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are you new to ham radio do you wonder how and when to identify here's the answer welcome to ask Dave episode 23 I'm Dave casler amateur radio call sign ke 0og i was on the air recently and had just finished a qso or q so meaning a contact with another station and another ham jumped in wanting to work me he was new to HF and in his excitement called me in the highly unconventional way in which it sounded like he was calling c.q using my callsign although several other stations were calling me at the same time I opted to talk with this newcomer we had an excellent 20-minute conversation that ranged over many subjects but it got me to thinking how and when our hands supposed to identify I'll limit this to voice such a single sideband and FM with a strong emphasis on HF practice such as generals and extras might use the answer is at the same time simple and a bit complex this section from part 97 of the FCC rules regarding the amateur radio service has these two items of relevant information each can be a bit fuzzy let's take a look at the first in Section 97.1 one nine and oh that funny symbol is used in the regulations to indicate a section it says each amateur station must transmit its assigned callsign on it's transmitting channel at the end of each communication and at least every 10 minutes during a communication the second item says that the use of a phonetic alphabet is encouraged although it doesn't say which one this chart shows kind of the standard interpretation of the FCC rule calling for identification every 10 minutes Plus at the end the blue line through the middle is Tigh marching forward the pink station which I've marked with my own callsign ke 0og begins transmitting without an identification to another station the blue station to which I've given an old callsign of mine kt6 sh engages in the conversation both are pretty long-winded the second time around for the pink station ten minutes has elapsed since the beginning of the conversation so that station must identify where the red arrow shows which happens while the station is still talking similarly the blue station is running its own 10-minute clock and must identify when ten minutes have elapsed from the beginning of the conversation the pink station wraps up the call and identifies at the end of its transmission since this is the last time he or she transmits the blue station says goodbye and also identifies this is the bare minimum required identification and is not considered amateur best practice the conversation goes on for 10 minutes without either station identifying further neither station acknowledges the callsign of the other okay so much for the legal requirement like so much in ham radio the legal requirements are held to a minimum and stations are expected to use best practices for identification let's look at some of these in this case I want to talk to anyone so I'll call CQ I have a little button on the voice recorder on my radio that has this exact message recorded there are many ways of calling CQ but this can certainly serve as an example I start out by calling CQ repeated several times and then I say here is kilo echo zero Oskar Gulf then I say my callsign without the phonetics then say it again with phonetics notice I'm using the standard phonetics here the same set you learned is used for your examination now here I end with a statement calling CQ and listening this does two things first if anyone happens to tune in while I'm giving my callsign they may not know that I'm calling CQ so I put it at the end briefly also by saying and listening I alert any listeners that I'm done transmitting okay that's fine and good and certainly meets best practice now there are some other ways to get stations if you have just finished the qso you might end with the cue signal qrz usually pronounced qrz which means who is calling me and that's fine but the next example is not fine simply saying qrz without giving your callsign is not fine I mention this because some DX and some contest stations seem to assume you've been listening for a while and have already picked up their callsign there have been times when a DX station has been repeatedly calling qrz D with no answer and I've actually asked what his callsign is he tells me we have our exchange and all as well definitely best practice would be this is ke 0 OG qrz or something like that now let's look at how this might be done during a contest generally a station looking for a contact will say CQ contest or perhaps the name of the contest such as CQ California Q so party either works listeners know what you're looking for now here's something interesting a stateside station calling CQ DX I hear this from time to time what the station is saying is that he doesn't want to hear from other American hams just those outside the country sometimes this will net results but more often it's better to go tuning for the DX station pileups and see if you can get in there now occasionally you will hear da xcall CQ DX r CQ north america or somesuch they're indicating that they're actually soliciting your response go ahead and answer for completeness I've included how to ask for anyone to answer on a VHF FM simplex or repeater frequency you announce your presence by saying ke 0 og listening this may or may not net you a queue so sometimes it's best simply to listen to others talking and then when they're done call one of the station's okay let's suppose you've been tuning around and you hear someone calling c.q I'll use one of my old call signs to show three ways to answer the first is what the books would have you do which is to give the callsign of the station you're calling then say this is or from and then your callsign however i've noticed that the second method simply stating your callsign using standard phonetics is quite common you hear this a lot in DX pileups and in contests and now it has become common in answering c cues note the ambiguity here the station that is calling CQ is not completely certain that you're calling him but it's done anyway by the way not using phonetics is only good if the signal you're hearing is exceptionally clear otherwise use phonetics when you hear someone calling you in response to your CQ you can do one of several things the first simply acknowledges the other stations callsign then the full exchange of call signs comes at the end you can do the same thing without phonetics except at the end the last one is my least favorite in that it simply turns the qso back to the other station with a simple go ahead how about when you're in the middle of a qso and you want to finish what you're saying and hand the conversation back over to the other station here are several ways the first which I don't consider best practice unless you have an X shonali clear connection is to simply stop talking like you might in the middle of a conversation if the other station signal is noisy it's often hard for me to determine if it's my turn to talk the next three methods are somewhat better in that you indicate you've finished your thought the first one over is not as common as the next one back to you I tend to use go ahead or back to you of course an unambiguous way is to give your callsign which is all you're required to do often I'll just throw in the phrase for ID a somewhat better way in my opinion is to use the other stations callsign - again it comes first then comes yours if the CUSO has been going on a while I might just give the other person's callsign and then mine with nothing in between the last one spells out full phonetics which may be a bit of overkill in the middle of a conversation but there's nothing wrong with it let's talk for a moment about the other stations callsign - most hams their callsign is as personal as their name when you use their callsign you're acknowledging their name which is a good practice to follow in a conversation everyone likes to hear the sound of their own name and that goes for call signs - now there are several ways of ending a conversation you can simply sign with your callsign I don't like this because it doesn't really acknowledge the other person so I'll use their call sign and then mine I might add some little bit to it such as the cue signal qrt meaning I'm shutting down or asking cures ed which invites other stations to call me let's look at this complete contest qso in this case for field day the station calling CQ for the contest clearly indicates when he or she will listen the other station simply says his callsign then the first station gives her contest change meaning the information that the contest rules state must be exchanged in this case class of station and the ARRL section the other station acknowledges this and gives his information the first station then says qsl meaning I received it gives her call sign and then qrz D hoping for another contact by the way by convention the station who called CQ is given the courtesy of calling CQ again on the same frequency so if station a called CQ and the qso results the frequency is handed back to station a who may choose to call CQ again if station B jumps in and grabs the frequency this is widely considered bad behavior while it is true that no ham owns any frequency to steal ham A's frequency away is considered bullying don't do it DX or working stations not in your home country is similar let's assume that Filipino station DX 2 DX has just finished a contact and asks qrz D you insert your callsign lots of other stations will be saying their callsign at the same time this is called a pileup but let's assume D X 2 DX wants to come back to you he will give your callsign followed by a signal report which is almost always 5 by 9 by convention and then state a location you quickly respond with his signal report almost always an automatic 5 by 9 give your state and end the contact the DX station then goes on to give his callsign and then ask for other stations to call note that this is very quick and efficient personally I enjoy getting to know people on the air and contesting and D Xing usually don't allow that to happen just chatting with people is known as rag chewing or chewing the rag so here are some quick guidance if you're going to use the other stations callsign put it first and your second say Katie 6sh this is ke 0og but don't say this is ke 0og calling Katie 6sh if the band is at all noisy putting the call signs backwards will confuse listeners putting the other callsign first and your second is best practice the FCC rules suggest phonetics but don't specify which ones the ARRL suggests the standard International Civil Aviation Organization alphabet which is the familiar alpha Bravo Charlie said however you'll find the DX hams don't always use this for my own callsign I say kilo echo zero Oscar Gulf I find lots of DX stations don't get that on noisy channels however King Edward Zero ocean Germany seems to get through listen to the phonetics being used by the DX station by the way cute made-up phonetics like King Edward zero old grouch will simply confuse people when you're on nice VHF FM channels you usually don't need any phonetics at all the most important part of this is to communicate clearly and without confusion I hope this brief summary has helped if you liked this video please share it with your friends I urge you to subscribe to my channel so that you can get notification of uture videos I have a tip jar on my youtube channel page and also on my website the whole purpose of this series is to answer your questions about ham radio especially those of interest to those new to the Hobby you can ask questions by commenting on any of my videos on YouTube preferably on the one most directly related to your question or you can pose a question directly at wwk e 0 o g net / ask - dave until we next meet seventy-three you