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[Music] have you ever wondered why some drugs are made available to patients via healthcare services such as the NHS while others are not in this course we'll look at how healthcare organizations make decisions about whether we should have access to treatments and we'll focus on a key part of the information used in this decision-making process the educators for this course are based in the school of health and related research at the University of Sheffield and are experts in this kind of research the first thing to understand about health technology assessment or HTA is that it's not all about technology when we refer to HTA the technology in question could be any medical intervention including surgical interventions such as a heart bypass or hip replacement medical devices such as pacemakers or most commonly a pharmaceutical drug a systematic review is a very formulated process that we go through so it's been being done for about 20 years now and the aim is to try and find all the evidence the clinical evidence published or unpublished and that has been produced about a drug or an intervention it could be a psychological intervention it could be a pharmaceutical drug but we try and find all the available evidence and we do that by searching very large databases that are basically long lists of all the clinical trial data that there is out there all the experiments all the research that has been done and that data will then be used within the health technology assessment process sometimes it will go in and be used within the clinical effectiveness models that are built so it can be a key input into assessing whether a drug is cost-effective raishin is fundamental to HD air but not only that to decision-making throughout the NHS so hospitals general practitioners the Department of Health itself will all use economic evaluation to inform decisions so it's not solely used for health technology assessment in terms of precise definition for economic evaluation its evaluation of the costs and benefits of two or more alternative treatments so I look at typically the current treatment in terms of its costs and patient benefits and compare those to that of a new therapy in terms of costs and benefits modeling is about representing the real world in mathematical structures and statistical way in the context of health technology assessment what we use modeling for is to think about linking evidence together so usually in an H tau intervention and you want to understand as as either as a either as a company who's invented this or as an HT agency who's making a decision about it what its long-term effects and long-term cost-effectiveness is going to be against in compared against other treatments in the system what clinical trials are about of trying to compare different ways of treating the same problem trying to determine whether one way of treating typically a new way maybe a new...