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hi guys so I never really know how to stack these things so I'll talk a little bit about myself I'm an adult stir designer from Dublin Ireland I worked in Shanghai China for five years I've just recently moved here to Varna with my wife I have to say I'm loving Bulgarian life so far SuJu Luke ANCA and of course rikiya I'm learning the essentials in Bulgarian I'm sorry that this speech can't be a Bulgarian but I do I do try my best to learn the essentials you know for example Varna maretto Sunita Varney [Applause] [Music] so anyway I'll get answered by 3d printing so 3d printing a lot of you may have heard about 3d printing in the news as this new technology that will revolutionize the world well 3d printing actually isn't a new technology 3d printing was invented back in the 1980s by an industrial designer in America called Chuck Hall during the 80s 90s and early 2000s we saw 3d printing hit the market in large factory floor machines large industrial machines would limit a choice and huge expensive costs only in the past five to ten years have we seen 3d printing hit a new era a new form that we call desktop 3d printing but in desktop 3d printing there are many different forms in itself from what we call the riprap kit is a kit that you assemble yourself to more polished and plug-and-play desktop machines so what is treaty printing 3d printing or formally known as additive manufacturing is the process of creating an object through a layer by layer a fashion what I mean by this is if you could imagine an orange now imagine cutting that orange up into slices now put those slices back together as they were cut and this is a very basic explanation of what your treaty printing is I'll give you another example imagine a chocolate syringe and a piece of paper draw a circle on the piece of paper of chocolate let it cool for 10 seconds and then draw another circle on top of that circle repeat this process over and over again and you will have effectively created or treaty printed a chocolate cylinder so in a similar process a technology called FDM fusion deposit machining is one of the main technologies in 3d printing what happens is it takes a material normally what we call filament it's like a spaghetti shape it goes into the printer the printer heats it up to 210 degrees for PLA and and other materials are higher temperature and what happens is it turns that filament into molten plastic it then deposits that plastic on a layer and as you can see in the gif it builds it up layer by layer let me give you an example of a current process in manufacturing today which is called CNC milling or subtractive manufacturing so in subtractive manufacturing you get your raw material as a block you then put this large block onto the machine and the machine then mills or cuts away at the block so that you obtain your object through the last fashion this creates a lot of waste and as I just explained 3d printing hopefully you can see the benefits over the CNC milling but in 3d printing there are many different technologies even within la as you can see there are seven on the board and in fact that's grown to almost ten just couldn't fit it on the side today we're going to be focusing on desktop 3d printing most of the ones that you see here such as the material jet the binding jetting the vaporizing and the direct energy depositing these are technologies normally found in large industrial 3d printers and their benefits would be that they can't really print directly in metal and can print in multiple materials at once but as I said we're gonna be focusing on desktop 3d print which consists of FDM fusion two puzzle machining and SLA they're stereo lithography so stereo fog Rafi what is it all about how does it work imagine a transparent bath and you put a UV resin in that bath now imagine lowering a bed to the bottom of the bath and a laser or projector projecting a shape onto that bottom of the bath what happens is that projection cures or hardens this liquid then the bath is raised half a millimeter or less and the liquid then fills up vodka and in the process starts again by hardening that next layer one of the main benefits of SLA is that you can get ultra high definition prints the surface quality and this is one of the best in all of the technologies but one of the biggest limitations is that you can only treat ePrint in one plastic one material so the main technology that I'll be focusing on today is what's called FDM printing so even in FDM printing there are advantages and disadvantages what are the main advantages is the choice of material the material strength that you can get in FDM printing is uncompelled on the larger industrial 3d printers that printed metal to give you an example of how strong a 3d printed part can be earlier this year we treaty fully treaty printed a car jack and we lifted the full weight of a car you could see this here with my colleague where he's actually cranking up the lift and you can see that it's fully taking the weight of the car this is this is standard evenness at the time we weren't sure it's gonna work and this was printed in what's called PC max polycarbonate the other advantage of FDM printing is the material properties in heat it's heat resistant si can go up to 110 degrees for PC what this means is the glass transition temperature or its softening temperature the temperature in which the material softens is above 110 degrees so it can effectively be printed a cup and have boiling liquid a boiling water inside now that has only been brought into the industry on this year and it's revolutionized the industry the last benefit that I'll talk about is the material choice so the material choice can range from PLA to ABS pcs to flexible TP use you can have flexible parts to more fun and playful filaments such as this is poly wood it mimics the surface quality of wood to composite materials which use metal fibers inside the plastic to mimic the effect of wood are the effect of metal sorry but of course with anything there are limitations what are the main limitations are the support structure so complex geometry requires a support structure to hold up that during the process now I call these limitations because the three that I'll talk about I will also show how we are tackling this within the industry today surface quality surface quality is one of the main problems that plagued all 3d printing as I refer to earlier 3d printing is the process of layer by layer so that same process creates a layer effect on the surface of your model and a lot of people don't like the surface they want a smooth glossy surface that they expect from injection mold apart the next is printer cost even though 3d printing a desktop 3d printing have dramatically dropped in price over the past five 10 years they're still at a pricing point where new users are a little bit hesitant to adopt the printing but let me talk about how we're tackling the support structure so desktop 3d printing can be categorized in two main criteria what's called the print volume so how big the printer can print an object and secondly a single or dual extruder system what this means is a dual extruder system can print in two materials simultaneously what this allows the industry to do is print such as this a vase in two colors at the same time or two materials at the same time this is a very complex bunny and we call it a bunny pill and it requires a lot of support under certain areas with the dual extruder system we're able to then print dedicated support material for that support structure this allows us to break away to support structure very readily another development that's been happening again is in the materials side of 3d printing and with what we call the dissolvable support material this is a short video to show how alpha 2d a dual extruder printer you place your part that's been printed in PVA this material is called poly vac polyvinyl acetate and it dissolves in water so within an hour all your support is been dissolved for you there's no manual labor and you can create unbelievably complex geometry such as this this kind of geometry would be impossible to manufacture to any other technology that was printed in one piece surface quality is the next limitation that we're going to challenge or tackle so a company called raze treaty have adopted the process of improving the hardware of the printer itself in fact I have the race 3d here printing on the right hand side on my left and you can go up and see that after the speeches and you can have a look and there are some examples of prints there for you to feel and touch but the market standard for resolution or the layer effect is between 100 and 200 microns what Ray's treaty has been able to do is take the market standard and bring it down all the way to 40 microns 40 microns to give you an example what that is is 0.04 of a millimeter that's extraordinary the next approach that we're taking in the industry for the surface quality is actually a project that I was very happy to lead I worked with a very very talented team of engineers in us and what we did was we produced a material on a polisher or a machine that works in tandem works together so what happens is the material is printed like any other material and it comes out of the printer you place it in the machine it lowers into the chamber and the chamber then takes alcohol and it vaporizes it creates a mist within two chamber to polish the outside of the surface this means that you don't have to hand polish your parts it is done for you within ten minutes or longer depending on the size of the part for example here this is an engineering block that was printed in poly smooth you could see here on the left that this is before the polishing process and after just ten minutes the polishing process has polished it up to a put to a part that honestly you would expect to receive from an injection-molded mass-manufactured part you can see a little bit of scarring here and the beautiful thing about this technology is that it can actually polish up some defects on the surface as well if you don't believe me about the surface quality here is a close-up of that same part so the last limitation that I'll talk about today is the affordability so one of the main limitations for new users who adopting treaty printing is the old front cost of the printers themselves the running costs on a material cost of treaty printing is relatively low compared to ink cartridges that of 2d printers but in the same comparison to D printers will set you back between 50 to 300 euro for the printer itself whereas 3d printing on average will cost you 1000 to 3000 euro for the printer this is a large upfront cost for new users so what we've done a profile is we've engineered and designed our machine so that it is a more affordable printer for new users we're bringing an ED 2017 and it'll be at 299 euro and we really believe that this is going to bring 3d printing into a new era with new users adopting 3d printing so that's all great but how do you go from ideation to creation as a new user how do you create those models that a printer needs to print there are many different software's such as online tutorials they're ours I pass Alex iPhone applications that allow you very simply to create a model and be ready for 3d printing some examples here are parts that we printed for the home decoration all of these were free 3d models so as a new user at the beginning you're a little bit hesitant the learning curve or 3d modeling might be a bit intimidating so you can start off by downloading I believe this over 1 to 2 million on three websites that I know Thingiverse 3d shook and my mini factory so you can download apart you can customize it to your taste by choosing what color you want you can even resize it and print it out at home on your home desktop printer there are also companies such as nervous systems nervous systems allow you to modify on the fly their products this is a I believe it's a necklace it allows you to choose your design change the shape to your tastes and then it allows you to download that model ready for 3d printing for free but 3d printing is not only for students or for my generation 3d printing can be a very exciting adventure for young children as well I got the opportunity to work with a very talented designer early this year and there's a short video I'm going to show you on how he implemented 3d printing in his process in designing small tools small animals for children to play with designer and create the I remember when I was I used to create my story now children and their free imagination free because they can create a story so early this year I also got the opportunity to work with some design firms Garibaldi's design firm in Shanghai that design luxury watches what they did is they approached us to prototype the design so that they can evaluate how the form the ergonomics will act this is extremely important process for any designer because they feel they feel that they can't evaluate the product from through a digital screen they need to feel the form and function of a product what was most interesting about this process was the evolution of the clasp so as young designers they over engineered the clasp and by through the process of 3d printing evaluating and redesigning they were able to cut their material costs by 15% on each watch simply by evaluating reforming 3d printing and I think it's a very good example of a company that's utilized 3d printing in their process you could see some of the prod prototypes here where they went from different concepts down to their sample part from the manufacturer and today they've launched 500 watches worldwide the next process they use 3d printing was in fact in my own process workflow when designing for the polisher we went from sketching rough sketching our idea onto paper we thence solidified our idea and created pad drawings and 3d models so from those car drawings the treaty models the next step was to get a working prototype and what was important for a working prototype is that the material that is made from would be strong and will be chemically resistant because of the alcohol inside the chamber so we used the PC that you we previously mentioned we were able to hand sand Prime and spray so that we can achieve a finished product and this is honestly a working prototype but still working today over eight months and we're very very proud of it we didn't just use 3d printing in the final design we also used it through the evolution of the product itself so here you can see some of the proof of concepts we went this is the heart of the product the self what's called a nebulizer the part that actually turns the alcohol into mist so we went from very rudimentary shapes all the way down to a smaller form factor and including the electronics in it so we went from like I said very very rough 3d prints for the base here and a lot of the components inside went with a larger and we went through our process and through the entire process 3d printing was absolutely vital so what's important here is to note that how quickly we were able to evaluate and to prototype its each iteration we didn't just design one product and say that's it that's going on to the shelves for customers no we wanted to improve the product it true out of each iteration and we were able to do that all in-house that's incredible I've been in a process where we've outsourced sampling or we've outsourced prototyping so that we can get a working prototype or a proof-of-concept this is a time consuming process so being able to do it in house was invaluable the last slide I want to share with you guys is honestly one of the biggest and best case studies our treaty printing I'm very very excited about actually so print plus is a Dutch company started up by three young designers straight out of college so their aim was to design a set of headphones but with a twist they were a startup company young designers so they had never designed for mass manufacturing they didn't have the experience that some designers with 10 20 years experience have when designing for mass manufacturing they also didn't have the funding or money to pay for these upfront costs that the Chinese manufacturers ask which can be between 5,000 to 20,000 for a mold or for a part so what they did was they set out to design a 3d printable a headset that they can send to users to print at home what's amazing about this is they were able to then from a product that would probably be between 14 to 16 parts in there they were able to narrow it down into simply six so this allowed them to focus on the electronics rather than the hardware by doing so they were able to put more money and time into electronics and able to produce electronics that you would expect from a high-end manufacturer such as Bang and Olsen or boss so as I say here know molding costs no plastic manufacture needed and in fact a more simplified assembly these are huge saving costs the next is the customization so for as a customer you're get you get the hardware sent to you and you print it at home this allows you to design how you want you can change the color you can change the design to how you feel on the day this is a huge huge possibility for customers the next is the package is smaller its lighter so therefore the delivery cost is lower from factory to factory overseas and domestic this is a game further saving pasta and it's absolutely vital printout replacement parts for customers who may break the headset that's a nightmare to try go through the normal process of working with customer service in this factor you're able to treaty print your own replacement parts and finally all these saving costs are passed on to their customers so they're able to produce these at twenty two dollars rather than a hundred and forty dollars so anyway I hope that shows you how well 3d printing can be brought into your workflow and I hope you enjoy the presentation [Applause] here