Encrypt Electronic signature Word Free
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Encrypt Electronic signature Word Free. Explore the most end user-warm and friendly exposure to airSlate SignNow. Manage your complete record processing and discussing program digitally. Change from hand-held, document-centered and erroneous workflows to automated, digital and perfect. You can easily produce, produce and indicator any paperwork on any system everywhere. Make sure that your important business instances don't slip overboard.
See how to Encrypt Electronic signature Word Free. Adhere to the basic manual to get going:
- Create your airSlate SignNow accounts in mouse clicks or log in with the Facebook or Google account.
- Take pleasure in the 30-time free trial version or pick a rates strategy that's perfect for you.
- Discover any legitimate web template, build online fillable forms and share them safely.
- Use advanced features to Encrypt Electronic signature Word Free.
- Sign, modify putting your signature on buy and gather in-particular person signatures ten times speedier.
- Establish automatic alerts and get notices at every move.
Relocating your jobs into airSlate SignNow is simple. What follows is a simple method to Encrypt Electronic signature Word Free, together with tips to keep your fellow workers and associates for better cooperation. Inspire your staff with the best instruments to be along with enterprise functions. Enhance productivity and size your company faster.
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FAQs
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What is the meaning of “digital signature”? What is the procedure of its creation and verification?
Hello Ashutosh.A digital signature is, in very simple words, a signature applied in digital form which has a very complex system behind in order to verify the identity of the signer, intent to sign and the no tampering of the document after signing. There’s a huge difference between Electronic and Digital Signatures but they are commonly confused. An electronic signature is any signature applied using an electronic device (Tablet, Smartphone, etc) but they do not have any coding or encryption behind it to verify data such as the identity of the signer, intent to sign and that the document was not modified after the signature was applied.If you want more information about digital signatures feel free to message me. I’d be happy to help.
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What will be the upcoming growth in the digital signature market?
The Digital Signature Market Research Report provides value chain analysis on the revenue for the forecast period 2016-2023 and estimates for each application in terms of market size, share, trend and growth. Furthermore, the report quantifies the market share held by the major players of the industry and provides an in-depth view of the competitive landscape. This market is classified into different segments with detailed analysis of each with respect to geography for the study period.The market size in terms of revenue (USD MN) is calculated for the study period along with the details of ...
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Why does Satoshi Nakamoto prefer to remain unknown (or anonymous) despite coming up with the disruptive innovation?
Good question. My guess is either:Satoshi was a truly selfless individual who wanted bitcoin to remain consensus based.Satoshi is dead and is not really committed to anonymity; orSatoshi is actually a group of people. Probably including several of the likely suspects below. Although the original code may have been written by one person the language in chat rooms, message boards and even the white paper itself suggest many unique contributors. Given this vision there were also probabaly non coders/developers who helped distribute the idea and were essentially “the political advocates” who brought the code to the internet at large. These are likely some of the people listed below that I have seen referenced as “potential Satoshi’s” (although none of these leads ever panned out).In a 2011 article in The New Yorker, Joshua Davis claimed to have narrowed down the identity of Nakamoto to a number of possible individuals, including the Finnish economist Dr. Vili Lehdonvirta and Irish student Michael Clear , then a graduate student in cryptography at Trinity College Dublin and now a post-doctoral student at Georgetown University.In October 2011, writing for Fast Company, investigative journalist Adam Penenberg cited circumstantial evidence suggesting Neal King, Vladimir Oksman and Charles Bry could be Nakamoto.They jointly filed a patent application that contained the phrase "computationally impractical to reverse" in 2008, which was also used in the bitcoin white paper.May 2013, Ted Nelson speculated that Nakamoto is really Japanese mathematician Shinichi Mochizuki.Later, an article was published in The Age newspaper that claimed that Mochizuki denied these speculations, but without attributing a source for the denial.A 2013 article in Gawker listed Gavin Andresen, Jed McCaleb, Casey Botticello, or a government agency as possible candidates to be Nakamoto. Dustin D. Trammell, a Texas-based security researcher, was suggested as Nakamoto, but he publicly denied it. Casey Botticello, the head of the Cryptocurrency Alliance has refused to comment.In 2013, two Israeli mathematicians, Dorit Ron and Adi Shamir, published a paper claiming a link between Nakamoto and Ross William Ulbricht. The two based their suspicion on an analysis of the network of bitcoin transactions, but later retracted their claim.Some considered Nakamoto might be a team of people; Dan Kaminsky, a security researcher who read the bitcoin code.
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Are there any trustworthy web-to-snail mail services?
Docsmit.com’s focus is sending PDF files via USPS certified and regular first class mail. It allows you to send through:a website interface,a Windows app,a Word addin, andour REST API.These make sending certified mail as easy to send as email.We are HIGHLY focused on security. Docsmit regularly handles correspondance for law firms and insurance and financial companies (both public and private), saving a signNow amount of time.Both “data in motion” and “data at rest” are encrypted. Docsmit encrypts all data in motion for all customers using TLS (a more solid version of SSL). Your password is even hashed before it is sent to us, so that we never possess your password as cleartext. Data at rest is also encrypted.Because part of the value that Docsmit adds is as trusted third party, we have highly detailed audit trails. We provide certification as not just as to when we mailed the mailpiece, but also as to what the exact content was. We also provide the USPS Proof of Delivery if it was Certified Mail sent Return Receipt Electronic. Because we are willing to make statements as to what was actually included in the envelope, we cannot attempt to solve security by simply “deleting” files. We retain the files, for certification, if need be, behind layers of servers in a professionally managed secure facility that regularly handles HIPAA content.The formal relationship between a covered entity (e.g. a healthcare provider) and a business associate (e.g. Docsmit), including an explicit definition of the obligations of the business associate, is defined by a business associate agreement. If you have an application for which a BAA would be appropriate, please contact us at support@docsmit.com.Upload your PDF and tell us how it’s being mailed and Docsmit takes over from there printing and mailing your document.You can send documents regular first class or certified with either USPS’ money-saving Return Receipt Electronic or the traditional Green Card. For certified mail, Docsmit will keep you updated on delivery or you can check in when you want. You can call for updates via API calls or receive event updates at your own endpoint. Production and delivery updates can also be automatically delivered by email. Upon delivery, if the Return Receipt Electronic was used, you’ll get an email with a PDF containing Docsmit’s Certification of mailing, your original content, and the USPS Proof of Delivery with signature. Docsmit statuses can even go straight into a DMS/CMS.There’s no monthly fee or minimums. And no coding required.Docsmit’s REST API: https://secure.docsmit.com/api/v...Docsmit has API libraries in both PHP and C#, with examples, ready to go.If you have any questions or are ready to get started, go to www.docsmit.com for your free account or signNow out to support@docsmit.com!
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One can use the debit card of bank A to withdraw money from the ATM of bank B. How is this made possible when banks are not allo
2 words: Visa, Mastercard.First, disperse the idea that these are finance companies. They are technology companies that work almost exclusively in the finance industry.Step 1 - Start:What Visa and Mastercard do is access the data in real time. The data is not stored by them, just accessed. So when you use your SBI card in an HDFC machine, the card details are encrypted with X25 protocol, and sent to Mastercard servers (since SBI cards are issued under Maestro label which is managed by Mastercard). Here you have provided access to Mastercard into your bank details and passcode.Step 2-A:Once these details are verified, Mastercard sends back the encrypted details to HDFC machine about the validity, passcode and account balances. But, not all the details are sent at once. At first, the machine receives validity details. Once the validity is proven the validity data packet is suspended (not destroyed/dismissed/ended). The transaction moves forward and you are asked for your passcode. Once the 4-digit code is entered, the machine fetches the passcode data packet and verifies it. Depending on the machine, this may take more or less time. So instead of making the customer wait, the passcode verification happens in the background, and the transaction moves forward.Step 2-B:You now enter the amount you want to withdraw or some other transaction like mini-statement that you want to perform. The account balances packet provides the information of whether the amount is available and the machine's programming decides whether the amount is under the top limit, more than the minimum limit, and if the amount is valid.e.g. top limit of 15,000 but you can withdraw only 10,000 at a time from HDFC machines but 15,000 from SBI machines. This is from machine's programming. The amount has to be a minimum of 100. This is the machine check. The amount has to be in multiples of 100, but if you enter 900 and the machine has currency notes only for 500, you are informed so. This too is the machine check part. If all these conditions are satisfied, the last part is balance check, whether you have sufficient balance to withdraw the amount you entered. This is the Mastercard part.Step 3:Once the transaction is verified, BEFORE the money is dispensed, the passcode verification comes back with a reply. You might have experienced a delay of couple of seconds during high-transaction periods like 6:30 to 8:30 pm in India. This is because of the passcode verification part. So many verifications to process in so little time... hence, you need to wait for a second or two.If the reply is True, i.e. the passcode you entered matches the passcode stored in SBI database, the money is dispensed. If the reply is False, you get an error message and the transaction starts all over again.Step 4 - End:In either case, the transaction is said to be complete. All the data packets Mastercard had sent are now duplicated, and sent to the SBI servers along with the details of the transaction you just performed (the place, time, duration of transaction, start time, end time, amount, verification details, technical time duration of the transaction, technical start times and end times, et al - a LOT of data). Once the SBI servers respond with a signal that they have received and stored the data that was sent to them, Mastercard makes the data packets vanish into thin air, they are destroyed.This is the true end of transaction.Data Storage:So, as you see in this process, nowhere are your banking details stored except for your bank. Mastercard stores the details necessary to track the transaction - account number, times, places, amount withdrawn. But no details about your banking account like birth dates, addresses, balances, signatures, et al. This is why on the receipt of the ATM transaction, you see last digits of your account number, and not your name (if the name part was made possible, it'd have an incredible marketing potential).Access Mesh:More or less the same methodology is used by Visa. The tech will be similar to the upcoming RuPay cards. These companies have individually been given access by the banks and by the government to implement this technology that makes our lives and banking easier. Also, they are always under strict scrutiny.These companies have also granted access to each other so that Visa cards work on Mastercard machines and vice versa. The ATMs are configured to allow access to both. If a third company comes into the market, the machine firmware will need to be updated to allow access to that card e.g. RuPay. Also, RuPay will have to establish connection with Visa and Mastercard and all the banks. It is an incredibly complicated mesh. But RBI makes it look easy and helps such companies through the process.I apologize for a too-detailed response. The electronic payment processing is a subject very close to me personally. I think i have answered your question adequately amongst all this gyan. Please feel free to share any of your further queries and questions. I won't make the response this long, promise!
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Why has the Telegram Messenger become so popular?
Telegram’s business modelFrom the outset, Pavel Durov, the founder of Telegram, said that he doesn’t plan to make money from the messenger. It’s fully sponsored by him with money he earned from selling the popular social network Vkontakte. The amount invested into Telegram is estimated at $300 million.Eventually, however, Telegram’s creators commented that “you can’t burn cash forever.” But Durov assures us that the messenger will always be free for users, and that there will never be any advertising or subscription fees.Now, the company is looking for a suitable business model that wouldn’t break with its principles but would allow them to keep improving the product at the same pace.Telegram also doesn’t allow creators of bots or games to show ads in their products. Instead, in October 2016, they announced that they’re working on a unified monetization system for creators of products for the Telegram platform.The first step towards monetizing Telegram was made in September 2016 through a third-party platform when Durov’s team released paid stickers for iMessage. The money earned from those stickers is spent on designers’ salaries and the creation of new stickers.How you can make a chat app like Telegram1. SecurityThe most emphasized advantage of Telegram is its security. Telegram is one of leaders among other secure messaging apps. The creators of Telegram prioritize security as well as speed. At the very beginning, Telegram’s owners offered $200,000 to anyone who could break their messenger’s encryption. However, that money never found its owner.To build a messaging app with high security, you should decide what encryption protocol to use.All messages sent through Telegram are encrypted by a combination of 256-bit symmetric AES encryption, 2048-bit RSA encryption, and Diffie-Hellman secure key exchange.Unlike its main competitors with encryption features – Signal and WhatsApp – Telegram uses its own encryption protocol. Signal and WhatsApp use Open Whisper System’s protocol to enable end-to-end encryption in all of their chats, whereas Line’s and Telegram’s protocols are proprietary.[Image source: Mobile Forensics]But Telegram doesn’t protect all private chats with end-to-end encryption by default. Instead, it lets users choose whether they want to protect their messages by using the Secret Chat feature.In Secret Chats, users can also set a timer for their messages so they’re automatically deleted after a recipient has read them.Messages sent as secret chats aren’t stored on Telegram’s servers and can’t be forwarded. And if you try to take a screenshot of a secret chat, your partner will automatically receive a notification about your action. Media files are displayed in secret chats just by pressing and holding on them.Additionally, secret chats can only be continued from the device on which they were initiated. In other words, you can’t start a secret chat on your phone and then continue it on your tablet.According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation’s research, Telegram’s Secret Chats received a score of 7 of 7 for security.2. APITelegram shares their API and welcomes developers to use it for free in their own apps. You’re even allowed to monetize products built on the Telegram API.[Image source: Stack Overflow]According to their terms of use, Telegram restricts companies with IPOs and those “who are looking for the large round of investment” from using their API, however, because such companies are incompatible with Telegram’s core value – data privacy.3. Open Source codeTelegram’s code is completely open source. This move attracts developers to the community by giving them an opportunity to be part of the development process.We’ve already investigated Telegram’s open source code. You can find the results of this investigation in our previous article:Read: How to Create a Messaging App Like Telegram4. The most remarkable featuresSuper GroupEvery group chat in Telegram can be promoted to a super group by its creator. Super groups allow users to pin an important message. They also have more advanced moderation tools. Admins of super groups can ban spammers, report them, and delete all messages from a particular user.ChannelsTelegram channels have more than 400 million views daily. Channels support a lot of convenient publishing features including Links to Post, which allows you to share a certain message with non-users; Silent Messages, which are sent without a notification, for example, if it’s late at night; and Admin Signatures, which allows you to identify the owner of a post.Instant ViewInstant view allows you to post news links that open instantly on a user’s device. Telegram’s instant view supports only a handful of news websites such as Medium and TechCrunch so far, but it’s constantly improving.[Image source: Telegram blog]ChatbotsTelegram was one of the first messengers to launch their own bot platform. Chatbots on Telegram can perform a wide variety of tasks from reporting recent news to managing finances. Telegram’s Bot Platform is one of the most advanced to date.Cloud StorageCloud storage is a useful feature for those who switch between different devices such as a smartphone, tablet, and desktop. The fact that Telegram is cloud-based means users can sync their messaging data across all of their devices and can start typing a message on one device and continue on another.
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What are the laws - Data Protection, Data Transmission and Export and Data Encryption in India to operate a technology platform
The Information Technology Act, 2000 came into force on 17.10.2000 vide G.S.R No. 788(E) dated 17.10.2000 and for the first time, a legal definition of “Computer”, “Data”, “electronic record”, “Information” et al were provided. The said Act gave a legal recognition to the electronic records and digital signatures and in Chapter IX thereof provided for penalty and adjudication. Section 43 of the Act interalia provided that in case of unauthorised access, download or copying or damage to data etc, the person responsible shall be liable to pay damages by way of compensation not exceeding one crore rupees to the person affected.Apart from civil liability provided under Section 43, Chapter XI (Sections 63 to 78) of the Act of 2000 provided for criminal liability in cases of Tampering, Hacking, publishing or transmitting obscene material, misrepresentation etc. Apart from the same, Section 72 of the Act provided for penalty in case of bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy and laid that in case any person who has secured access to any electronic record, Data or information, discloses the same to any other person without obtaining the consent of the person concerned, he shall be punished with imprisonment upto two years or with fine upto Rupees one lakh or with both.However, the provisions of the Information Technology Act, 2000 were not adequate and the need for more stringent data protection measures were felt, the Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2008 was enacted which came into force on 27.10.2009. The said Amendment Act brought in the concepts like cyber security in the statute book and widened the scope of digital signatures by replacing the words “electronic signature”. The amendment act also provided for secure electronic signatures and enjoined the central government to prescribe security procedures and practices for securing electronic records and signatures (Sections 15-16) The amendment Act also removed the cap of Rupees One Crore as earlier provided under Section 43 for damage to computer and computer systems and for unauthorised downloading/ copying of data. The said Amendment Act also introduced Section 43A which provides for compensation to be paid in case a body corporate fails to protect the data. Section 46 of the Act prescribes that the person affected has to approach the adjudicating officer appointed under Section 46 of the Act in case the claim for injury or damage does not exceed Rupees Five crores and the civil court in case, the claim exceeds Rupees Five crores. The amendment act also brought/ introduced several new provisions which provide for offenses such as identity theft, receiving stolen computer resource/ device, cheating, violation of privacy, cyber terrorism, pornography (Section 66A-F & 67A-C). The amendment act also brought in provisions directing intermediaries to protect the data/information and penalty has been prescribed for disclosure of information of information in bsignNow of lawful contract (Section 72A)With the enactment of the Amendment Act of 2008, India for the first time got statutory provisions dealing with data protection. However, as the ingredients of “sensitive personal data and information” as well as the “reasonable security practices and procedures” were yet to be prescribed by the Central Government, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology vide Notification No. GSR 313 (E) dated 11th April 2011 made the Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information ) Rules, 2011 (the said rules). Rule 3 of the said rules defines personal sensitive data or information and provides that the same may include information relating to password, financial information such as bank account or credit card details, health condition, medical records etc. Rule 4 enjoins every body corporate which receives or deals with information to provide a privacy policy. Rule 5 prescribes that every body corporate shall obtain consent in writing from the provider of the sensitive information regarding purpose of usage before collection of such information and such body corporate will not collect such information unless it is collected for a lawful purpose connected with the function or activity of such body corporate and collection of such information or data is necessary and once such data is collected, it shall not be retained for a period longer than what is required. Rule 6 provides that disclosure of the information to any third party shall require prior permission from the provider unless such disclosure has been agreed to in the contract between the body corporate and the provider or where the disclosure is necessary for compliance of a legal obligation. The Body corporate has been barred to publish sensitive information and the third parties receiving such information have been barred to disclose it further. Rule 7 lays down that the body corporate may transfer such information to any other body corporate or person in India or outside, that ensure the same level of data protection and such transfer will be allowed only if it is necessary for performance of lawful contract between the body corporate and provider of information or where the provider has consented for data transfer. Rule 8 of the said rules further provide reasonable security practises and procedures and lays down that international standard IS/ISO/IEC 27001 on “Information Technology- Security Techniques- Information Security Management System- requirements “ would be one such standard.The Ministry of Communication and Information Technology further issued a press note dated 24th August 2011 and clarified that the said rules are applicable to the body corporate or any person located within India. The press note further provides that any body corporate providing services relating to collection or handling of sensitive personal data or information under contractual obligation with any other legal entity located within India or outside is not subject to requirements of Rules 5 &6 as mentioned hereinabove. A body corporate providing services to the provider of information under a contractual obligation directly with them however has to comply with Rules 5 &6. The said press note also clarifies that privacy policy mentioned in Rule 4 relates to the body corporate and is not with respect to any particular obligation under the contract. The press note at the end provides that the consent mentioned in Rule 5 includes consent given by any mode of electronic communication.Data Protection relates to issues relating to the collection, storage, accuracy and use of data provided by net users in the use of the World Wide Web. Visitors to any website want their privacy rights to be respected when they engage in e-Commerce. It is part of the confidence-creating role that successful e-Commerce businesses have to convey to the consumer. If industry doesn't make sure it's guarding the privacy of the data it collects, it will be the responsibility of the government and it's their obligation to enact legislation.Any transaction between two or more parties involves an exchange of essential information between the parties. Technological developments have enabled transactions by electronic means. Any such information/data collected by the parties should be used only for the specific purposes for which they were collected. The need arose, to create rights for those who have their data stored and create responsibilities for those who collect, store and process such data. The law relating to the creation of such rights and responsibilities may be referred to as ‘data protection’ law.The world’s first computer specific statute was enacted in the form of a Data Protection Act, in the German state of Hesse, in 1970.The misuse of records under the Nazi regime had raised concerns among the public about the use of computers to store and process large amounts of personal data.The Data Protection Act sought to heal such memories of misuse of information. A different rationale for the introduction of data protection legislation can be seen in the case of Sweden which introduced the first national statute in 1973.Here, data protection was seen as fitting naturally into a two hundred year old system of freedom of information with the concept of subject access (such a right allows an individual to find out what information is held about him) being identified as one of the most important aspects of the legislation.In 1995, the European Union adopted its Directive (95/46/EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (hereinafter, the Directive), establishing a detailed privacy regulatory structure. The Directive is specific on the requirements for the transfer of data. It sets down the principles regarding the transfer of data to third countries and states that personal data of EU nationals cannot be sent to countries that do not meet the EU “adequacy” standards with respect to privacy.In order to meet the EU “adequacy” standards, US developed a ‘Safe Harbour’ framework, according to which the US Department of Commerce would maintain a list of US companies that have self-certified to the safe harbor framework. An EU organization can ensure that it is sending information to a U.S. organization participating in the safe harbor by viewing the public list of safe harbor organizations posted on the official website.Data protection has emerged as an important reaction to the development of information technology. In India data protection is covered under the Information Technology Act, 2000 (hereinafter, the Act). The Act defines ‘data’ as, “‘data’ means a representation of information, knowledge, facts, concepts or instructions which are being prepared or have been prepared in a formalized manner, and is intended to be processed, is being processed or has been processed in a computer system or computer network, and may be in any form (including computer printouts magnetic or optical storage media, punched cards, punched tapes) or stored internally in the memory of the computer”. Protection of such data and privacy are covered under specific provisions in the Act. In the recent past, the need for data protection laws has been felt to cater to various needs. The following analyses the position of data protection law with respect to some of the needs.Data Protection Law In Respect of Information Technology Enabled Services (ITES)India started liberalizing its economy in the 1990’s and since then a huge upsurge in the IT business process outsourcing may be witnessed. Financial, educational, legal, marketing, healthcare, telecommunication, banking etc are only some of the services being outsourced into India. This upsurge of outsourcing of ITES into India in the recent past may be attributed to the large English-speaking unemployed populace, cheap labour, enterprising and hardworking nature of the people etc. Statistics have shown that the outsourcing industry is one of the biggest sources of employment. In a span of four years, the number of people working in call centers in the country supporting international industries has risen from 42,000 to 3,50,000. Exports were worth $5.2 billion in 2004-2005 and are expected to grow over 40% this fiscal year. US is currently the biggest investor in Indian ITES, taking advantage of cheap labour costs. Statistics indicate that software engineers with two-years experience in India are being paid about 1/5th of an equivalent US employee.Concerns about adequacy of lawBPO FraudsWith globalization and increasing BPO industry in India, protection of data warrants legislation. There are reasons for this. Every individual consumer of the BPO Industry would expect different levels of privacy from the employees who handle personal data. But there have been situations in the recent past where employees or systems have given away the personal information of customers to third parties without prior consent. So other countries providing BPO business to India expect the Indian government and BPO organizations to take measures for data protection. Countries with data protection law have guidelines that call for data protection law in the country with whom they are transacting.For instance, in, the European Union countries according to the latest guidelines, they will cease to part with data, which are considered the subject matter of protection to any third country unless such other country has a similar law on data protection. One of the essential features of any data protection law would be to prevent the flow of data to non-complying countries and such a provision when implemented may result in a loss of "Data Processing" business to some of the Indian companies.In the recent past, concerns have been raised both within the country as well as by customers abroad regarding the adequacy of data protection and privacy laws in the country. A few incidents have questioned the Indian data protection and privacy standards and have left the outsourcing industry embarrassed. In June 2005, ‘The Sun’ newspaper claimed that one of its journalists bought personal details including passwords, addresses and passport data from a Delhi IT worker for £4.25 each. Earlier BPO frauds in India include New York-based Citibank accounts being looted from a BPO in Pune and a call-center employee in Bangalore peddling credit card information to fraudsters who stole US$398,000 from British bank accounts.UK's Channel 4 TV station ran broadcast footage of a sting operation exposing middlemen hawking the financial data of 200,000 UK citizens. The documentary has prompted Britain's Information Commissioner's Office to examine the security of personal financial data at Indian call centers.In the absence of data protection laws, the kind of work that would be outsourced to India in the future would be limited. The effect of this can be very well seen in the health-care BPO business, which is estimated to be worth close to $45 billion. Lack of data protection laws have left Indian BPO outfits still stagnating in the lower end of the value chain, doing work like billing, insurance claims processing and of course transcription. Besides healthcare, players in the retail financial sector are also affected. Financial offshoring from banks is limited because of statutory compliance requirements and data privacy laws protecting sensitive financial information in accounts. In the Human Resource (HR) domain, there are many restrictions on sharing of personal information. In the medical domain, patient history needs to be protected. In credit card transactions, identity theft could be an issue and needs to be protected. Companies in the banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) sector and healthcare have excluded applications/processes which use sensitive information from their portfolio for offshoring till they are comfortable about the data protection laws prevalent in the supplier country.Since there is lack of data protection laws in India, Indian BPO outfits are trying to deal with the issue by attempting to adhere to major US and European regulations. MNCs have to comply with foreign Regulations so that they don’t lose on their international partners. There are problems involved in this. Efforts by individual companies may not count for much if companies rule out India as a BPO destination in the first place in the absence of data protection law.Today, the largest portion of BPO work coming to India is low-end call centre and data processing work. If India has to exploit the full potential of the outsourcing opportunity, then we have to move up the value chain. Outsourced work in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR)-intensive areas such as clinical research, engineering design and legal research is the way ahead for Indian BPO companies. The move up the value chain cannot happen without stringent laws. Further, weak laws would act as deterrents for FDI, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry.Looking to the above scenario, we can say that for India to achieve heights in BPO industry stringent laws for data protection and intellectual property rights have to be made. . Thus, a law on data protection on India must address the following Constitutional issues on a "priority basis" before any statutory enactment procedure is set into motion:(1) Privacy rights of interested persons in real space and cyber space.(2) Mandates of freedom of information U/A 19 (1) (a).(3) Mandates of right to know of people at large U/A 21.Once the data protection rules are enforced in India, companies outsourcing to India are unlikely to dismantle the systems they have in place straightaway, and move data more freely to India. Hence ,the need for data protection laws would win over the confidence of international business partners; protect abuse of information; protection of privacy and personal rights of individuals would be ensured; there would be more FDI inflows, global business and the establishment of research and development parks in the pharmaceutical industry & impetus to the sector of e-Commerce at national and international levels would be provided.Data protection law in India (Present status):-Data Protection law in India is included in the Act under specific provisions. Both civil and criminal liabilities are imposed for violation of data protection.(1) Section 43 deals with penalties for damage to computer, computer system etc.(2) Section 65 deals with tampering with computer source documents.(3) Section 66 deals with hacking with computer system.(4) Section 72 deals with penalty for bsignNow of confidentiality and privacy. Call centers can be included in the definition of ‘intermediary’and a ‘network service provider’ and can be penalized under this section.These developments have put the Indian government under pressure to enact more stringent data protection laws in the country in order to protect the lucrative Indian outsourcing industry. In order to use IT as a tool for socio-economic development, employment generation and to consolidate India’s position as a major player in the IT sector,amendments to the IT Act, 2000 have been approved by the cabinet and are due to be tabled in the winter session of the Parliament.Proposed amendments:-The amendments relate to the following[22]:(i) Proposal at Sec. 43 (2) related to handling of sensitive personal data or information with reasonable security practices and procedures.(ii) Gradation of severity of computer related offences under Section 66, committed dishonestly or fraudulently and punishment thereof.(iii) Proposed additional Section 72 (2) for bsignNow of confidentiality with intent to cause injury to a subscriber.It is hoped that these amendments will strengthen the law to suffice the need.Data Protection Laws In Order To Invite ‘Data Controllers’.There has been a strong opinion that if India strengthens its data protection law, it can attract multi-national corporations to India. India can be home to such corporations than a mere supplier of services.In fact, there is an argument that the EU’s data protection law is sufficient to protect the privacy of its people and thus lack of strong protection under Indian law is not a hindrance to the outsourcing industry. To enumerate, consider a company established in EU (called the ‘data controller’) and the supplier of call center services (‘data processor’) in India. If the data processor makes any mistake in the processing of personal data or there are instances of data theft, then the data controller in the EU can be made liable for the consequences. The Indian data processor is not in control of personal data and can only process data under the instructions of the data controller. Thus if a person in EU wants to exercise rights of access and retrieve personal data, the data controller has to retrieve it from the data processor, irrespective of where the data processor is located. Thus a strong data protection law is needed not only to reinforce the image of the Indian outsourcing industry but also to invite multi-national corporations to establish their corporate offices here.Data Protection And TelemarketingIndia is faced with a new phenomenon-telemarketing. This is facilitated, to a large extent, by the widespread use of mobile telephones. Telemarketing executives, now said to be available for as low as US $70 per month, process information about individuals for direct marketing. This interrupts the peace of an individual and conduct of work. There is a violation of privacy caused by such calls who, on behalf of banks, mobile phone companies, financial institutions etc. offer various schemes. The right to privacy has been read into Article 21, Constitution of India, but this has not afforded enough protection. A PIL against several banks and mobile phone service providers is pending before the Supreme Court alleging inter alia that the right to privacy has been infringed.The EC Directive confers certain rights on the people and this includes the right to prevent processing for direct marketing. Thus, a data controller is required not to process information about individuals for direct marketing if an individual asks them not to. So individuals have the right to stop unwanted marketing offers. It would be highly beneficial that data protection law in India also includes such a right to prevent unsolicited marketing offers and protect the privacy of the people.Data Protection With Regard To Governance And PeopleThe Preamble to the Act specifies that, the IT Act 2000, inter alia, will facilitate electronic filing of documents with the Government agencies. It seeks to promote efficient delivery of Government services by means of reliable electronic records. Stringent data protection laws will thus help the Government to protect the interests of its people.Data protection law is necessary to provide protection to the privacy rights of people and to hold cyber criminals responsible for their wrongful acts. Data protection law is not about keeping personal information secret. It is about creating a trusted framework for collection, exchange and use of personal data in commercial and governmental contexts. It is to permit and facilitate the commercial and governmental use of personal data.The Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and Department of Information Technology(DIT) must also rejuvenate its efforts in this regard on the similar lines. However, the best solution can come from good legislative provisions along with suitable public and employee awareness. It is high time that we must pay attention to Data Security in India. Cyber Security in India is missing and the same requires rejuvenation. When even PMO's cyber security is compromised for many months we must at least now wake up. Data bsignNowes and cyber crimes in India cannot be reduced until we make strong cyber laws. We cannot do so by mere declaring a cat as a tiger. Cyber law of India must also be supported by sound cyber security and effective cyber forensics.Indian companies in the IT and BPO sectors handle and have access to all kinds of sensitive and personal data of individuals across the world, including their credit card details, financial information and even their medical history. These Companies store confidential data and information in electronic form and this could be vulnerable in the hands of their employees. It is often misused by unsurplous elements among them. There have been instances of security bsignNowes and data leakages in high profile Indian companies. The recent incidents of data thefts in the BPO industry have raised concerns about data privacy.There is no express legislation in India dealing with data protection. Although the Personal Data Protection Bill was introduced in Parliament in 2006, it is yet to see the light of day. The bill seems to proceed on the general framework of the European Union Data Privacy Directive, 1996. It follows a comprehensive model with the bill aiming to govern the collection, processing and distribution of personal data. It is important to note that the applicability of the bill is limited to ‘personal data’ as defined in Clause 2 of the bill.The bill applies both to government as well as private enterprises engaged in data functions. There is a provision for the appointment of, “Data Controllers”, who have general superintendence and adjudicatory jurisdiction over subjects covered by the bill. It also provides that penal sanctions may be imposed on offenders in addition to compensation for damages to victims.The stringency of data protection law, whether the prevailing law will suffice such needs, whether the proposed amendments are a welcome measure, whether India needs a separate legislation for data protection etc are questions which require an in-depth analysis of the prevailing circumstances and a comparative study with laws of other countries. There is no consensus among the experts regarding these issues. These issues are not in the purview of this write-up. But there can be no doubt about the importance of data protection law in the contemporary IT scenario and are not disputable.
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