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all right I am gonna kick off my little intro spiel so I am Peter I am your host for Mercer Museum family trivia night tonight's theme as I just said is marine mammals and American history now is a good chance to grab a pen and paper to keep track of your scores at home unfortunately due to the webinar setup I have I can only see how the group as a whole answers and cannot see how each interval individual team answers so please if you want to keep your own score I grab a pencil and paper to keep track at home now as always please do not use the Internet to get answers even though there is no one to enforce that rule I would hope that you know from the goodness of your heart you would not use the internet to to figure out any answers for tonight's trivia alrighty with that in place I think we are going to get started as always a video of this trivia will be up on our Explorer Museum or website by the end of the week if you ever want to replay any of our trivia or missed any of the previous ones those videos are all up online and you can play along at home with those and with that we are gonna kick off our Berkshire Museum trivia night so the first half of our trivia is all focused on marine mammals so the marine mammal that we want I want to talk about first it's possibly the cutest of all marine mammals it is the sea otter famous for holding hands while they sleep for having a very thick double layered coat that protects them from the cold water of the North Pacific where they live although there are some who there are sea otters down in California as well but that thick coat the outer layer keeps the water out and the inner layer traps the heat in LA they also will feed on sea urchins squid fish mollusks they will use rocks as hammers in order to open up any clams and things that they want to eat and they will do that by laying the clam on their tummy while they're floating in the water and then hitting it with a rock everything they do is adorable despite the fact that they are a predator and they will hunt down a fish or a squid but it's still at the end of the day a very very cute predator so my question for you guys is which US state has the largest sea otter population so in if you were looking to find as many sea otters as possible which u.s. state would have the largest population would you find the largest population in California Oregon Washington or Alaska so which US state has the largest population of sea otters where is your best chance to find them now sea otters are endangered or throughout every habitat they're in there populations had plummeted across the west coast however in the recent decades those populations have started to regrow so we are starting to see a regrowth of these sea otter populations but they are still an endangered species and protected as these populations re-establish themselves all righty we're going to end our polling there with a narrow plurality Alaska was the most common after that it was California the answer is Alaska Alaska is home to the largest population of sea otters they range from the southern coast of Alaska throughout the islands in the Bering Sea so the Alaska due to its enormous coastline has a huge number of sea otters that range all the way from Southern Alaska out to the furthest points of Alaska out near Russia there's in fact also some sea otters out in Russian waters as well alrighty next up now at the brochure Museum we actually have Herman Melville's desk as you know Herman Melville wrote a particular book about an ornery whale so a man declares vengeance on a whale and seeks to hunt it my question for you is what type of whale was Captain Ahab hunting why did he gather a crew and Nantucket and set sail for the Pacific to hunt this species of whale is it a sperm whale a blue whale a humpback whale or a right whale which species of whale is Captain Ahab going after and to complete voyage he had to cross from the Atlantic into the Pacific around the Cape of Good Hope so all the way down through the very end of South America all right just a few more seconds on those guesses whale hunting was very very was a very profitable industry in early New England Society and whale bone and whale oil were highly prized commodities alrighty we're gonna end our polling there most of you guys got this the correct answer was these sperm whale sperm whales are known for their high amount of whale oil they and that whale oil is what people were after when they were hunting whales all right up next we have a different type of marine mammal this here is a freshwater dolphin famously the freshwater dolphins of the Amazon are what come to mind is because many of them have a very bright pink coloration to them this one here is a bit darker these are a species of dolphin which lived solely in fresh water so I they live throughout the Amazon basin and will hunt fish in the numerous rivers throughout Brazil however they are not the only freshwater dolphins in the world my question for you guys is where else can you find freshwater dolphins can you find them in the Nile River in Egypt the Congo River in central Africa the Ganges River in India or the Yellow River in China now there are several rivers in the world only one of the rivers listed here has freshwater dolphins so only one of these rivers listed is one that has freshwater dolphins there are several rivers in the world which are home to these animals there are also several species of dolphin such as the Irrawaddy dolphin which primarily live in the ocean but are capable of swimming upstream through brackish water so there is an Irrawaddy dolphin which might make its way up into the mekong river from the Mekong Delta I however that dolphin primarily lives in salt water it is just able to survive in fresh water for a short time whereas freshwater dolphins cannot survive in salt water their skin cannot handle it they die and so they are solely a freshwater dolphin all right we're gonna end our pulling their mix of results a number of you guys guessed the Yellow River in China which is a pretty good guess there actually was it is the the Yellow River did not have a freshwater dolphin species it was actually the Yangtze River which that dolphin species has gone extinct however both the Ganges and Indus River in China I'm not trying to in India have a freshwater dolphin species living there they're actually two different ones there is a species for the Ganges River and a species for the Indus River so both those rivers in India still have freshwater dolphins living in them already now these animals here are commonly known as killer whales they are brutally efficient hunters they are willing to take down a great white shark and there is record of one killer where or as they are properly known Orca hunting great whites and eating only their livers because it preferred their liver over every other part they will also eat fish seals and a number of other large animals they are incredible hunters out in their native habitat however my question for you guys is although they bear the name killer whale our orcas actually whales so this is a true/false or it's complicated so our orcas whales so true/false or it's complicated you you you you you all right we've got all votes in quickly on that one I'm gonna share the results it was a tie between false and it's complicated false I will give as the correct answer but you can get a half point for if you answered it's complicated I actually sorry half point for false full point for it's complicated all dolphins are a member of the toothed whale family so technically all dolphins fall under a broader scope of whale however if we're not being really pedantic orcas are members of the dolphin family which is considered separate from the true whales however if you're being looking at larger classifications all dolphins fall under the branch of they're called cetaceans these the whale animals are fall under the toothed whale category it's basically baleen whales toothed whales and dolphins fall under toothed whales so it's a little bit complicated but technically dolphins fall under a broad category of whale and orcas are a type of dolphin but as I said it's it's complicated so full points where it's complicated half points for if you answered false all righty my next question and the last of our mammal questions is about these cute little guys here now if you were to go to Cape Cod and you might happen to see a number of harbor seals or possibly even gray seals or hooded seals depending on the time of year as they move with the warmer and colder water but harbor seals are the most numerous and the most common now all the seals if you're ever in the beach and you see a bunch of seals in Cape Cod get out of the water they are a huge sign that great whites are probably somewhere to be found seals are a main source of food for large ocean predators like the great white and I say also have historically been used for their furs as just like the sea otters before them they have very very water-resistant fur which made it a high-value item for sort of for fur coats for hats and things like that so their populations were depleted just like the sea otters however with bans on seal hunting their populations are regrowing and Massachusetts is seeing much larger populations of seals which is also why we're now seeing much more great whites coming back to the Cape Cod in the summer we now have more seals to feed them however when seals are not being afraid of great whites and they feel safe and content they often strike this pose so when seals are hanging out on rocks and on the beach they often strike a particular pose when they're feeling safe and comfortable is it the palm tree pose where they bend their feet and dangle them over their head is it their banana pose where they sort of curve themselves into a banana is it the upward facing dog just like the yoga pose they put their fins down and stick their heads up and arch them like they're balancing a ball on their nose or is it a doughnut bow pose and do they curl up sort of like a cat when they're feeling comfortable so when a seal feel super safe and super happy what is the pose I that they strike you all right another you seconds on those answers you already we're gonna end there top guess was the banana pose and you guys are a hundred percent correct they will strike the banana pose they raise their heads and there is their feet as the pose seal strike when they're just feeling happy as you can see with this little cutie here this is the classic banana pose of a happy and content seal and they just sort of Bend themselves up at both ends all right that was the final round of our marine mammals questions up next we are moving on to American history so are we just had our Independence Day with which commemorates the signing of the Declaration of Independence which is said to be July 4th but the signers actually signed it over a long period of time in fact the last signature was in November of the yeah we took place months afterwards so the signatures took a long time to accrue on it the last signature was a man from New Hampshire there was no space under the left in the New Hampshire delegates column so he simply signed his name underneath everyone's at the bottom of the page my question for you is since they had this long period of time to sign the Declaration of Independence how many people signed it in the end so how many signatures when you count them all up are on the Declaration of Independence are the 38 signatures 41:56 or sixty-two signatures so delegates from each colony would sign it delegates who arrived to the who arrived to the content of Congress a little bit late also signed it or those who were sent a little bit later would also have the opportunity to sign it as well so my question for you guys is how many signed the Declaration of Independence other facts about the Declaration of Independence there is something written on the back of the Declaration of Independence it is not a treasure map as Nic Cage would have you believe it simply notes that it is in fact the original copy a mark left when it went to the printer so they knew they got the original bag so there's a mark on the back but it basically just says this is the original copy of this document I don't think anyone has tried to bake it an oven to reveal a secret message though which I would not recommend alrighty we're gonna end our polling there and we had a pretty good split between 41 signatures and 56 signatures those of you who guessed 56 hang yourself on the back there are 56 signers of the Declaration of Independence and early prints of the Declaration of Independence some of them did not include the signers some of them include only some of the signers the final official print of the Declaration of Independence made sure to include the names of all 56 signatures all righty now the Declaration of Independence came about from the Continental Congress where the representatives all came together to discuss how to deal with the changing situation with England however that emerged from a later Continental Congress during the First Continental Congress they the topic of Independence was brought up but not as widely accepted however one of the 13 colonies did not send a representative so the First Continental Congress held in Philadelphia only had 12 colonies represented although they did make allowances for additional colonists such as Nova Scotia and Quebec to potentially join the next Congress should they sway these other British colonies to their to their side now my question for you guys is you which colony did not send representatives to the First Continental Congress was it North Carolina New Hampshire Georgia or Delaware which state did not send representatives to the First Continental Congress I will give you guys a hint this particular state had a higher percentage of loyalists and did not align itself as much with the Patriot cause until a few years later so they avoided the First Continental Congress so which of these states do you think in 1774 was more loyal to England than the others you you all right well give another couple seconds on those answers all right New Hampshire was your top guess despite being a New England New England was actually leading the forefront of pushing against English rule and we're sort of a lot of the instigators in those early Patriot movements it was actually the southern states which had which needed more convincing to join the Patriot cause this is because they're farming and trade was largely dependent on trade with England so it was Georgia which was the state which did not send representatives to the First Continental Congress they had a higher percentage of loyalists and there was a lot of fear in Georgia that their economy would not survive the independence movement you already I hear we have Betsy Ross a painting of Betsy Ross creating her famous version of the American flag now she created the first flag had 13 stars and 13 stripes now my question for you and became a symbol of the u.s. the US flag is actually based off of the British naval jack and with just some tweets they took out the English flag from the blue section and replaced it with stars and put alternating red and white stripes in an area that was traditionally solid red but our flag is actually based off of the English naval jack of the period or naval flag of the period now the flag has obviously gone through a number of different variations over the years most notably adding a star every time we add a state however in the early years they would also add a stripe for every time we added a state so now we only have 13 stripes for the 13 original colonies when they were first playing around with the flag it was at a star at a stripe so every state gets both so my question is how many stripes had what was the greatest number of stripes the American flag has had at what point did they give up adding stripes and go back to being 13 stripes and however many stars we need so at what point did they look at the flag and say well that is just frankly too many stripes you you you so was it 16 15 14 or is this a trick question and they've only ever had 13 and I am lying to you guys all right all votes are in we're gonna end our polling run away a winner on that one was 15 stripes and you guys are absolutely correct the last flag that they added stripes to was the 15th straight flag as soon as they move to 16 Stars they took off those extra two stripes and went back to 13 for the original colonies however that 15 stripe flag is immortalized in American history because the 15 stripe flag is actually the star-spangled banner that is being sung about in the national that you is the famous star-spangled banner so here is a picture of that banner there you can see it has 15 stars and 15 stripes it is also enormous they all right now my question for you guys is the 14th state was Vermont it was added shortly after the US was created my question for you guys is what was the 15th state to join the union so we have the 13 original colonies Vermont almost immediately after the US was established joined so what was the 15th state was it Kentucky Tennessee Maine or Ohio what was the 15th state so Vermont number 14 what was next you you and Vermont was born out of the Vermont Republic it was a pseudo independent land mostly because the territory that was known as Vermont was disputed by New York and New Hampshire and there was a self-governing political body there called the Vermont Republic which said it ran itself and then eventually the US government was like yep Vermont you run yourself so they made it a state I were gonna end our polling there whew this is a this was a tough one split between Maine and Ohio Ohio is actually much later as his main Maine was a part of Massachusetts until 1820 Tennessee is close but our actual answer is Kentucky it was carved out of a piece of Virginia which was an enormous State at the time and the extra territory owned by Virginia was carved out and the state of Kentucky was formed in 1791 already we are on to our final question of the night and it happens to do with a very famous ride you might have heard a poem about it this is Paul Revere's midnight ride now I'm sure you all know the famous phrase associated with that ride but my question for you is is that the real phrase used by Paul Revere now we have his journal and he writes down what she said he said so my question for you guys is what to the best of our historical knowledge did Paul Revere shout on his midnight ride did he go as the poem say shouting the British are coming the British are coming did he shout the Redcoats are coming did he go with the regulars are coming or did he run through the towns screaming Oi wake up there's a fight so is it the British are coming the Redcoats are coming the regulars are coming or boy wake up there's a fight you now he would meet up with several writers and so they were able to hit many of the towns this system was actually loosely established during the french-indian war a few years earlier as a means to muster state militias should an attack occur and then was repurposed to support the revolution so this was a way to rally the local militias so that it could come out and defend the towns now there were several other riders as I say and including they also additionally picked up a doctor who according to his own notes was leaving a lady acquaintances house embarrassingly late at night and that is his official description of why he was out in the road that particular evening all right we've got all our guesses in we're split between two so we have the Redcoats are coming and the regulars are coming now the reason he did not shout the British are coming is because well everyone in New England sort of saw themselves as British or English so shouting the English are coming where the British are coming is makes no sense it would be like running through the town today and shouting the Americans are coming they saw themselves as British so the distinction really didn't make sense they went with the the regulars are coming the reason for this is there were a number of red coat stations throughout New England so by shouting the British are coming or the Redcoats are coming you might tip someone off the regulars are coming was not exactly a Co word but it was less inflammatory than shouting the British Army or calling up the Redcoats directly hi so the regulars is referring to the foot soldiers the regular soldiers the infantry is coming out and to prep your militias all right my friends that is the final question of the night I hope you had a great time we will be back in two weeks I have not settled on a topic yet so I will let you guys know soon so keep an eye on our Facebook page for the next trivia coming out I believe bugs will be involved so that will be our next one all right guys have a great night