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>> Good afternoon students. Welcome to another exciting grammar lesson. Today, we will learn about present unreal conditionals. I like to call this the crazy conditionals because the grammar is a little bit tricky and difficult. But we will understand this grammar. What is a conditional? A conditional or condition is an if clause with result. It's talking about two actions. The first action is a choice and the second action is the result. There are real and unreal conditionals. I already made a video about real conditionals. So if you need a review, please watch the video. I will put the link to the real conditionals down in the description box. But today, I will give a comparison between the real and the unreal conditionals. Then I will talk more about the usage and the grammatical structures of the unreal. Let's begin. Real conditional is about real possibility, about a possible plan. Think of real as true. It can happen. For the unreal. It is not real, imaginary. It is in your head. It is talking about hypothetical situation, not true, the result cannot happen. For the grammar structure of the real conditional, we use if with simple present and will. For example, if the boy studies, he will pass the test. The condition is the boy studies and the result, he will pass the test. This is a real scenario because the result can happen. It is very possible. I will give you a quick example of the unreal. If the boy had money, he would travel the world. Here, the reality is, he does have money, he's poor, so he cannot travel the world. But it is in his imagination, if the boy had money, he would travel the world. That is what he would want to do. If you'll notice in the unreal conditional, the grammatical structure is if with simple past and would. So let me bring your attention to that again. For real, you use if with simple present and will. For unreal, you use if with simple past and would. In the unreal conditional simple past does not mean the past tense. Simple past in this grammar means that the situation is not real, it is imaginary and hypothetical. That's why I call this, the crazy conditional, because it's a little bit crazy to understand. We're talking about things that are not real. Now, I want to talk about some usages of the unreal conditional. Usage number one, you use unreal conditional to talk about impossible situation. Impossible means that the result can not come true, zero percent that it will happen. For example, if I were the President of the universe, I would give more money to school. The reality is, I am not the President and I don't have power. But in my imagination, if I were the president, I would give money. This is a hypothetical question. If impossible situation. So I used if I were, simple past, with would give. Another example with impossible situation. If the man traveled to all the countries in the world, he would understand the world better. Here the reality is he lives in the United States, he has never traveled anywhere. But the hypothetical situation is, if he traveled to all the places, then he would understand. Do you see how the unreal conditional is about, impossible situation. It's very difficult for a man who has never traveled anywhere to be able to travel to all the places in the world. For usage number two, we use unreal conditional to talk about wish and desire. Our wishes and our desires are different from our realities. For example, my reality is, I am a terrible cook. I cannot cook. My husband who would know this. So if I say, if I cooked better, I would open my own restaurant. Here, this is just my desire. I'm horrible at cooking. But if I had the ability to cook better, I would open. So the condition is, cook better and the result is, would open the restaurant. Do you see how I'm using the simple past cooked, -ed, to show a hypothetical situation. It's not real. I'm not a good cook. Another example for desire. Many people desire to win the lottery. If the woman won the lottery, she would buy a new house. Here, the reality is she did not win. She is still living in her apartment. But in her head, it is imagination, if she won, simple past, she would buy a new house. The condition, won and imaginary result, would buy. You can also use unreal conditional for advice. Usually you use this when you are giving advice directly to another person. Imagine, maybe your friend comes to you and your friend asked you, "Oh, I feel so sad. I'm not in love with my husband anymore. I want to leave him. What should I do?" Here, this is good advice. You say, "Friend, if I were you, I would leave the husband." I am not my friend, so I can only use unreal. If I were my friend, that is the condition, the result, I would leave the husband. Another example of advice. Maybe another friend comes to you and the friend says, "I'm very tired, I work too much. I don't have energies for English class, I don't have energy to play with my children. What should I do?" You say, "If I were you, I would work less and I would make more time for my family." Here, the condition is, if I were you, if I were my friend, it is imaginary because I am not the other person. Just so you know, there are also past unreal conditionals, but I will talk about the past unreal in another video. Today, we're only discussing the present unreal conditionals. I want to talk a little bit more about the grammatical structure. In the unreal conditional, you use were and not was for the be verb, for all subject pronoun. I know in the simple past tense, we usually use; I was, he was, she was, it was, you, we, they, were. That is the rule. But here is what makes the crazy conditional. You have to use were for all subject pronoun. If I were, if you were, if we were, if they were, if he were, if she were, if it were, you cannot say if I was an animal. It's not correct. You will hear some people use this grammar, but the correct grammar is to use were. For example, if I were an animal, I would be a monkey. Here, the condition is, if I were an animal and the result is, I would be a monkey. I have to say, if I were, not if I was. Another example, if the man were a painter, he would make beautiful art. This is imaginary situation. You cannot say if he was a painter. You say if he were a painter, confusing, right? I know. The two main things you have to remember about the grammatical structure of the unreal is that number one, you use simple past in the if clause and number two, if you do use the be verb, you use were for all subject pronouns. Sometimes you will hear, even if, you use even if for emphasis to bring extra attention to the condition. When you use even if, you are saying that no matter what condition the result is still the same. Example, let's say now you are single and there is a man, but you hate that man. You say to the man, "even if you were a millionaire, I would not marry you." You are saying, the condition is, it doesn't matter how much money the man has, you will not marry him. So you are using even if for emphasis. You are in love with another person and you tell that person, "even if the stars fell down from this guy, I would still love you." Here, you are bringing emphasis to the condition that, even if there weren't any more stars in the sky, you would still have the same love for this person. If you feeling romantic, you can try using the unreal condition, with your wife or your husband. As a summary, you use unreal conditions when the situation is impossible, when it is a wish and desire. Again, it's just not true. The result is not possible. You can also use the unreal for advice. The grammatical structure you use is if, with simple past and would. I hope you understood that grammar, I know it's a little bit crazy, but we just have to practice more and more and you will understand. Thank you so much for watching the video. Make sure to like the video. Leave a comment, say hello and subscribed to my video. Good Bye. Thank you.