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There's a lot of misinformation out there about what it means to be a transgender but recently, Scientists have begun to look more closely into the Neurology, Physiology, and Psychology behind it. So today, we're gonna break down what Science does knows in a respectful and educational way. Hey guys! I'm Gigi Gorgeous And today, I'm here with ASAPScience to break down 'The Science of Being a Transgender' Before we get to deep into it, we have to look at your genetic sex. Or the chromosomes you have. These were determined right after fertilization. When the sperm cell from your father which carries an 'X' or a 'Y' chromosome fuse with the egg from your mother, which carries an 'X' chromosome. But until 6 or 7 weeks after fertilization, both 'XY' and 'XX' embryos have identical gonads. Around 7 weeks the male sex organs start to develop because of a gene on 'Y' chromosome called 'SRY' It causes cells to become more specialized and these cells creates 'Testosterone' which in turns trigger the development of the structure like the penis and scrotum. While other cells block female development by the degenerating the female ducts However, in female development because there is no 'Y' chromosome with the 'SRY' gene. These ducts stay intact and become the uterus cervix, upper vagina, and the oviduct with the help of Estrogen, and chemicals secreted by the early kidney. But it's not always that simple. There are some times even when RARE COMBINATIONS like 'XXY', 'XXX' 'XXYY' etc. And even people with 'XX" Chromosomes that develop male genitals and characteristics Due to a piece of the 'Y' chromosome breaking off, and switching places to an 'X' chromosome. But SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION in a brain, actually happens much later than Gonadal Differentiation. And yes, although controversial Male and Female brains have structural and functional diffrences between each other. Studies have found that males generally have a larger cerebrum cerebellum. and hippo campus. While females have higher density left frontal lobe, and larger volumes in the right frontal lobe. So what exactly do we see when we look in the brain of a transgender person? Several studies have shown that transgender brains are both structural and functionally more similar to their experienced gender identity than their biological sex. One study found that transwomen who despite being assigned male at birth had a smaller female size structure in the hypothalamus. MRI scans also show the brain structures of trans people to be more similar in thickness into their experienced gender and not their sex. Finally the pheromone Androstadienone causes different hypothalamic responses in male & female brains And when the individuals with 'Gender Dysphoria' were exposed to it, the hypothalamic response match their Perceived gender rather than their sex. These studies help to highlight masculinisations or feminisations of the Gonads is not always the same as the brain and that there's a difference between your sex or your anatomy and your gender or how you perceived your own body. There also seems to be a genetic component to transgender identity. Looking at family histories, gender identity in congruence seems to run in the family, meaning they maybe inherited The 'CYP17' gene which controls the body's level of sex hormones has a changed allele that is expressed frequently in trans man. Although more research could be done, scientists are currently at looking at over 3 Million DNA Markers for transgender identity to investigate any genetic link for being trans. Even though scientific studies validate the experience of transgender people there's still suffering from more depression and anxiety than the general public. The risk of suicide is more prominent in transgender people who have been rejected by their family discriminated in their workplace, or in health care. Sucide risks seems to decreased after gender transitioning. Suggesting that gender dysphoria can cause an extreme amount of emotional pain even to the point of suicide. If you, a family member, or a friend is suffering from gender dysphoria , there are few links in the description for more information. Thank you so much Gigi for being part of this video, it means so much and we're happy that you were here to do this with us. GIGI: Ah, thank you guys for using your channel, your platform validating transgender experiences with science which is brings closer to equality. Mitch: Absolutely If you guys wanna check out Gigi's Channel we'll put links in the description or in the screen somewhere. Otherwise, you can subscribe for more Science here every week, and we'll see you next time. PEACE!