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during a group by selecting a few specific examples of high commercial importance and in the second part I will focus on only one copy and then I couldn't repeat into the calculation and other issues relate to health performance to the structure activity correlations so I used a kind of guiding system 1 & 2 so how do you believe elite raise the status of my presentation so let us start with the first topic of part 1 that is the oxidation of X into edit mechanics so this is the commercial process for in castles synthesis which are the huge market roughly 4 million tons of we can still produce worldwide every year so you may ask when this process is known and is running on a Gessle scale were you going to do it again what is new this is the kind of reputation I said on our approach is somewhat different from the existing process I will show you the no idea power approach in the next slide but before going show that I will tell you the pieces are contagious associated with this process the Philippines process this involves two steps in the first and in the second step this ki is oxidized to in Kassel we can observe the first of the conversion is less than 5% so less than 5% immersed means 95% of unreacted cycle exam has to be recycled and recently is not free it occurred some additional costs the first deserve it is and this also it's run such high pressures ten to twenty bar so it's better to do a temperature question and the second step using nitric acid means production and some some time got some knobs from another point of view this is not yes so it's better to have an alternative but still running because there is no option at the moment so people are also trying to produce and it because it from other substrates but see is a solution process say process and there's other is its groups I want you to write from other sources but there is a chuda have not reached commercial scale so now knowing about our approaches that we would like to produce so it will gas it in one step than from cyclohexane pick acid either by minimizing the kie ah to get because this is only expedite research to look for the possibility of producing this I will show you is positive or not the next coming slides so we have used oil and gold nanoparticles to do this reaction so before going to show that if you look at the applications of Arabic acids it has used as variety of applications goes to polyamides all your things esters class sizes I'm not going to read everything but I want to want to say is that Cassidy is very poor chemical in our everyday life and if you look at the red began production statistics and consumption statistics and so in the last year it has produced over 4 million tons and then if you look at the growth rates the average annual growth rate is expected is that the movement is 3 percent which is expect to increase by 8 percent in the next five years and the growth is more in case of a series followed by believes some new plants are also coming up from example sign up right in Aramco industries so now I will show you the reasons so we have prepared golden apartments supported and apartments using with various supports I am showing here only the two supports because Titanic alumina has shown the formation of the smallest nano bodies if you look at the histogram here Florida I know the particles are formed on Titan a support are varying the range from one to two languages thanks for three nanometers and then if you look at the Lumina there are two to four languages and we have also use of course when we have final images 10 20 up to 20 they are not that actual selected so if you you can also see nice mister planes but no no so if you zoom this area you can also calculate this inter layer distance of 0.23 then Karstens then 2 gold 1 1 1 plane and it is alumina is 0.14 nanometer which is [Music] so we are also trying different other cancer and supports mainly we have used two basic supports cancer magnesium to diesel supports the corner and titania and one man is will suppose this allows use different of oxygen oxygen low rates and metal fluorides but we got the best results from David so this is the actual eg this somewhat complex I'm sorry for that but this constant the first two rows the first blue one is conversional cycle exist x CH CFC cyclic site and second row green one is sell it to a very weak acid if you look at this among different supports so financial not really good performance and to prevent but still until now to our knowledge there is not even single source of publication where it gets produced in one step directly from cyclohexane we are the first to claim this one which nobility acid in one second cyclohexane the inversion celebrates you roughly 26 and 26 percent which is not really very high for commercialization but this is the first knowledge on this approach so we just keep so the possibility that it is possible the future probably might go further so after this one whatever canvas we thought okay how to improve clarity that access to be high conversion so we try to do a second metal do this and we are used similar very useful item in the same concentration like 1 weight percent each when you add silver the solidity of cyclohexanone the black well when you act allowing it because this crazy but not to the extent we want but there's some implement what we learned from the study is that the second literally component has some influence and both are behaving differently silvery blue then we are also curious to know why tio2 he's the best compared to other supports only the party signs or something else they're also responsible for this to check that we also done a very diagram here what will size versus exceed my conversion necessary 30 of ka I'll pick a Z and so you can see that smallest one the quantity rather than performance so in addition to particle size we also used XPS to estimate the surface preparation and compared between the five-on-five supports you can also see that the metal ratio that means there is a enrichment of gold on surface and then we also calculate that discussion and the active material food is not a total retailers actually their school these are also high in case of return so it is quite convincing that good correlation between marketing size gold enrichment miss person and conduct reason options hope you're convinced this and now I finish the first topic I move or the second topic that is oxidative dehydrogenation of ething to agree so to be honest ethylene is the king of all the free market is the largest among the markets so it produces about more than 140 million tons foreign so normally oil rigs are produced different commercial process stripper I think the FCC there is no parents but all this process have some is advantageous so they are idea that they need high energy in the range of seven to work for the degrees so extensive of formation that leads to a attrition and that makes the process more expensive so one good option is we can use little oxygen in the electric field and India is named this is which is a process and operates at low temperatures when it oxide low temperatures and be you have a presence of oxy so da paraffin ooh-rah alkane will be easily activated at low temperatures and pressures of oxygen will also bought coke which is device today so that it will eating enhance the lack of civility but this approach is still under elements it is not commercialized it might take ever decade or so so if you look at the again nobody man it's a play so I compared it 1995 to 2013 so we are again out to the lighting here now so in 1995 the production of a plane was 70 million metric tons which is almost down last year and then it does expect to be 7225 of lethean defense by twenty function that clearly demonstrates the importance and demand for Italy the annual growth rate was 3% now I expect to me four percent so now if we could basically condoms forecast across the globe you can see Western Europe is how much saturated bonus you noticed a stenographer you say the highest valuation expected in the reason it's a personal reason we have reached seven point six billion global population of which two point eight to be population look at China India has one point four billion and China is 1.35 billion on disclose so more of you more consumption is very clear so if you look at the contribution of a cell for some reason it and whether this one hundred forty million will go toward products so sick nearly 60 percent of is reproduced goes towards only trade so that is you can't read anything this is a high-density polyethylene low-density polyethylene Linea loaded fortunately some of 160-person followed way enough said and then you see flow rate which also has a huge markets roughly 25 million tons of network is produced every year so we have used a variant of catalyst for what is myself believe from mainly beta based catalyst micro base catalyst and also low temperature nope catalysts so these are the results so from the best case we reached roughly 30 percent of Mercy 25 percent and the selected of more than 90 percent which is good this means the even is over 30% so that person is not enough for reversal application so the processes running stem to understanding at 80% is so long way to go the next topic is benzene hydrogenation to phenom this is very challenging topic in the gas phase up to now the best yield of phenol achieved through from benzene is less than 10% so nobody could go beyond 10% days so about 10 billion tons of tons produced worldwide we use different generate supported catalyst and for the best case we reached nearly 27 percent e G which is the best result reported so far we also submitted to create landscapes last year before that stage the last one is oxidative coupling of methane with only to form it a bit in its title so one is almost enough methane is highly reactive told how do you come to them here we use within and the source of methyl group this is a part of natural gas utilization so you need to go 500 600 slightly minimum right with this and such separation this cannot survive so you have to find a catalyst which can combine these two and put in this room and deciding you know roughly 30 billion tons of release all the huge large-scale chemicals last year and it was to polystyrene rubbers residents EXO on so we are applying different ever end of catalyst and now at the model could reach 10 to 50 to 70% and the yield of ca these two is 20% there's only limited equation so I brought this this is now very hot tub it's not recommitted it does come energy so now I move to second part and I selected this toxin and when illustrated as a model reaction I will show you why we selected this the first case when I use for nanoparticles I'll show you the small nanoparticles are better the hottest is true in this case we need bigger we use the catalyst and we need bigger the particles may be a parts are more active than smaller over time I will show you little later so the first time so the background how we are motivated what are the key issues that need to be considered to develop the catalyst so what is its translation it star solution is a process of converting uncle in to influence of mystic acid and oxygen if you don't have accidently simple installation in our chemistry so we are using oxygen also there so we call is it oxidation so depending upon the reaction conditions make some cash machine you apply the oxidation of 12 it you can return it in different ways if we use strongly sensing element or it's just one one o'clock 12 in coupled another one that means the formation of fiber line if you use strong oxidizing agents production activate from a great and so on then it goes with oxygen that leads to formation of Ohio State but we want sidechain so for that so our interest lies in the third direction and to produce especially when giant estate we don't want to settle for a busy living my estate these are over stocks listed products and this is only possible in liquid phase where the calories in contact with your reactants for two over three hours ten hours so the gas phase we are giving hundred time of 1 to 1.5 seconds so the purpose will be move when they listen it so we learned our chance to wonder was second hydrogen replacement so what is it Amish process for us when you let's do it how much possibility wants multi steps you start from this is not very attractive what is that and second is that you use fluid truly chemistry is not preferred evidence sustainable quite a few so our equation is to produce with a listed in one step these particles once you have been Illustrated possible to go in the direction of the best thing would be to produce where the alcohol from pole bean which is very different not that easy as they show the commercial application but then in step is used perfumery food and care industries it's mentioning attachment when you have highly it's definitely well will be harming you under the laughing you smell adjustment so now before going to show my results it just show one slide under state-of-the-art on this particular reaction the first example is liquid phase so this is not our interest we are doing in the gas phase so here in the liquid phase under commercial and the Ilhabela system at some percent but you have 23% of method by a state which is not desert so if you look at this 10 it's very clear that that conversion of 12 in the you know when your is take it chimneys less than 20% he's not used this means therefore there is an ample scope for further developments the first point and second is that adam is widely used in every way so we have made up attempts efforts to tell canvas also is in Aladdin under composition and we're able to reach more than 90 percent conversion and what else and ever since you know real estate which regiment but we still have the equation so in subsequent efforts we by monitoring the cats compilation we were also able to prevent the deactivation successfully but we lost some activity does it matter that which is lost but this is somewhat compensated by the enhancer activity here the Sun is more than 95 percent to 80 to 85 so the catalyst professionals and I am ultimately over this is an optimized catalysts I mean showing it later while we select this composition why when it is cumbersome another catalyst I will show you it a little but the progression of the status involves two steps the first step will get antimony and a sense of hello and offer information we know that per atom particle and tellurium particle composition - a lot for this reaction we need to respond in order to have bigger particles in the beginning itself so we are even reported several treatments with cancer treatments first we can see it clearly [Music] and so I look at here when I use to well I'm here in the sense more evidence Piper spirit on titania the reaction is going in wrong direction so the violet one is the conversion of acetic acid and no one is use of carbon dioxide one is simply burning it's together we want to have been a distance but when I combine a lot of match money you can see the conversion of to person agrees to more than performances which is amazing and the eval fidelity also increased that is why it is surprisingly astonishingly de ile de su ex drastically it is from 50 percent to 5 percent this is what we want so therefore we selected further activity composition when you ask why only actually went other Tomatis medical matters I can show you so of course we can you stop this combination essential so when we change other providers and so on you can again see so that conversion is highest in case of antimony and other factors this means [Music] [Music] but it's means the vanilla studies quite stem product it is an under way any reactions [Music] and I'm gonna be something okay then there it's 20% of expenses that widget and personal action and then we changed we can tell person person and the children already and reached 8% and what is the question so we fix this and I personally I show me that pragmatic intensive in strong infants who reach for the nine questions conversion and more than eight percent whether its tapes so now I will show the change the quantity size and then if it's under performance let us start with the first one the time and some behavior of the catalyst the Kansas I expected very no initial activity really is you start with Z and then increasing continuously until 10 or 11 hours remain stable for two to three hours not much and then going down under most decoration what is the reason for this increase in conversion and what is the reason for this deactivation so the reason for it because each size you may wonder how to this I will try to convince you written and the deactivation is to cook so what we are done we have collected sample at different stages of reaction the fresh one the max night one at this stage and the man and half I to one man's might swoon the aunt anyone and reason it to one and we check the 40 cells we stop the reaction on FiOS and you make a right but can we stop the National 10 hours materialize so now you would see I request to a kind admission to watch carefully because here we are going to see three changes change in paradigm multiple cells change the conversion change in the cultivation so the first card is very small pedagogical support see and call the Oscar on tape just take a second if you go after six hours from here the conversion increased from here to 35% and the coke is also increasing and a lot of bodies begin to grow you look at the electron micrographs the Max Factor sample and in the extra water the coke is further increased from 1 point 2 to point 3 and corrosion please thanks ever since it's a person of levels the polish has to become 5200 languages even though there is 2% coke back there is still able to show the nice activity this means that two personalities before netskope it is not able to come all your private sites it gets a same tumor support but if you go further you have four or six persons hope I can get dressed so then we regenerated catalyst when you are reason a catalyst and cope is remove the partition events and all the same this means this addition as more refills on the credit market in size but can only remove the coat but we are not Rishi's you it is t1 by sunburst poke at this attempt and you are seeing here already through person focus not that intense so so the problem here is the login x3 you one has to wait never see disappointing one is not have you are not happy to wait so how are you Nick same is to reduce this inertia period from level hours to zero because other ways to reduce to the was next int nice and fast next and then improving the strong considering this is the power so this is the story about the canvas Castle 300 now let's have a look at the canvas Castle at 600 an a so if you compare the previous one the simply increased in ten hours from two hours to 10 hours some implement and then we also know in decoration and again we come to several different scenes the freshmen even after castling six nd we see we still have small bet one picks the 600 miss Carson has not made any growth the peripartum he says so but when you reach the maximum entity the catalyst grow to 30 to 50 nanometers and the quantities shapes are difference you and I will fall so we want to have it in full size but you have you my triangular spherical different shapes the muffin is not the uniform and if you look at this Dec 21 it with the particle science but also with what we accomplished sometimes and when they enriched quantities sometimes I have these qualities this is not homogeneous this situation this is outside of the reason why six and his condition has not brought lecture we want there is some improvements now this also from us to improve the growth of end point is the max max is my not not the maximum 30 to 50 nanometers so let's compare with helium so when you can say new helium the mothership it is much more improved the induction period remains same like a 1 it's 600 but somewhat better than the first one so on the whole he live is the best again will be the particle size when we can send the cactus will be medium at 6 and ascended we are seen the formation of the biggest qualities to much use wipes up anything is that this bigger particles undergo kind of reconstruction or tuning himself do another influence of reaction conditions and the reaction for admission and it forms again the particles of critical size 32 15 are witches which is really surprising and if you look at the spent ones yellow spider sense of that you still have bigger particles and with the composition of a land grant money 5 so greatest spell ultimately come this which in the process of the actions in the course of reaction certain amount of smaller conserve and Mooney cooperated it will highlight a lattice which is restriction so come Paragon this three helium is the best one for I've shown you auntie Pat yellows what happens if you go beyond Pat Phillips 50 or 40 hours so you can see we have any activation so also the healing sn1 undergoes a person what is it for the attrition so okay so this this dutiful polished glass with the coke as a function of time the coat is increasing degree the reaction time and then when the actress is innovator one so you can't avoid it you look for the regeneration person so based on this understand something maybe of coal but easy traffic analysis where you can see that coke please remove the temperature if it weren't for degree centigrade so and the book is going to steps so that means this QC hints that you have two types of carbon species one is our parson who one is on the Sun fence and other companies incorporated where our lives anyway so we have to select the bridge for generations between 1250 to 400 so we try to be hundred sample 250 will have to regenerate but the related cars are way faster decoration this progress to go little higher to 300 is somewhat better and then we thought we can make that if you go to 350 for surprisingly we are not able to regenerate they under 300 he can regenerate for 350 points so something different chemistry going on then we also want beyond the safety we have two three four hundred sensitization while we are able to regenerate the catalyst set to 50 at the end it why you're not able to see 400 so what kind of chemistry going on so this diamond make person one so we want to explode why we are not going to rehab it what is happening it kind of sucks so for that to be estimated first completion is that six hours in is 91 we have like a species metallic palladium in offices but again they are existing roughly one to one and the spend cash where is deactivated his fellow oxide is completed is 210 i dimension so we need both an oxidant parameter so otherwise that oxide is not give back to these rust is the one he used when you castle the ante we're able to restore that oxide the blue one but you are not every stone and iron oxide 350 case so we run this region etiquette second time say the relation we still able to be only 300 but not agree with G and then we estimated the actual concentration of around my office on the surface you look at this diagram so the nice one campus you have roughly one to one with peroxide and spend time only Palladio and the video rated 300 you have these are your parameters what is the tank movie Oz - so what is happening with this fresh you have much money I am a nice night one some of that one is pushed to the migrate to the surface and spent vast you haven't money but when you regenerate the entity bring back these analytics so this mystery of sporadic mystery of antimony you are in story of poor you look at the code on the surface we are back the experience so you have to pay support I divided and if our parsley from esta casa so this is I can be accurately one and then we'll be generate because we know this you cancel extant but I regenerated 350 so if the Pope is increasing decreasing this means but other species have migrated from one to the surface on the whole you can conclude that there is a loss of peroxide lots of knives money and the migration of carbon species collective response for them but if you're not a believer great so now I just have the three sides every possible I think it was like so we just showed that an a notice and retire but not only the amount of coke requires the first the nature of our madness in lock there is a huge difference minutes of coke well this is deputy catalyst preparing supported can is not yet written in this case and is there is the current equation directly of the parent of point if you estimate the calculate thickness equals to one point six centimeters and if you see not the equity catalyst the carbon equation is professionally going to the terraces on the sulfur on the support not block and parasites this is one reason why red is better than enemies and also if you look at the not only a thickness 1.3 nanometers I guess 1.69 is of this so this also matters so some isotope big expense but I am skip this so now I assume the possibility of forming a big acid in one stuff in cycles in using nanoparticles and oxidant dear nation retain more light we compete with stream trackers the near future and parallel size and its composition as shown remarkable if it's an activity uncertainty the equation of this catalyst will be beautiful and many are not I skip disparate elements commercial business and commercial and dissipation of different surface lacks oxygen takes part in the formation of water and Vista gas is the main French source of hope and also I would like to thank you and attention now I'll give you further to your questions or comments thank you any better question [Music] [Music] [Music] balance [Music] [Music] okay thank you very much [Music]