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Consolidate settlement

hello in this lecture we're going to learn some of the basics about the settlement and consolidation of soil under and induced stress so in the past few weeks in our 341 class we discuss we've been discussing a lot about different types of stresses we've introduced the idea of geostatic stresses remember that these are the stresses that the soil is feeling due to its own weight or to the weight of the soil above it we've also introduced the idea of induced stresses induced stresses are the stresses that we add to the soil because we're building something whether a new embankment whether a new dam or levee or a new building that we're putting on the soil so one of the things that geotechnical engineers are interested in doing is predicting how the soil is going to deform vertically when we apply these induced stresses when we if we want to predict what these deformations are called these these vertical deformations are what we refer to as settlement there are three types of settlement that occur in soil and that we have to consider is geotechnical engineers the first settlement is what we call elastic or immediate settlement and elastic or immediate settlement is due to the elastic distortion of the soil particles themselves so we're looking at the solids of the soil and if we load the soil of those solids and the soil are going to deform elastically it's just the exact same concept if I had a steel bar here and I applied some sort of load to the top of the steel bar you can imagine then that that steel bar is going to have some sort of deformation and that deformation that occurs would be of course the settlement or the the deformation elastic in the bar same type of idea with soil now this type of settlement occurs instantaneously typically right when we apply the load so usually it occurs during construction and the primary cause for this settlement or I should say this is the primary mechanism of settlement for coarse grain soil that should be an a for coarse grain soil so this is like sands and gravels now the second type of settlement that I want to introduce has to do more with the void ratio of the soil and this is what we call primary consolidation settlement designated with this S sub C now as we apply a load if imagine if I had a sponge and if I squeeze the sponge the sponge may be filled with water all of the water is sitting in the void space inside that sponge that's sponge if it's going to compress at all it has to push some of the water out of it and so it's the same idea if with soil if the soil is going to settle or compress it does so by pushing water out of a void space and so there's a loss of...