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Invite eSignature Form Fast. Investigate probably the most user-warm and friendly experience with airSlate SignNow. Control your entire document finalizing and sharing method digitally. Range from portable, pieces of paper-based and erroneous workflows to programmed, electronic digital and faultless. It is simple to make, deliver and sign any paperwork on any system anyplace. Be sure that your airSlate SignNow organization circumstances don't slip overboard.
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Moving your duties into airSlate SignNow is simple. What follows is a straightforward procedure to Invite eSignature Form Fast, together with recommendations to keep your fellow workers and associates for far better partnership. Encourage the employees with the best resources to be on top of organization functions. Enhance efficiency and scale your company speedier.
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FAQs
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Are you aware that electronic signatures are very trustworthy?
Building trust with technology isn’t quite as easy as falling backward into someone’s arms. Unless you have a technical background, cybersecurity can be difficult to grasp.Most people are comfortable with ink signatures, but it’s a common misconception that just because a document has been signed with ink, it’s safe, secure and valid. In fact, without physically meeting and talking with the signer.For example, if you’ve never seen the signer’s signature before, how do you know it is actually their signature? If you know what the signature is supposed to look like, how do you know the one in front of you wasn't forged? And if the signature is on the last page of a multi-page document, how do you know that something in the preceding pages was not altered after the document was signed?The reality of e-signatures – especially independent e-signatures, in which the evidence of their validity is embedded in the signed document – is that they are more trustworthy than traditional ink signatures.Offer Transparency and ControlIn the same way, building trust means providing all the facts. If signers have access to the entire signing process from a comprehensive audit trail, they’re able to keep close watch over their transaction and its process from identity authentication to opening and reviewing documents to signing.Use Trusted TechnologyPeople trust those who are trustworthy. Companies that use e-signature technology that goes above and beyond security requirements will naturally win over the trust.Educate DownstreamNo matter how many thousands of dollars e-signatures will save your company, for an e-signature solution to be successful at every level, you must educate everyone involved in the importance your e-signature provider places on security and independence.
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What are some great online tools for startups? Why?
Startups need something that can give then maximum at minimum invest because the number of risks is always high! We understand all your needs and hence we have got this product for you- PayUnow!Be it any startup: food, automobiles, e-commerce, travel, IT, education or homemakers, this one is for you! It is available for FREE for Android and iOS users. Let customers discover you as you upload pictures of delicacies. To collect online payments easily, anytime and anywhere, all you have to do is share a unique business link or website which you will create with us for FREE! Here’s why you should download the app NOW:It is FREEAllows you to create a business website with zero maintenance costHas the lowest TDR in the market i.e 1.99+GST!Lets you showcase your productsAllow you to add contact details and locationMultiple payment options supportedYour customers do not need an app! All you need to accept payments directly in your bank is one link: you can choose this link for FREE!Quick and paperless bank verification and documentationPayUnow is a product of India’s largest Fintech Company- PayU! Join the communtiy of 4.5 lakhs+ businesses like you! We look forward to empowering the SMBs and give them a relief from the hassles of payments so that the only thing you need to focus is your business growth! We are continuously creating a guide to assist you with the best. Learn how to sign up, edit, share and verify by visiting here:
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What is a comprehensive list of fast web tools to get your startup online?
There’s a big list of free start-up resources organized by Ali Mese that got super popular on Product Hunt. Surprised it’s not listed here already.Keep in mind, all these tools are all free to use. There are other resources like Crew to get quick, reliably well-done dev/design work done, but if you’re on a shoestring budget, these bad boys are your new best friends:BusinessFREE WEBSITEHTML5 UP: Responsive HTML5 and CSS3 site templates.Bootswatch: Free themes for Bootstrap.Templated: A collection of 845 free CSS & HTML5 site templates.WordPress.org | WordPress.com: Create your new website for free.Strikingly: Free, unlimited mobile optimized websites for strikingly domains.Layers: A WordPress site builder so simple. It’s free, forever.Bootstrap Zero: The largest open-source, free Bootstrap template collection.Landing Harbor: Promote your mobile app with a free landing page.FREE BRANDING & LOGOLogaster: Professional online logo maker & generator.Hipster Logo Generator: It’s Hip, It’s Current, It’s Stylish, It’s Hipster.Squarespace Free Logo: You can download free low-res version for free.Signature Maker: A free web based tool that creates your handwritten digital signature.FREE INVOICEInvoice to me: Free Invoice Generator.Free Invoice Generator: Alternative free invoice generator.Slimvoice: Insanely simple invoices.Wave: Free & easy accounting, invoicing and more.Invoice.to: Free invoice generator.FREE LEGAL DOCSKiss: Free legal docs for startup founders and investor.Docracy: An open collection of free legal documents.Shake: Create, sign and send legally binding agreements in seconds. Free for personal use.FREE IDEA MANAGEMENTExperiment Board: Test your startup idea without wasting time or money.Germ.io: Get from idea to execution.Skitch: Your ideas become reality faster.FREE BUSINESS / PROJECT NAME GENERATORSThe Name App: Find an available name for your brilliant idea.Naminum: Discover a perfect company name.Short Domain Search: Find short, available single-word domain names.Wordoid: Pick a short and catchy name for your business.Hipster Business Name: Hipster business name generator.Impossibility: The best domain name generator ever.Lean Domain Search: Find a domain name for your website in seconds.Domainr: Fast, free, domain name search, short URLs.MarketingFREE WRITING / BLOGGINGHemingway: Hemingway App makes your writing bold and clear.Grammarly: Finds & corrects mistakes of your writing.Medium: Everyone’s stories and ideas.ZenPen: The minimal writing tool of web.Liberio: Simple eBook creation and publishing right from Google Drive.Editorial Calendar: See all your posts, drag & drop to manage your blog.Story Wars: Writing stories together.WP Hide Post: Control the visibility of items on your blog.Social Locker: Ask visitors “to pay” for your content with a tweet, etc.Egg Timer: Set a time and bookmark it for repeated use.BlankPage: Writing made simple.Wattpad: The world’s largest community for readers and writers.Known: A single site for the content you create.Wattpad: The world’s largest community for readers and writers.Dbook: Structured and collaborative writing for large documents.CoSchedule: Blog post headline analyzer.A5.gg: When you return your text will still be here.Free Summarizer: Summarize any text online in just a few seconds.FIND (TRENDING) CONTENT (IDEAS)Portent: Content idea generator.Google Trends: A new way of displaying trending searches.Buzzsumo: Analyze what content performs best for any topic or competitor.Hubspot Blog Topic Generator: Custom blog ideas.Swayy: Discover the most engaging content. Free for 1 dashboard user.Others: Google+ What’s Hot | Twitter Trending | Quora | Reddit |Ruzzit: Find the most shared content on the web.FREE SEO + WEBSITE ANALYZERSOpen Site Explorer: A comprehensive tool for link analysis.Ahrefs: Site explorer & backlink checker.Quick Sprout: Complete analysis of your website.WordPress SEO by Yoast: Have a fully optimized WordPress site.SEO Site Checkup: SCheck your website’s SEO problems for free.Hubspot Marketing Grader: Grade your marketing.SimilarWeb: Analyze website statistics for any domain.Alexa Ranking: Analytical insights to analyze any site’s rank.SERPs Rank Checker: Free keyword rank & SERP checker.OpenLinkProfiler: The freshest backlinks, for free.Keywordtool.io: Free alternative to Google Keyword Planner.Google: Analytics | Keyword Planner | Webmaster Tools | Trends |Nibbler: Test any website.Browseo: How search engines see your website.Broken Links: Find broken links, redirects & more.Copyscape: Search for copies of your page on the web.Google Pagespeed Insights: Check the performance of your site.Pingdom: Test & the load time of a site.GTMetrics: Analyze your page’s speed performance.Moz Local: Check your local listings on Google, Bing, and others.XML Sitemaps: Sitemap generator that creates XML & HTML variants.Shopify E-commerce Report: Get your free Ecommerce report.W3C validator: Easy-to-use markup validation service.FREE IMAGE OPTIMIZERSTinyJPG | TinyPNG: Compress images.Compressor.io: Optimize and compress your images online.Kraken: Optimize your images & accelerate your websites.ImageOptimizer: Resize, compress and optimize your image files.ImageOptim: Makes images take up less disk space & load faster.Smush.it: Image optimizer WordPress plugin.Dunnnk: Beautiful mockups.InstaMockup: Create beautiful screenshots of your app or website.FREE IMAGE EDITORSCanva: Amazingly simple graphic design for bloggers.Pixlr: Pixlr Editor is a robust browser photo editor.Skitch: Get your point across with fewer words.Easel.ly: Empowers anyone to create & share powerful visuals.Social Image Resizer Tool: Create optimized images for social media.Placeit: Free product mockups & templates.Recite: Turn a quote into a visual masterpiece.Meme Generator: The first online meme generator.Pablo: Design engaging images for your social media posts in under 30 seconds.FREE EMAIL MANAGEMENTContact form 7: Famous WordPress plugin to collect email addresses.Mailchimp: Send 12,000 emails to 2,000 subscribers for free.ManyContactsBar: Free contact form sits on top of your website.Hello Bar: Get more email subscribers.Sumome List Builder: Collect email addresses with light box popover.Scroll Triggered Box: Boost your conversion rates — Wordpress only.Sumome Scroll Box: Capture more email addresses, politely.Mandrill: The fastest way to deliver email. Free 12K emails/month.Mailgun: The Email Service For Developers. Free 10K emails/month.Sendgrid: Delivers your transactional and marketing email. Free 12K emails/month.Sendinblue: Free 9K emails/month.Mailtrack: The best free email tracking solution.Beefree: Free Email editor to build responsive design messages.Canned Emails: A minimal site with prewritten emails.FREE GUIDES & COURSESPrimer: No-nonsense, jargon-free marketing lessons (by Google).KeepYourFriendsClose: A free e-book about maximizing Customer Lifetime Value.Pricing Course: A free 9 day course on charging what you’re worth.Email Course for Sponsorships: How to get sponsorships for anything.Startup Sales Course: A free course to help you become a better marketer.Build an online course: A free course to help you build an online course.MailCharts: A FREE email course to help you become a better marketer.FirstSiteGuide: The beginner’s guide to successful blogging.FREE SOCIAL MEDIA + COMMUNITY MANAGEMENTWriteRack: The best way to tweetstorm.Spruce: Make Twitter ready images in seconds.Click To Tweet: Get more shares on your content.MyTweetLinks: Increases Twitter traffic.Latergram: Easily plan & schedule your Instagram posts.WordPress Pin it Button for Images: Add a “Pin It” button.SharedCount: Track URL shares, likes, tweets, and more.How Many Shares Count how many shares a URL has across most social networks, all in one place.Justunfollow: Follow / unfollow people on Twitter & Instagram.SocialRank: Identify, organize, and manage your followers on Twitter.Klout: Social media influence score on browser extension.Ritetag: Instant hashtag analysis.Social Analytics: Interactions for a URL on most social platforms.Buffer Free Plan: Schedule posts to Twitter, Facebook, Linkedin, Google+.Bitly: Create, share, and track shortened links.Filament: A free beautiful and customizable sharing bar.Addthis: Get more shares, follows and conversions.Sumome Share: Auto-optimizes your share buttons for max traffic.Digg Digg: Your all in one share buttons plugin.Disqus: Build a community of active readers & commenters.App Review Monitor: App reviews delivered to Slack and your inbox.Presskit Generator: Generate a Press Kit for your iOS App for free.Free Survey Creator: Create a survey. Get user feedback for free.FREE CUSTOMER SERVICE & SURVEYSTypeform: Free beautiful online survey & form builder.Tally: Create polls in no time.Free Survey Creator: Create a survey. Get user feedback for free.Batch: The first-ever 100% free engagement platform for mobile apps.Helprace: Customer service tool. Free for up to 3 agents for small support teams.A/B TESTS & GROWTH HACKINGPetit Hacks: Acquisition, retention, & revenue hacks used by companies.Optimizely: One optimization platform for websites and mobile apps.Hello Bar: Tool for A/B testing different CTAs & power words.GrowthHackers: Unlocking growth. Together.Design & CodeFREE DESIGN RESOURCESFreebbble: High-quality design freebies from Dribbble.Dribbble: Dribbble search results for “freebie”. An absolute freebie treasure.Graphic Burger: Tasty design resources made with care for each pixel.Pixel Buddha: Free and premium resources for professional community.Premium Pixels: Free Stuff for Creative Folk.Fribbble: Free PSD resources by Dribbblers curated by Gilbert Pellegrom.Freebiesbug: Latest free PSDs & other resources for designers.365 Psd: Download a free psd every day.Dbf: Dribbble & Behance best design freebies.Marvel: Free resources from designers we love.UI Space: High quality hand-crafted Freebies for awesome people.Free Section of Pixeden: Free design resources.Free Section of Creative Market: Freebies coming out every monday.Teehan+Lax: iOS 8 GUI PSD (iPhone 6).Teehan+Lax: iPad GUI PSD.Freepik: iFree graphic resources for everyone.Tech&All: PSD, Tech News, and other resources for free.Tethr: The most beautiful IOS design KIT ever.Web3Canvas: PSD Freebies, HTML Snippets, Inspirations & Tutorials.SketchAppResources: Free graphical resources.Placeit Freebies: Freebies delivered right to your Dropbox.COLOR PICKERSMaterial Palette: Generate & export your Material Design color palette.New Flat UI Color Picker: Best flat colors for UI design.Flat UI Colors: Beautiful flat colors.Coolors: Super fast color schemes generator for cool designers.Skala Color: An extraordinary color picker for designers and developers.Material UI Colors: Material ui color palette for Android, Web & iOS.Colorful Gradients: Gradients automatically created by a computer.Adaptive Backgrounds: Extract dominant colours from images.Brand Colors: Colors used by famous brands.Paletton: The color scheme designer.0 to 255: A simple tool that helps web designers find variations of any color.Colour Lovers: Create & share colors, palettes, and patterns.signNow Color CC: Color combinations from the Kuler community.Bootflat: Perfect colors for flat designs.Hex Colorrrs: Hex to RGB converter.Get UI Colors: Get awesome UI colors.Coleure: Smart color picker.Colllor: Color palette generator.Palette for Chrome: Creates a color palette from any image.PLTTS: Free color picker.INSPIRATIONMoodboard: Build a beautiful moodboard and share the result.MaterialUp: Daily material design inspiration.FLTDSGN: Daily showcase of the best flat UI design websites and apps.Site Inspire: Web design inspiration.UI Cloud: The largest user interface design database in the world.Crayon: The most comprehensive collection of marketing designs.Land-Book: Product landing pages gallery.Ocean: A community of designers sharing feedback.Dribbble: Show and tell for designers.Behance: Showcase & discover creative work.Pttrns: Mobile user interface patterns.Flat UI Design: Useful Pinterest board.Awwwards: The awards for design, creativity and innovation.The Starter Kit: Curated resources for developers and designers.One Page Love: Resource for one page website inspiration.UI Parade: User interface design tools and design inspiration.The Best Designs: The best of web design.Agile Designers: Best resources for designers & developers.Niice: A search engine with taste.FREE STOCK PHOTOGRAPHYUnsplash: Best free (do whatever you want) high-resolution photos.Stock Up: Free stock photo websites in one place.Pexels: Free photos in one place.All The Free Stock: Free stock images, icons, and videos.Splashbase: Search & discover free, hi res photos & videos.Startup Stock Photos: Go. Make something.Jay Mantri: Free pics. do anything (CC0). Make magic.Moveast: This is a journey of a portuguese guy moving east.Travel Coffee Book: Sharing beautiful travel moments.Designers Pics: Free photographs for your personal & commercial use.Death to the Stock Photo: Free photos sent to you every month.Foodie’s Feed: Free food pictures in hi-res.Mazwai: Free creative commons HD video clips & footages.Jéshoots: New modern free photos.Super Famous: Photos by Dutch interaction designer Folkert Gorter.Pixabay: Free high quality images.Super Famous: Photos by Dutch interaction designer Folkert Gorter.Picography: Free hi-resolution photos.Pixabay: Free high quality images.Magdeleine: A free high-resolution photo every day.Snapographic: Free stock photos for personal & commercial use.Little Visuals: 7 hi-res images in your inbox every 7 days.Splitshire: Delicious free stock photos.New Old Stock: Vintage photos from the public archives.Picjumbo: Totally free photos.Life of Pix: Free high-resolution photos.Gratisography: Free high-resolution photos.Getrefe: Free photos.IM Free: A curated collection of free resources.Cupcake: A photographer’s treat by Jonas Nilsson Lee.The Pattern Library Free patterns for your projects.Public Domain Archive: New 100% free stock photos.ISO Republic: High-quality, free photos for creatives.Stokpic: Totally free photos.Kaboompics: The best way to get free photos.Function: Free photo packs.MMT: Free stock photos by Jeffrey Betts.Paul Jarvis: Free high-resolution photos.Lock & Stock Photos: Free stock photos for you.Raumrot: Free high-resolution picture.Bucketlistly: A free creative common collection of travel photos.Some more websites: Free Digital Photos | Morguefile | Public Domain Pictures | Free Stockvault | ImageFree | Rgbstock | Dreamstime | FreeImages | FreeRangeImages | FreePhotosBankDeal Jumbo samplers: here | here | here | here | here | here | here | here | here | hereDribbble samplers: here | here | here | here | here | here | here | hereGraphic Burger samplers: here | here | here | here | here | here | hereStockSnap: Beautiful free stock photos.Unfinished Business: Free stock photos featuring Vince Vaughn.Free Nature Stock: Royalty-free Nature Stock Photos. Use them however you want.FREE TYPOGRAPHYTypeGenius: Find the perfect font combo for your next project.Font Squirrel: 100% free commercial fonts.FontFaceNinja: Browser extension to find the web fonts a site uses.Google Fonts: Free, open-source fonts optimized for the web.Beautiful Web Type: Best typefaces from the Google web fonts directory.DaFont: Archive of freely downloadable fonts.1001 Free Fonts: A huge selection of free fonts.FontPark: The web’s largest archive of free fonts.Font-to-width: Fit pieces of text snugly within their containers.signNow Edge Fonts: The free, easy way to get started with web fonts.Typekit: A limited collection of fonts to use on a website or in applications.FREE ICONSFontello: Icon fonts generator.Flat Icon: A search engine for 16000+ glyph vector icons.Material Design Icons: 750 Free open-source glyphs by Google.Font Awesome: The iconic font and CSS toolkit.Glyphsearch: Search for icons from other icon databases.MakeAppIcon: Generate App Icons of all sizes with a click.Endless Icons: Free flat icons and creative stuff.Ico Moon: 4000+ free vector icons, icon generator.The Noun Project: Thousands of glyph icons from different artists.Perfect Icons: A social icon creation tool.Icon Finder: Free icon section of the website.Free Round Icons: Doodle Set | Flat Set | Vector Line SetIcon Sweets: 60 free vector Photoshop icons.Make Appicon: Generate App Icons of ALL sizes with a click.App Icon Template: Royalty free app icon creator for iOS, OS X and Android.SmartIcons: Download 1450 premium icons for free.Ego Icons: 100 Free vector icons with a clean look and feel.FlatIcons: Free flat icon customizer, royalty free.To(icon): Free icons.FREE USEFUL STUFFUI Names: Generate random names for use in designs and mockups.UI Faces: Find and generate sample avatars for user interfaces.Copy Paste Character: Click to copy.Window Resizer: See how it looks on various screen resolutions.Sonics: Free packs of UI sounds and sound effects delivered to your inbox every month.FREE DEVELOP / CODE THINGSHive: First free unlimited cloud service in the world.GitHub: Build software better, together.BitBucket: Git and Mercurial code management for teamsChisel: Chisel offers an unlimited number of fossil repositories.Visual Studio: Comprehensive collection of developer tools and services.Landscape: Landscape is an early warning system for your Python codebase.Swiftype: Add great search to any website. Free with limitations.Keen.io: Gather all the data you want & start getting the answers you need.Coveralls: Test coverage history and statistics.LingoHub: Free for Small Teams, Open Source usage and Educational projects.Codacy: Continuous Static Analysis designed to complement your unit tests.Searchcode: Search over 20 billion lines of code.TinyCert: Free SSL certificates for your startup.StartSSL: Free SSL certificates.Opbeat: The first ops platform for developers. Free for small teams.Pingdom: Website monitoring. Free for one website.Rollbar: Full-stack error monitoring for all apps in any language.Loggly: Simplify Log Management Forever. Free for one user.Devport: Get your developer portfolio.Getting Real: The smarter way to build web apps. A free book by 37signals.Peek: Get a free, 5-minute video of someone using your site.Creator: Build better Ionic apps, faster.DevFreeCasts: A huge collection of free screencasts for developers.Cody: A free library of HTML, CSS, JS nuggets.ProductivityBACKGROUND SOUND TO FOCUSNoisli: Background noise & color generator.Noizio: Ambient sound equalizer for relax or productivity.Defonic: Combine the sounds of the world into a melody.Designers.mx: Curated playlists by designers, for designers.Coffitivity: Stream the sounds of a coffee shop at work.Octave: A free library of UI sounds, handmade for iOS.Free Sound: Huge database of free audio snippets, samples, + recordings.Sonics: Free packs of UI sounds and sound effects delivered to your inbox every month.Deep Focus: Spotify’s famous playlist to focus.AVOID DISTRACTIONSelf Control: Mac: free application to help you avoid distracting websites.Cold Turkey: Windows: temporarily block yourself off of distracting websites.ORGANIZE & COLLABORATETrello: Keeps track of everything.Evernote: The workspace for your life’s work.Dropbox: Free space up to 2GB.Yanado: Tasks management inside Gmail.Wetransfer: Free transfer up to 2GB.Drp.io: Free, fast, private and easy image and file hosting.Pocket: View later, put it in Pocket.Raindrop: Mac app for bookmarking and reading it later.Flowdock: Free for teams of five and non-profits.Typetalk: Share and discuss ideas with your team through instant messaging.Slack: Free for unlimited users with few limited features.HipChat: Free for unlimited users with few limited features.Google Hangouts: Bring conversations to life with photos, emoji and group video calls.Voveet: Simple, free 3D conference calls. Experience the difference.FreeBusy: Eliminate coordination headaches when you need to schedule a meeting.RealTimeBoard: Your regular whiteboard, re-thought for the best online experience.Witkit: Witkit is the secure platform for teams. 50GB of free encrypted data storage.Any.do: Get things done with your team.Asana: Teamwork without email.GoToMeeting: Online meetings without the hassle.DIGITAL NOMADS & REMOTE WORKINGFounded X Startup Stats: Find the best country to build your startup inTeleport: Startup Cities: Discover and budget your next move to 100+ startup cities.Nomad House: Houses around the world for nomads to live and work together.Workfrom: Coffee, WiFi and good vibes.Lastroom: Simplifying your team travel managementNomadlist: The best cities to live and work remotely.What’s It Like: Helping travelers figure out WHEN to go.Nomad Jobs: The best remote jobs at the best startups.LearnDISCOVER TOOLS & STARTUPSProduct Hunt: Curation of the best new products, every day.Angellist: Where the world meets startups.Beta List: Discover and get early access to tomorrow’s startups.StartupLi.st: Find. Follow. Recommend startups.Startups List: Collections of the best startups in different places.Erli Bird: Where great new products are born.BUILD TOGETHERAssembly: Co-create new ideas no matter where they are.CoFoundersLab: Find a co-founder in any city, any industry.Founder2be: Find a co-founder for your startup.LEARNCoursera: Free online classes from 80+ top universities & organizations.Khan Academy: Free, world-class education for anyone, anywhere.Skillshare: Unlock your creativity with free online classes & projects.Codecademy: Learn to code interactively, for free.How to start a startup: As an Audio Podcast or As Online CourseStartup Notes: Startup School invites amazing founders to tell their story.The How: Learn from entrepreneurs.Make This Year: Guide to help you launch your online business.Closed Club: Browse shut-down start-ups & learn why they closed down.Startup Talks: A curated collection of startup related videos.Rocketship.fm: Learn from successful entrepreneurs each week.reSRC.io: All free programming learning resources.The Lean LaunchPad: How to Build a Startup.TalentBuddy: Learn to code.Mixergy: Learn from proven entrepreneurs.Hackdesign: Receive a design lesson in your inbox each week.NEWSLETTERS THAT DON’T SUCKEmail1K: A free 30 day course to double your email list.Design for Hackers: 12 weeks of design learning, right in your inbox.Startup Digest: Personalized newsletter for all things startup in your area.Mattermark Daily: Curated newsletter from investors & founders.ChargeWhatYou’reWorth: Free course on charging what you’re worth.Product Psychology: Lessons on User Behavior.UX Newsletter: Tales of researching, designing, and building.UX Design Weekly: Best user experience design links every week.USEFULFoundrs: Co-founder equity calculator.HowMuchToMakeAnApp: Calculate the cost of a mobile application.App vs. Website: Should you build an app or website?Pitcherific: Pitcherific helps you create, train, and improve your pitch.Startup Equity Calculator: Figure out how much equity to grant new hires in seconds.Ad Spend Calculator: Should my startup pay to advertise?
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What do you do everyday to promote your website?
Great question!There are several ways that you can promote your website. Here are a few of my favorites:Schedule social media posts (blog articles, quotes, bit size content from your website) via Hootsuite to post on multiple channels such to get maximum signNow.Channels such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TwitterLook up hashtags specific to your business on Twitter and engage with others or even better yet provide them a free resource that you’re giving away (preferably one that leads back to your site).Engage with people on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram by asking questions, answering questions, and starting new conversations.Pin new content on Pinterest a couple of times a week.There are many ways you can promote your website and it’s hard to not to get overwhelmed–so pick a few and give them a try. Once you’re ready you can always do more to promote.
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How do I go about increasing an email marketing list from scratch?
Most businesses wish to increase the size and quality of their email list.You surely are part of this group and so are we.We have therefore decided to carry out research on the best ways to increase the size of an email list.Here is our compilation of the 30 best tricks.PS You probably already know, but do not forget to always ask for permission when you collect email addresses.Tricks to increase the size of your email list:Via your websiteVia your present email contactsOn social mediaWith the help of partners and advertisementOffline and physical storesOn your e-commerce web-siteYour website: The pillar of your email acquisition strategy1. Use a static subscription formThis tip is often used on blogs and at the footer of several web sites. It is a classic way to collect email addresses.A way to improve it is to present the form as the visitor scrolls down your page. In this way, the visitor always sees the subscription section. Two choices: read the content or subscribe! If he likes the content, he can easily subscribe.Kissmetrics seems to have understood the value of highlighting the subscription forms on their article pages and at the footer of all pages.2. Offer free downloadable content in exchange for an email addressNothing better than win-win proposition to acquire new emails.For many companies, quality content is a very valuable currency. In offering premium content in exchange for an email address, a quality list will be generated.For example, Kissmetrics acquires multiple email addresses thanks to their eBook named How to Create an A/B Testing Program That Gets Results which is offered for free.3. Capture email addresses on your home pageYour home page receives the majority of your visitors. This is the face of your business.Do not hesitate to use it by putting in place a subscription offer to a newsletter or a content download on the page. More traffic usually increases the chances of subscriptions.Here is how Cyberimpact does it.4. Organize a webinarWebinars are an excellent way to grow your email list and may even help to convert people who don’t know you.The reason for which they increase your list quickly is because the participants must register for the webinars with their email addresses.The webinars are perceived as having an excellent value, because they are quickly consumed and are usually very educational.If you decide to make webinars, do not forget to promote them. A webinar that is unknown to people, even if it is a good one, does not help much in acquiring emails.Pro tip: Save your webinar and use it later as a subscription offer to your contact list on social media or in your Digital ads.BDC offers several webinars in the section entrepreneur’s tool box which allows them to get the entrepreneur’s email address.Try it, you’ll see!5. Create a useful toolBe useful. Create a tool or an application for your industry.In exchange for its free use, require the email address of the user.Hubspot has had a phenomenal success with its tool Website Grader and it enabled the company to acquire thousands of email addresses.Same scenario for Vircom, a company in Montreal, which has decided to create a tool, Email Security Grader, which checks if your mail server is secure.All is left for you is to find a good tool idea and to create it!6. Use exit pop-upsIf someone has decided to leave your page, there is nothing you can do to bring him back…Not true!By using an exit pop-up it will permit you to get a last chance to convert your visitor into a subscriber.You can offer free contents or other things that might encourage a visitor to give you his email address.If you succeed, it means that you have won a new subscriber who would probably have left your site without ever returning.Social Media Examiner decided to offer their 2016 Social Media Marketing Industry Report7. Set up a gateway or a “welcome mat”A gateway commonly called a “welcome mat” is a trick that allows you to display a call to action in full-size as soon as the visitor gets on your site.You can therefore put forward your content offers or your subscription offers on the newsletter in a way that is clear and obvious.Here is an example of how Wishpond uses it on their website.The “welcome mat” is free tool from SumoMe8. Use pop-upsBe it pop-ups activated by scrolling a page, by the time spent on a page or other criteria, pop-ups are true values when it comes to acquiring new email addresses.iProspect used this strategy on their blog with great success.9. Include a subscription form at the footer of all your blog articlesThis trick is essential if you have a blog.Adding a subscription form or a download form at the footer of your articles will enable readers to easily subscribe especially if they enjoyed your article.A simple trick to put in place, but which works very wellHere is an example from Cyberimpact that demonstrates this technique.10. Hello Bar or smart barA “Hello Bar ” or “Smart Bar ”, depending on the tool used, allows you to display a subscription form at the top of your web site.This allows you to remind your visitors to subscribe to your list, to offer them free content or a newsletter in exchange for their email.It works very well since the form is always visible at the top of your web site and is not too intrusive.Use your existing emails to acquire new emails11. Use your email signatureWith how many people do you communicate by email each week?100? 200?All these people who receive your emails are people likely to be interested in being part of your email list. Facilitate the task by adding a link to a subscription page on your email signature.12. Encourage your current subscribers to recommend a friend.Give your subscribers the opportunity to send your newsletters or your content to their friends by submitting the email address of the latter in a form.When submitted, the content will be sent to their friends and at the same time, subscribe them to your list.Offer a reward for their referal and the effect will be more pronounced.The more your list will grow the more you will be referenced. A systematic growth without any efforts.Social Media13. Pin a tweet containing a call to actionOn Twitter, you have the possibility to pin a Tweet so that it remains static at the top of your page. This tweet will be the first to be seen once visitors go to your profile page.Pin a tweet to invite your supporters to join your email list.14. Facebook cover photoThe perfect location to promote the subscription to your email list!Replace the cover image you are using by a cover image containing a call to action and a link to your subscription page.The URL must be easy to write and retain, because your visitors will have to manually enter it on their browser since the link will not be clickable.15. “Subscribe” buttonFacebook allows you to add an action button on your company’s profile page.Use this opportunity to send your Facebook fans to the subscription page of your email list.It works for Neil Patel therefore could be an interesting option for your business.16. Publications encouraging registrationIt would be easy not to encourage our Facebook/Twitter fans to register to your list, thinking that those are already fans of our company.Instead of leaving them to admire your Facebook/Twitter page, you should encourage them to register in order to continue to promote your content and your brand on other platforms.You can promote downloadable contents using an email, a subscription… It is your choice.Pro tip: regularly publish your subscription offer on your Facebook /Twitter page. After all, not all your fans see all your publications. In publishing them often, you signNow more of them.17. Add a link to your subscription page on LinkedInUse the feature “Add Media” on the experience section of LinkedIn in order to add a link that leads to your subscription page or on your home page.Easy, fast and efficient.18. Use your contentYou remember the tip #3, #4 and #5? Use this same content but this time, promote it on your social platforms.Have you registered your webinar? Make it downloadable on your social platforms by publishing a link to a page that allows users to download your content in exchange for an email.You could do the same thing for an eBook or a free web tool.A content recycled = several new chances to get email addresses.19. Organize a contest on FacebookOrganizing a contest with a tool such as Woobox will allow you to quickly expand your scope.Offer a price which is relevant to your market and not a price which attracts everyone such as gift cards or an iPad. With the latter, you may attract people who are not qualified and this is not your goal.Contests are very popular on Facebook and are naturally very viral. By adding a field to capture emails in the contest participation form, you could acquire several new subscribers for your email list.Pro tip: Do not forget to ask for the consent when collecting email addresses via contests.asdfadsfadsfasdfsadfsdf20. Twitter lead generation cardsPromote subscription to your list by using Twitter Lead Generation Cards.These campaigns are designed to help you collect the email addresses of users who have expressed an interest for your offer, giving Twitter users the possibility to communicate you their email addresses in a way that is fast and secure.By configuring a lead generation card to be included in your tweet, you can easily get a greater number of subscribers on your list.Two clicks will suffice for a potential subscriber to share his coordinates with you.Plus, it is very simple to put in place.21. Facebook Lead AdsPromote the subscription to your email list by using Facebook Lead Ads.When someone clicks on your ad, a form opens and the information about his profile is automatically added to the fields of the form. Another click and the person is subscribed to your list.Quick and effective subscription in two clicks and without entry of data.Partnerships, exchanges and advertisements22. Publish your contentProduce quality content that you will be published on a newsletter or on other web sites that have a complementary market or customers similar to yours.Add in your signature and in the content of your article, a link which allows users to subscribe to your email list.Seems simple but it works!23. Exchange of listsFind a partner and share your lists. You promote the subscription offer or content of your partner to your list, your partner will do the same for you to his list.In this way you have instant access to a hearing relevant to your offerings.For this trick to work, you have to find a partner with customers similar to yours and who is not a competitor.The partner must do the sending to his list and not you doing the sending to his list. Respect the consent.24. Advertisement and bannersBuy or exchange advertisements on the web site or in the newsletter of a partner which has a complementary market or customers similar to yours.Offer your content and your subscriptions offers in the form of banners or in the form of content marketing in order to lead your partner’s visitors to your subscription page.25. Google AdWords and BingCreate an AdWords or Bing announcement which publicizes your content and which when clicked Redirects to a subscription page which contains a form to capture emails.If you choose your keywords well, this trick can be profitable in the medium term. However it can become quite expensive if you don’t manage your costs of acquisition.A very fast way to acquire email addresses.Off-line and physical stores26. Ask for the email addresses of your customersYou have physical locations?Establish a process by which you systematically ask for the email addresses of your customers. The simplest way is to do so is at the time of payment.BestBuy does this each time you make a transaction in their stores.Pro tip: To ensure that all email addresses that you will personally collect have indeed been made with the consent of the client, you could put in place a “double -opt-in” system. Following the collection of the email address, a subscription confirmation-mail is sent to the customer. The latter must click a link in the email in order to confirm his subscription to your list.27. Maximize your paper mills and your business cardsUse your paper mills and your business cards in order to generate new subscribers to your list. Add to them, a link that directs people to your Web site or a subscription page.Similar to the tip of the email signature, but it uses the good old paper!28. Give a conference at an event concerning your industry.In addition to the fact that you will be able to promote your business and your expertise, you could also encourage the people in the room to subscribe to your email list.In your presentation, add a link that leads to a subscription form which will be easy to remember. Also mention it during your presentation.This way people sitting in the audience will be able to subscribe easily.Email acqusition on ecommerce site29. Offer a discount in exchange for an email addressHere is how Electronic for less offers a discount on their web site in exchange for a subscription to their newsletterWho refuses 5% if you were going to buy anyways?Yes, they cut 5% of their margins on the first sale, but in exchange they get an email address with which they can continue the relationship.The key to success in e-commerce: communicate when it matters the most.On the long term, they will easily recover their 5% in additional sales.30. Add a field to capture email in your purchase processSimple, but very effective. You would be surprised at the number of business that dont have this in place.The more upstream you capture the email , the more you will have the chance to communicate with your customer if there is a glitch or a transaction abortion.In my opinion, if you operate a transactional site it is a mandatory tactic.Discount car and truck rentals understood it well.Email acquisition is definitely the key to a successful digital transformation.
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How does understanding the elements of music impact the analysis of a narrative poem?
Scaringly difficult subject to write about, and surely, just as ambivalent. I possess no expertise on poetry nor on music, only what a curious & interested mind gathers over these past few years. Hastily point out mistakes or any others short-comings & fallacies.I will be quick to mention Milton, perhaps a little of Eliot, and lastly, Ezra Pound. The effect & connection between music and poetry has definitively varied throughout history. Sung epos & folklore songs, Provençal & Troubadour poetry,... roughly speaking, and this is my observation, the first wedge between the two has been made when poetry became much more erudite, soaked in words-meaning, and forgot the musical rhythms little behind, not that I value one over another.-- Anyway, 19. & 20. century welcomed the revival of the two, and again established connections. French symbolism, Modernism & new musical techniques ( revolution of style both in literature & music, the avant-garde was united across all fields ). Of course, one of the issues is how much of modern poetry can be marked as "narrative" in the obvious sense. The elements of music is such a vague term indeed…To start off with a quotation from Poe`s The Poetic Principle:Contenting myself with the certainty that Music, in its various modes of metre, rhythm and rhyme, is of so vast a moment in Poetry as never to be wisely rejected - is so vitally important an adjunct, that he is simply silly who declines its assistance, I will not now pause to maintain its absolute essentiality. It is in Music perhaps that the soul most nearly attains the great end for which, when inspired by the Poetic Sentiment, it struggles - the creation of supernal Beauty. It may be, indeed, that here this sublime end is, now and then, attained in fact. We are often made to feel, with a shivering delight, that from an earthly harp are stricken notes which cannot have been unfamiliar to the angels. And thus there can be little doubt that in the union of Poetry with Music in its popular sense, we shall find the widest field for the Poetic development. The old Bards and Minnesingers had advantages which we do not possess - and Thomas Moore, singing his own songs, was, in the most legitimate manner, perfecting them as poems.&A poem, in my opinion, is opposed to a work of science by having, for its immediate object, pleasure, not truth; to romance, by having, for its object, an indefinite instead of a definite pleasure, being a poem only so far as this object is attained; romance presenting perceptible images with definite, poetry with definite sensations, to which end music is an essential, since the comprehension of sweet sound is our most indefinite conception. Music, when combined with a pleasurable idea, is poetry; music, without the idea, is simply music; the idea, without the music, is prose, from its very definitiveness.And to finish, a section from a letter to James R. Lowell:I am profoundly excited by music and by some poems - those of Tennyson especially - whom with Keats, Shelley, Coleridge (occasionally) and a few others of like thought and expression, I regard as the sole poets. Music is the perfection of the soul or idea of Poetry. The vagueness of exultation aroused by a sweet air which should be strictly indefinite and never too strongly suggestive is precisely what we should aim at in poetry. Affectation which is thus no blemishMustek and Poetry have ever been acknowledg'd Sisters. As Poetry is the harmony of Words, so Mustek is that of Notes... Sure they are most excellent when they are join 'd. Blest pair of Sirens, pledges of Heav'ns joy, Sphere-born harmonious Sisters, Voice, and Vers, Wed your divine sounds, and mixt power employ Dead things with inbreath'd sense able to pierceMilton could have very well be a musician, -his father was-, and his music appeared in print from time to time, one notable contribution was Fair Orian in collection of madrigals in Honour of queen Elizabeth, The Triumphs of Oriana.He was a close friend with a composer Henry Lawes, and the two collaborated on The Masque of Comus, 1634.There is also a distinction to be made between Greek & Roman musica practica, which was performed & sung, and the Pythagorean musica speculativa, theoretical & mathematical understanding, — changed to Christianised harmonia mundi during the Renaissance revival ). Harmonica mundi can definitely be encountered in Milton`s early poetry, At solemn music, Ad Patrem, & passages from 'Arcades', Comus, and 'On the Morning of Christ's Nativity'.From At solemn music:“ … disproportioned sinJarred against nature's chime, and with harsh dinBroke the fair music that all creatures madeTo their great Lord.”See how disproportioned resonates with Pythagorean proportions, and it became disproportioned with the Original Sin and the fall from Eden. The reconciliation between the Classical/Pagan & Christian aesthetics and tradition was one of the foremost issues of early Milton. A passage from On the Morning of Christ's Nativity';The lonely mountains o’er, And the resounding shore, A voice of weeping heard and loud lament; Edgèd with poplar pale, From haunted spring, and dale The parting Genius is with sighing sent; With flower-inwoven tresses torn The Nymphs in twilight shade of tangled thickets mourn.From Paradise Lost:Celestial voices to the midnight air [...]With heavenly touch of instrumental soundsIn full harmonic number joined, their songsDivide the night, and lift our thoughts to heaven.& in Hell:Their song was partial, but the harmony(What could it less when spirits immortal sing?)Suspended hell, and took with ravishment The thronging audience.Partial music of fallen Angels & Broken music of man. And Book V:Mystical dance, which yonder starry sphereOf planets and of fixed in all her wheelsResembles nearest, mazes intricate,Eccentric, intervolved, yet regularThen most, when most irregular they seem;And in their motions harmony divineSo smooths her charming tones, that God's own earListens delighted.A quick stop with T.S. Eliot and modernism before Pound.Modernism was a turbulent period, literature was chasing music, music was chasing language, and both were born out of impulse to restore expressivity & eloquence that the formality has lost. An important shift has happened, there is no absolute, right or left, right is not the opposite of left, ocean does not kill the fire.Poe & French symbolism played a pivotal role, and I am not confident nor do I know enough to speak about French climate and the effects of Poe in the second half of the 19. century here.Just as literature changed, so did music. Even the so called more traditional composers, like Ravel, are less formulaic and more abrupt, not to mention the likes of Stravinsky. What is very intriguing to me is how well does modern art produce tensions despite the loss of totality & coherence, and how idiosyncratic arbitration took over without losing the profound and human effect of tensity. In this sense, music was not longer a music in musical forms, but rather that of consciousness and its fragmentation.The seeming homelessness of arts in the period is a precondition of the changes that occurred, and this is what T. Hardy called the ache of modernism. There are no happy ends, formulaic tragedies ethically victorious, nor obvious redemption ( debatable, Last part of The Waste Land is an example ). The widening canyon of separation & inability of pristine connectivity is a precondition of the age, and in itself, its product - Postmodernism, a headless human still digging in a graveyard of modernity, seeking hopelessly for a regenerative bone & praying not to find it - he would have to leave. This is why modernism has no green heritage, only skeletons. In Joyce`s terms, Scrupulous meanness. Even the Hegelian aesthetics “in the suspension of equilibrium lies the tendency to return to a condition of equilibrium”, even musical form through dissonance to consonance, is depleted. If one here remembers the quotes from Poe and his posture of indefinitiveness, how it went from his to symbolism and from there to modernism, acclaiming the suggestive aspect.One of the drives of modernism was to thrust poetry back from the street, or jungle, to the sublime, the rightful place, to perform the duties it deserves. The restoration called for a path through prickly subjects, even ironic and laughable, like Prufrock`s underwhelming question, but it manages to pass exactly due to that vagueness, and we sense it as our own.Perhaps all this has been rather imprecise, let me speak about Eliot.So, while poetry attempts to convey something beyond what can be conveyed in prose rhythms, it remains, all the same, one person talking to another; and this is just as true if you sing it, for singing is another way of talking. The immediacy of poetry to conversation is not a matter on which we can lay down exact laws. Every revolution in poetry is apt to be, and sometimes to announce itself to be a return to common speech.... The music of poetry, then, must be a music latent in the common speech of its time.The Use of Poetry and The Use of Criticism: “Poetry begins, I dare say, with a savage beating a drum in a jungle, and it retains that essential of percussion and rhythm” - like music.Fairly, music of poetry may differ from music of music, an awkward saying that while musical elements are important for analysis, but the musical elements in poetry categorically & theoretically & applicably differ from those that we apply to music per se.'From Poe to Valery´, essay:Poetry, of different kinds, may be said to range from that in which the attention of the reader is directed primarily to the sound, to that in which it is directed primarily to the sense. With the former kind, the sense may be apprehended almost unconsciously; with the latter kind - at these two extremes - it is the sound, of the operation of which upon us we are unconscious. But, with either type, sound and sense must cooperate; in even the most purely incantatory poem, the dictionary meaning of the words cannot be disregarded with impunity.Precisely, from The music of Poetry;[m]y purpose here is to insist that a 'musical poem' is a poem which has a musical pattern of sound and a musical pattern of the secondary meanings of the words that compose it, and that these two patterns are indissoluble and one.Simply a level beside the denotation of words. In`The Music of Poetry´ another inspect of this climate is presented:The music of a word is, so to speak, at a point of intersection: it arises from its relation first to the words immediately preceding and following it, and indefinitely to the rest of its context; and from another relation, that of its immediate meaning in that context to all the other meanings which it has had in other contexts, to its greater or less wealth of association.Which can be directly linked to his writings On Dante:In English poetry words have a kind of opacity which is part of their beauty. I do not mean that the beauty of English poetry is what is called mere 'verbal beauty'. It is rather that words have associations, and the groups of words in association have associations, which is a kind of local self-consciousness, because they are the growth of a particular civilization.As many words, music ferries such a rich history of meanings, definitions, and relations that is difficult to analyse the impact. Music in one of the Archetypes, and they are hard to contain. Music is a structure separate of understanding, insofar as it escapes the restraints of conventional meanings. The Music of Poetry is, if one takes a leap of imagination, an objective correlative, if I dare expand the term. If I use a line from D. Davie; "It is language which happens through the speaker and not the speaker who expresses himself through language.”-— Can this also be said about music, when it comes to early Eliot?In an 'Aspects of Rhythm and Rhyme in Eliot's Early Poems', J. Chalker, in sum, `The Use “the steadiness and predictability of musical rhythm” is to produce psychological reassurance in the midst of emotional disturbance.´—Such irony, after reading Prufrock, if I thinks solemnly of rhythm, I would say it conveys anything but the reassurance and predictability, yes, the irony that is serves as a distraction from emotional disturbances, and in this fact lays reassurance.Quite enough of Eliot…Ezra Pound!''The idea that music and poetry can be separated,'' he wrote, ''is an idea current in ages of degradation and decadence when both arts are in the hands of lazy imbeciles.''Opera Le Testament De Villon:He started at least two unfinished operas, Cavalcanti and COLLIS O HELICONII.( Two short recordings of the latter can be found here )Rhythm & Music, “the hardest quality of a man's style to counterfeit”.In his three essays about Music in Transatlantic Review, he strongly focuses & advocates time and time-intervals, arguing:“A sound of any pitch, or any combination of such sounds, may be followed by a sound, or any combination of sounds, providing the time interval between them is properly gauged; and this is true for any series of sounds, chords, or arpeggios”Emphasization of space and rhythm was, by space - `space in between concise images - in juxtaposition´ - one of prime concerns of Imagisme. Reader`s interaction is needed to form a connection between them. ( A short answer about In A Station of the Metro ) Another short poem, Alba:As cool as the pale wet leaves of lily-of-the-valleyShe lay beside me in the dawn.Pound˙s poetry, rhythm & music was always more about reaction than explanation, which, I think, anyone who has read him can agree, and that might very well be the only thing on which we can agree. Therefore Poetry & Music are two in one to achieving this reaction.I will briefly present his own attempt to compose a work based on his own poem, Sestina Altaforte (1909 )Loquitur: En Bertrans de Born.Dante Alighieri put this man in hell for that he was a stirrer-up of strife.Eccovi!Judge ye!Have I dug him up again?The scene in at his castle, Altaforte. "Papiols" is his jongleur."The Leopard," the device of Richard (Cúur de Lion).IDamn it all! all this our South stinks peace.You whoreson dog, Papiols, come! Let's to music!I have no life save when the swords clash.But ah! when I see the standards gold, vair, purple, opposingAnd the broad fields beneath them turn crimson,Then howl I my heart nigh mad with rejoicing.IIIn hot summer have I great rejoicingWhen the tempests kill the earth's foul peace,And the lightnings from black heav'n flash crimson,And the fierce thunders roar me their musicAnd the winds shriek through the clouds mad, opposing,And through all the riven skies God's swords clash.IIIHell grant soon we hear again the swords clash!And the shrill neighs of destriers in battle rejoicing,Spiked breast to spiked breast opposing!Better one hour's stour than a year's peaceWith fat boards, bawds, wine and frail music!Bah! there's no wine like the blood's crimson!IVAnd I love to see the sun rise blood-crimson.And I watch his spears through the dark clashAnd it fills all my heart with rejoicingAnd pries wide my mouth with fast musicWhen I see him so scorn and defy peace,His lone might 'gainst all darkness opposing.VThe man who fears war and squats opposingMy words for stour, hath no blood of crimsonBut is fit only to rot in womanish peaceFar from where worth's won and the swords clashFor the death of such sluts I go rejoicing;Yea, I fill all the air with my music.VIPapiols, Papiols, to the music!There's no sound like to swords swords opposing,No cry like the battle's rejoicingWhen our elbows and swords drip the crimsonAnd our charges 'gainst "The Leopard's" rush clash.May God damn for ever all who cry "Peace!"VIIAnd let the music of the swords make them crimson!Hell grant soon we hear again the swords clash!Hell blot black for always the thought "Peace!"As a remainder, poem’s speaker is the Gascon nobleman and war-loving troubadour Bertran de Born, who lived in the second half of the twelfth century. There is no way Pound would have wrote the poem in 1914, even 1913, with its pro-war orientation, but in the end, it is a traditional subject of epic.If one isolates the ending words of each stanza:peace – music – clash – opposing – crimson – rejoicing [Stanza I]rejoicing – peace – crimson – music – opposing – clash [Stanza II]clash – rejoicing – opposing – peace – music – crimson [Stanza III]crimson – clash – rejoicing – music – peace – opposing [Stanza IV]opposing – crimson – peace – clash – rejoicing – music [Stanza V]music – opposing – rejoicing – crimson – clash – Peace [Stanza VI]crimson – clash – Peace [Envoi]Not to get into a detailed analysis of this one poem and its technical mastery of Anglo-Saxon metre & alliteration, more famous in his translation The Seafarer.“The phrases are short (two to six small, quick bars), often similar but generally asymmetric, and impetuous with anapest driven leaps, creating an almost flickering quality. The sestina form, however, is used for purely structural function. There is no attempt at word painting or at a sonic/cognitive equivalent. The music matches the original poem, one note or chord per syllable, through the third line of the second sestet. From this point musical irregularities gradually encroach upon the monosyllabic relationship with the text. His formal method was to assign one or two extremely brief music segments (each segment consisting of a different chord, or two or three chords with or without a unison note) as a “sonic signifier” to identify each line of Altaforte’s six end words. When the end word appeared in its new position in the following sestet its sonic signifier would appear as a recognizable determinant. . . .“Remembering category #4 concerning “Criticism via music” in Pound’s essay “Date Line,” we can reflect upon the interpretive insights given us when Pound interrelates music and verse.2 As can be seen above, the temptation to read “Damn it all!” as a colloquial emphatic anapest is dissuaded by Pound’s more pungent cretic ( – ˘– ), giving equal emphasis to “Damn-all.” At the end of the line a spondee (two quarter notes) gives accentuation to “stinks peace,” correcting a tendency to slight “stinks” as a moderately unstressed syllable if giving “South stinks peace” the quite natural reading of a cretic. Similarly, in line six of the same stanza, “heart nigh mad” might be rendered a cretic, yet Pound’s musical setting as three stressed syllables heightens the emotional pitch of the poem by raising the tension on “nigh.” . . .“Under the influence of Antheil’s constantly changing time signatures and note durations[applied to the opera Le Testament] the solo violin sestina utilizes a constant shifting of the number of microbeats per bar from 1/4 to 21/32, with a frequency of triple and quintuple meters presaging the metric simplification of his music over the next two years. Yet Pound’s notation is not secure enough to avoid frequent miscalculations of the note lengths versus the time signatures.“A chordal piece with almost no single notes, frequently using triple- and quadruple-stops with one to three open strings, it repeatedly necessitates the use of “broken chords” or arpeggiation. The result is often a scratchy, disjointed, leaping quality as the player prepares the fingers to approach each new multiple stop. Yet the “breaking” of the chord also favors a clarification of the harmony by lessening the biting dissonance to produce a more consonant sound, often focusing on open fifths or, in arpeggiation, the sweetened effect of an incomplete major seventh chord. Although aesthetically clarified by a few interpretive markings (bowings, accents, staccati, glissandi, sordino, string specification), technically the piece is filled with impracticalities: jagged, wide leaps; constant multiple stops; and some extremely difficult quadruple- stops, which at best render the work barely playable, if not unplayable. (These challenging famous last words often eventually offer an extremely good performance!)” . . . ( Sestina Altaforte” Ezra Pound sets his poem to music )Aforementioned unfinished COLLIS O HELICONII;HYMN TO APHRODITEAphrodite subtle of soul and deathless, Daughter of God, weaver of wiles, I pray thee Neither with care, dread Mistress, nor with anguish Slay thou my spirit. But in pity hasten, come now if ever! From afar, of old, when my voice implored thee, Thou hast deigned to listen leaving the golden House of thy father With thy chariot yoked, and with doves that drew thee Fair and fleet around the dark earth from heaven, Dipping vibrant wings down the azure distance Through the mid ether: Very swift they came; and thou gracious Vision Leaned with face that smiled in immortal beauty, Leaned to me and asked, “What misfortune threatened?” Why I had called thee? “What my frenzied heart craved in utter yearning, Whom its wild desire would persuade to passion? What disdainful charms madly worshipped, slight thee? Who wrongs thee, Sappho? “She that fain would fly, she shall quickly follow She that now rejects, yet with gifts shall woo thee, She that heeds thee not, soon shall love to madness, Love thee, the loth one.”( John Myers O’Hara translation 1910, which Pound recommended )Scenario/librettoPound described his third opera as half-finished (GK 368). A libretto, two arias, and three instrumental works are the sum of materials we have to inform the staging of the opera Collis O Heliconii. Pound’s libretto refers only to the Catullus poem (see my comments and transcription of Pound’s libretto, COLLIS xvi–xix; 102–111). The joining of the opera’s central aria in Latin—Catullus’ carmen 61—and a secondary aria in Greek—Sappho’s “Poikilothron”—continued the pairing of languages heard in the second opera Cavalcanti (Italian and Provençal). The composer’s principal motivation for relating the Latin and Greek poems in an opera was to anchor modern English lyrics in the Greek rhythms while demonstrating how a grasp of Latin will refine a poet’s style.The four key actions of Sappho’s Poem 1 are Sappho’s invocation to the goddess Aphrodite; the goddess’s descent from heaven; Aphrodite’s direct address to Sappho regarding her dominance over human will; and Sappho’s invitation to Aphrodite to take action side by side to reverse an unrequited love.The relationship of the Sappho invocation to the Catullan poem, which is widely accepted as an epithalamium, is not an obvious one. But even if we overlook recent scholarship that depicts carmen 61 as a lampoon of an epithalamium, we can find structural resemblances between the two poems. Sappho’s poem provides an authorial match to Catullus’ carmen 61: each poet inserts her- or himself into the poem; each writes in a way that distances the poet as author from the passions written about; and each poem includes a theme of same-sex preference. It was Henry Wharton who first introduced the English reader to Sappho’s love for a female and possibly Theodor Bergk who earlier had done the same for the German reader (Williamson 51–52).2For contrast and drama in his opera, Pound would develop the literary relationship between Sappho and Catullus. He had named them in his 1929 essay “How to Read” as among the essential canon of authors "who actually invented something" (LE 27). In 1934, Pound praised Catullus for his treatment of sapphics: “. . . the only man who has ever mastered the lady’s metre” (ABCR 47). He published the essay “Date Line” the same year, claiming that the musical setting of a poet’s words was a fourth form of criticism (LE 74). Had Pound’s attempts at setting the two poets’ words to music led him to these declarations?Pound’s preference was for us to hear the two poets’ words in the original language, their rhythms and styles brought directly to our ear through the music—the successful formula he had used to dramatize the Cavalcanti–Sordello literary relationship in his second opera. Pound’s pairing of Sappho’s 1 with Catullus 61 removes Sappho from the sphere of influence of Ovid, where most readers became acquainted with her through reading the Heroides. The opera was to place her Latin legacy clearly on the side of Catullus. For more on this, see COLLIS, chapter V, “Sappho.”SapphicsEzra Pound's holograph score of his setting of Sappho Poem 1 from his 3rd opera,Collis O Heliconii.Shown: Introduction to End of Stanza 1 with sapphic stanza and transcription of Pound's lyrics added in red.Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library (YCAL 53, Box 46/1015)Reprinted by permission, Second Evening Art. All rights reserved.Pound’s musical events in the Poikilothron convey a feeling for the meter through quantity and syllabic durations. Only the first stanza (see music score above) corresponds wholly to the sapphic stanza as defined by the Alexandrian grammarian Hephaestion (2nd century A.D.). Here is the sapphic meter as it has come down to us from Hephaestion’s manual of Greek meters, the Enchiridion:– ˘ – x – ˘˘ – ˘ – x– ˘ – x – ˘˘ – ˘ – x– ˘ – x – ˘˘ – ˘ – x– ˘˘ – –[The x represents an “anceps” in which the syllable can be short or long.]O’Hara, too, conformed only his first stanza to the Hephaestion sapphic. He maintained the feeling of sapphics through quantity (eleven syllables in the first three lines, five in the fourth), through a liberal use of the choriambic foot – ˘˘ – (though not always in the Hephaestion choriambic position), and through sounds in English that evoke the Greek sounds. Pound follows suit in the music (see the entry on Stanza 4 below).Musical InfluencesWhen Pound approached the setting of a Greek poem accompanied by lyre, he did not attempt to imitate ancient Greek music. Though he had acquired vol. 1 of the Lavignac Encyclopedia of Music which features Maurice Emmanuel’s entry on Greek music, he relied on this text more for its relevance to poetic meter than for compositional ideas.He lent Mary Barnard his own volume, recommending it as the preferred source for understanding how to write sapphics in American English using Emmanuel’s system of musical forms and strategies (Barnard, 56, 58).For his melodies, Pound looked beyond Greece, east to Indonesia. Pound turned his attention to the Javanese scale as had Claude Debussy, but distanced himself from the composer, lamenting that Debussy had turned to composing ‘mush.’3 Debussy had been influenced by performances of the Javanese gamelan at the Paris Exposition of 1889. Access to information about and recordings of world music were random and haphazard, the nascent field of ethnomusicology being represented by only a few key individuals until well into the 1950s.The specific source for Pound’s approach to the Sappho aria, however, is traceable to the Austrian Erich von Hornbostel, one of the earliest musicologists to make field recordings of the music of Indonesia. Hornbostel reported his findings in “Phonographierte Melodien aus Madagaskar und Indonesien” in 1909. Pound most probably learned of him from his friend, the American concert pianist Katherine Heyman, who mentioned Hornbostel in her 1921 bookThe Relation of Ultramodern to Archaic Music (58).4 On July 7, 1924, Pound programmed an arrangement of a Hornbostel Javanese transcription for solo violin, played by Olga Rudge in Paris.5Pound’s Musical Strategy: Modality and TonalityTo the ear accustomed to a diatonic scale, the intervals of Pound’s unusual scale join with the rhythms “to cut a shape in time” (Barnard, 55). Pound’s single accidental of C# in his scale for the Poikilothron aria resembles the transcriptions of Sumatran music compiled by von Hornbostel at the turn of the century.Pound employs six tones —A, C#, D, E, F, (G)—and avoids B altogether. The use of five tones only in stanzas one through four creates a sense of modal music, i.e., a type of scale that is sui generis, where each tone has equal weight, rather than tonal, which is a hierarchical system of music with a central pitch to which the other pitches relate. In modal music the notes do not function as harmony. Only in the fifth stanza does Pound introduce the G to create the sense of a musical key with the stable relationships of the fourth between D and G, and the already present fifth between D and A. The six-tone scale, with certain features acting like a diatonic scale which has seven tones, implies the key of D minor. B is simply avoided and the C# serves as a raised “seventh” step which wants to resolve to D.When the tritone sounds between G and C#, the composer moves from modal to tonal music. In Stanza six, he resumes modality.The contours of Pound’s melodies arise from the qualities of spoken word in the poem—supplication, solicitation, question, demand, and judgment—, the intervallic movement expanding and subsiding with the emotion. The composer brings forward the contours of Sappho’s words through timbre, dissonance, tritone, and accent. Guided by the belief that he can recover the form apart from the formulaic metrics passed down by tradition, he does not attempt to recover ancient Greek melody, but presents new composition as his fifth form of criticism (LE 74–75).Stanza 4: Inner form in Sappho’s Poikilothron:In stanza four, Sappho’s rhetorical devices lead to a highly structured colloquy between the poetess and goddess, even as the language remains colloquial. The composer strives to make this duality salient—structural formality/linguistic familiarity—not only to transmit Sappho to a modern audience but to promote his own interest in Sappho as a mortal poet conversant with the gods.At stanza four we find rhyming patterns in the syllables: otti deute / kotti deute. Here, Pound foregrounds Sappho’s word play by striking the repeating hard surfaces of her Greek consonants—t, d, p, k—against his neo-Sumatran scale, the strangeness of the scale serving to inflect each sound. Sappho’s voice rings out, resonant and striking in her Poundian afterlife, with none of the Ovidian invention and melodrama qualifying her poetic achievement.Stanza 4, lines 3–4, bars 45–49“You asked, what pray tell have I suffered and why pray tell do I call?”Following three breathy vowels on the same pitch, “e-re ot-”, the consonant load of the syllables, “ti”–“dau”–“te”–“pe”–“pon”–“tha,” meets each of the descending pitches with percussive impact. The final syllable pepontha (“have I suffered”) hits the bottom of the singer’s tessitura on A,an octave and a minor sixth below “e-re ot-.” The word kotti (“and what”) rebounds one octave higher on the A, then C# and A again,before a second leap downward to the low A. There follows a third and lesser rebound and descent. The word melodykalemmi (“do I call”), broken by a sixteenth rest, gives the illusion that all is settling down. Pound delivers the last syllable “-mi” on the less-than-resolute e to end the stanza (supported by an A in the violin).Stanza 5: the tritone in Pound’s aria Poikilothron:The Music Column of Make It New 2.1 discussed Pound’s use of the interval of the tritone to insert a critical marker indicating genius within the music. In the Sappho aria, we might expect that when Sappho refers to herself in the poem’s fifth stanza (“kotti moi”), Pound will employ the tritone, and he does not disappoint. He makes the tonality of the tritone salient by preceding it with modality in the preceding four stanzas and in the subsequent sixth stanza.What Pound said:“The more Greek a man knows the better his English cadence is likely to be, and the greater richness, variety, height, precision, colour of his criteria; the greater the variety of his ideas and memories of what verbal melody can be and should be; and the finer his perception of all verbal sounds whatsoever.”(Ezra Pound. “Dust upon Hellas.” Time and Tide XV.45 [November 10, 1934]: 1429–1430).“Greek seems to me a storehouse of wonderful rhythms, possibly impracticable rhythms. If you don’t read it and if you can’t read Latin translations from it, it can’t be helped. Most English translations are hopeless. The best are in prose.”(Ezra Pound. Letter to Iris Barry. July 1916. L 87).( SAPPHO IN POUND’S THIRD OPERA, COLLIS O HELICONII )I would still say that Pound`s musical interest & experimentation ( Classical Greek and Latin, 11th- and 12th-century troubadours like Arnaut Daniel and Gaucelm Faidi, French trouvères like Guillaume le Vinier, and their 14th- and 15th-century heirs like Dante, Cavalcanti and Villon ) were an extended branch, or outgrowth, of his colossal studies in versification. The sound, not semantics!Arthur Daniel, if Pound were asked to give a name of his idea forerunner of whom he said: “when the Provençal [language] was growing weary, and it was to be seen if it could last, and [he] tried to make almost a new language, or at least to enlarge the Langue d’Oc, and make new things possible” —Make it new! The famous motto.OBLIGATORY listening, a different reading of Sestina Altaforte. If you do not hear the music, Sir, God help thee…So, how does understanding of music impact poetry? — Some say intrinsic, and some have not given it a thought or two. Same goes with criticism & analysis.
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