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[Music] hello welcome to episode number 17 the february episode of curiosity the science show what moved science in the last month so that this show brings the major international breakthroughs the cutting edge of the science plus of course news observances and opportunities so please stay tuned so the first part of curiosity is about the research you know so this section is about psychology and behavior related research the first story of this episode is childhood network was associated with machiavellianism psychopathy and narcissism all these are dark triad of trait we have covered quite often times in curiosity so which in turn were related to greater levels of melanoma and creativity as others when the children grow up as adult who were more likely to think about ways to take revenge on others fabricate lies to simplify a solution and pull pranks you know i recently came across an african proverb that summarizes this study the child who is not embraced by the village will burn it down to feel its warmth you see the child who is not embraced by the village will burn it down to feel the warmth so it's all about the community interaction and belongingness you know so that is really important for parenting the next story is about political polarization the lack of respect and open-mindedness in political discussions may be due to the effective polarization what does that mean the belief those with opposing views are immoral or unintelligent intellectual humility the willingness to change belief when presented with evidence was linked to the lower effective polarization so the key to get rid of this effective polarization is intellectual humility kovid 19 pandemic has led to significant worsening of already poor dietary habits low activity levels sedentary behavior and high alcohol consumption among the university students so it's quite alarming u.s politicians who engage in negative partisanship referring to hostile non-substantive rhetoric about opposing party or statement emphasizing defeats of partisan opponents are not rewarded with higher evaluations from the citizen you know this kind of studies we have featured in earlier episodes of the curiosity too especially with the political violence that is going to backlash the political parties who resort to the violence you know that many studies have came across the same uh you know the conclusion so waters don't want representation focused around the polarization so there is a key takeaway message shortening the work week that is actually from five days a week to four days a week reduces the smoking and obesity and improves overall health that is what a study from france shows you know we have covered this earlier as well in in curiosity you know the general trend is the more you work the more stress your entire life becomes how individuals with dark personality traits react to go with 19 people high in narcissism and psychopathy were less likely to engage in cleaning behaviors people with narcissism have a negative response to the pandemic as it restricts our ability to exploit others within the social system you see very interesting entitled people with low humility and low inquisitiveness are more prone to believing the conspiracy theories these individuals tend to exhibit heightened narcissism and antagonism along with reduced intellectual humility impulse control and inquisitiveness masculine insecurity predicts the endorsement of aggressive politics and support for donald trump such as three studies supporting the notion that men who are likely to doubt their masculinity may support aggressive policies politicians and parties possibly as a means of affirming their manhood yet another masculinity related story is that when men's masculinity feels threatened they may attempt to restore it by withdrawing from the relationship that could provide caring support not only could this harm the relationship and affect the romantic partner but this tactic may not restore masculinity in the eyes of others people in the us with more authoritarian tendencies are less likely to wear a mask when going out in public which might be explained by the fact that they also tend to be less concerned about the impact of kovite 19 young children aged 4 and 6 who have experienced compassionate parenting are more generous to others than their peers mothers who express compassionate love and empathy provide an early example of pro-social orientation toward needs of others new research suggests that the use of terms like muhammad chinese virus by conservative media outlets and republican figures had a measurable impact on this unconscious bias against asian americans including indian americans you know indian citizen the us so the study found that implicit bias increased after the use of such phrases went viral quite alarming trend men in military who were randomly assigned to mixed gender squads for eight weeks developed more egalitarian attitudes than those assigned male squads contrary to some predictions the integration of women in the squares did not reduce the male recruiters performance so this is a study from norwegian randomized controlled trial conservatives are more likely to see empirical that is scientific and experimental that is anecdotal perspectives as more equal in legitimacy liberals think empirical evidence is better at approximating the reality conservatives are more likely to say that both research and adults were legitimate never trust anecdotes coming to humanities politics and policies related stories u.s states that rely on private prisons incarcerate more people for longer period of time according to first of its kind study that establishes a causal connection between private prisons and incarceration you see so the private entities need money you know and that is why they extend the stay of the prisoners so that is really really alarming i'm really happy that we don't really have any private prison concept here in india you know so states have agreement with the private prison companies that guarantee a certain percentage occupancy so if the state doesn't lock up enough people they have to pay the prison company you see that is why this this kind of problems arise a national mass mandate in the u.s early in the kovite 19 pandemic could have led to as much as 47 percentage less deaths by the end of may which roughly translates to up to 47 000 saved lives but unfortunately there were no mass mandate in early covet 19 period unlike here in india you see and corona virus india coveted 19 response saved over one lakh lives that is what the new economic survey says so we are really thankful about the mass mandate which has been imposed here in india early in times so geek economy company so big economies about the free market for uh most of the workers uh you know they only have short stints of uh you know wage you know the daily workers uh it doesn't have any permanent employees so this kind of gig economic companies like uber and lyft rely on a model that resembles anti-labor practices employed decades before by the u.s construction industry and could lead to similar erosion in earnings of the workers that is what the new study finds providing workers with universal basic income did not reduce productivity or amount of effort they put in their work so according to an experiment a sign that the policy initiative could help mitigate inequalities and debunking a common criticism of the proposal supporters of political party changed their policy views immediately and substantially after the party switches its position on an issue a sign that political allies could be shaping the opinions of the waters findings caught into question whether democracies genuinely represent the views of the waters each additional dollar of minimum wage reduces infant debts up to 1.8 percentage annually and reduces teen birth rate by 3 percentage in large u.s cities these findings support the increasing demand for the federal minimum wage to be raised from 7.25 dollar to 15 dollars per hour critics say green policies different growth the opposite may be true environmental regulations can in fact increase worker productivity and overall capital accumulation according to new research with green taxes having largest potential effect on the productivity the social class and wealth of your ancestors even as far back as 600 years ago partly determine your current income there is a glass floor that protects descendants of the upper class from falling down the economic ladder inheritance is a privilege grandiose narcissists often emerge as leaders but they are no more qualified than non-narcissists and have negative effects on the entities that they lead their characteristics including grandiosity self-confidence entitlement willingness to exploit others make them more effective political actors a study reveals that 62 percentage of the people report having useful dreams and nine percentage even use dreams to make important life decisions you see i remember a quote from thomas edison never go to sleep without a request to your subconscious so you know the sleep is really productive in one sense that we even make decisions when we are sleeping you know it's also related to a psychological effect called the psychonic effect so leaving project unfinished you know so that we can ruminate upon it subconsciously with you know time to think about that projects or essays that you write you can leave the sentence in the middle you know so that is a very good productivity tip so twitter bots are major source of climate disinformation researchers determined that nearly 9.5 percentage of the users in their sample were likely bots but those bots that is just 9.5 percentage accounted for 25 percentage of the total tweets about the climate change see coming to life and environment related stories a quarter of all non-b species having been seen since 1990s very alarming story and how to help the bees plant more native plants instead of exotic flowering plants so look for the native plants from the wilderness and plant it in in your backyard deforestation dropped by 18 percentage in two years in african countries where organizations subscribe to receive warnings from a new service using satellites to detect decreases in the forest cover in the tropics so the carbon emissions avoided were worth between 149 million that's fantastic so the gis is helping the policy makers for with the law enforcement that is actually uh translating to reduced you know uh the deforestation in africa i hope uh this this trans this kind of phenomenon happens uh rest of the world last one new research reveals that the bacteria have internal clocks that align with 24-hour cycle of life on earth you know the circadian rhythm in a non-photosynthetic bacteria is a very exciting piece of story published last month the research answers a long-standing biological question that could have implications for the timing for drug delivery biotechnology and how we develop timely solutions for crop production researchers in japan have made first observations of the biological magnetoreception live unaltered cells responding to a magnetic field in the real time this discovery is a crucial step in understanding how animals from birds to butterflies navigate using earth's magnetic field like arctic term i remember one very exciting piece of story published a few years back uh this is uh you know it's about the docs the study analyzed thousands of dogs it says 5582 urinations and 1893 defecations of the dogs so what they found is that dogs prefer to poo along north south axis oh friends i love science the science is full of curiosity driven questions and answers like this and is it only for the animals how about human beings of course we are animals right so yes there are evidences for the human geomagnetic sense so this is from a you know a study from the contact which they published in several journals so you know you can link up in the reference section of this video the show notes i have covered this human geomagnetism in one of the earlier episode of curiosity too so now we know that white platypus which belongs to monotremes you know are so weird the genes are part bird reptile and mammal so the whole genome sequence of the platypus which has been published last month reveals that it's it's an allocate of you know the bird reptile and mammal is very exciting so by the way this platypus that that that is found only in australia you know the western australia which is uh it you know it's a sub aquatic species so platypus is the male members of platypus are venomous and it's it's very strange right the dark like bill you know and very exciting kind of an animal very very awkward looking and of course the platypus uh is only one among two animals or mammals uh the other one is echidna which is uh egg laying egg laying memory you know and of course the platypus doesn't have nipple uh it just oozes out the milk through its skin you know very very interesting creature so new maps show that the forest absorbs twice as much carbon as they release each year the continued destruction of the world's largest tropical forest around 11.9 million hectares of the tropical tree cover was lost in 2019 alone makes some less powerful compensating so it's a high time for us to protect our uh you know the forest especially the tropical forests here in india the rich causes seven times more emissions than the poor you know so the study presents the first nationwide region and class specific assessment of the carbon footprint using the consumption data across 623 districts and 2 lakh 3 313 households so the pattern might be very similar rest of the world as well the rich the carbon footprint the carbon footprint is basically that you know how much is a co2 emission a per capita co2 emission you know the carbon footprint is pretty high for the rich everywhere in the world here in india as well coming to medicine and diagnostics related stories korean scientists developed the techniques for diagnosing prostate cancer from urine with only 20 minutes with almost 100 percentage accuracy using artificial intelligence and biosensor without the need for invasive biopsy exciting piece of information there are several stories where ai is involved with the medical diagnostics especially with the ct scan and mri scans and even x-rays it may be further utilized in precise diagnosis of other cancers using urine tests but remember the the main issue with prostate cancer is over treatment you know of the less aggressive varieties so less aggressive varieties need no treatment you know but we we do excessive chemotherapy and that have advanced effect so monitoring of the low risk of people are perfectly fine with this prostate cancer biomarkers in father sperm linked to the offspring autism friends these biomarkers are epigenetic and can be passed down to future generation epigenetics is above one step above the genetics so it is not called around the genome but it's actually uh you know the expression patterns for example methylation is uh you know transferred from one generation to the next in a set of blind tests researchers were able to use these to determine whether other men had further autistic children with 90 percentage accuracy which is a small spanish study how would mothers yet another study published last month this about biomarkers in mother's plasma predicting a type of autism in offspring with 100 percentage accuracy it's for the first time that machine learning has been used to identify with 100 percentage accuracy maternal auto antibody related autism spectral disorder so specific patterns as a potential bio markers for asd risk so remember this machine learning uh in in the last story or so i've covered that so ai and machine learning is nowadays uh widely used with the medical diagnostics the kovit 19 pandemic which claimed more than 336 000 lives in the u.s alone in 2020 has significantly affected the life expectancy life expectancy at birth for the americans will shorten by 1.13 years to 77.48 years there is a largest single year decline in life expectancy in at least 40 years and perhaps unfortunately the same trend might be occurring elsewhere in the world as well you know the world's average life expectancy is 72.6 years while here in india it's much lower sixty nine point four two years this is the figure pre-covered nineteen so perhaps our life expectancy will reduce postcode 90. despite more than 12 years of data supporting hpv vaccine there is a human papillomavirus vaccine being safe and effective against genital warts and cancer a new study found that facebook post helped facilitate the belief that hpv vaccine is dangerous to health with nearly 40 percentage of the post about hpv vaccine amplifying a perceived risk cancer cells hibernate like beers in winter to survive chemotherapy all cancer cells may have the capacity to enter the states of dormancy as survival mechanism to avoid the destruction from the chemotherapy the mechanism of these cells deploy notably resembles one used by hibernating animals kovit 19 is not influencer in hospital mortality was 16.9 percentage with kovite 19 and 5.8 percentage with influencer so covet night is almost uh you know three times larger mortality was 10 times higher in children is 11 to 17 years would go with 19 than in patients with the same age groups with influenza a paper published in landsat in the last month reveals a new study suggests that more than half of the doctors nurses and emergency respondents uh involved with covet 19 care could be at risk for more one or more mental health problems including acute traumatic stress depression anxiety problematic alcohol use and insomnia so doctors already suffer from significantly higher amount of burnout you know psychological burnout rate and nurses suffer higher than normal mental health issues pre-covet 19 as well so the covid90 simply aggravates the entire risk lack of sleep and stress can lead to symptoms resembling concussion uh you know the brain injury between 11 percentage and 27 percentage of healthy college athletes with no history of recent concussion reported symptoms that met criteria for post-concussion syndrome that is pcs predicted by lack of sleep pre-existing mental health problems and stress coming to new stories from the last month first is kovit 19 treatment and vaccine update first is treatment uh there is no updates so only one approved drug by the chilean sciences ram de severe and the brand name is van glory so unfortunately we don't get this medicine in the market yet here in india and now coming to vaccine we have five candidates at phase three clinical trial despite all the fanfare and all the media glory that we have several vaccines but none of the vaccine have really got approval from fda you see or here in india as well we have only emergency use approval you know and we right now we have five candidates and uh of course all the five candidates we don't have any addition from the last month and the update is that novo vacs have published the phase three clinical trial data which is 90 percentage effective which is a very good news indeed and we now have four candidates at the phase two clinical trial the addition is innovious pharmaceuticals which is a chinese beijing based form coming to other news student e-books cost 500 percentage more than in print price causing postcode 19. it's a very alarming trend uh not at all acceptable origins of the money the researchers found that 70 percentage of certain bronze objects from the early bronze age that is approximately 3000 bc are distinguishably the same weight implying they were created to be interchangeable shaped like rings x-blades and ribs they are thought to be the first evidence of the currency approximately five thousand years back you know countries led by women have not fared significantly better in kovid 19 pandemic than those led by men i have read this story uh oftentimes in facebook and many friends do share this uh you know this graphics infographics in whatsapp and twitter as well but uh there is no truth in it so scientists have shown that a tilt of rotation axis of saturn is caused by its moons uh which is predicted to increase over the next billion years of course the tilt is affected by the moons uh but of all the planets you know indeed so research that modeled on combination of ventilation and air purification in elevators concludes no ventilation works best for minimizing cover 19 spread inside the limiter you know the lift so another reason to take the stairs instead of the lifts so apple has moved its operations to ireland to evade the u.s taxes i learned this only recently but this this is not a new story you know apple the famous american multinational company is almost completely based in ireland remember it's not about manufacturing of course the manufacturing is in the china like in many of the multinational american or japanese companies to have other manufacturing with china it's not about that but the operations are completely based in ireland and it's just invade the u.s taxes you know is it ethical of course uh you know i would say it's completely unethical of practice that the apple is doing and there will be three mars missions in this year especially in this month you see us china and uae uh in the february i will come to it in a short while you know the mars uh orbiting uh you know uh by all these three countries china's building china building its own space station called tiangong uh because iss that is international space station which is orbiting around 427 kilometers uh up in the space uh from the you know the earth surface uh it is which is nearing its retirement in 2024 so iss has got only three more years to go and replacement china is already building its uh its own space station called tiangong next is boeing the u.s aircraft firm which enters the space travel industry as well through starliner cst 100 reusable spacecraft capsule fantastic idea it's a reusable you know it's not a use and throw so it's very sustainable solution too web is a successor to hubble space telescope by nasa you know web is the successor to the hubble space remember hubble space telescope has recently been retired and web features highly sensitive cameras made in germany beaten cancels keystone xl pipeline and rejoins paris climate agreement exciting piece of information you know the job in the new us president uh which is uh insisting on the science center policy making so by the way keystone xl pipeline is a pipeline from the uh the oil fields of up in north the canada to the curve you know so they completely cancel it that agreement you know it's which is very good you know the fossil fuel it's not good for the sustainability isn't it and rejoins the parent climate agreement for in support of the climate action you know so this is a tweet by the president science will always guide my administration you know lots of respect to you president biden it's amazing uh you know the kind of policy i hope that you can deliver you know so yeah so uh another story which has been uh featured in the bbc natural wonder wing club source mystery of the butterfly flight so you might wonder uh do the science have no answer till date how the butterflies fly yeah you are right we we still have no answer so this is a piece of uh study from university of loomd in sweden uh published last month you know uh that is that actually so that it's a combination of uh you know that of a flipping movement and flap closure of these wings and that actually propels the butterfly through aerodynamic properties so that is a very exciting piece of story yeah that is a you know that that came as a big surprise how about airplanes you might wonder no we still don't have any clue why planes stay in the air you see that this is a story from the science science i mean it's a very old story well most of us have traveled in airplanes but you know it it's a big surprise that science don't know how the airplanes stay in the air you see majority of the the innovations that is happening in science and technology are not planned you know these are actually by uh you know something called tinkering even the medicines in modern evidence based medicine we exactly don't know how it works but we have solid evidence that it works you know and scientists are still studying their best to know how it works you know the how questions are really performed so we still don't know how the planes stay in the air we just know that by practice so in one sense curiosity driven tinkering matters a lot more than you know experiments in science uh this is a paper published last month in applause computational biology protein vr web-based molecular visualization in virtual reality so it's basically the vr headset for visualization of the molecule very interesting you know and we can use this vr uh for the teaching also especially in the biophysics uh three-dimensional visualization of protein for example spike protein of kovite 19 virus uh novels uh coronavirus or scoff two uh is really important while deciding the treatment scenarios you know for the covet 19. the two new species of ants discovered from kerala and tamil nadu by himendar party he is based here in punjab in punjabi university so these two ant species are named as usaria joshi and uh usaria de camera so this joshia is an honor for the professor of uh indian national science amitabh joshi uh you know a very uh well-known figure in evolutionary biology and apparently the ximena party is you know he is a good friend of amitabh yoshi so in uh in you know in taxonomy this is how the nomenclature is no so people name you know their friends and especially the well-wishers and their mentors as uh paying homage you know so there is what uh a large number of taxonomists uh they practice this you know this this practice in in uh in any kind of normal case of botanical or zoological nomenclature you see a new orange and black bat species is always ready for halloween a new species of orange bat discovered in number mountains of guinea you know the african country kenya an orange bat how cute it is you know how curiously driven the science is isn't it plus one another paper it says that characterization of asr gene and its role in draw tolerance in chickpea you know so the chickpea drought tolerance mechanism has been revealed in this plos one paper and this is by supriya such deva in icar that is indian council of agriculture research in new delhi a very landmark paper i would say you know of course chickpea is uh you know it's a it's basically a purse and you know it's a word parts day is coming up 10th of february it's a un world pulse day so you know this news this breakthrough came quite nearing the word pulse day lots of respect for these researchers from icar so fertilizers livestock and biomass burning are spewing ammonia into the air across india uh that is a very alarming story you see that air pollution is one of the important cause of death in one of the earlier episodes of the curiosity i've covered that more than one lakh infant deaths can be attributed to air pollution here in india we really need to improve the health of the the air as well as the the food that we eat as well as the water that we drink so the world's biggest drone raman x will send satellites into the space on rocket this is a story published in the indian express sundar ben's home for 428 species of birds that is what the zsi's new record say largest sea on saturn's moon titan could be more than 1 000 feet deep you know nasa's test mission discovers exoplanet in our galaxy older than the sun another very interesting astronomy related story google maps improves the support for 10 indian languages and these languages are malayalam punjabi i'm really surprised that even hindi was not in included in the you know in the google maps support now that we can actually search in any of these regional languages you know malayalam or punjabi uh you know or hindi uh yes so that is really interesting uh you know that's a good development from the google maps whatsapp's differential treatment of indian users a cause of concern that is what the center says in the delhi high court you know so remember that the rules the the what's up uh cannot share uh the you know the the data with the facebook if you are living in europe because european union have got very strict rules on uh data sharing you know and the privacy uh but the whatsapp have recently yeah you know that they insisted on that they are going to share the the use of data with the facebook here in india that is a that's a concern you know and that has actually led to severe backlash that many people have now quit what's up and jumped into a signal here that's my favorite we have covered that in one of the past episode of the curiosity you know the signal is really really strong uh it has got this back-to-back encryption and it's a you know it's an open source where as well coming to observances in february for this international day of human fraternity sixth is international day for zero tolerance to female genital mutilation tenth is world pulses day eleventh is international day of women and girls in science you know very important day for us 12th is darwin day you know the the birth anniversary of charles darwin 13th is world radio day 20th is world day of social justice 21st is international mother language day you know the mother tongue day 28 is national science day here in india you know so 21 theme is that uh the future of sti that is science technology and innovation impacts on education skills and work you know the dst has recently put up the draft sdi you know sti 2021 that is science technology innovation policy and perhaps because of that this year's the theme of national science day is future of sdi impacts on education skills and work so by the way this national science day is celebrated uh to celebrate the discovery of ramen effect by cv ramen and remember uh cv ramen remains the last science noble from the indian soil so that that happened in 1930 and since 1930 that is that this during the producers time remember so post independence india has never produced a single um science nobel prize winner from our soil that is uh alarming indeed you know so we really have to work harder isn't it so 11 february is international day for women and girls in science you know that is really really important day because women in science is a very important theme for the government as well you know the women in science so coming to february astronomy related observances third february is asteroid 18 melbourne at opposition seventh is ngs2808 well placed it's very good if you really want to uh take a picture of this astronomical body it's basically a circular you know spherical galaxy eight is alpha centauri meteor shower you know and ninth is are amar that that means hop prop that is a ua united arab emirates prop to the mars that starts orbiting remember this al ammar they launched way back in july 2020 last year and now it is nearing uh to orbit the mars you know or only few countries have their satellites orbiting the mars india to have way back in 2013 we have our mangalyan isn't it so 10th is tian when china to orbit more so the chinese mars mission tian so more and more countries are now approaching the mars tenth is conjunction of the moon and saturn eleventh is venus jupiter conjunction eighteenth is perseverance that is nasa's uh mars mission lands on the mars you know it's a mars uh landing 19th is conjunction of the moon and mars and 20th is ngs 31 14 well placed 27 is a full moon day so called snow moon the full moon happening in the in the month of february is called snow moon it's culturally relevant a full moon day in several of the cultures throughout the world coming to opportunities in this month uh serb startup grand 1st march 2021 is the deadline sub core research grant 8th march is a deadline serb teachers associate ship 15th march is a deadline barak 18 february cognitive science research initiative that is csri 15th feb digital transformation for green energy transition mi call 2020 17 february is a deadline and fundamental research under bilateral program with germany that is dbt dfg 28th february is a deadline max planck summer internship program that is max sip imprs for molecular life sciences 12th february is a deadline science technology innovation policies fellowship program of the dsd 19th february is a deadline in the german science and technology center that is ig stc 25th february is a deadline accelerated translational grant for commercialization that is atgc 28 february is the deadline and why i am that is young investigators meeting call is open now 15th february is a deadline uh this is the call is through the india biosciences uh you know the the website that's it for this february episode of curiosity i hope you enjoyed this show and if you like the show please share it in your relevant groups and subscribe to this channel and i will see you all in the next month there is a march episode of curiosity until then goodbye and please take care of yourself i miss this kobe 19 pandemic and if you can please take care of someone else too good bye and see you soon [Music] you