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I'm gonna be talking about that peak hour factor to start I'm gonna draw a graph this graph is going to have vehicles on the y-axis and time on the x-axis and it's going to describe and show how vehicles typically are traveling or how many vehicles are typically traveling during a certain amount of time to start we're just going to separate our time into representing my morning afternoon and evening times in most cases vehicles early in the morning they're not that many but pretty quickly especially around that time to punch in the clock I'd work where you reach a peak and then the vehicle start to drop off but then there's another peak that happens right around lunchtime and then that kind of levels off to and starts to begin to drop but when quitting time comes we typically see the highest peak until late late late at night when everyone's sleeping see these are your peak periods and I think it would be helpful to know how vehicles are arriving during the peak period for instance let's say we have vehicles that are traveling on the road in that direction knowing how they arrive within the peak during the peak periods would help us to determine if we need just one lane or maybe two lanes or I don't know three lanes it also helped us determine how we should be timing their vehicles or the intersection Jeff signal because if they're all arriving in one small period within the peak hour then we would time the traffic signal differently than if they were arriving steadily and consistent in the uniform manner throughout the entire hour so there is a factor to help us with that and that's called a peak hour factor and here's the equation the peak hour factor is equal to the peak volume of vehicles of number of vehicles in an hour and that divided by four times the peak volume of vehicles within that hour all right so that will give us a factor and that factor is always going to be either equal to or less than one let me present you with two different scenarios here's the first one this is the peak hour let's just call it the afternoon rush hour and within the entire peak hour we find this number of vehicles it's a matter of fact we broke up the peak hour until four periods four 15-minute periods and so then the first fifteen minute we have 150 vehicles and it kind of spaced out like that 155 spaced here 165 so they're they're all arriving pretty steady within that one hour scenario - there's a little bit different still rush hour traffic still the peak hour but when you look at how it's broken up during the first 15 min appears within that peak hour zero vehicles on the road but the majority of the vehicles within that peak hour traveled during the second 15 minute period and so there's a rush of vehicles within this first second 15 minute period and then it starts to die off and then it's not that many vehicles so if we knew that this was happening then that would help us design the number of lanes that we would want to have to maybe accommodate those vehicles or the timing that will be required at the intersection to accommodate these vehicles and so just knowing the difference between the rate at which vehicles are arriving is going to be very helpful so let's figure out how we're going to calculate there I've written the quick formula on the right here but let's go ahead and use it so our peak hour factor for this scenario is going to be equal to the total volume within the entire hour that's four 15-minute periods and if I add all of these up I end up getting 630 so my 630 is gonna go on top here divide about four times the peak 15-minute period within that hour and it just so happens to be 165 so 165 if I multiply all of that out and divide I ended up getting zero point nine five where are we looking at scenario two we see that there's a different type of arrival rate within that hour still had 630 but we place 475 at the bottom instead of the number that we use previously and then end up giving us a peak hour factor of 0.33 much different than the peak hour factor of 0.9 five one thing you should notice the more consistent the arrival rate within the hour the closer we get to one less consistent the lower the number it's a matter of fact that number probably won't be any lower than 0.25 I can almost guarantee you and that's how you calculate the peak hour factor this is going to be used later in determining a myriad of things as I said earlier the number of lanes or the level of service even the signal timing we're given a scenario where we knew the types of vehicles or a number of vehicles that were traveling during a certain time period again afternoon rush hour and we would wanted to figure out what the peak hour factor was I want to make a note that your peak hour doesn't necessarily have to start at 4 o'clock or 5 o'clock it doesn't start at the top of the hour so now what we have to do is figure out which four consecutive 15-minute periods give us the highest number to place in our peak hour factor formula at the top here if I were to add these four periods up I wouldn't get a higher number than say adding these four periods up as a matter of fact these can six consecutive four periods are probably the highest on this entire data set here and so that is what I'm going to put in my peak hour factor formula ultimately here's what we're going to get we're going to end up with these numbers which gives us the peak hour factor of zero point eight nine two still gives us an indication of how vehicles are arriving within the peak hour of that day