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Batman VS Spiderman, this’ll be a fun one.For people too lazy to read, I concluded that Spiderman wins against Batman 68% of the time in a head to head brawl in a city both are familiar in, while if Batman manages to escape spiderman with his many means of deception and trickery, will return with sufficient preparation time and beat spiderman 92% off the time.If you are interested in the explanation, short list of feats and how I came upon this conclusion, continue to read below.Spiderman is one of the most powerful heroes in marvel. Even in his normal self, he managed to fool and defeat two god-like mutants infested with the dark phoenix, one of the cosmic forces of the Marvel Universe if not, multiverse. Granted the power was split 1/4ths but still, an impressive feat nonetheless. He managed to sustain a beating which would kill most normal metahumans and still have his spirit unbroken, very much impressive indeed.Batman is no mere human either. He stands with what is basically gods in the Justice League and proves time and time again how much of an important asset he is. Being at peak physical human capabilities and genius level intellect, he is a force to be reckoned with.Both have impressive feats, spiderman lifting a portion of the daily bugle tower on his own which would've weighed tonnes and even dodging automatic gunfire at near point blank range, only moving until the bullets are inches from his body shows just how powerful his spider sense is.He even held against the beatings of JUGGERNAUT, one of the strongest marvel villains to date and still has enough strength to hold onto him! A feat regarding both strength, endurance and will. Amazing indeed.But batman has some impressive feats of his own. Defeating many villains from his rogues gallery which are considered to be the finest in comic book history. For instance, he defeated clayface in 8 seconds (yes I counted) where a team of superheroes that included a half kryptonian, a martian, a speedster and an atlantean could not.In one instance, there was also a time where Gotham and Gotham girl, two superheroes who were as strong as superman, were having issues fighting against Solomon Grundy. They struggled until Batman showed up and in one swift move, finished him off.Batman easily did what two metahumans at superman’s level could not, truly Impressive.Now, many people disregard this battle because of Spiderman’s overwhelming strength, durability, agility and endurance, along with his spider-sense which is incredibly powerful on it’s own. I believe that this is very much wrong and that batman indeed has a fighting chance in this battle.First off, let’s lay out the battlefield. It is a city where both combatants know well and is accustomed too, but it is neither Gotham nor Queens. This will keep the playing ground even for both to fight in.Viewing the battle, Batman will notice that Spider-man is not a normal superhero and is in fact a very skilled and powerful metahuman. Keep in mind, I am using the comic variants of the two characters for this battle. Both being skilled martial artists will engage but not in a full blown fist fight, rather by testing each other much like what Batman and Captain America did in their first duel.A swipe, a light hit, a kick, to gauge how good the competition is. Batman will have a dead giveaway that Spiderman is nowhere near as skilled as Batman is, but notices how powerful Spiderman is. Spiderman is much like most of Batman’s rogues gallery. He has superhuman strength, durability, agility and endurance which means Batman has only one advantage against Spiderman, intelligence. Spiderman is smart yes, but Batman is smarter. Far smarter. He would realize that the best way to win this battle is to lose it by means of forfeiting. Escaping Spiderman would be tough, he would have to use many means of deceptions and theatrics to catch spiderman off guard since spiderman is far more agile than him. Flashbang, sonic grenades, explosive batarangs, sonic batarangs, anything to distract Spiderman from taking him out. He has two forms of escape, the Batmobile which is unreliable considering spiderman can swing faster than most cars, or the Batwing, which would easily be able to outfly Spiderman. I predict that Spiderman has a 62–68% of capturing Batman alive and a 75–82% chance of killing him.If Batman is too escape, spiderman would be very much be finished at this point. We have seen what batman can do with sufficient preparation time. He is shown to take down the entirety of the justice league by himself. Batman would return to the batcave in Gotham to start analysis on spiderman. I’m not Batman so I wouldn’t know how he would devise a plan to defeat Spiderman but there are many ways to do that. He can overload Spiderman’s spider sense to the point where Spiderman is unable to fight. He can beat spiderman by brute force, the justice buster suit would be sufficient in this purpose. He can take spiderman out when he most least expects it by stealth with his stealth suit, which mind you was able to hide from Superman while they were both in the batcave. Just for scale, Superman can see in all 12 light spectrums and can hear a butterfly wing flap in africa while he is in america and batman hid from him. He would have no problem hiding from Spiderman’s spider sense. There are many ways to defeat spiderman if batman escapes the first battle or is given preparation time, so I conclude that batman wins 92–98% of the time with preparation time, alive or dead.This is my opinion of a fair fight between them though, considering all their strengths and weaknesses. I would love to hear other people’s opinions and arguments. I hope this has filled your curiosity OP!

SPIDER-MAN WINSand let me explain why…Batman is the superhero protector of Gotham City, a man dressed like a bat who fights against evil and strikes terror into the hearts of criminals everywhere. But that's all he is: A man. For all his acomplishments, for his acrobatics and martial training, his genius level intellect, his gadgets and other paraphernalia- all his abilities top out at peak human levels.Captain America was enhanced to the peak of human perfection by an experimental Super-Soldier Serum in order to aid the United States' war effort. For all intents and purposes, he and Batman have identical ‘power’sets. All of his attributes from his strength, to his healing, to his senses- they all top out at the-best-a-human-can-achieve levels.There’s nothing actually super about this duo if you consider their raw canonical powersets- without plot armour or help or extensive planning the average metahuman should be able to take them on reasonably competantly.Their equipment does give them better chances against enemies that actually are super:Batman: The costume Batman wears is composed by Kevlar and a little percentage of titanium; it's bullet-proof and resistant to various types of attack (explosions, impacts, falls, etc...). It's also flame-retarding and insulating. The gloves and the boots are reinforced to rebound the impact of punches and kicks. The gloves have also some metallic blades on their sides. The cape is super-light and it can be used to glide. The mask has a little percentage of lead, which shields the face of Batman from x-ray powers or x-ray technology, and incorporates an infrared and night vision viewer, auditory sensors and a sonar. The mask is accessorized with some security systems (aggravating gas, electric blasts, etc.), like the utility belt, and integrates a transmitter receiver device de voice and video.Batman keeps most of his personal field equipment in a signature piece of apparel, a yellow utility belt. The utility belt has a button to call the car in a few appearances on Justice League, and a command for teleportation to the Watchtower. Over the years it has contained items such as plastic explosives, nerve toxins, batarangs, smoke bombs, a fingerprint kit, a cutting tool, a grappling hook gun, torches, and a "re-breather" breathing device. Superman had entrusted Batman with a ring made of kryptonite, to be used should the Man of Steel ever need to be reined in (due to being mind-controlled by a villain, etc.). The kryptonite ring is contained in a lead pocket, in order to shield Batman from its radiations. The belt has also its own automatic security systems.Captain America: As Captain America Rogers wears a water and fire retardant costume, which is made of Kevlar, nomex and light weight titanium. The costume also offers a medium level of resistance to electric shocks and force impacts i.e., falls from 30 meters height and The suit cannot be pierced by normal conventional sharp edged materials like sharp wood, glass, iron, copper and aluminum. The suit also gives some resistance to high temperatures. He carries a voice-operated, wireless communicator in his left ear, which has its frequencies blocked making it highly difficult to trace its call.Rogers wears a utility belt containing mission-specific equipment such as a first aid kit (containing tweezers, antiseptic gel coated band aids, bone and muscle pain reliever spray cans and antidotes for some toxins.), military cable, lock picks, grenades, and several other materials.Peter Parker, on the other hand, is in a whole different league to these two.His Strength: Spider-Man possesses superhuman strength enabling him to press lift many tons. Spider-Man's physical strength is sufficient enough to enable him to lift and throw objects as heavy as a big rig semi truck (that’s around 40 tons) with ease. He must also pull his punches and kicks unless fighting someone of similar or greater physical durability. Otherwise, his blows would prove fatal to a normal human being. He has demonstrated that he is strong enough to knock out people with normal durability with as little as a tap to the head. As such, he rarely lets himself use all of his strength - after Doctor Octopus had taken over Spider-Man's body, he easily punched off the Scorpion's (a foe normally regarded as physically tougher than Spider-Man) jaw as he hadn't known off Spider-Man's true strength. Spider-Man's physical strength also extends into his legs, enabling him to be able to jump to a height of several stories in a single bound. Spider-Man demonstrated this when he leaped over thirty feet vertically into the air when he first leaped out of the way of an oncoming car; it should also be noted that when he first discovered his powers as a teenager, they had not developed to that of his prime.For comparison, Steve Rodgers is only consistently able to sustain lifts of 800 lbs (363 kg)His Speed: Spider-Man is capable of running and moving at speeds that are far beyond the natural physical limits of the finest human athlete. Spider-Man has shown to be fast enough to catch up to an accelerating car while on foot, but prefers to travel by webs. Spider-Man moves faster than the eye can follow, he has even moved so fast he appears as a blur. Spider-Man was able to easily outrun multiple goblin masquerade on goblin gliders, and outmaneuver their ranged attacks at the same time.For comparison Steve Rodgers is only capable of sustaining speeds of 30 mph (48 kph), and possibly twice that in a sprint over short distances.His Stamina: Spider-Man's advanced musculature produces less fatigue toxins during physical activity than an ordinary human. This allows him to exert himself physically for much longer periods of time before fatigue begins to impair him. At his peak, Spider-Man can physically exert himself at his peak capacity for several hours before the build up of fatigue toxins in his blood begins to impair him. Several accounts depict Spider-Man as able to hold his breath for eight minutes or more.For comparison Steve Rodgers is only capable of exerting himself at peak capacity for a hour without any rest and before showing signs of fatigue.His Durability: Spider-Man's body is physically tougher and more resistant to some types of injury than the body of a normal human. His body is more resistant to impact forces than anything else. He can withstand great impacts, such as falling from a height of several stories or being struck by an opponent with super strength. Events which would severely injure or kill a normal human, leave him with little to no discomfort. In the past, he has survived multiple blows from the likes of The Hulk, as well as surviving a point-blank missile explosion. Spider-Man's body is durable to the point where tensing his super-strong muscles while being punched in the torso by a trained heavyweight boxer caused the attacker's wrists to break. Spider-Man has stated that he must roll with punches thrown by people without similar strength or durability, in order to avoid breaking their wrists. Spider-Man is durable enough to survive getting beaten down by Colossus and Magik, when they were powered up by the Phoenix Force. His arm was strong enough to block Quicksilver while the speedster was in motion.For comparison, Steve Rodgers’ body is ‘amplified to the highest human potential’ in regards to durability: IE less then super-human.His Agility: Spider-Man's agility, balance, and bodily coordination are all enhanced to levels that are far beyond the natural physical limits of the finest human athlete. Spider-Man is extraordinarily limber and his tendons and signNow tissues are twice as elastic as the average human being's, despite their enhanced strength. He has the combined agility and acrobatic prowess of the most accomplished circus aerialists and acrobats. He can also perform any complicated sequence of gymnastic stunts such as flips, rolls, and springs. He can easily match or top any Olympic record at gymnastics apparatus such as flying rings, climbing ropes, horizontal bars, trampolines, and even surpass the likes of Captain America and Daredevil.His Healing: Spider-Man's increased metabolism allows faster healing. While not on Wolverine's level, it is sufficient enough to recover from severe injuries from broken bones and large amounts of tissue damage in a matter of several days. During a battle with a villain called the Masked Marauder, Spider-Man is rendered completely blind, however after about 2 days his sight was perfect, albeit sensitive for about a day after. In his encounter with Firebrand, Spider-Man suffered severe 3rd degree burns, but completely healed in a unspecified amount of time.His Resistances: Due to his accelerated metabolism, Spider-Man has a higher tolerance for drugs and diseases than normal humans, and he can recover from the effects of larger doses rapidly. During an encounter with the Swarm, Spider-Man was incapacitated by thousands of bee stings, but recovered in less than 24 hours. His resistance and recovery time to other toxins and diseases varies, but is typically signNowly higher than normal. Spider-Man's unique physiology even allowed him to recover from the effects of vampirism as stated by Blade, his radioactive blood will kill the enzymes responsible for his transformation and revert him to normal. Spider-Man was able to recover completely from acid being spat into his eyes by the new Vulture although the extent of the damage may have been restricted due to his superhuman durability. However, Spider-Man has the normal human tolerance for alcoholic beverages.His Reflexes: Spider-Man's reflexes are similarly enhanced and are currently about forty times greater than those of an ordinary human. In combination with his spider-sense, the speed of his reflexes allows him to dodge almost any attack, or even gunfire, given sufficient distance. Spider-Man has even been shown in some cases, to be able to dodge gunfire using just his reflexes without his Spider-Sense.His Mental Facaulties: With an IQ north of 250, Peter is easily one of the most intelligent men on Earth. Some of the Earth's most brilliant minds such as Reed Richards and Hank Pym have acknowledged Peter's intellect, with the former acknowledging him as an intellectual equal whose potential rivals his own. In addition, Peter's college IQ scores were the same as those posted by Reed Richards at the same age. Peter was also able to hack into Stark Industries system to override Tony Stark's control command over the Iron Spider Armor, and discover Parker Particles, a force of energy tied into the continuous expansion of the universe that offers greater power than the Phoenix Force, according to Reed Richards.In all physical and mental regards Spider-Man COMPLETELY outstrips both Captain America and Batman. I know Spider-Man and Cap have stalemated each other in a fight before, but come on- look back on those power comparisons, the plot-armour was strong with Cap that day.This is also, of course, without yet mentioning his other powers which would be undeniable advantages, namely:Wall-crawling: Spider-Man's exposure to the mutated spider venom induced a mutagenic, cerebellum-wide alteration of his engrams resulting in the ability to mentally control the flux of inter-atomic attraction (electrostatic force) between molecular boundary layers. This overcomes the outer electron shell's normal behavior of mutual repulsion with other outer electron shells and permits the tremendous potential for electron attraction to prevail. The mentally controlled sub-atomic particle responsible for this has yet to be identified. This ability to affect the attraction between surfaces is so far limited to Spider-Man's body (especially concentrated in his hands and feet) and another object, with an upper limit of several tons per finger. At one point, Spider-Man was able to prevent Anti-Venom from taking his mask off by making it stick to his face.This would allow him to be able to out-maneauver Batman and Captain America constantly, attacking from angles and positions their normal foes wouldn’t be capable of and therefore putting them on the backfoot.Spidey Senses: Spider-Man possesses an extrasensory "danger" or "spider" sense which warns him of potential immediate danger by the manifestation of a tingling sensation in the back of his skull, and links with his superhuman kinesthetics, enabling him to evade most any injuries, unless he cognitively overrides his automatic reflexes. The precise nature of this sense is unknown, though the Master Weaver states it is enabled by his connection to the Web of Life and Destiny. It appears to be a simultaneous clairvoyant response to a wide variety of phenomena (everything from falling safes to speeding bullets to thrown punches), which has given several hundredths of a second warning, which is sufficient time for his reflexes to allow him to avoid injury. The sense also can create a general response on the order of several minutes: he cannot discern the nature of the threat by the sensation. He can, however, discern the severity of the danger by the strength of his response to it. Spider-Man's spider-sense is directional and can guide him to or away from hidden weapons and enemies. Sudden and extreme threats can cause his spider-sense to react with painful intensity. Spider-Man can also sense and dodge attacks directed randomly or by an artificial intelligence. Using his spider-sense to time his enhanced reflexes, Spider-Man can casually dodge attacks up to and including automatic-weapons fire, provided there is sufficient distance. His spider-sense is sufficiently well-linked to his reflexes to the point that a threat can trigger them even when Spider-Man is asleep or stunned. His spider-sense has helped him preserve his secret identity since it alerts him to observers or cameras when changing into or out of his costume. The spider-sense does react to those who Peter does not consider to be a threat, such as Aunt May, or when a fellow hero makes a bluff while playing poker. Spider-Man can choose to ignore his spider-sense, and distraction or fatigue diminish its effectiveness. Spider-Man's fighting style incorporates the advantage that his "spider-sense" provides him. His body begins to produce more adrenaline after the sense is triggered, an extension of the 'fight or flight syndrome.' Even when he does not have the use of his eyes, Spider-Man can still use his Spider Sense in a similar fashion to Daredevil's Radar Sense to help him see by sensing the direction the danger is coming from by listening on the loudest noise around him. This was first used after Spider-Man was temporarily blinded by a device but was recently used again to help locate the new Vulture after his acidic breath blinded him.Lets face it, unless Spider-Man lets them, there’s no reasonable explanation for how Captain America and Batman could even land a hit.The way I see a situation like this going? Spider-Man uses his webs to encumber and slow Cap and Bats, repeatedly, hampering them as he dodges the vast majority, if not all, of their attempted strikes, eventually getting an angle that lets him spray web over their faces to suffocate them into unconsciousness. Then he’ll use a small amount of web solvent to make holes in the web-masks so they can breath again, before leaving.

Let's not take all the bogus “Low Indian self-esteem” answers/opinion here at face value. Let's talk about TECHNOLOGY!Design: The Tejas is an Unstable design with Relaxed static stability(RSS). Unstable design with RSS is more agile and maneuverable than conventional 4th generation “stable designs”. In simpler words, an unstable 2 wheeler bike will have better turn rates and agility than a stable 4 wheeler. I believe Tejas is the most unstable fighter in the IAF.2. Flight Controls: Unstable designs need a power Flight control system to maintain artificial stability in the air. In this regard, Tejas has the most advanced Flight control system in the world:- A Quadruplex (4 channel) Digital Fly by Wire system. The Su-30MKI is the only other fighter in the IAF with comparable Fly By Wire system. Mirage2000 has a very basic 2 channel Fly By Wire system, while the remaining fighters in the IAF still have mechanical controls and no Fly by Wire system.3. Aircraft Make: Tejas is a World beater in this category. Traditionally fighters were made completely of metal. But modern 4.5th generation fighters have a lot of advanced composites over metal in the airframe. Composites are easier to maintain, makes the fighter lighter and most importantly does not reflect radar waves making the fighter stealthy. Coming to Tejas, 90% of the Airframe surface area is made of composites, the highest in the world!4. Stealth: Tejas is not only the stealthiest fighter in the IAF but also arguably the stealthiest 4.5th generation fighter in the world. Its radar signature is estimated to be just 1/3rd of a Mirage2000. Apart from the use of composites and its small size a Y-duct inlet which shields the engine compressor face from probing radar waves, and the application of radar-absorbent material (RAM) coatings are intended to minimize its susceptibility to detection and tracking.5. Cockpit and avionics: The Tejas has a Glass cockpit with 100% Digital controls., unlike Mirage2000/Mig 29, etc which traditionally have a lot of analog systems controls in the cockpit. The biggest stamp of approval about the avionics are from the pilots themselves“"Tejas is best in its class with excellent onboard systems and avionics," said the ace pilot hailing from Srirangam in Tamil Nadu. He said the avionics in Tejas is leagues ahead when compared to other contemporary aircraft of its kind in the world. “Read more at https://www.oneindia.com/india/t...6. Talking Fighter? : Some of the most advanced software have gone into developing the Tejas making it an intelligent “talking machine”. The Tejas is highly responsive to the pilot’s inputs giving him all the information he needs to have access to. It tells you what all it is capable of and what it cannot do. The aircraft also tells you what is wrong with it. As an engineer, you need not to break your head to diagnose technical issues as it also pinpoints any issues during maintenance.‘Intelligent’ Tejas does the ‘talking’; pilots & engineers are not complaining7. Thrust to Weight Ratio: Tejas has a TW ratio of 0.96(100% fuel), which is the best in its class among all Light Combat Fighters in the world.Conclusion: To be fair, Tejas is one of the most advanced platforms in the world as of today. Its Design, Flight controls, Composite usage, Software, Avionics, and all other Core technologies are comparable to the Best in the World. Its wide range of Weapons package is also impressive! While Mig 29, Mirage2000, Jaguars start to get obsolete 12–15 years down the line..it will be the Su-30MKI and Tejas that will form the backbone of the IAF.Debunking some misconceptions about this brilliant fighter though :Tejas is overweight: No, Tejas is the Lightest 4.5th generation fighter in the world. Asking for anything lighter is living in unrealistic fantasy land.Weak Thrust to Weight Ratio: As mentioned before, the Tejas has a TW ratio of 0.96, best in its class. Offcourse its always better to have a higher TW ratio and the Tejas mk2 would possibly have a TW ratio of over 1.00, but 0.96 is from no angle “weak. Its better than Mirage2000, JF-17, Jas Gripen, FA-50, Jaguars to name some.Most of the parts are imported: False. Most of the parts are Indian. In terms of numbers, 25% of the components are imported. In terms of value, it is 40%.The third line of Defence: That's a bogus thing that keeps repeating.Su-30MKI is the first line..Mirage2000 second line..Tejas 3rd line bullshit. There is no such concept in the IAF. Though most fighters in the IAF are Multi-role, they excel at certain roles which are then appointed to them.High maintenance: Absolutely not. Its one of the easiest to maintain owing to the fact its single engine, Light, has a composite aircraft and advanced software to point out the issues.Low Range and Payload: Its Range and Payload is proportional to its Weight. You cannot expect a Horse to carry as much weight as an Elephant. In fact, I would say Tejas packs more than its Weight. Being just 6.5 tons, it can carry another almost 6 tons of Internal fuel + External payloads.And Finally to conclude-Overall How does Tejas compare to Migs and Mirages in the IAF? :To a specific query on how best was Tejas when compared to the MiGs and Mirages, Ranga said: "Generation ahead of Mirage, MiG. You can't compare apples with oranges."Read more at https://www.oneindia.com/india/t...Why is Tejas generation ahead of Migs and Mirages is explained in the first 7 points?

what are the latest topics for research papers on cryptography ? You can use any of the research paper as reference for latest topics in Cryptography: Source: Security, Cryptography, and Privacy200 PublicationsAd Injection at Scale: Assessing Deceptive Advertisement ModificationsKurt Thomas, Elie Bursztein, Chris Grier, Grant Ho, Nav Jagpal, Alexandros Kapravelos, Damon McCoy, Antonio Nappa, Vern Paxson, Paul Pearce, Niels Provos, Moheeb Abu RajabProceedings of the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy (2015)Adding Third-Party Authentication to Open edX: A Case StudyJohn Cox, Pavel SimakovProceedings of the Second (2015) ACM Conference on Learn...

Anonymous OP= Sadist w/o enough proof and evidence a.k.a TROLL.So here it is for Ya’all sadists fanboys.LOOK AT IT. UNDERSTAND IT. DIGEST IT. RESPECT IT!The answer is very long, but I assure you that it is to the point and will answer both questions in detail.The LCA-Tejas is the replacement for the soviet origin Mig-21 fighter aircrafts, which have been in air for around 70 years with various air-forces across the globe, Indian Air Force being a major customer with considerable numbers still in service. The LCA has hit the production lines and 123 are on order.But it is still a question if LCA is a worthy successor to the Mig-21? and if the country has gained anything from this or is it just another piece of junk?This answer shall dig into the above questions.Content:1.Role2.Aerodynamics3.Stealth4.Safety5.How it has helped the country?ROLE:Mig-21: It was primarily designed and inducted as an Interceptor, Later it was modified as CAS and a airsuperiority fighter.LCA: Point defense, multi-role fighter.Inference: The primary job of an interceptor is to gain speed and height quickly and to intercept incoming threats. They are not primarily designed to undertake CAS and Air-superiority fighter roles whereas LCA from the first day was supposed to be a multirole fighter. The design of Mig allows it to travel at very high speeds with degraded performance at low speed where as LCA has a balanced performance in all speed regimes.Little knowledge before going further:Aspect Ratio(AR): Ratio of total lenth of wing(wing span) to ChordWing loading(WL): It is ratio of gross weight to be carried by wing to area of wingLeading edge/Trailing edge :Anhedral/Dihedral:Chord: Line joining Leading edge to trailing edgeAOA: Angle between chord and Wind.Critical AOA: AOA for which lift is maximum or angle after which lift starts decreasing rapidly.Relation of AR with lift:Lift Vs AOA for various AR:Inference :Higher AR will have higher LiftMore the AR less will be the Critical AOA.Higher the AR, higher the induced dragAerodynamics of Delta Wings:Lift generated by delta wing has two components: Vortex lift+Potential Flow lift (read Lift on a flat plate)At lower angle of attack the lift is only the Potential flow component.(AOA=0*-5*)At higher angle of attacks Vortex are generated by the leading edge, which flow over wing and creates a low pressure region over wing and hence lift is generated.(AOA=5*-20*)At higher AOA the vortex starts getting disturbed and lift is decreased but can be controlled by certain measures.(AOA=20*-30*)Delta wing shows low lift at low A.O.A because of following reasons:More surface area for given amount of lift causes more viscous drag which decreases Lift/Drag ratio. More the ratio is better the lift.At low AOA the formation of vortex is not uniform or flow separation or due to vortex burst(I oversimplified way too much).Relation of WL with Maneuverability: The less the WL the better and faster will be the roll maneuver.AERODYNAMICS:Wing Type:Mig-21: Pure Cropped Delta with tail.LCA: Cropped Compound tailless delta.Inference: Mig had an extra control surface that added to the drag at high speed regime. Being pure cropped delta has it’s fair share of disadvantages as i mentioned above. Also due to the design the take off speed and distance is more for Mig-21 than Tejas.AR:Mig-21: 2.2LCA: ~1.75(Wing span^2 / wing area)Inference: Mig-21 focuses on more lift whereas LCA for less drag, no one wins in this department all matter of priorities. Trade-offs can’t be avoided.WL:Mig-21: 452LCA: 247Inference: LCA is a clear winner, this makes LCA more maneuverable in combat.Thrust to Weight Ratio:Mig-21: 0.7LCA: 1.07Inference: LCA wins, this gives LCA a better climb rate than Mig-21.Wing Position:Mig-21: -2* dihedralIts 2 deg annhedral sirLCA: Anhedral:Inference: Anhedral position of delta wings generates extra lift. LCA wins.AOA: This part is tricky.Mig-21:30*LCA:28*Inference: Despite using dihedral swept back cranks LCA has AOA 2* less than Mig-21, but at the same time it is good in terms of existing 4.5 gen aircrafts. The reason for the following can be the pure delta of Mig-21 which are best suited in for high AOA but poor lift at low AOA where as LCA tries to keep the lift enact even at low AOA and low speed, so the reduction of 2* AOA in LCA is a trade-off for a wider flight envelope.STEALTH:Inlet:Mig-21: Inlet cone with Inlet at front of the plane.LCA: Supersonic, Y-duct below and behind the wing.Inference: Mig doesnot gives stealth due to the protruding cone and compressor RCS just visible at the front whre as LCA has two advantage:Stealth by covering the Compressor RCS.Continious suppply of air at high AOA.Material Used:Mig-21: Mostly metal or alluminium alloyLCA: 44% is Carbon composite.Inference: LCA is more lighter, stronger and stealthier.Wing Blending: The Blending of wing with fuselage in LCA does two things:Lower down the RCS.Make fuselage a Lift generating object. This feature is not present in Mig-21.RAM: Extensive use of RAM(Radar Absorbing Materials) decrease the RCS both of body and the Cockpit through canopy.SAFETY:Needless to say from the day LCA was first flown it had never ever met with an accident, Mig-21 doesnot have a appreciable safety record which has earned it the name of “Flying Coffin”.IS LCA PROJECT A SCAM ON TAXPAYERS MONEY?Well, probably what’s your say on these?We paid $2B for INS vikramaditya when it was projected to be several millions.We are paying more than $3B for FGFA but the work share and ToT is still questionable.We are major share holder in Mig-29 and SU-30 MKI developement and still the supplier doesn't share spare parts of the same, result being more than 40% fighters being grounded at any given time and frequent crashes.We bought T-90S but it's FCS, Armour and Air condition, RCWS all run on that developed by DRDO for Arjun MBT, same stands for T-72 CIA. Reason Russia didn’t share the ToT as per agreement.Add up all these and the total financial figure can easily cross $10B. But still the media never shys away from calling this utterly over expensive, frequent maintainance and accident prone Russian equipments some sort of “Brahmastra” and the LCA which hasn’t met with an accident so far and an availability of 73% all the time a DUD. This is a bigger scam. Isn’t it?Coming to Tejas:1. It was meant to replace Mig-21 which was not a key fighter either.2.LCA remains the cheapest programme with just $1B on it’s R&D. Atleast one-fourteenth of the budget of nearest contemporary and still comparable.Can the OP produce any official reports to quantify the fact that an aircraft which is developed by an R&D organisation whose Total R&D budget is one-sixth of an E-retailing company’s R&D and having underpaid scientists as compared to it’s international peers is a SCAM.IS IT A CHEAP MIRAGE COPY?Perhaps NO. Why?Here is it :WING POSITION W.R.T FUSELAGE:Mirage: Flat i.e 0* w.r.t to horizontol axis.LCA: AnhedralInference: For Delta Wings Anhedral placement creates more lift, which further help to counter the lack of lift during slow speeds in tejas but thats not the case with Mirage, suffers lack of lift during slow speeds.Extra LIFT AND PERFORMANCE INCREMENT DEVICES(Canards/LERX/Chine etc):Mirage: Small strake on the intakes above wing.LCA: Crank (Marked in pink and dihedrally placed)Inference: Mirage doesnot have any Lift increment device, the strakes it uses it gives a littlehelp in maintaining airflow at high AOA but not very effective , unlike tejas whose dihedrally positioned forward swept crank helps it a lot to maintain lift at high angle of attack(AOA) by delaying flow separation above wings.BLENDING WING : Look at wing- fuselage for junction both :Mirage: The junction is clearly visible.LCA: There is blending of juction between wing-fuselage.Inference: Now this feature does two things-Makes the fuselage self lift creating object.Helps to reduce the RCS and add stealth to aircraft.Mirage is in disadvantage in this one.WING-LOADING : The lower the better. Lower wing loading is a key deciding factor about the maneuverability of aircraft. Lower wing-loading helps in better dogfight.Mirage:337 kg/m²LCA: 247 kg/m²Now comes the most complex of all but rather ignored topic the INTAKES. The topic is scientifically very critical in deciding the performance of aircraft.The position of inlet:Mirage: Beside the fuselage.LCA: Under and Behind wing.Inference: Putting the inlet sidewise, creates airflow moving over the surface of the fuselage develops a turbulent boundary layer, and ingesting this turbulent boundary layer into the engines may causes problems in the compressors if not it adds to drag. Also at high AOA this position of inlets does not ensure a good performance but in case of tejas the position of inlet behind wind ensures a considerable of amount of air supply to engine at high AOA which is not in case of Mirage.Type of Intake:Further the intakes of Mirage are old gen intake comprising inlet cone but which doesnot helps to guard the compressor RCS, but Tejas uses Y-Duct intake that curtails the compressor RCS and gives a big RCS reduction to tejas and adds to tejas’s stealth which is not the case with Mirage.Above: Inlet cone of Mirage; Below: Y-duct inlet design.Conclusion: Where Mirage was primarily developed to replace Mirage III it was supposed to be a interceptor and good ground attack capability which are the strong points of mirage but lacks little bit in Air to Air and Stealth capability whereas the LCA was always supposed to be point defense fighter to replace Mig-21 , hence it was supposed to have a well balance of ground attack, Air to Air combat and Stealth. Though LCA lacks in terms of range but thats a trade off between aerodynamics, stealth and attack capability just like the Mirage which does just the reverse. It’s all matter of priorities. The following points proves that LCA is not copy of Mirage-2000 either!A SHEAR WASTE OF TAXPAYERS MONEY?Hell No, I don’t believe so!TEJAS IS NOT A FIFITH GENERATION AIRCRAFT. IT WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE ONE. IT IS REPLACEMENT FOR MIG-21. IT DOES JOB QUITE WELL. LETS KEEP IT THAT WAY. TELLING TEJAS IS FIFTH GENRATION AIRCRAFT WHEN IT IS NOT IS UNDERMINING THE AIRCRAFT DELIBERATELY. WE HAVE FGFA AND AMCA PROGRAMMES TO TAKE CARE OF FIFTH GENERATION AIRCRAFT NEEDS.Rest of the answer i am reposting one of my earlier ones:IAF is at least of its air squadron power ever, this answer shall also look into this point if this situation was sudden or it was predictable.HAL tejas a failure or Success?Well its time to find out…Content:History of developement: HAL Marut, MCA(Most of us won’t have even heard of it), LCA-tejasTechnologies developed: Fly-by wire, engine, radar, aerodynamics, avionicscontribution to the industry/ country .comparison of budgets with other fighter jets?Let’s start with:HISTORY:HAL MARUT:The first supersonic fighter jets in Asia.Served efficiently from 1960–1991 without any severe problems.Also IAF was enjoying aerial supremacy in the region with the newly developed and bought 1200 Mig-21, during this time the PLAAF was not as strong as IAF. But Chinese realised “SOMETHING” that we (excluding navy) didn’t and are still denying from realising it.It was first fighter jet developed, designed and manufactured in India.It got some engine problems, GTRE did developed engine for it, it worked with complete efficiency but was incompatible with aircraft. Had there been foresightedness in airforce, governement and beuraucracy a little more funds would have given us a new engine for Marut. But Marut died a slow death given by beuraucracy, poor R&D funding(which still is poor), and lack of foresightedness.HAL MCA(Medium Combat Aircraft): Say Hello to this Guy!!It was the twin engined, vertical stabilizer less, 360 Thrust vectoring nozzle aircraft a.k.a twin engined MCA(big brother of MCA)It was proposed in early 2000s.But We did the same mistake again, IAF showed little interest in the program and the plan was shelved back in 2000s and the IAF insisted on the LCA and insisted for 126 MCA from foreign and hence started the saga of 126 MMRCA with tender being issued in 2001. The deal was signed for just 36 in 2016. We wasted 16 years again, had there been foresightedness and less corruption in the system , with proper absorption of public and private industry, this thing would have been already into the sky.But, it never saw the daylight and remained a proposal.HAL TEJAS:The so called 1980 is just a media propaganda, it was the year IAF mentioned this matter, 1984 ADA was formed and 1990 finally funds were released so actual commencement was 1990 and not alleged 1980.At last there was some ray of hope though tarnished by 1999 nuclear test embargos, Tejas took to the sky in 2001.LCA was named tejas by then PM.Shri Atal Bihari Bajpayee. The programme went well till 2004, it slowed down after 2004 due to slack nature of then government, corruption throughout the reign rocked the entire country during this period, Let alone tejas it was just a small Fighter jet under developement.2014 BJP governement came back again with absolute majority and Defense Minister being Manohar parrikar, clearly stating that Tejas is his dream project.Tejas programme in this two year period i.e 2014–16 saw a faster speed of developement with 123 strong tejas being ordered by DAC and in early 2017 it’s FOC started with successfull firing of Derby guided missile in guided missile mode.TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED:Airframe and Aerodynamics(including stealth):The exact RCS of tejas is unknown. But it is said that it is “1/3 of mirage”, considerably low as compared to other 4th generation aircrafts because ofHigh usage of carbon composites.Being small in size adds to the lowering the RCS.Y-shape inlets that reduces the heat signature of the engine..Use of RAM(Radar Absorbent material) paints.Addition of AESA radar in mk1a and mk2 will ensure that tejas locks on to the target before target sees it which adds to the LO feature.Radar waves normally enter the cockpit reflects of objects & possibly return to the radar and even the HMD of pilot itself contributes to RCS. To avoid this Tejas canopy is coated with a thin film transparent conductor of Indium Tin Oxide. The coating is thin enough that it has no adverse effect on pilot vision and can reflect the radar waves away from the radar antenna.quadraplex digital fly-by-wire control system.ENGINE:A little bit history about the kaveri engine:The GTRE GTX-35VS Kaveri is a turbofan project developed by the (GTRE), a lab under the DRDOT the Kaveri was originally intended to power production models of the Tejas LCA fighter.This was approx 202 mn $ project.Later on the project was divided into two category: K9 and K 10K9: Will be completely indigenous with only foreign consultation and certification.K10: Will be a joint venture with a foreign partner.Problems that occured:Kaveri engine in its present form uses directionally solidified blade technology which is rather an old tech and it couldn’t tolerate the high temperature in its combustion chamber called “Kabini”. The solution was “single crystal blades”The thrust generated was nearly 65 to 70% of what was needed.Performance decay at high altitude.A peculiar noise when in after burning mode..Here comes the MMRCA deal which many think was a bad decision by the current leadership as it just bought 36 rafales. But if we look closely to the offset, it was boon to us as under the offset:Snecma which manufacture the Rafales M-88 core agreed to help and signNow the engine in 18 months.DRDO has been given a virtual carte blanche to channelise offsets from the Indian Rafale deal to resurrect the Kaveri.Snecma, a partner in the Rafale programme, builds the Rafale’s twin M88 turbofan engines. Under the terms of the partnership , Snecma is working to modify, signNow and integrate the Kaveri on a Light Combat Aircraft airframe before 2020.A later phase in the partnership will involve modifications on the Kaveri for a twin configuration on India’s AMCA fifth generation fighter concept and an altered non-reheat version for the Ghatak UCAV.According to DRDO chief the kaveri engine will be ready by next aero india.Another good new is that altitude test and flying test bed trials have been completed. Official statement of MoD in Parliament” In a written reply to the Lok Sabha in December 2016, Minister of State for Defence Subhash Bhamre had called the effort of the GTRE in developing the engine as “an attempt to mastering one of the most complex technologies”. The minister said the altitude test and flying test bed trials for the engine had been completed and other developmental problems were being addressed to make the engine flight-worthy through in-house efforts as well with assistance from abroad”.The engine will be first used on Tejas PV-1.Other uses will beGhatak UCAV(Dry variant or w/o afterburner)AMCATejas Mk2Also, Rolls royce has collaborated with DRDO on developing the K10 engine. This engine’s first prototype is to be expected in 12 month. The news was broken out in Aero-india 2017 in february.http://www.thehindu.com/news/nat...UK’s Rolls Royce, India’s DRDO working together on engine for fighter jetsWIND TUNNEL FACILITIES:Perhaps you have made this 74 Wind tunnel facilities across the country and other aerospace testing centres.LCA was the principle project that compelled India to develope all this centres of excellence indigenously after being kicked out from Buffalo, USA after ’99 nuclear test.AVIONICS:Indigenous HUD.EW suite for Tejas is under developement for LCA but since it is small it has to be compact other than that Tusker EW suite is the bigger derivative of the suite Mayavi EW for LCA and is used for Mig-29, jaguar and Su-30. Samyukta is also another EW suite that has used the experience from past developement of Mayavi and tusker EW.Early version of tejas (PVs) had analog display now they fly on Digital display designed by DARE(DRDO).Also DARE has developed the litening targetting pod for effective targetting of air version of brahmos.It’s HMD is ELBIT designed, but its friend and foe detection is designed by DRDO.UTTAM AESA (Further updates:Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to Is India developing/working on AESA radars?)radar has given rise to many other forms of AESA radar such as that used on swordfish radar, AEW&C, recently successfully launched QRSAM.CONTRIBUTION TO COUNTRY/INDUSTRY:Private sector giants especially TATA SED and L&T have gained a lot of experience in electronics and manufacturing respectively.It has created a chain of MSMEs.Almost entire fuselage which includes wings, center of fuselage is made by private companies and HAL is only a integrator.AMOUNT OF RESOURCE:Tejas is the most economical 4.5 gen aircraft programme ever with $1 bn spent on programme, whereas Gripen is 14 bn$ programme and F-16 even more.Tejas has never ever faced an accident whereas its competitor Grippen has faced Two accidents.Given the amount of experience by spending the least amount of money compared to any fighter jet programme as shown by above facts and two failed attempts to develope or continue to develope a fighter jets, TEJAS LCA IS A SUCCESS.The “SOMETHING” that i mentioned earlier is the thing that complete indigenisation is the only way you can survive for long and you can see how strong and thriving the chinese aerospace industry is now(you can abuse me as traitor, porkistani and whatever you may like).But it’s time to accept that only R&D can give us what we call as self reliance and not so called ToT that we keep asking from other nations.No nation will give critical technologies that have made them pioneers of their respective field. By giving critical tech to another company, no parent company in sane mind would create their own competitor. But w/o critical tech we can’t modify the weapon platforms according to needs as all IPR are reserved with the parent company, forget about creating a new one.Hence LCA TEJAS is a success and the present squadron crisis was predictable and also preventable had there been foresightedness in IAF, beuraucracy to develope complete R&D infrastructure by consuming potential of both private and public sector also academic institutions to the fullest.Hope this is sufficient for you, or else I can serve more but that will be on further requests. LOLz.Footnotes:1.Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to After the failure of Kaveri GTX jet engine is India still developing an indigenous jet engine?2.https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-India-develop-its-own-AESA-radar/answer/Soikot-Banerjee?srid=RKYr3.Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to Why can't India develop its own AESA radar?4.https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-RCS-of-Tejas/answer/Soikot-Banerjee?srid=RKYrPic credits: Google and Respective ownerPic credits: GooglePic credits:respective owners and google.Data: Wikipedia

LCA Tejas is India’s program for developing a modern multi-role light combat aircraft. Here is a discussion about the aircraft and an overview of the program:Purpose and Objectives:Tejas is developed with the primary objective of replacing MiG-21 and 27 fleet of Indian Air Force and play the role of an interceptor with air-superiority capability. But it is also expected to have ground support and attack as well as anti-ship capability i.e. it is to be a multi-role aircraft. It also has to be cheap and maintenance-friendly.1) Tejas has high maneuverability and agility and can fire Close-comb...

Couple of Reasons :1— Its not a matter of Choice. US Sanctions ( Couldn’t have F - 16s or F - 15s) and Non availability of adequate funds for buying a European option such as Euro Fighter or SAAB JAS 39-C /D.2- Pakistan didn’t enjoy historical ties with Russia ; So that option was closed. French also succumbed under US pressure.3 — PAF Doctorine was based on Single Engine Fighter Jets fleet of smaller size but greater efficiency.4 - Aging Fleet of A-5s , J 7 Chengdu , Mirage III needed immediate replacements. PAF needed answer to IAF Upgrading thier Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG - 29s.5- Chinese option was left - Either could have bought a J -10 or go for an indigenous Platform building.6- Pilots were trained and all logistics / systems were meant for Mirage and F16s. Hence needed a similar jet.7— PAF & PAC needed a Platform with which they can fiddle, play around (without prohibitions and source code issues) to fit the various BVRs , AMRAAMs, Glide Bombs & Tactical weapons.8— Cost Effectiveness - Block I at 12 MUS$ , Block II at 18M US$, Block II Upgraded at 25 MUS$ and Block III at 30 - 35 M US$…Design FeaturesAerodynamic ConfigurationBifurcated side air inlet with incorporation of latest BUMP intake technology for improved performanceLeading edge maneuvering flapsTrailing edge flapsTwin Ventral FinsLanding GearNose gear with steeringMain gear with paddle controlled hydraulic brakes andanti-skid braking system.Comfortable Cockpit Escape and Egress SystemNVG compatible cockpit conforming to US MILStandard, suitable for 3% to 98% percentile range of pilots.Single Piece Stretch Acrylic Transparent Canopyproviding a good all around Field of VieEjection Seata- Latest Martin Baker high performance ejection seatb- Canopy Severance System for additional safetyc- French Oxygen Regulation Systemd- Passive Leg Restraint SystemEnvironment Control System and Oxygen SystemEffective control of cockpit pressure and temperatureEffective temperature and humidity control of cockpitand avionics for optimum performanceEfficient Anti G system for PilotOxygen supply duration three hoursFlight Control SystemComposite Flight Control System comprising conventional controls with stability augmentation in roll and yaw axis and fly by wire in pitch axisQuad-redundancy in Fly By Wire SystemAutopilot with Altitude hold and Attitude hold modesFuel SystemTotal internal fuel 5130 lb (3000 liters)Single point pressure refueling systemExternal Fuela- One centre line drop tank 800 litersb- Two under wing drop tanks 800/1100 litersAvionics SuiteThe avionics suite makes the JF-17 an effective weapon platform. The glass cockpit and hands on throttle and stick (HOTAS) controls reduce pilot workload. Accurate navigation and weapon aiming information on the head up display help the pilot achieve his mission effectively. The multifunction displays provide information on engine, fuel, hydraulics, electrical, flight control and environmental control system on a need-to-know basis along with basic flight and tactical information. The capability has been built around highly modern state-of-the-art avionics equipment. The salient avionics equipment is as follows:Dual redundant mission computersDual redundant 1553 Mux bus architectureMulti-mode Pulse Doppler Radar capable of tracking multiple targets with prioritized firingRing laser gyro inertial navigation system tied with GPSSmart head up display with up front control panel. SHUD total field of view is 25 DegreesColor video recording camera and video recorder (for SMFCDs)HOTASThree smart multi function color displaysAir Data ComputerRadar AltimeterIFF Interrogator/TransponderAir Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation (ACMI)BVR/Communication Data linkVHF / UHF Communication System[ Pakistan Aeronautical Complex where 55% Pakistani sub assemblies of JF 17s are assembled into a Sleek Modern 4.0 Gen Fighter]Further details of JF 17 Program and its history available on links below.https://www.quora.com/What-is-JF...FUNDINGRegarding money , Total program cost was 500 MUS$ - A saving of 10 MUS$ per aircraft for 50 Units would have resulted in breakeven - PAC, having capacity to produce 18 - 22 Units P.A , has already provided 100 plus units or 6 - 7 Squadrons of J F 17s in service , while improving the first batches or the Earlier JF 17 Block I to Blocks II & II Upgraded is being done in parallel.A PIECE OF HISTORY APRIL 2011 - NO 26 SQUADRON OF PAF RE-EQUIPS WITH NEW JF-17 THUNDER AIRCRAFTRe-equipment Ceremony of No 26 Squadron of Pakistan Air Force was held at an operational PAF Base on Monday. No 26 Squadron, one of the prime squadrons of the PAF, previously equipped with A-5 III aircraft has now been re-equipped with indigenously produced JF-17 Thunder aircraft. Air Chief Marshal Rao Qamar Suleman, Chief of the Air Staff, Pakistan Air Force was the Chief Guest on the occasion. A re-equipment ceremony parade was also held on the occasion, in which the squadron color was presented to the squadron commander.Upgraded Block II & JF - 17 B already in serviceThe JF 17 ACE designer modified its Air intakes and imcorporated DSI - Diverter less Supersonic Inlet. The 3 - Dim Compression ‘BUMP‘- a large hump-like structure blended with the fuselage of the aircraft , diverts the Turbulent boundary layer away from the engine inlet, Improves Thrust, Reduces Weight by facilitating the removal of complex intake mechanical structures, More Stealthier then conventional intakes. Below picture shows D.S.I Air frames assembly f JF 17s being done in CAC.It has a small Composites percentage added to Air Frame to make it Lighter , Complete Fly By Wire FBW System equipped. Mid Air Refuel, an increased oxygen supply for longer-endurance flights, Turkish ASEL Electro - Optical Target pods with Range Extension Kits REKs + LGB Laser Guided Bombs , Upgraded Radar KLJ-7A-V2 which has a range of 180 - 200 kms , Anti Ship Missiles YJ-12 Added, BVR AIM 120 & DARTER, Anti-radiation missile, Day / Night Mission capability. integrated a stand-off weapon system into it and Capability to carry Tactical Smart weapons Ra’ad…In another devlopment in 2017 - 18 , Bridging the JF-17 Block-II and the JF-17 Block-III - the jet fighter’s Dual seat variant, JF-17B successfully undertook its first flight in China. It will be used for Training as well as for Mission purposes.The new JF-17B comes with NEW FEATURES as :Additional SeatThree axis fly-by-wire flight control systemUpgraded KJL-7A-VA RadarsModified vertical stabilizer.A Dorsal Spine addedCommercially available Electronic Warfare (EW) jamming podsAdvanced targeting pods.These could potentially be used for strikes or stand-off EW platform.JF-17B’s ‘Swept Tail ‘ Acts as a housing equipment for a new 3 axis fly-by-wire flight control system. The nose also gets a size increase to accommodate an active electronically-scanned array (AESA) radar which will be core subsystem for the upcoming JF-17 Block-III – the biggest update to the JF-17 since its launch.It has an additional seat and a Dorsal Spine added to accommodate fuel since the second seat is taking additional space in the interior.(Mig 21 Shot down by JF 17 Confirmed by Pakistan’s DG ISPR).BLOCK III - The Best to comeThe development and production of the JF-17 Block 3 are simultaneously underway, said Yang Wei, ACE designer of the China-Pakistan co-developed fighter jets as he aims to enhance the jet's warfare capability and weapons.The most remarkable reported modifications are :The most remarkable reported modifications are :Composites % Added in Air FrameRD - 33 Klimov Engine replaced by RD - 93 MAAvionics LabComplete 3 - Axis Fly - By - Wire F.B.WAdvance Data LinkPilot VisorA new single panel multi-functional display.An active electronically scanned array (AESA) radarAn infrared search and track system I.R.S.TA two-seater cockpit option with a flight control stickReported to be Equipped with Russian R 73 for short range , Kentron Denel Dynamics Darter for Medium Range & AMRAAM PL - 15 Long range Missiles…As a delivery platform for Tactical SMART Weapons with Nuclear warhead Ra’ad . Hataf VIII Series ALCM Air Launched Cruise Missile named RA’AD - is capable of delivering miniature nuclear warheads , Has Stealth technology, with reported ranges of 550 kms.For Air to Surface - Mectron’s MAR-1 Anti - Radiation missiles are being equipped. MAR - 1 provide a new capability to the Pakistan Air Force as this is the only modern anti-radiation missile in PAF’s inventory capable of destroying enemy radars and air defence systems.A top speed of Mach 2.00 +The PL-15 is a beyond visual range air-to-air missiles (BVRAAM). Chinese media said the PL-15 can signNow out to over 300 km at a speed greater than Mach 4 (4,900 km/h).Active Electronically Scanned A rray RadarAESAThis gadget gives JF 17 Enhanced defensibility against electronic warfare (EW) jamming. AESA Radar enables the fighter jet to engage from a farther range and attack multiple targets at the same time. In the case of the AESA radar, jamming is more difficult because of two reasons. First, there is no single frequency to identify and record out of the background noise. Second, an AESA radar can switch to a different set of frequencies with each pulse, which could make a DRFM-based system less useful in terms of its ability to confuse the radar. Caution — AESA radars could be challenged if they enter Dense EW - ECM population, i.e. against multiple high-powered jamming sources, such as a dedicated EW aircraft, which is equipped with multiple EW jamming pods (e.g. F/A-18G Growler).Data link allows sharing of the AEW and ground radar pictures, as well as those from sensors of other formation members, to enhance situational awareness while staying discrete.As a Defensive Air Craft - Jf-17 Block III with Advanced F-B-W will have the capability to be data linked to an Erieye AWACS 200km behind it or with Mobile Ground Radar IBIS-150 which has a 150km tracking range . This makes JF 17 Block III very difficult to detect by enemy Fighters ( Smaller Radar Cross Section R.C.S compared to Sukhoi etc, Single engine highly agile bird emitting low heat radiations infra red signatures for IRST and Heat Seeking Predeator Missiles to track and can fly with its Radar off) , whereas it also allows JF 17 to share data with other PAF Platforms. In a combat intercept flight , a Mission in which the enemy Fighter jets such as Sukhoi of Mirage is being intercepted has already been detected by an AWACS or Powerful Ground Radar. Even if the JF 17s own radars don’t spot the Interceptor , the radar that did just needs to data link the details to the JF 17 BVR PL - 15 missile and the ENEMY FIGHTER JET is in deep trouble.Hence unless IAF can take out the EriEye AWACS & IBIS / HQ 9 Radar stations with Rafale or long-range cruise missiles, JF 17 Block III in its own yard with EW Support will be a very lethal weapon.For the Block III with upgrades, Mass Production starts end of 2019.JF 17 Block III - the advanced version will be the greatest Engineering product of a country which, was forced by circumstances, and diverted its limited resources towards keeping its existence.Modern Aerial War-fare is heavily dependemt on Pilot skills in use of Avionics ECMs & Weaponary , With Tactics, experience, and unit cohesion between squadron mates and ground control acting as tools to win. These are the plus points PAF has over its adversaries. While technology has slowly shifted the point of autonomy — from bullets to short-range infrared missiles, then to longer-range radar missiles, and now remotely operated aircraft — for our lifetimes the primary weapon of war will still be the human. A generation of airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’Whatever PAF lacks in Hightech or Gadgets - it makes up with the enhanced Skill level , strategising , operational worthiness and a ‘strong desire to succeed even if it means duying defending your homeland’. Its man behind the Gun who is more important…!PAF managed to make 01 Aerial kill of IAF MiG 21 Bison variants in recent LOC Conflict Feb March 2019…. reportedly With JF 17. Suddenly the lesser discussed and under estimated Thunder (Lowly rated by Adversaries) became talk of the town for industry experts and common people ; Delay in Indian AF acquiring French Dassault Rafale was discussed ; The kills even resulted in stock prices immediately going up for Chengdu CAC Sister industry….Zeeshan Syed's answer to How can Pakistan make such a superior jet (JF-17) which can take down Su-30s and MiGs as per the report?Air Chief Marshal Mujahid Anwar Khan, Chief of the Air Staff, Pakistan Air Force while commenting on various options for a 5.0 G future jet — “Pakistan is a third-world country, and it might not have the same resources and finances that others might have in the region. So when the PAF does evaluate something, it is evaluated thoroughly”.A detailed article depicting JF 17 is available in link below.Zeeshan Syed's answer to What is JF-17?

Reading some of the answers here compelled me to write this one. We know that F-22 exceeded USAF’s design requirement of -40 dB or 0.0001 m^2 according to Lockheed. Sukhoi’s own patent puts Su-57’s intended RCS as 0.1 – 1 m^2.PAK FA stealth features patent published - IHS Jane's 360Even after giving Su-57 benefit of doubt, it’ll still have over 1,000 times bigger RCS than F-22. Since detection range is proportionally to the 4th root of RCS. A 1,000 times lower RCS equates to 5.6 times smaller detection range. Meaning even if both F-22 & Su-57 were to carry the same radar, the F-22 will be detecting Su-57 from over 5.6 times the range SU-57 could see F-22.Just based on RCS difference alone, the detection and engagement range will be so enormous that Su-57 will be hopelessly outclassed, it’s not even a contest. Period. It’s not just for Air Combat but Ground attack as well, so while Su-57 can potentially carry wider range of armament (most of it externally) – it’s not an advantage if it were to rely on long range stand-off cruise missiles.Where Su-57 has to rely on a cruise missile like Kh-59, the F-22 can get close enough to effectively use SDBs or JDAMs. Carrying expensive long range standoff weapon isn’t an advantage when that’s the only thing you can reliably use in a high-threat environment – it’s a limitation.Situational AwarenessIt’s frustrating to see people claiming F-22 using 1990s avionics – it tells you how clueless they really are. It’s wrong in every single context. There isn’t any major sensor on F-22 that’s still using 90s technology. The ALR-94 EW suite got completely new hardware in 2006 along with previously non-existing: serious offensive Electronic Attack capability. The APG-77v1 radar got upgraded in 2007, a 3rd gen. AESA radar using T/R modules from F-35’s radar along with most of the software for Air-Ground operations (real time high resolution SAR mapping, automatic target cueing, etc). The AAR-56 Missile Launch Detector (MLD) has been in process to add IRST functionality. This answer explains just how wrong that narrative is: How is the F-22 Raptor considered a highly advanced fifth generation fighter jet when it has a computer system from the 2000s that is weaker than the first iPhone?And you know what, the F-22’s 90s avionics suite still had superior technology than most of Su-57’s current avionics suite – the 2nd gen. original APG-77 is about 26% bigger than SU-57’s 1st gen. AESA radar (~2,000 TRMs vs. ~1,550). The original ALR-94 (RWR) had better than 2° accuracy in both azimuth & elevation for an airborne* emitter – there isn’t any indication of Su-57’s RWR having remotely similar performance (in elevation). The AAR-56 MLD (Missile Warning System) uses Imaging IR sensors while Su-57 continue to use UV-based MAWS – which are practically useless against BVR missiles as UV radiation (UV-C) is rapidly absorbed by ozone at higher altitude.Anyways, the US started fielding AESA radars on F-15C since 2000 and F-22 is using 3rd gen. AESA radar. While 19 years later Russia is yet to have its first operational AESA radar. Not only is F-22’s radar 2 generations ahead in technology but also 26% bigger – resulting in signNowly superior performance.Electronic WarfareBoth F-22 & F-35’s radars are fully integrated with their EW suite – giving them 10 times more effective radiated power than Prowlers/Growlers. Allowing them to conduct stand-off jamming with greater effectiveness than even dedicated platforms (against Fire-control radars).While Su-57’s built-in EW suite naturally doesn’t have the power to compete with external jamming pods, let alone F-22 even if it were using GaN arrays (which it’s highly unlikely to use). Moreover, jamming power required is directly proportional to one’s RCS. So if Su-57 has a burn-through range of 100 km against a radar using an escort jammer, the corresponding burn-through range for F-22 will be <1 km using the same jammer.There’s day and night difference between their EW capability.ArmamentToday Su-57 carries its AAMs (R-77/R-73M) externally as neither fits in Su-57’s internal weapons bay. That’s going to be the case until K-74 & K-77M are operational.The best Russian operational AAMs, R-73M/R-74 and R-77–1 are signNowly less effective than their Western counterpart – the R-73M still uses non-imaging IR seeker (60° off-boresight) and R-77–1 not only suffered from lack of development (R-77 series received a single upgrade since its origin in 1990s) but also have substantially shorter range + poor ECCMs than AIM-120D (GPS + two-way data link).By the time K-77M (or rather Su-57) is operational, the F-22 will be getting AIM-120D replacement, AIM-260 JATM. I’ve written a more detailed comparison of the two here: Have the Russians closed the gap in fighter technology with their Su-57 compared to the F-22 and F-35?Put it short, the Su-57 doesn’t compare well with F-22 at all, except for kinematic performance.

Modern warfare has become highly technological and strategic. Contemporary wars are won by Air forces - The modern fighter jets are complex fighting machines which form a ‘critical component’ of any world class airforce.Those Critical Assets are :LM JSF F - 35 Lightning IILM F - 22 RaptorEuro Fighter TyphoonSu - 35 Super Flanker ERafale Omni Role Super french FR3 / M variantsGripen SAAB Smart Figher JAS - 39 C / D / EChegdu Stealth J - 20 Mighty DragonStrike Eagle F - 15 EAdvanced Fulcrum MiG - 35sF / A - 18 Super HornetsF - 21 ViperFighting Falcon F - 16 Block - 52 & 60CAC J - 10s C Fire Bird Super Multi RoleSu - 30 Flanker variantsEagle F - 15 Variant CSu 27 s ‘Base Flanker’Fulcrum MiG - 29sare considered PRIME assets for thier air forces.They carry expensive tools of destruction with them such as :AIM 120 DMBDA MeteorRussian R - 77Storm ShadowVympel R - 73MICAR - 27Chinese Ultra long range PL - 15SD - 10JSMPavewayBrimstoneAIM 120 CAIM 132R - DarterDerbyPythonK - 100Astra &Cruise Missile & Stand Off A SMP VariantsHence one can safely say that No Manufacturer of Fighter jet will give away the Real / true Warfare or combat capability, let alone the full limits of it. Hence One has to wait for the real combat - the real showdown to see the real capability. Base Specifications & information related to Systems , Components , Weapons and Electronics are issued for marketing tactics or for disinformation purposes. So maybe all the information available is 100% accurate.__________________________________________________________________________________A generation of Airmen seems to have forgotten a simple lesson from history:‘It was leadership, not fancy equipment, that made the difference.’^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^THE EURO FIGHTER EF-2000 Tranche 4NICKNAMED “TYPHOON”Its a highly discussed Fighter jet , having mixed reviews by its supporters and by its opponents, has sparked a public argument. With predessors such as JAGUAR, PANAVIA & HARRIER, Its a European consorcium Fighter UK, Germany , Italy & Spain - first proto type released in Mid 1990s. Hence It was a European solution to a European scenario.DESIGN & AERODYNAMICSThe ability to patrol and intercept hostile aircraft is known as Quick Reaction Alert. Typhoon is a master in it.Designed for Single Seat - STOL Capable - Twin Engine - Initially developed as Supersonic BVR interception and close combat , Multi Role adaptations. Typhoon is designed to perform at least five air missions very efficiently :Air superiorityAir interdictionSuppression of Enemy Air Defence (SEAD)Close Air Support (CAS)Maritime Attack.Its in active operational service with 9 Operators.(Consorcium members plus Saudia Arabia, Qatar, Oman, Austria ). More than 550 Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft have been successfully delivered to seven countries: Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Spain, Austria, Oman and Saudi Arabia; and ordered by two more: Kuwait and Qatar. Participated in combats during operations in Libya, Iraq and Syria.Length 15.96 m x Wingspan 10.95 m.Length 15.67 mtrs x Wingspan 10.67 mtrs for F- 35AHence slightly Big in Size then lets say F-35 Lightning IIMax Altitude Above 59,000 ftEuro Fighter is based on a Typical European Design of Unstable airframe , a foreplane Delta - wing forward canard configuration, with dual intakes under the fuselage & a single vertical stabilizer .The ‘conventional statically stable’ aircraft has a ‘built-in’ inherent stability which requires a large wing area and causes a lot of drag that slows the aircraft under a turn.Fighter jets require Agility which is exact opposite of Stability. You want a fighter to be able to make turns & loops as quickly & easily as possible. Consequently, fighter aircraft rely on configurations that are unstable or neutrally stable. Canards help in this regard.CANARDS AND THIER IMPACTAn aeronautical device wherein a small fore-wing is placed forward of the main wing of a fixed-wing aircraft. A wide variety of canard designs have been proposed and flown over . Canards are used on aircraft whose main wings are well behind the center of gravity, such as the Eurofighter Typhoon..Carnards can be used as horizontal stabilizers as they being ahead of the C.G of the aircraft, acts directly to reduce longitudinal static stability.The aerodynamic advantages derived from the delta wing canard configuration :AERODYNAMIC FLOW RESULTING IN HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK :Angle of attack is the angle at which the oncoming air meets the wing. At low angle of attack, the vertical tail provides directional stability. However, as the angle of attack increases, its effectiveness decreases.High angles of attack (AOA) can be translated into a very high instantaneous turn rate and gives maneuverability advantages. Modren fighter jets can exceed 90 degrees AOA - Yet the software limit’s them from 30 - 60 Degrees to prevent Air frame damage owing to Stresses and fatigue factors.Layman terms - Higher the angle of attack, the more lift is generated by the wing… ONLY UPTO A POINT.Thereafter the wing signNow its ‘Critical Angle of Attack’ , and at higher angles of attack the amount of lift generated drops dramatically.Beyond the critical angle of attack , the wing no longer effectively generates lift and jet is stalled. Canards stall before the wings. Canards smoothen the turbulence and create Laminar (non-turbulent) flow. Good vortex flow is obtained and a High Angle of Attack may be obtained.UNSTABILITY :Create Unstability which is preferred. Results in Agility. The result is balanced by applying Controlled by FBW Computer Systems. A statically unstable basic aircraft needs continuous stabilisation with the help of an active flight control system with full authority.The high angle of attack recovery (HAoA) function is an extension of the flight control system’s angle of attack limitation. If the aircraft has a low speed and high nose angle, the angle of attack will be low at first but will increase and exceed the angle of attack limit as the speed drops further. The HAoA function and command will return the aircraft to the normal flight envelope in a controlled manner.CREATES LIFT :The canard essentially moves horizontal tail up to the nose and places the wing's center of lift behind the center of gravity. To balance the natural nose down tendency, Canard generates an upward lifting force - which helps oppose weight.Note that Canards results to produce ‘induced drag’ , it is usually countered by high aspect ratio canards i.e long and narrow.Combined delta canard configuration and 538 ft2 wing size confer very low wing loading on 50% internal fuel, and are optimised for transonic manoeuvre and supersonic dash performance. The loosely coupled canard is intended to provide high control authority at high angles of attack, by placing the surfaces ahead of the main vortices, but also to provide lower trim drag in supersonic flight.A Modern Composite Airframe with constituents :Carbon Fibre Composites 70%Metals 15%Glass Reinforced Plastics (GRP) 12%Only 15% of the aircraft’s surface is metal. This gives a small Radar Cross section of RCS < 0.5 m2. Hence Typhoon makes slightly greater use of RAM and active canard signature management for frontal RCS reduction (As a comparison this is probably offset in the high-end survivability department by Active Syealth of Gripen E or Rafale’s superior SPECTRA electronic warfare system).POWER PLANT & PROPULSION EXCELLENCEThe Euro Jet EJ - 200’s components were developed by Rolls-Royce plc, MTU, Avio Group SpA, and Industria Turbo Propulsores SA – all well-respected names. And, like the Eurofighter, The Euro-jet consortium hails from the United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and Spain.The EJ-200 is the most modern combat engine in its class – with the best thrust-to-weight ratio, thrust retention and smallest fan diameter – the EJ200 sets new standards for reliability and adaptability. Typhoon is powered by 2 x Eurojet EJ-200 afterburning turbofans , each develops a DRY THRUST of 65 KN / 14,000 LBS & 90 KN / 20, 500 LBS Thrust with REHEAT.It takes about 1 minute 30 seconds after take-off to signNow more than 30,000 feet, all the while maintaining intercept airspeed.The engine is compact, approximately 4 metres in length, 800mm (30 inches) in diameter and weighs around 1,000 kg. The two-spool design with single-stage turbines drives the three-stage fan and five-stage HP compressor with annular combustion with vaporising burners.Engines powering the Typhoons of UK Royal Air Force (RAF) routinely achieve a mean time between repairs of over 1,000 flying hours, while the fleet leader in RAF has achieved over 1,700 flying hours on-wing without need for repair. This is unprecedented in combat engines where on-wing hours can often be measured in the low hundreds for previous generation engines. Relaibility centric Predictive Maintenance is achieved through use of advanced integrated Health Monitoring for class-leading reliability, maintainability and through Life Cost.Capability to cruise at supersonic speeds without the use of reheat (After Burners) for extended periods. it can fly at sustained speeds of MACH 1.5 AT FULL COMBAT EXTERNAL LOAD without the use of afterburner.CRITICAL SUB SYSTEMS OF PROPULSION SYSTEMLP CompressorHP CompressorA.C.CTurbine StageRe Heat or After burner SystemsDECMU1- LP - LOW PRESSURE COMPRESSOREJ-200 consists of a 3-stage Low-pressure compressor (LPC) module & 5-stage High-pressure compressor. This provides a ‘High Surge margin’ (Typhoon pilots feedback often states it is virtually impossible to surge the engine), needs no heating devices to combat ice and has a high bird strike resistance. Each stage of the LPC is equipped with wide-chord integrated blade/disk (blisk) assemblies that are low in weight (each stage in the LPC consists of a single blisk with no removable parts) and are a major factor in the reduction of complexity easing the burden on maintenance cost and personnel. At the end of the Low Pressure Compression module, core air is compressed by a factor of 4.2.2 -HP - HIGH PRESSURE COMPRESSORAir is then directed to the High Pressure Compressor (HPC), which is again designed achieve high reliability and minimum maintenance effort.Like the LPC, HPC is also equipped with single blisks in the first three stages. HPC further compresses core air by a factor of 6.2, leading to air that has been compressed by a factor of 26. The fact that EJ200 achieves this in eight stages, far lesser than the nine or ten stages employed by engines of comparable performance, is testament to the efficient aerodynamic design of the blades.3 - ACC - ANNULAR COMBUSTION CHAMBEREJ-200s annular combustor receives the highly compressed air. Microspraying fuel increases combustion-efficiency and also reduces the visible emissions of oxides of nitrogen. The key factors in determining jet engine efficiency and achievable work are the temperature and pressure differences attained between the engine inlet and combustor outlet. Although the maximum temperature of air leaving the combustion chamber is classified, the outlet stator temperature is generally reported to be 200ºC higher than previous generation engines.4 - TURBINE STAGEDownstream of the annular combustion chamber is the High Pressure Turbine (HPT). In order to handle the large temperatures generated in the combustion chamber, the HPT uses air-cooled single-crystal blades. The HPT guide vanes utilise a special Thermal Barrier Coating which increases the life of the blade and increases the achievable operating temperature .Following the HPT is a single Low Pressure Turbine stage, again employing single crystal blades.5- AFTER BURNING SYSTEMSEUROJET has installed an innovative three-stage thrust augmentation system to supply reheat as and when required by the pilot. Downstream from the low-pressure turbine, in the exhaust duct, are the first two stages of the thrust augmenter. The first stage consists of a radial series of burners and their associated flame cups. Subsequent to this is a stage of ‘primary vaporisers’ that spray fine mists of fuel that combust on contact with the hot exhaust air. Finally, the third stage comprises of fuel injectors located at the back of the bypass duct. These spray fuel into the cold, oxygen rich air that has passed through the duct unburned. It should be noted the dry performance of the engine is so good, pilots do not use reheat as much as other engines in this class. Operationally, this means more performance for less fuel.6 - DECMU (Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit)EJ-200’s Digital Engine Control and Monitoring Unit (DECMU) provides carefree handling for the whole turbo-machinery, automatically activates and controls the various stages of reheat, reduces pilot workload and provides engine monitoring and executive lifing functionalities. Executive Lifing measures actual usage rather than planned mission profiles which can achieve up to 50% Life Cycle Cost savings compared to other engines without this advantage. This is key not only to achieving the unparalleled standards of reliability but also in making the engine cost effective over its performance life. Executive Lifing reduces maintenance costs, especially given that the EJ-200 maintenance philosophy is a modular concept.Rate of Climb 317 Mtrs / SecWith 90KN ThrustSpeed 2.1 - 2.2 Mach & 2,900 kms RangeCombat RadiusGround attack, lo-lo-lo : 601 kmGround attack, hi-lo-hi : 1389 kmAir defence with 3hr CAP : 185 kmAir defence with 10-min loiter : 1389 kmG Limits : +9/-3 w/ int fuel and two AIM-120Impressive Thrust to Weight Ration of 1.15Empty Weight 22,000 lb / 9,999 kgMax Take-Off Weight 46,305 lb / 21,000 kgFerry Range 5,382 km / 3,310 miles — with 4 x drop tanksTyphoon is the faster aircraft and has a signNowly superior thrust-to-weight ratio which gives it better acceleration at all altitudes. This also allows Typhoon to retain and regain energy faster (than say Rafale) in a horizontal dogfight situation. Another key factor in maneuverability is Wing Loading ratio ; In aerodynamics, wing loading is the loaded weight of the aircraft divided by the area of the wing. It is expressed as kilograms per square meter, or pounds per square foot of wing area.Smaller the wing loading ratio , the better the turn performance.[math]Euro Fighter - 310 ; [/math][math]Rafale - 327 ; [/math][math]F15C - 358 ; [/math][math]F-18 - 460 Kg / m2. [/math]It also has a signNowly higher service ceiling of over 60,000 ft which allows it to operate uniquely well alongside the US F-22 Raptors ‘high and fast’ in the air superiority role which is exactly where it was designed to excel.RADAR , AVIONICS & COMMMUNICATIONSFull Authority FCS & Quadruplex digital system. Modern and comprehensive Avionic package. The pilot’s control system is a voice throttle and stick system (VTAS). Heads Up and Heads Down Display systems M.H.D.D installed.Detection technology used in latest tranch is :X-band CAPTOR (I/J-band) ECR-90 pulse-Doppler multimode radar.An AESA radar provides an aircraft with a more efficient, more robust, longer-ranged and finer-detailed radar than older, mechanically scanned or passive systems. It has improved Jamming Resistance and acts immensely to increase the situational awareness and effectiveness of a modren fighter jet. The addition of an AESA radar has become necessary because almost all modern fighter aircraft have already transitioned to this architecture.The CAPTOR-E radar , being developed by the Euro RADAR Consortium led by Selex ES, is based on the existing ‘back end’ of the mechanically-scanned (M-scan) CAPTOR radar. All Weather Radar Features Synthetic Aperture, Multimode A/A and A/G Fire Control Radar and Weapon System Support, with over 1,000 modules and a new AESA antenna mounted on an innovative repositioner. It can also cover low band Frequencies VHF/UHF. This gives the radar an unmatched field of regard without compromising performance and reliability.P.I.R.A.T.E SYSTEMA Passive Infra-Red Airborne Track Equipment (PIRATE) system for infrared search and tracking or a Supplementary Radar.The Typhoon’s PIRATE IRST is far and away the most capable fighter-mounted system in operation anywhere in the world. Its phenomenal sensitivity caused problems during the first decade of service due to the sheer number of false positive returns but now that processing power has caught up enough to allow the sensitivity to be properly exploited for extremely long range detection of fighter sized targets, including stealth targets, it is becoming one of Typhoon’s strongest advantages in the air superiority arena.However, at present, the systems integration allowing the radar and IRST to be tasked together in an optimal fashion is still superior on Rafale. This is a core focus of capability upgrades in the P3E software package for Typhoon.The system picks up heat changes around it & by this spot subsonic aircraft as far away as up to 100km+. This means that the Typhoon can still shoot its advanced IR-tracking missiles at a target, even though its enemy has stealth features.PIRATE detects and tracks the Infra-Red signatures of multiple aircraft at long range, over a wide field of view, day & night and adverse weather conditions. Being a passive sensor, it enables the aircraft to gather early intelligence of threats and to manoeuvre stealthily into an advantageous tactical position without being detected by hostile electronic warfare systems.PIRATE is integrated with other on-board sensor systems for maximum sensor fusion effectiveness. PIRATE locates & provides ‘cueing information’ on ground targets. It provides data and imagery to Head’s-up & Multi-function Head’s -down displays, facilitating navigation and terrain avoidance in adverse weather conditions.D.A.S.S SYSTEMDefensive Aid Sub System with Electronic Counter measures against incoming Missiles.Offering a comprehensive suite of electronic support measures and counter-measures, the Praetorian Defensive Aids Sub System developed by the Leonardo-led EuroDASS consortium, is carried in 2 x wing pods that are an integral part of the wing. DASS greatly enhances Eurofighter Typhoon’s ability to avoid, evade, counter and survive evolving threats.It consists of :Electronic Support Measures (ESM)A laser threat and missile approach warning systemAn Electronic Countermeasures System (ECM), decoys, towed decoysJammers and other sensorsAvionics.Eurofighter Typhoon D.A.S.S is also equipped with a ‘Towed Radar Decoy’ . carried in the starboad side as ‘built in’ to the wing tip. Towed decoy systems are for defensive purposes & used to protect fighter jets from radar-guided missiles. These countermeasures are towed behind the host aircraft protecting it against both surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. They provide a radio-wave reflecting baid that attracts the RF-guided missiles away from the intended target.Miniature Air Launched Decoy MALDENHANCED SITUATIONAL AWARENESSEven while still on the ground, the pilot can keep a check on the position of the aircraft to be intercepted via its Data-Link (a two-way radio-controlled data exchange).The Miniature Air Launched Decoy (MALD) is used to lure enemy air defence systems into revealing themselves or attacking aircraft or ISTAR systems that can provide targeting information for stand off weapons. With a range of 500nm, endurance of 45 minutes, operating altitude of 40,000 feet plus, speed of Mach 0.91, modular electronics fit and emissions signature that is designed to mimic allied aircraft it can also be used to simply overwhelm air defences with targets, if they attack MALD they are depleting their finite missile stocks.The data-link is provided by the Multiple Image Data System (MIDS). It aids situational awareness information to the pilot. As a case in point - The french Super Omni Jet Rafale utilises ‘a one-way datalink’ with the missile when it has been fired, not the 2 - way ‘Datalink’. which Typhoon and Gripen E are equipped with – which allows for much more accurate and reliable guidance during very long range engagements whilst the missile is in semi-active mode.Kuwait’s Typhoons will be the first to use the Lockheed Martin Sniper Advanced Targeting Pod (ATP), which has recently been upgraded to include two-color laser spot tracking, short-wave infrared, and advanced non-traditional intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (NTISR) modes.New-customer Typhoons Will Be the Most Advanced Yet***********************************************************************************In 2011, the RAF deployed 10 x Typhoon aircraft to its base in Italy for operations in Libya, and achieved 4,500 flying hours without an engine change. The aircraft operated in its air-to-air role and for the first time attacked ground targets using laser-guided Paveway bombs. “The sensors on the aircraft are so good it’s a question of how we use that information and how we get it to other fast jets and ground allies. It is about ensuring the right information is in the right place at the right time.” — Air Cdre Linc Taylor, Royal Air Force.A U.K. Royal Air Force Eurofighter Typhoon used a brimstone missile to destroy a boat used by Islamic State in Syria, the RAF said Friday, 2019 February 22 release, marking the first time the aircraft has deployed the weapon system. Brimstone is an air-launched ground-attack missile developed by MBDA for the RAF, specifically to target enemy armor. The Brimstone launcher carries three missiles in a single weapon station. Its equipped with enhanced autopilot, the Dual Mode SAL / millimetric wave (mmW) seeker, and the insensitive munition-compliant rocket motor and warhead.For Air to Ground missions you have the ability to simply look outside at where a target is then cue the weapon system to look there with the Litening Designator Pod. Due to this capability it means that after identifying a target, you can drop a Paveway IV, 500-lb precision weapon on it in seconds.**************************************************************************************WEAPONSMauser Cannon 27 mmIt has 13 hardpoints which allows for up to 3 fuel drop tanks and 10 missiles/laser guided bombs or 13 missiles/laser guided bombsLong Range 6 x BVR Matra- Meteor AMRAAMClose range SRAAM is 2 x AIM-132 ASRAAM.A range of air-to-ground weapons can be carried, including the new Storm Shadow CASOM, Brimstone anti-armour weapon, and the future Precision Guided Bomb (PGB).Manufacturers ban Euro Fighhter in exports for carrying nuclear weapons. RAF standoff weapon is the Matra-BAe Storm Shadow cruise missile.SCALP - STORM SHADOW Air-Launched, Long RANGE , Stand-Off Deep Attack MissileThe Storm Shadow missile is designed to penetrate deep into hard rock targets. It is equipped with fire-and-forget technology and fully autonomous guidance.The missile has a length of 5.1m, wingspan of 3m, and a body diameter of 0.48m. It weighs 1,300kg and has a range of more than 250km. The Storm Shadow missile is equipped with a Turbomeca Microturbo TRI 60-30 turbojet propulsion system, which can produce a 5.4kN of thrust.The missile is fitted with a two-stage bomb royal ordnance augmented charge (BROACH) blast/ penetrator warhead.The first stage of the warhead makes the way for the second stage by cutting the surface of the target. The larger second stage (main) of the warhead then penetrates into the target and detonates.The navigation system of the missile includes inertial navigation (INS), global positioning system (GPS) and terrain reference navigation for better control over the path and accurate target strike. The missile is fitted with a passive imaging infrared seeker. Once released from the aircraft, the missile follows a pre-programmed path at low level with the help of continuous updates from the onboard navigation system. It employs imaging infrared seeker to compare the actual target area with stored imagery repeatedly until signNowing the target.The Storm Shadow is also in service with the air forces of Italy, Greece, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). It is referred to as Black Shaheen in the UAE Air Force service.The Storm Shadow can be integrated into Tornado GR4, Tornado IDS, Saab Gripen, Mirage 2000, Rafale, Eurofighter Typhoon and JSF F - 35 aircraft.CROWN JEWEL BVR - M E T E O R MBDA** Meteor : Beyond Visual Range BVRAAM Air to Air with Active Radar Guidance.Meteor offers a multi-shot capability against long range manoeuvring targets, jets, UAVs and cruise missiles in a Loaded Electronic Counter Measure environment , called ECM. It has range well in excess of 100 kilometres . Meteor can be launched as a stealth missile. It is equipped with enhanced kinematics features. It is capable of striking different types of targets simultaneously in almost any weather.Meteor’s stunning performance is achieved through its unique ramjet propulsion system – solid fuel, variable flow, ducted rocket. This ‘ramjet’ motor provides the missile with thrust all the way to target intercept, providing the largest No-Escape Zone of any air-to-air missile.No -escape zone of over 60 km is largest among air-to-air missiles according to manufacturer. Solid-fueled ramjet motor allows missile to cruise at a speed of over mach 4 and provides the missile with thrust and mid-way acceleration to target interception.The Typhoon is a super fighter within visual range , though we must always remember that at WVR , Its not fighting the aircraft but the pilot.*******************************************************************************COSTS AND REVIEW SUMMARYMaintenance cost of Typhoon is on higher side than that of Rafale.Unit Cost in excess of 125 MUS$ per aircraft.Euro Fighter Edges out all competitors such as Rafale in its Maneuverability, Higher THRUST Power , Increased Combat Radius, Excellent IRST , Advanced CM / Decoy system & higher Service Cieling . Yes Quality is Expensive. Its a potent partner for Euroean nations with JSF Lightning II F - 35.Where Typhoon acting as Air Superiority Leader and clearing Air enemy jets ; F - 35 Stealth acting as Battle manager - A Command & Control capable - Data fusion Electronic based - Striker bomber role for taking out SAM , S - 400s , AWACS etc and other remaining flying assets which may have avoided Euro Fighter Jet by flying away…!https://www.eurofighter.com/the-...***********************************************************************************Knowledge is a process of piling up facts; wisdom lies in their simplification.Thanks for reading..