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[Music] hello i am salvador pons i am the director of the detroit institute of arts welcome to bank of america's masterpiece moment today i would like to talk about one of my favorite works from our collection the detroit industry murals created by diego rivera and tell you why i think it is truly a masterpiece in 1931 dia director william valentina and edsel ford president of ford motor company invited the celebrated mexican artist diego rivera to beautify the museum and give fame to its hall rivera's recent retrospective at the newly opened museum of modern art in new york created a sensation the exhibition and practically the artists every move were followed by the press the hall that valentino described was this grand space at the time an open air courtyard with a fountain at the center the director hoped for bureaus to line the space which were bare when he requested rivera's talents one of the most famous artists in the world by 1932 rivera believed that public art including murals like this could shape society politics and national identity born in mexico in 1886 rivera first studied at the escuela nacional de vegas artist in mexico city and then went to europe where he absorbed the lessons of cubism while retaining his deep devotion to his mexican identity and the indigenous culture of his homeland rivera along with his compatriots jose clemente orozco and david alfaro cicadas known together as los tres grandes pioneered mexican muralist renaissance which celebrated the cultural history of mexico along with the communist ideals of its racial revolution rivera often presented workers of the heroes of his murals who engage in physically demanding labor with integrity and nobility rivera arrived in detroit in april 1932 with his wife frida kahlo who was at the beginning of her career the initial contract was for ten thousand dollars equivalent at about 190 000 dollars today the commission was later doubled the d.i.a requested that rivera depict industries that had made detroit famous rivera spent 11 months in detroit he toured automotive chemical and pharmaceutical factories sketching businesses and workers and devising the masterpiece now known as the detroit industry murals rivera was a great admirer of innovation in the united states so the artists use all four walls of this space to both celebrate and question the place of industry in society its promise and products its danger and damages he was fascinated by the factories he heard but strong political beliefs specifically his affiliation with communism also made him a critic of what he saw as the ills of capitalism he declared himself a spy in disguise who could subvert from the inside with his art across these two monumental walls specifically this lower section each 45 feet long rivera presented the process of car production at 4th vast river rouge plant in dearborn workers smelting the steel in blast furnaces building the powerful engines constructing the gleaming car bodies all powered by henry ford's transformative assembly line and the diverse multi-racial workforce at river rush rivera depicts the motorized line the machinery and the synchronized workers throughout the murals giving a sense of how enormous and complex the process was a spectacular site the plant has even drawn a crowd in the background of the south wall engineers from dearborn were amazed that rivera fused together in a few feet sequences of operations which are actually performed in a distance of at least two miles and every inch of the work is technically correct other scenes here contrast the wonders and dangers of science from the life-saving development of vaccines to the threat of chemical weapons the construction of ships and planes that could also serve the military the managers who surveilled their employees looking for any misstep the harvesting of rubber that provided the material for tires but left the landscape empty in the top sections of the long walls of the mural rivera complemented the scenes of industry with black white red and yellow female figures also associated with nature and fertility consistent with ethnic beliefs that divided the world into four quadrants and four elements here the four natural resources that they clutch represent the key materials for producing steel coal iron lime and sand other hands rise from the earth bringing forth these resources a tribute to the bounty of the land that rivera saw in north and south america as you exit the court you see the master engineer overlooking plans on his counterpart the worker [Music] throughout the mural rivera included many personalities he had encountered during his time in detroit etc fall and william valentino the museum's director are pictured in the lower right corner of the south wall rivera's own team of painters are portrayed as the workers who work on the assembly line on the north wall the detroit industry murals proved influential in their own time and today we consider them the assistant chapel of america i want to thank you for taking the time to watch today and to learn more about the detroit industry murals by diego rivera i encourage you to join the conversation and discuss the work with family and friends and please visit the bank of america masterpiece moment website to sign up for alerts and ensure that you never miss a moment to sign up to receive notifications about new bank of america masterpiece moment videos please visit www.bankofamerica.com forward slash masterpiece moment [Music] you