where you do not have a pen. Unfortunately this thought did not came to my mind when I left for interview center but fortunately I found a good person who had an extra pen. I2 : Ok Ashish please introduce yourself. Me : Sir, my full name is Ashish Ranjan (exactly like I introduce myself in my unacademy introduction videos but fortunately I leashed myself from saying the next line I say in my videos, "I cleared BARC 2017....", that would have raised a lot of unnecessary questions and I wanted most of the questions from technical side so that I can show my skills in engineering and not my background because I knew that's what the majority of the marking out of 100 is going to be for) I was born and raised in Ranchi, Jharkhand. From there I did my schooling. In 10th standard I got a CGPA of 9.2 and in 12th I had a percentage of 75.5 percent. Till then I did not had much direction in my life but when I started my btech in Sikkim Manipal Institute of technology something changed. I found engineering very interesting, I started to spend more and more time in learning more about engineering, by the end of 4 years I had a CGPA of 9.57 and a bronze medal from my university (by now they are so interested in my story of how an average student became a topper and so impressed by my high CGPA that it slipped their mind that I hid one very important fact.... I never mentioned which year I passed out or which year I joined b.tech. I was 2016 passout, I didn't wanted to mention that I worked at BARC but then I had a more than 2 years gap and that wouldn't have looked good). Throughout my btech, I never wasted time, I was hungry for knowledge so I utilised all my semester breaks to do internships. By the end of 4 years I had done around 5 internships and also I did classes on some designing softwares.(All along I was making eye contact with each of the interviewer, the "light house effect" and the "spot light effect" which I talk about in my videos, because no interviewer should feel left out, this is something that I learned by giving 8-10 viva sessions in my days at BARC training school. You must understand that interviewers are also humans at the end of the day and wherever there are humans there are emotions and remember this: "humans take decisions emotionally and justify them by logic" so I wanted to make every interviewer feel good because I knew everyone had some percentage of my marks that would get me in. Now I took a look at them and tried to find by their expression if they wanted to know more. Everyone looked interested. I knew if they were bored they would have interrupted me. So I continued with my hobbies) I am also a lot into public speaking so I like to enhance my communication skills and I like to work on it everyday (at this point of time making spotlight eye contact with HR lady. She smiled) and I'm also into sports (making spotlight eye contact with the male HR) like track and field. Male HR: What sports?(with a smile) Me: sir track and field like 100m race, 400m race. He looked at me like he wanted to know more, everyone is looking at me to know more. I knew I had them. Now it's time to play my ace. That's when I dropped the nuke.... Me: I also have been a lot into martial arts. I am a black belt in shotokan karate(with a smile) Done! Now everyone has my attention. Male HR : (smiling) That is great Ashish. Female HR: (smiling) we would have never guessed that. Me : (smiling) I know mam. Remember it is very important to smile. Do not act like a scared student over there, act like a confident and friendly future colleague, because that's who they are looking to hire. I2: Ok Ashish what are your favourite subjects? Me: Sir my favourite subjects are Fluid Mechanics, Strength of Materials, Machine design... also I'm comfortable with Theory of machine and material science....and also heat transfer. (I knew that in ISRO interview there is one member from each subject, even theory of machine, material science and manufacturing. So I wanted to involve as much interviewers as possible.There is a probability that there will be 2 difficult (abstract) question out of 10, 8 questions will be easy textbook type. So if everyone is saying 4 favourite subjects and getting 2 difficult questions, you can say 6 favourite subject and get 3 difficult questions. Probability increased as now there is a higher chance that atleast 1 will be from one of your stronger subjects and you'll be able to answer it and that would definitely impress them. Plus on top of that you are getting double the number of easy questions, so for more number of time you'll be playing on your front foot. If you are not able to answer questions from one subject but show smartness and confidence, other interviewer might think let me test him/her with my subject, maybe he/she is good at that. But all of it will work only if you spent time working on all subject for a month. It is a difficult path but it is the only sure shot path to ISRO and the only way to deal with the uncertainty that is associated with every step of ISRO. What all of these will do definitely is that it will make your interview last longer (my interview lasted for over half an hour, which is very unusual for ISRO as most of the isro interviews go upto maximum of 20 minutes). Now what longer interview does is that it reduces the luck factor as longer you are infront of them more is the chances of you being able to show your skill in engineering. Female HR: (giggling) lot of favourite subjects. Me:(with a smile) I like mechanical engineering. (rehearsed line to show them I am an all-rounder and comfortable with inter-disciplinary tasks which is what all core companies want) Till now everything was rehearsed, I rehearsed that I would say these things 5-10 times infront mirror as I knew these two questions they would definitely ask. I knew from this point onwards rest of the interview is all about engineering skills and improvising, but doing this first step perfectly ensures that now they are looking forward to hire you, now all you have to do is not make a blunder. I2: Ok Ashish, please go to the board. I saw a 6ft. by 4 ft. white board behind me with a chair left of me on which two marker pens and an Eraser/duster was kept. As far as what I remember about the surrounding, the lighting of the room was not very bright, not as bright as it could have been, but above the board there was a white light which was making that area very bright. All this was increasing the feel in me that this is it... I worked for it for one and a half year and now I'm here, I'm in control and time to show them what I've got. I took care of how I stand, made sure that I'm standing up straight... Chest out, back straight but just enough to make it look natural. These are things that I practiced infront of mirror few days before the interview and also something that I've always been attentive about. I2: Draw two vertical lines. I did. I2: draw two horizontal lines in between them. I did I2:make vertical lines as fixed supports.and upper horizontal line is steel, lower horizontal line is aluminium bar. Tell me the stresses in them if temperature is increased from 20 C to 100 C Me: (writing all the information he was giving me on board, I wrote delta T=80 C) Sir due to increase in temperature this bar will try to elongate but the rigid support will not let it so there will be compressive reactions applied by the supports so there will be compressive stress. (while writing on board) sir, thermal stain epsilon =delta T*alpha so thermal stress will be alpha *deltaT*E, E being the Young's modules. I2: so what is the value? Which of them will have higher stress? Me: Sir that depends on the values of Young's modulus and thermal expansion coefficient. I2: what are the values? Me: sir Young's modulus of Aluminium is 69Gpa( this number was easiest to remember for obvious reasons ;) ) for mild steel it is 200 GPa. I don't remember the exact values of thermal expansion coefficients for these materials but I know that it's of the order of 10^(-6) and for steel it is around 10.I don't remember for aluminium. I2: take it 3 times the thermal coefficient of steel and take Young's modulus of aluminium as 70 and that for steel as 210. Me: Ok sir now we can compare. Let's first find for aluminium. (writing on board and speaking simultaneously) so stress in aluminium is alphaA*80*210=3*alphaS*80*70=16800*alphaS(on the side I did the calculation very quickly, I wrote 21*8 and directly wrote the answer as 16800 within fraction of seconds) I3: Why did you Wright 21?what is 8? Me: Sir 7*3=21. I2: what is 8? Me: sir I have taken 8 from 80....I'm just doing the calculation. I4: Oh.. Final answer likh dia isne. They were surprised that I did this calculation so fast, they forgot that this is nothing compared to the proficiency in hand and mental calculation we need to clear written exam. HR male : (smiling) Ha ha sahi kr raha hai. You continue. Me: so now the stress in steel bar. Stress =alphaS*80*210=16800alphaS I was a little confused seeing that the value is same. Me:Ok sir so what we have is that Young's modulus of steel is three times...(was interrupted) I2:Which one has more stress? Me: Sir, stresses will be equal. I2: OK. (looking at I3, indicating him to ask his question) I3: Ok, do you know what keys are. Me: Sir, keys are mechanical elements used to have constant velocity rati... (my voice fading) {It was a very easy topic for me because it is the second chapter I teach on unacademy in my course of machine design but for some reason I got tongue tied but I pulled my self back, I gave myself time to breathe and think but at the same time made sure that interviewers don't have to wait, so I started to draw a shaft-hub assembly on board} Me:(while drawing) So if I have a shaft and over it we have a hub like a gear or a bearing then if we add a key then both shaft and hub will have same angular velocity, there will be positive drive which means there will be no slip. I3: How do you design a key? Me: A rotating shaft transmits torque to hub through key. Key will have tangential force. So we consider what we call a "sunk key", that means it is inserted within groves in both shaft and hub (drawing and explaining simultaneously) then let us consider a rectangular key of length l, width b and height t(I drew a fresh isometric view of key alone). Now we can design it by both crushing and shearing. So designing it by crushing first, let us say that sigmaC is the crushing strength of the material then crushing area will be this (showing on diagram) i.e. l*t/2. So cruising strength will be sigmaC*l*t/2,this is the maximum tangential load the key can take based on crushing, if we multiply it with radius of shaft, we will get the maximum torque it can take, if we again multiply it with angular velocity we can find out the maximum power it can transmit. {for this 2-3 minutes, I forgot about the rest of the world, I completely got into my teaching mode, nobody questioned anything, they were all just nodding and smiling, it was an easy question but it doesn't matter what the question is, it matters how well you explain it. I've said this before in my BARC preparation videos, these are top scientists of this country you are dealing with, for them everything is easy like ABCD, for them design of key is easy and so is finite element method, so explain any question you get to the fullest} I3:Ok ok(looked very satisfied) {But I didn't stop, I thought let's finish it perfectly, 18 months of preparation, 6 years of struggle, I'm not taking any chances, I'll present my 100%} Me: We can also design it based on shear, so for that the tangential force will be same but shear area now will be(showing it on diagram) b*l, so we have to know the shear strength of the material and we can again find the maximum tangential load and subsequently maximum torque in similar manner. I3:ok ok. I4:have you studied engineering drawing? {this is the thing about ISRO, they can ask questions even from subjects you didn't mention as favourite subject. I mentioned 6 subjects but still they went for 7th. What they didn't knew is that I was prepared for 11 subjects. I had already prepared engineering drawing along with all of production, refrigeration and air conditioning, engineering mechanics and obviously thermodynamics, in the last 2 months. You see the contrast in BARC & ISRO interviews? In BARC you say 5 subjects and you prepare for 4 according to my strategy that I shared on youtube. In ISRO on the other hand, you say 5-6 subjects and prepare for 11-12 subjects.} Me: Yes sir. I4:Why do we need engineering drawing? Me: Whatever a designer designs, engineering drawing is used to convey it to the manufacturer. I4: Suppose you have to produce this glass (there was a glass on my side of the table) how will you do it? What will be the engineering drawing? Show us on board. Me:Sir should I draw the projections? top view, front view etc.? I4: Yes. Me: (Drawing and explaining) I am going to use Indian standard. In India we use 3rd angl..sorry 1st angle projection so I'm going to draw according to it. I4: What? Me: Sir, we use first angle projection in India. Male HR: Is it so? (with a big smile on his face) Me: Yes sir, Indian companies use first angle projection and American companies use third angle projection. (they looked satisfied so I turned back to the board and continued drawing and explaining) So according to first angle projection, top view will be below front view and right view will be on left hand side of front view. So the front view will be like this (drawing a rectangular shape with its lower edge touching the horizontal plane. I also drew the hidden lines to show that glass has some thickness and that it is a hollow cylinder, drew projection lines towards left hand side plane to draw right view but stopped knowing that it will be same as front view and I didn't want to waste their time as I knew what they wanted to see are the front view and top view) Some Interviewer from back: It would be same right? (talking about the right view) Me: (without turning) yes sir.(continued drawing, drew two concentric circles using projections of front view and stopped). I4: So how will you show concentricity? Me: Like this sir(I drew two mutually perpendicular center lines, those with alternate long and short lines) I5: So how will you show a concentricity tolerance of let us say //some value I do not remember // microns? Me: (thinking for a second) sir it looks like this (drew two small concentric circles. 2 years ago when I was an intern at TATA Cummins, my guide forced me to go through geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, but it was impossible to remember all that now) I do not remember completely, I studied this a long time ago in Geometric dimensioning and Tolerancing (I later found out that the symbol I drew was actually correct, its just that it was a bit incomplete) I4:Ok ok(looked satisfied) {Till now it was perfect and I knew that if you are giving perfect answers to normal questions, they are going to get into more advanced and abstract questions because now they would like to push your limits. Honestly the easy questions lasted longer than I expected. By now I knew I had done more than enough to get in, the interview is over, I am selected, if they continue, it will be only be because they want to have a little fun} I1:You said material science right? Me: Yes sir. I1: In what way do we classify materials? Me: (A little confused about where to start? as this question has infinite number of answers) Sir, we can classify materials as ductile and brittle. I1: and? Me: (Thinking for a second or two) and we also classify it as isotropic and orthotropic. I1: and? Me: There are lot of ways to classify Materia... I1: have you heard of metallic and non metallic materials? Me: yes sir, metallic materials have free electrons in it where as non metallic materials has no free electrons. I1: Can you give me some examples of both? Me: Sir examples of non-metallic materials are plastic, polymers, ceramics. I1: and non metallic? Me: Steel, copper, aluminium etc. (such a silly question, I think by the end of me answering, he also realised it 7 so he said along with me) I1: Cooper, steel etc right? Me: yes sir, copper steel, aluminium etc. I1: can you draw the stress strain curve of mild steel, cast iron and aluminium? Me: yes sir. (turning towards the board and going to the left most part of it) so first I'll draw for mild steel. I1: No no.. In same graph. Me: ok sir (drew x and y axis at center of the board) on x axis we will have stress...Engineering stress (I didn't wanted to play that game of I'll say stress then you'll ask which stress then I'll say engineering stress then you'll ask what is other kind, what is it.... And so on... Because this interview had already gone way longer than I expected. At that point I just wanted to show all the excellence I have. By directly writing engineering stress, I had answered all those 6-8 questions perfectly in fraction of a second in their head, thus my impression improved and their time saved. It's a win win trick you play only when you know you are already on positive side because now they are confident about your skill in engineering, now they won't even ask... They'll just assume that you know it. That is the difference between 9/10 and 10/10. If you are 9/10 people will think there's something else you might not know and if you are 10/10 people will think you know everything. So I continued drawing, without wasting any time I drew three curves. I1: Now where will concrete lie? Me: (I drew a line near cast iron but with a larger slope) I1: will it be stronger than cast iron? Me : No sir, it will depend on young's modulus. Slope of this line is young's modulus. I1: so is it stronger than cast iron? Me: No sir(drawing a line with lesser slope) all I am saying is that concrete is brittle so it will have similar curve... There will be no yielding. I1: So where will it lie? Me: Sir it depends on young's modulus of concrete,I don't remember the value. I1: OK. I6: you said heat transfer right? Me: yes sir. I6: draw a pipe? Me: (drew two parallel lines) I6: no the other side. Me: front view? I6: yes. Me: (drew two concentric circles) I6: there is hot fluid passing. Tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-convection. I6: Now put an insulation. Me: (I did) I6: Now tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-conduction-convection I6: Now remove the insulation. Now this pipe is buried underground. Soil is maintained at 25 C. Tell me the modes of heat transfer. Me: convection-conduction-conduction I6: No, that pipe wall is maintained at 75 C. Me: There will be conduction taking place as soil is solid. There is no chance of convection. Since the temperature difference is large there might be considerable radiation. (this was an abstract question, these questions have no answers, you have to show your thinking capacity here, that's it) I7: Ok coming to fluid mechanics. (At this time I was surprised by the time they are investing on me) Me: yes sir. I7: have you seen air balloon? Why does it fly? Me: it is because of the buoyancy effect. The weight of the air it displaces is more than the its own weight. I7: So it will keep on going up into the outer space? ( A long time ago I had heard this question when I was still undergraduate, I knew it will stop at a particular height but never gave it a thought on why it will stop) Me: No sir it will stop at a particular height (with full confidence... hoping he doesn't ask why) I7: Why? Me:(thinking for a second, pretending that I'm gathering my words) Sir as we keep on going to higher altitudes the air becomes thinner and thus we have lower density, thus at some point weight of fluid displaced will equate to weight of balloon and it stops. I7: so have you seen that we use heat source placed at the bottom of balloon? Me: yes sir. I7: Why do we use it? Me: To heat the air. Hotter air will have lesser density. I7: That hole is made very small. Why? Why can't we have a larger hole? Me: Sir, so that we don't have to heat a lot lot of air. I7: No we are heating the same amount of air anyways. Me: (paused for few seconds, thinking) Sir I'll have to think about it. I7: Why can't we have it like a parachute? Me: (thinking) I7: why cant we have a big hole? Me: (Drew a semi sphere, convex upwards) like this? I7: Yes, exactly. Me: (Thinking. Somehow I knew I was taking more time than what they have, but they were unexpectedly giving me time to think and kept giving me hints, this was because of the strong base I created and also they were considerate about the fact that I have been standing and explaining for the last 30-40 minutes, I must have gotten tired) It will be difficult to manufacture (just didn't wanted to be dumb so I said something. This is very important, if I stood dumb for 10 more seconds, interview would have ended right there and what's worse? It would have ended at a bad note. So I said something so that they might think that I am trying) I7: We don't care about manufacturing cost. Have you studied about stability of a body? {Now that's all I needed} Me: Yes sir, ok I get it. For stability of submerged body of center of buoyancy should be above center of gravity of the body. I7:why? Me: If we tilt the body in any direction, there will be a restoring couple (showed it with diagram). So this principle is used here. I7:How? Me: Making a spherical shape must ensure the balloon to have G below B. I7:(looking for more) Me:(thinking for a second and then I finally got it, I got the answer. A submerged body can only be unstable if it has a differential density. What a smaller fire hole does is that it decreases the region directly in contact with the fire, i.e. it reduces the volume with sudden drop of density. Thus it helps in maintaining a relatively more uniform density so that the balloon remains stable in case of winds and bad weather. All these were running in my head. I forgot that I was in interview room, I just found the question amazing and was thrilled that I was able to get to the answer. That's when I exclaimed at a voice louder than any they had heard by me in the last 45 min...It was like a 'Eureka!' ) YES (took the marker pen and turned to the board) If I have balloon in the shape of a sphere (Drew a strong circle quickly, as soon as I did this, they knew that I've got it) I7: Ok Ashish you can go. Me:(nodded, kept the pen on chair) thankyou everyone (I exited from the door) I checked the time, it was way past 10:30. A guy (another candidate) followed me, he asked "what are they asking?" I said it all depends on your subjects. He said "your interview lasted very long". I asked, "how long?". "much more than half an hour" he said. I replied "it didn't feel like it, I have to go upstairs to return this pen". I returned the pen and went out thinking time to get some highlights in my hair. The interview lasted crazy long when compared to how long ISRO interviews usually last (10-20 minutes). I didn't see time before getting in but with my experience in previous interviews and taking a look at how much time they spent only on introduction and then the fact that they asked questions from SIX subjects that too lengthy ones, I think it was easily close to an hour. I was very confident I'm getting selected just like the day I was when BARC 2017 interview was over. One thing I'm sure of is that you cannot fool yourself, after the interview you either know you got selected or you know you didn't. There's nothing in between and that day I knew that I did it. Being in BARC for 1 year made me realise one thing... that I'm not a scientist.... I do not shine the brightest when it comes to Engineering. Where I excel is in making a full proof strategy for beating one of the most difficult competitions. That's how I cracked BARC and that's how I cracked ISRO and I want the world to know that anyone can do it if they have a proper strategy, dedication and a little bit of craziness. If you went through my full interview experience then obviously you are very serious about this job. Find more of my guidance videos on my Youtube channel : Torq4712 Feel free to approach me at : Instagram, twitter, unacademy at : ashish_torq Gmail: torque4712@gmail.com Whatsapp: 7042830765 (please don't call without messaging first) All I want to do is help my juniors. I want to bring the most authentic knowledge to all interested aspirants for free. This path is tough and I appreciate everyone who has the courage to travel it. All the best.
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How is it possible for Egyptologists to claim that they know how to read and translate the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt?
Egyptologists claim that they know how to read and translate the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt, especially when they pronounce names and cities. How is this possible? Do you know what “22 skadoo means”? This term was recently used in the 1920s. Egyptologists claim that they know how to read and translate the hieroglyphs of ancient Egypt, especially when they pronounce names and cities. How is this possible?Fragmentary knowledge of hieroglyphics survived from antiquity (we’ve got a late antique source discussing them, but it contains many errors), but really understanding them is possible because of this:The Rosetta Stone is a 2nd century BC inscription which has three copies of the same proclamation in three different forms: hieroglyphics, demotic Egyptian, and ancient Greek. When it was discovered, scholars could read Greek, but ...
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What are examples of A/B testing?
A/B testing is an approach used to compare two different versions of marketing content to find out which one works better. In other words, figure which one performs better in terms of a specific conversion goal. Let’s examine how it works depending on 3 things you might want to test.Website A/B TestingTo test your website you need a platform to create different versions of a page, separate incoming traffic and display different versions of the site to users at random time. But you also need to collect and analyze the data from your experiments.Depending on which tool you pick and how you use it, you can test almost anything on your website:HeadlinesImages and videos (placement, or versions with and without)Placement of call-to-action or sign-upValue propositionsButton location / type / color / descriptionBecause there is so much to choose from, it’s important to focus on the things that have a real impact. For example, it’s not the best idea to test two completely different versions of a site against each other, as the results will tell you which one worked better – but they won’t tell you why.When you test one thing at a time, and it’s a change that has a large impact then it’s a test that you can draw valid, specific conclusions from. A good example could be placing a sign-up button over the fold OR in the middle of the page.Source: Laptop, hand, person and computer HD photo by rawpixel (@rawpixel) on UnsplashWebsite A/B Testing ToolsThere are plenty of different tools for website A/B testing, like:Unbounce – platform for creating and testing landing pages, with an intuitive drag-and-drop builder, easy to use testing tools, and insightful analytics.VWO – an easy tool that allows you to change elements and content on your website to create different versions, run experiments, track specific conversion goals to easily evaluate performance, and continuously optimize your site.Google Analytics Experiments – a powerful A/B testing tool that makes it possible to split-test multiple versions of a web page and deliver them to users through different URLs. It can be configured in a myriad of ways, from using it to handle the whole test, along with redirecting users to separate versions of the website, to just using the Analytics engine for reporting, and relying on another tool to display different website versions.Another important thing is to take your time and allow your experiment to build up a decent amount of data. For e-commerce companies, a social media platform or a popular SaaS, generating a lot of traffic will be easier – but a B2B startup in a niche market with low website traffic needs to be much smarter about A/B testing.However, testing on low-traffic sites can still work wonders – as long as you only test things that have the biggest impact on visitors, as Optimizely’s Steve Ebin confirms. He provided an example test that he ran for MuleSoft, on a page with only 75 visits per day. In less than two weeks, he was able to conclude that presenting data in a different way resulted in a 40% improvement in conversion.A/B Testing Your EmailsHere things get a little bit easier. What can you test in an email campaign? For example:Target groupsSubject linesEmail contentSending timesA/B testing in email campaigns doesn’t require as sophisticated software as website A/B testing. You can run a valid test with just your GMail account and a spreadsheet, because all you need to do is to divide your contact list in half, send them different versions of your emails, and see which group responds / clicks the most. But it will be easier with tools like Woodpecker, Lemlist (for cold outsignNow) or MailChimp, Mailerlite(for newsletter, with built in A/B testing suite), which collect data, and provide useful automation tools.Just like in website testing, you want to focus on the things that have the most impact, and test one thing at a time. For example, don’t send two different email versions with two different subject lines to two different target groups, because a test like this won’t give you any conclusive results.But test one cold email campaign on two different target groups, and you’ll be able to see which one converts more. Or test two subject lines in your campaign, and you’ll see which one generates more opens.A/B Test SurveysLet’s move on to A/B testing in customer surveys and feedback forms.This is a tricky one, because it can involve a bit of website and / or email testing. You can A/B test different versions of questions in your surveys, but you can also test how (and when) you ask your customers to fill out your survey.To start with, you can use a basic tool like Google Forms to create your surveys, and perform tests like:Send survey to one half of users right after sign-up, and a week after the sign-up to the second halfAsk one half of users to fill in customer survey on a post sign-up web page, and the other half in a post sign-up emailSend a different survey (for instance one limited only to most important questions, and one with additional questions) to each half of your customer baseBut you can turn it up to 11 (Spinal Tap references, anybody?), and use customer feedback software like Feedier which will enable you to use one platform to test:What questions you should askWhere and when your users/customers are most likely to click on your surveyHow you should reward users for giving feedbackWhat should be the frequency of your feedback loop—We have more articles about this content on our blog at feedier.com/blog.
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If people have guns for protection, why don’t they ever use it to protect against a mass shooter? How do they handle a surprise
“If people have guns for protection, why don’t they never use it to protect against a mass shooter?”Well let’s look at some of the deadliest mass shootings in the U.S.Las Vegas shootingYear: 2017Deaths: 58 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 851 (422 from gunfire)The perpetrator opened fire from the 32nd floor of a hotel into the streets below. Yeah, you aren’t going to be able to even see that guy from the ground, much less tag him with a handgun. Not to mention that attempting to return fire would be completely unsafe and unethical, seeing as there are countless innocents in the hotel that you could accidentally hit. So in this case, there likely were several people armed with concealed weapons in the general area, but circumstances prevented any meaningful retaliation.Orlando nightclub shootingYear: 2016Deaths: 49 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 53Man, if only someone could have been armed, maybe something could have been done. But you see, in the state of Florida (and most others), it is illegal to carry a firearm into an establishment that serves alcohol (a.k.a. bars/clubs). So the law abiding citizens were all unarmed. The only person armed was the assailant. I guess he didn’t see the “no guns allowed” sign, otherwise it would have been impossible for him to kill 49 people ¯\_(ツ)_/¯.Virginia Tech shootingYear: 2007Deaths: 32 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 23 (17 from gunfire)Directly from the Virginia Tech Campus and Workplace Violence Prevention Policy: “The university’s employees, students, and volunteers, or any visitor or other third party attending a sporting, entertainment, or educational event, or visiting an academic or administrative office building, dining facility, or residence hall, are further prohibited from carrying, maintaining, or storing a firearm, ammunition, or weapon on any university facility, even if the owner has a valid permit, when it is not required by the individual’s job, or in accordance with the relevant University Policies for Student Life. This prohibition applies to all events on campus where people congregate in any public or outdoor areas.” So law abiding citizens are not allowed to be armed in this area. Well darn.Sandy Hook Elementary School shootingYear: 2012Deaths: 27 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 2Sandy Hook Elementary is a public school. Carrying a firearm in a federal office or workplace (including but not limited to publicly/state owned schools) is a felony offense. Unfortunately the perpetrator wasn’t worried about being labeled a felon, seeing as, you know, he killed himself. A criminal record doesn’t really follow you into the afterlife, but I digress. At Sandy Hook, none of the law abiding citizens were armed, because it would be illegal. Starting to notice a pattern here? Any sort of recurring theme?Sutherland Springs church shootingYear: 2017Deaths: 26 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 20Unfortunately nobody was armed at Sutherland Springs Church. Can you guess why? That’s right, at the time of the shooting, it was illegal to carry a handgun in any recognized place of religious worship in the state of Texas. Just a few months ago in May of 2019, a bill was passed that now allows firearms to be carried in church by those that are lawfully permitted to do so in other public places (i.e. people with carry permits).Worthy of note, a local gun owner that was NOT in attendance at Sutherland Springs DID hear the nearby shooting and DID take action with his AR-15, wounding the perpetrator, ultimately putting an end to the shooter’s spree.Luby's shootingYear: 1991Deaths: 23 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 27At the time of the shooting, it was prohibited in the state of Texas to carry a concealed weapon in a restaurant (such as Luby’s Cafeteria), so none of the victims or witnesses were armed. Dr. Suzanna Gratia-Hupp, one of the people present at the time of the shooting, claims to have had a gun in her vehicle in the parking lot, but it was too far away to be of any use. She was fearful of the repercussions of the law for carrying a firearm into a restaurant, so she was unable to use it. George W. Bush did away with the restaurant gun restriction during his time in office in Texas.San Ysidro McDonald's massacreYear: 1984Deaths: 21 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 19As far as I know, you CAN carry in many McDonald’s locations. I can’t speak to this one in particular, as each McDonald’s location can have different policies, and this location has been shut down since 1984. But it should be noted that in the state of California today, only about .2% of the population have concealed carry permits, and half of them are concentrated in 7 counties. San Diego, the county this McDonalds was located in, is not among those counties, so it is highly unlikely that anyone was armed. A large number of the victims and employees were also under the legal age of licensed carry, further adding to the unlikelihood of armed victims. The perpetrator was taken down by a SWAT sniper.University of Texas tower shootingYear: 1966Deaths: 17 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 31At the time of the shooting, firearms were not permitted on the grounds of Texan Universities. No victims were armed.Stoneman Douglas High School shootingYear: 2018Deaths: 17Injuries: 17High School. No one was armed.Edmond post office shootingYear: 1986Deaths: 14 (plus 1 perp.)Injuries: 6Sherrill goes postal. One of the most infamous mass shootings in U.S. history, still holds the #10 spot in the list of deadliest U.S. mass shootings (tied with two others). The USPS is an agency of the Executive Branch; therefore, USPS offices are government offices, and thus it is illegal to carry in a USPS office. No victims were armed.So out of the top 10 mass shootings in the nation’s history, 8 of them occurred in “Gun-Free Zones,” locations where it is legally prohibited for law abiding citizens to carry firearms, regardless of if the citizen is licensed to carry. In the top deadliest shooting, the shooter was far beyond the range of retaliation and utilized collateral persons and property as cover, making it unethical for any law abiding, firearm licensed citizen to return fire. And in 1 of the top ten, where concealed carry was likely legal, it is statistically improbable that anyone present was actually licensed.Those are the facts. Draw whatever conclusions you may.As a final note on this part of the question, I would like to add that persons licensed to carry firearms are by no means obligated to take action in a crisis situation. Licensed firearm carriers are just ordinary people living ordinary lives. The only thing that sets a licensed firearm carrier apart from non-licensed persons is that when they pick up their car keys in the morning, they also pick up a gun. That gun typically stays on their belt for the rest of the day, and then sits in a drawer/safe for the night. Licensed firearm carriers are NOT the crime fighters, they are NOT heroes, and they are NOT unhinged. They are just regular people, and regular people all respond differently in the face of sudden violence. Some may be inclined to take action to protect themselves and others, and some may decide to flee. Fight or flight is a strong biological influence, and we are all affected by that part of our nature.Furthermore, firearm carriers are actually legally incentivized to NOT utilize their firearm in a live shooter situation. No matter the circumstance, there are going to be big lawsuits and cases following any sort of shooting, regardless of if the shooting was in self defense or the defense of others. A licensed carrier could easily lose their license or face prison time if details of the situation are even slightly grey.It should also be noted that when asking such a question as “why don’t gun carriers take action to stop shootings,” that the asker has the luxury of hindsight. Sure, after the shooting has taken place, it is easy to say who the shooter was and who could have theoretically stopped that shooter. But in the moment of the shooting, there is a lot of confusion, panic, and sheer chaos. The people actually in these situations often have a very difficult time discerning exactly what is happening, who is shooting who, etc. Unless you are 100% certain what is going on, you cannot justifiably take action and start retaliating. For all you know, the “shooter” is actually another concealed carrier who is engaged with the perpetrator. You could also easily get mixed up with the police, who then think YOU are the shooter (just look at the case of E. J. Bradford). So unless you were there, you don’t really have much room to judge how any one particular person responded. You have every right to seek knowledge and understanding on the subject, but I would suggest you be respectful and open minded.“How do they handle a surprise attack?”They don’t. You can’t do anything to prepare for an attack that you don’t know is coming. You just have to hope and pray that you get some kind of warning, in which case the better armed you are, the better your chances are of overcoming your assailant. Carrying a gun doesn’t make you invincible, it just tilts the scale in your favor. Sometimes it helps a lot, sometimes just a little, and sometimes not at all. But it very rarely ever hurts. For those that carry, they feel that the benefits of carrying a gun outweighs any downsides (that of course is only weighing on the self-defense applications of carrying a firearm; there are also political and ideological reasons for owning and maintaining a firearm(s), but such considerations are not relevant to the questions asked.)EDIT: I also want to add a pertinent fact that I neglected: only about 6% of the entire United States population are licensed to carry, and if that 6%, even less actually carry on a daily basis. So the likelihood of the right people being in the right place at the right time is very slim.If you are unfamiliar with the licensing process in your state, I recommend you look into to it. Even if you aren't interested in applying for one, it can never hurt to be informed. You might even find that it is fairly simple to apply in your state, and might even consider applying just to understand the process. If you get a license, you don't have to carry or even own a gun, but it can never hurt to have it and not use it. Just some things to consider.EDIT 2: Craig in the comments made a very good point that I neglected to mention: when someone DOES stop a shooting with their own firearm(s), no record is left of the “mass shooting,” because the mass shooting was prevented. By the very nature of such incidents, there are no precise records of these preventive cases. However, the CDC did put out a report in the ’90s that estimated firearms are used defensively about 2.5 million times each year, so some number of those incidents could have been mass shootings being prevented. We can never say for sure, because it is impossible to keep records of things that DIDN’T happen.EDIT 3: Mike in the comments points out that the Las Vegas shooting DID actually take place in not one, but two gun free zones; the shooter was in a “weapons free” hotel, and he shot mostly into a “weapons free” festival. So actually 9/10 of the shootings took place in “gun-free zones.”
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What should I expect at the ISRO interview for the post of Scientist/Engineer SC (Mechanical)?
My Interview for ISRO held at NRSC, Hyderabad on 13-Dec-2016. I was asked to report at 8 a.m. morning and my interview begin at around 12 noon. It went for about 25 min and panel members were throwing questions. There were 7 members in panels including one at center (probably director) and 5 out of 7 asked me question and 2 did’nt. The interview was not that much stressful and also not that much supportive.I entered the room and wished Good morning to all the members.Director: You are passed out in 2016 from B.C.E.T Gurdaspur.Me: Yes sirDirector: where is this college?Me: Punjab, Near Pathankot.Director: Is it a government college or private college?Me: Govt. college…. Punjab Govt.Director: What are you doing then after graduating?Me: Pursuing M.Tech from IIT Bombay.Director: Which stream?Me: Aerospace Propulsion.Director: Okay we will ask you about your B.Tech first and then come to your M.Tech later.Me: Okay sir.Director: So you have done two projects in your B.tech.Me: one project I did as an academic project at my college and other I did at DRDL, Hyderabad when I was a Trainee there.Director: First tell me about your Project at DRDL.ME: This project ‘Experimental simulation of flame holding in air-breathing engines’ was particularly to simulate the combustion within the air-breathing engines particularly ramjets and to study about various kind of flames around us, there mechanism of formation, lifting criteria, blow off, flash back. Further CFD analysis was done so as to compare with the experimental results for the simulation.Director: So you did CFD analysis.Me: yes sirDirector: This project is computational or experimental.Me: BothDirector: ok, then which solver you used for the CFD analysis.Me: FluentDirector: How you did it. Please explain on board.I the draw the complete domain and the I draw the flame holder and told him about cavity and mesh generation and the told him about the Boundary conditions at inlet and exit and the told him about the materials used.Director: you did it assuming laminar or turbulent flow?Me: laminar flow using k-e model.Director: How?Me: Sorry sir, Turbulent flow using k-e model.Director: You should tell this clearly. Is this reacting or non-reacting flow?Me: Non-reacting. simple air is considered.Flow past the flame holder.Director: Now draw the velocity profile after the v-gutter and above the mean line.I was trying but I was unable to draw and I told him about the velocity-vector in the re-circulation zone.Director : That is ok but you have not drawn the velocity profile yet.Me: That I don’t know.Director: Okay then.Another panel member started to ask me the question.Member 1 : what was your other project?Me: Paddy Grains threshing machine.Then I draw the complete mechanism on the board.Member 2 : Did it worked?Me: Yes we fabricated it.Member 2: What were the design parameters?Me: I designed it considering the bending strength of the shaft.Member 2 gave me a case that if certain amount of force is applied to the pedal then how much will signNow to thresh the paddy. I gave him the complete explanation that how to do it and was satisfied with my answer.Member 3 : If I consider the pedal as a beam can you draw the FBD.I tried it assuming the beam but when I fixed the both ends, he said it is wrong.Member 3 : How can you assume both the end of pedal to be fixed. Its wrong.Member 4: What do you know about air-breathing engines?Me: Those engines which takes the air from atmosphere for combustion are air-breathing engines.Member 4 : ISRO did some recent activity on air-breathing engines. Do you know?Me: Yes sir, they tested a scramjet at speed of Mach 6.Member 4 : what is the difference between Ramjet and a scramjet engine?Me: In Ramjet, the air is diffused to subsonic speed before entering the combustion chamber and then further expanded through nozzle while in scramjet the air remains supersonic throughout.Member 4: Which fuel is used?Me: Hydrocarbon fuel and Hydrogen fuel both can be used.Member 4: Which is better ? Hydrogen or Kerosene.Me: Hydrogen, because it has more specific impulse.Member 4 : Why hydrogen has more specific impulse?Me: Because the atomization and mixing in air stream is much faster for H2 rather than kerosene.Director: The answer that is correct but since you are doing M.Tech we were expecting something more from you. You must have done a course on Propulsion in 1st semester.Me: yesDirector: Then you should know.Member 4 : What is problem with hydrogen? Do you know?Me: we need to liquefy it to store other wise it will take huge volume.Member 4 : What is the temperature to liquefy hydrogen?Me: That is something…….Then Member 4 mummer something with director and they started laughing.Member 4 : Do you know how the combustion happens in the scramjet?I started it by drawing the intake of scramjet and told them that there is an oblique shock due to which the flow turns by some amount without being slowed down. Member 4 pointed out the mistake that the tip or the cowl can be rounded in scramjet and started laughing. I corrected it.Member 5 : You have done some course on CNC Machines.Me: Yes what sir?Member 5 : Have you done that course or not or some one else has done?Me: Yes Sir.Member 5 : How many axes are there in the machine?Me: There are machine with 4-axes, 5-axes, 6-axes.Member 5: On which you worked how many were there?Me: 4-axesMember 5 : Single point cutting tool moves in which direction? Horizontal or vertical.I tried to explain all the axes by drawing on the board.Member 5: No need to draw just give me verbal answer.Me: X-directionMember 5 : ‘X’ okay.Director: Okay now come to flame holder and if this is used in scramjet then what will happen.Me: Since the flow in the scramjet will supersonic throughout thus there will be some detached oblique shocks ahead of v-gutter and characteristics of this oblique shock can be found out using theta-beta curve.Director: Okay thankyouI hope this will help you for your preparation.
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