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[Music] this is an addendum video to another video i made recently in which i explained the basics of the five conditionals so if you're not 100 sure about the conditionals and who is um then i recommend having a look at that video which i'll put up here or up here i'm not sure which corner before you watch this video but but come back to watch this video because this is going to be a more advanced video where i'm going to be explaining some alternatives to if in conditionals some contractions we can use in conditionals and some different ways of using the mixed conditions [Music] so let's start by looking at some alternatives to if you may ask what's wrong with it why do we need alternatives well sometimes it's just to express something a little different to give a different emphasis and sometimes in more formal situations we use some alternatives for your spoken english if is usually good enough but for an advanced level um it's good to try to use different alternatives to to really express exactly what you want to say so the first three alternatives we're going to look at are as long as provided or provided that and on condition or on condition that and we use these three alternatives to if to add emphasis to the condition in the sentence the condition part of the sentence and we use them with the first conditional okay so let's see some examples i'll make the dinner as long as you do the washing up okay so it's possible there to say i'll make the dinner if you do the washing up but we use as long as here because we want to emphasize the condition so i'll make dinner as long as you do the washing up so it's very important that you do the washing up or this whole condition doesn't work okay so it's to add emphasis the same with provided or provided that so you'll pass the exam provided that you study hard or provided you study hard both are equally equally good so again you could say if you study hard but provided that adds emphasis to the the condition again the same with on condition or unconditioned that so i'll lend you the money on condition that you pay me back before christmas okay so the condition that you pay me back before christmas is very important that's the only way i will lend you the money okay so it's all about emphasis in that case so now let's look at supposing we can use supposing as an alternative to if and it's when you're kind of introducing uh an interesting hypothetical question or situation so for example supposing you won the lottery what would you buy so supposing you won the lottery not if you won the lottery which is perfectly good sentence if you won the lottery what would you buy but this is more yeah just introducing an interesting topic of conversation supposing you won the lottery what would you buy and supposing no one came to the party that would be embarrassing so again it's uh thinking of the situation imagining the situation okay and we can also use should as an alternative to if with the first conditional again and it's used in very formal situations really we don't use it in normal colloquial conversation so let's see an example should you accept the job offer you'll start on monday so again if you if you accept the job job offer you will start on monday but it's just more formal should you accept no no other difference than that and finally let's look at had so this is used with a third and mixed conditionals it's a type of inversion so we take away if and we swap the subject and the auxiliary had in this case had you gone to bed earlier last night you wouldn't be so tired today that's a mixed conditional as you know um so had you gone to bed earlier in a normal way with if you'd say if you had gone to bed earlier if you had but this is had you gone to bed earlier and again it's a little more formal but it can be used in in conversation so it's just another alternative so now let's look at some contractions in conditional sentences just very quickly look at some very basic contractions that i'm sure you know so in the first conditional for example if it rains i'll take an umbrella so it's like if it rains i will take an umbrella i will contract it to isle and in the second conditional if it rained i'd take an umbrella so again i would contract it to i'd but we see more contractions in the the third and mixed conditionals because there's more there are more verbs there are more auxiliary verbs and main verbs so it's uh we tend to contract these sentences a lot in conversation really native speakers don't usually say the individual words we don't say i would have gone i'll show you now what we do say so in a third conditional sentence if it had rained i would have taken an umbrella if it had if it had so the head is contracted to the apostrophe d um and then i would have taken an umbrella another option for the second part of that sentence is i'd i'd have taken an umbrella so the contraction there is the wood becomes eyed so again it's apostrophe d which you can see is the same as as the i had so i would and i had are contracted in the same way which can be a little confusing i if i'm honest but from the context you should be able to know which which word is being contracted now those are all correct contractions they're accepted in english in written english it's all they're good good contractions maybe in formal written english you wouldn't use contractions so much but they're good they're it's good english but when we're speaking in english we often use more contractions but which we can't write so let's look at that same sentence again but with more contractions so if it had rained i'd have taken an umbrella so if it had rained again it's the same same contraction but in the second part i'd have taken so you have two contractions there together in one as i said you cannot write this it's not really correct english but it's the way most people speak we contract a lot so i'd have taken i'd have so when you're listening to english you'll hear a lot of contractions in conditionals which make them more complicated to understand but try to keep your ears and mind open to this and use the context more than anything in your own speaking you can use these contractions it's great but conditionals are difficult enough to construct i wouldn't try to force these contractions into your sentence i'd let it happen naturally if you if you practice a lot if you use them a lot but um yeah you have enough to think about with the conditionals okay finally i want to look at um different use of mixed conditional now my first video we saw the mixed conditional um where it was the past perfect in the first clause and the present perfect in the second second clause because usually in the mixed conditionals you have a a past action hypothetical past action which has an effect on a hypothetical present action that's just normally the way it goes but there are some cases where it can be the opposite so i'll give you an example of the traditional mixed conditional first just to remind you if i'd grown up in japan i'd speak japanese so if i had grown up in japan in the past i would speak japanese now but now let's look at an example of the mixed conditional but where the first clause is in the present and the second clause is in the past so the if clause is in the present and the result is in the past so if i were japanese i would have become a japanese teacher okay now the state of being japanese which i'm not obviously um is a permanent state so i i just am not japanese in general but if i were japanese in the present in the past i'd have become a japanese teacher okay so you can see it it's not so common those examples are not so common but it's important to be aware that they are possible especially for an advanced level which i'm sure you all all have or are aiming for okay i hope that helped again this addendum video um thank you for joining me and i'll see you again soon for another video don't forget to 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