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Forward esign understanding

Hey guys, it’s been a long time we haven’t looked at the DC-DC converters, earlier we have seen the design of buck converter, a boost converter, flyback converter, push-pull converter and a sepic converter. This time we are going to check about the forward converter, it’s working, advantages and disadvantages So buckle up guys let’s go for a ride The topology of the forward converter is slightly different than a flyback converter. The forward converter consists of a MOSFET Q1, 2 diodes D1, D2, a transformer T1, inductor L1 and o/p capacitor C1. The construction of the forward converter is like this. There is a very important difference between flyback converter and forward converter, in the flyback converter when the current is flowing through the primary coil of the transformer then there is no current in the secondary side. Here it is exactly opposite the primary and secondary current flow simultaneously through both primary and secondary coil, that’s why the name of this converter is the forward converter. These diodes D1 & D2 act like freewheeling diodes. A DC voltage is applied to the input of the converter. Let’s see the working of the forward converter, we will divide the working of this circuit into modes one when the Q1 is turned on and 2nd when Q1 turned off. In 1st mode the MOSFET Q1 is turned ON the current starts flowing through the primary and due to electromagnetic induction the current in the secondary winding flows in this direction, so the D1 gets forward biased and the voltage between primary and secondary is related to turns ratio i.e. Vp / Vs = Np / Ns. Diode D1 provides current to output filter L1 & C1. so this filter removes ripple and provides DC voltage to the load. At this point, the load voltage is (Ns / Np)*Vin. Now, in the 2nd mode of operation, the current in the primary and secondary winding fall to zero, but due to sudden change in current and stored energy in the inductor L1 according to the formula, V = L*(di/dt). The flyback voltage induces in the inductor and the polarity of the current gets reversed, so the diode D2 gets forward biased and it provides the power to the output even if the primary side of the transformer is off. So this process repeats every time. The switching = D*(Ns/Np)*Vin. So the output voltage of the forward converter is directly proportional to the duty cycle. Here we considered the ideal transformer where the transformer primary and secondary don’t store energy and current in both of these windings falls to zero as soon as the MOSFET Q1 is turned off. But in real-world these windings act as inductors. When Q1 is turned off in 2nd mode of operation the current is interrupted, so according to this equation, when current changes in a very short time the Voltage across inductor induces and the polarity of the inductor reverses, this process repeats after every cycle time...