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hey there this is Dan and this week I'm gonna answer a question that I got from Rio so Rio had a question around the meaning of underscore characters in Python variable names so I've put together this little example class or you know just a bit of example code that we can play with and here in the constructor of this class I'm creating three instance variables so I'm creating the Foo variable here assigning it a value I'm creating another variable called underscore bar and then also I'm creating a third variable called double underscore or dunder bass because often what we do when we talk about double underscores in Python we just shorten that to dunder so and so so in this case this variable here will be called dunder bass alright so what I'm gonna do now is I'm gonna create an object based on this class look at my little T object here which is a test object so when it comes to variable names the underscore and python has a specific meaning so the single underscore and a double underscore they both have meanings in Python and some of that is just by convention so what kind of everyone believes what an underscore should mean and some of it is actually enforced by the Python interpreter with the single underscore most of it is by convention so this is generally seen as a hint that a name is to be treated as private by the programmer so if this isn't really anything that's enforced by Python right Python doesn't have these strong distinctions between private and public variables like for example Java does but it's more a hint to another programmer that the variable or a variable that starts with a single underscore carries some internal state and is not really meant as part of the public interface of a class so it's best to leave it alone now with the double underscore or dunder prefix there is actually something that the Python interpreter does there's some name mangling it applies so it's going to change the name of that variable in a way that's going to make it harder to create collision when someone else extends this class and I know this sounds completely abstract so this is why I put this code example together here because what we can do now we can take a look at the attributes on this object right so now we're looking at the attributes in this object here and what we can do now is we can look for foo underscore bar and dunder bass in this list and then we're gonna notice some interesting changes so with the Foo variable that just appears here one two one right so self dot foo appears as foo on the class then we've got self underscore bar and that'll appear as underscore bar so you know nothing changed here is just a convention a hint meant for the...