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but evidence distinguished guest speakers panelist my colleagues our students and the opponent University family as the chair of the criminal justice department is a very great pleasure for me to welcome you all at about a university for our panel discussion on not in our city human trafficking our panel is organized by the Albany State University criminal justice department in collaboration with the Georgia Association of black women attorneys and lilypad sexual assault center and most important is that this is the week when the world is about to commemorate the International Women's Day which is on March 8th when we talk about human trafficking we see a doctor when we look at it sometimes we call it a modern form of slavery and today we are very fortunate not only to have one of the world leading experts on human trafficking as our guest speaker but also a group of panelists who have extensive experience dealing with issues of human trafficking and sexual abuse there are several millions of people who are victims of human trafficking and the United States the state of Georgia and the city of Albany are not immune from this scourge of modern slavery the goal of our panel is to improve our understanding of the complexities of addressing human trafficking and the great that of data at the city of Oberlin such as we have to understand the societal risk factors that create the context in which human trafficking happens in the state of Georgia and the city of Albany in particular we also have to discuss the existing services for victims and survivors of human trafficking in Georgia and the city of Albany exploring solutions our actions to increase the prevention protection and prosecution of acts of human trafficking in our city we will like to extend our gratitude to all that have made this event possible particularly we'll have to thank our Provost dr. Angela Peters who initiated this event and dr. Lewontin who assemble the panelists we hope after this to establish a center for child protection and human rights are the department of criminal justice to address that abuse issues including child trafficking we have capable professors to do that and we have capable students to do that most of them are here and I'm very proud of you all I hope you all will enjoy the presentation and debate thank you and they have a present even an hour now : dr. Wong go to introduce the keynote speaker [Applause] ladies and gentlemen good evening it is a great privilege for me to introduce our guest speaker professor Sadat Cara who's also a colleague and a friend Prosoft Cara is a globally recognized as one of the leading experts on the issue of human trafficking across 20 years of research he has a travel to more than 50 countries to document cases of several thousand all for all kinds of slavery is booked sex trafficking inside the business of modern slavery was named as a winner of the prestigious Frederick Douglass award at Yale University in 2010 that book was also adapted on also only hood film that film was titled traffic professor Cara also published two more books including a bandit labor attacking the system of slavery slavery in South Asia and the modern slavery a global perspective currently professor character she's a human trafficking cost to Harvard Kennedy School is also advising the United Nation the United States government and other government of foreign countries on issue of human trafficking specifically policy and load is a regular contributor at the CNN freedom project presently is devoting his research effort or no the issue of child labor and force level in the cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo in that context professor Cara is also part of a initiative that also recently filed a lawsuit against Oh some of the giant cake such as Apple Google Tesla Microsoft for benefiting from child labor specifically in the mining industry in the democracy fabric of calm so without further ado please so let us give a bigger run of applause to Professor sadaqa good evening I want to thank first dr. Peters and dr. the Wonga for inviting me to speak to you this evening and I certainly want to thank all of you for braving the dark and gloomy weather to come out and participate in this evening doctor lawanda is a colleague and friend as he mentioned he's asked me to perform a small miracle tonight which is to give you my knowledge on modern slavery in 20 minutes so I'm going to speak as briskly but clearly as I can to give you sort of an overview on modern slavery and then I'll very much look forward to our discussion now to talk about modern slavery the first thing that I say to people is we can't lose sight of the past and we need to put the contemporary manifestation of slavery in some historical context in order to understand how it functions and works today so I'm going to take you all in a short journey just to remind everyone of the the general functioning of old world slavery and then start to draw some contrast to give you a sense of how it continues to persist in the modern age now this this building looks relatively new it's got this rusted roof here and some shutters and all but it's a it's a structure that's refurbished in a museum as a museum that sits on the site of one of the first slave trading outpost that was built on the West African coast this isn't a town called BA degree in Nigeria a couple of hours west of Lagos I visited this spot about ten years ago during the course of doing research on human trafficking in Nigeria and at that point I was about halfway through what's now a two two decade journey of researching slavery and child labor around the world and it was it was in this moment only after ten years that I felt I finally understood what slavery really means what I mean what it meant in the past and what it means today and so I started I'm gonna take you on this journey I started here at this museum this slave trading outpost that and of course the Europeans were fine record takers and so we know that they're around five hundred and fifty thousand Africans passed through this building as they were sold off into into into slavery but after they were sold and bartered for things like brass rods and gunpowder and rum they were brought to these holding cells called barrack UNS and this one was the biggest one it was actually built in 1840 that slave trading outpost was built in 1510 believe it or not this is a slave holding pens very cramped quarters where after they were purchased the slaves were held in these pens and they were branded with the initials of their of the per hour owner because they were all crammed in the same cell and had to be disaggregated at some later point when they were gonna be loaded onto ships but that didn't happen immediately they may spend weeks and months crammed atop each other before they were finally loaded onto ships which were just off the coast so finally when they were taken from these barons they had to take a walk over to where the ship was and there's a little sign that says this is the route the journey that the slaves would take to this unknown destination and so they would walk from the bare Coons they were shackled taken over to the beach and of course they had no clue no sense or no idea of where they were going and what was in store for them some had just been rudely snatched away from their home villages which could have been one or two or three hundred miles from the coast many had never even seen the ocean before so they were taken on this walk and I walked on this walk it's about a kilometer or so in distance across the grass and the sand and then they were brought to a well and this is where I finally understood what slavery really meant and means today each one of them when they came to this well was told they have to drink from the well and then recite a pledge and oath and the contents about oath were basically that they agree to not revolt they agree to be a slave they understand that they will never return and they pledge or agree to leave their soul behind and they had to take the drink this water and recite this oath and now put your mind and in in that person for just a moment and and and understand the gravity and the intensity of what was happening at that point where you have to basically leave your soul behind leave your home behind leave your family behind and agree that you'd be a slave without really even necessarily understanding what that meant and where you were even going after this point they were of course loaded onto ships taken across the Atlantic it usually took around six seven weeks to get across and then there was a seasoning period of around a year before the slaves were really given hard labor they were given about a year or so to make sure they survived around fifty percent of the people from the point they were taken to the point that they may survive the seasoning period as it was called around fifty percent died so if there were three or four or five million slaves who survived the the Atlantic crossing and entered into slavery just in in North America not even across all of the Americas that meant double that number were originally taken a mass mass carnage of human life so this is the moment where I understood what slavery really meant the moment when they had to take this oath it's an institution that systematically destroys everything that makes us human in order to create a compliant and servile laborer it's essentially erasing our humanity and it functions the same way today as it did throughout history but there are some very important differences about slavery today versus the old world slavery that we tend to be more familiar with and that's what I want to focus on now now that we've sort of walked on that journey that horrific soul-destroying journey of the old world slave to understand how does it work today how can how can it even conceivably manifest and function in some similar fashion in the modern world this is a table I've just taken I've taken from my third book where I've gotten a lot of data across the years and tried to draw a comparison of this old world slavery journey that I took you on just now and how it works today and I think if you remember nothing else that I say this evening try to remember this table because I think it will give you an immediate insight into what modern slavery is versus old-world slavery so obviously in the old world the journey of acquiring and moving and exploiting a person was long and expensive and today it's relatively short or inexpensive you can take someone from one side of the planet to another in a day or two if you really put your mind to it in the old world there was only a few sectors of exploitation primarily agriculture of course domestic work instructions the slaves had trades like blacksmith and so forth but today there are dozens of sectors in which individuals are exploited in slave-like conditions manufacturing agriculture of course but commercial sex and many others the cost of a slave is where things get quite interesting because this speaks to the economic transition of old to new world slavery so in the old world a couple of centuries if you sampled data all around the world roughly the average cost of a slave in today's dollars would be around five thousand dollars that price has dropped 90% in two centuries a big part of that is the speed of transportation correspondingly the return on investment for the person who bought an exported slave has has skyrocketed in the old world it may have been 15 or 20 percent return on investment per year now it's three four five hundred percent per year and in several commercial sex sectors that can exceed a thousand percent per year so the economics are where slavery has radically transformed from old world to new world it's quicker easier and cheaper to get a slave and you can generate much more money per slave than you could in the past more quickly this of course meant that in the old world you would typically exploit a slave for the duration of their lifetime and then their children and so forth whereas now it could be a few months it could be a few years or even less in some sense human life has become a little bit more disposable as you acquire exploit and jettison the slave and then find a new one now the last one is the interesting point which is for most of human history you could legally own another person like property that's what being a slave men chattel slave property now you can't do that anymore that's what the whole wave of slave slavery abolition beginning in the late 1700s and into the 1800s and 1865 in this country and on that's what that accomplished you can't legally own anyone but then what are we talking about modern slavery and human trafficking if you can't actually own and exploit a slave so already we've talked about several terms and they're just from the academic standpoint want to get clear on them because I'll then answer this question of well what do you mean by modern slavery if you can't really own people anymore there are these term slavery forced labor human trafficking they tend to be a little confusing and sometimes interchangeable and that has been an issue and trying to address contemporary forms of slavery slavery to give you the first international definition was set down in an 19:26 League of Nations slavery convention it basically means treating someone like property exerting power over them as if you own them you can do what you want to them and that's been the definition of slavery throughout history modern slavery is then what you can't own people anymore you can't exert power over a person whom you officially own so what does it mean well in essence it's come to mean treating someone as if you own them you may not have a piece of paper that says you own them but they are of some condition by virtue of poverty gender or ethnic identity virtually powerless and so you can exert and control them as if their property and in a way that's how slavery has evolved and continued to persist well just because you wrote on a piece of paper I can't own someone like property it doesn't mean I can't stop treating them that way and that's what modern slavery or modern-day slavery has come to me but then there's this other term people threw into the mix force labor some people said no look slavery is slavery we know what it is it's what happened in Badawi it's what happened to those millions of people and all the blood that was shed all the lives that were lost all the exploitation took place that's a specific historical thing and that term should really only apply to that phenomenon so let's have another term and that's called forced labor so just four years after slavery was first defined in international law this International Labor Organization definition of forced labor was set down and it essentially means coercing labor for from a person that's not offering it voluntarily well what do these terms mean as you probably study here in your criminal justice program definitions of of crimes can use a lot of words but they don't always necessarily tell you what those words mean and then people have to sit and think well what do these words mean and we have to use a law suit to test a potential definition and create a definition so it centers largely around a person not voluntarily doing work and being coerced to do work and given some examples of how we identify those conditions and and then may determine that this is a case of forced labor and then finally this other term that we've been talking about today human trafficking seven decades later in the year 2000 in another UN Convention this this term this concept of human trafficking was set down an international law and I haven't put the definition here because it's like a paragraph long and it's it's it's tedious to read but in essence it has three elements that you recruit harbour or obtain someone through force fraud or coercion for the purpose of exploiting them in slave-like conditions debt bondage sexual slavery involuntary servitude etc so as you can see now there's already a lot of overlap and potential confusion between these three terms and that's something that we tussle and wrestle with in the field of human trafficking and modern slavery because depending on what term you use how do you identify someone and certainly how do you prosecute a case by relying on a certain definition and if there's confusion between them and even competition between them that can create efforts okay a complication in our efforts what's the scale of all of this that we're talking about estimates range of 30 to 40 million people as slaves in the world today generating profits that exceed 150 billion dollars and there's a huge variance by type of slavery in the profits generated an agricultural slave in South Asia may generate a few hundred dollars in profits per year for their exploited exploiter but a sex trafficking victim somewhere in the West in the UK or France or us could generate a hundred and fifty thousand dollars or more in profit per person per year so you can quickly see how the numbers get to these staggering economic benefits associated with excavating someone like their a slave I want to give you a few examples now that's a lot of words and deaf missions but what does it really look like what are some of the manifestations of slavery this is an example of child sex trafficking this is a massage parlor in Thailand a very common phenomenon and many tourists go to Thailand in search of one thing and one thing only the bottom level it'll look pretty normal there are some adult females here waiting to see if you'd like a foot massage and so forth and then there's the owner of the place the proprietor over at this door back there and when I came in as a single male tourist the offer immediately was well come up here let me show you what else we have and she took me up there down a hall opened a door and there were about a dozen ten eleven twelve year old girls and they were told to take off their robes and I would pick one for five dollars for an hour five dollars that's how cheap a child can be and needless to say it was a painful moment of which I've had many in my research I couldn't even begin to talk or bargain with her or try to speak and understand the economics of what she was doing or where were these people from I just had to walk out and leave and as I was walking out this is this is when I got this shot she said okay okay she'd do four one two because I wasn't making a transaction with her so two for one two for one and then I said no I'm not going to do that but I'm going to take this picture and memorialize this moment and talk about it with people around the world so they understand and those young girls were from a minority hilltribe they're often not registered at Birth they're invisible they're poor and they're sent here and many Western men do purchase them for five dollars for the hour a little bit more on children children are often sent into force begging you may travel around the world see poor children forced to beg to make money and oftentimes it's not for them or their families it's for some human trafficking ring that has abducted these children and taken them and put them on the street to force and force them to beg now these are this was in Tirana the capital of Albania across the street from the US Embassy in Albania these children are Roma for those of you who are not familiar they are an outcast group of poor nomads sometimes their derogatorily called gypsies but they come from the Middle East and South Asia and they've migrated to Europe centuries ago and they live on the fringes of cities as sort of in these poor enclaves as nomads and they're seen as filthy subhuman people they're darker skinned than the average white skinned European in these cities so these children are easy pickings for human trafficking rings that just pick them up and put them on the street and to help them generate more money they'll often injure the child so the child line down was actually unconscious that they had cut his forehead it was bleeding and that means that the u.s. embassy personnel and there's all these embassies around there which is why they placed the children there may throw a few coins out of pity or mercy all of which is going to go to the human trafficking ring so very little cost to them to grab these sort of nomadic disenfranchised poor kids throw them on the street cut them and so forth and let the money start to accumulate this is me with an NGO colleague and two South Asians these are Bangladeshi men and we're in Singapore they had been recruited with the promise of a high wage construction job in Singapore earning money that they wouldn't earn in ten years and all their paperwork is arranged in exchange for an upfront debt we'll get you there we'll get you the job we'll give you the paperwork and all the permits but you owe us about ten thousand dollars and you have to work it off once you get there so what what do you think happens to these people they're given the job they work far in excess of that upfront debt they told oh now there's the fee of where you live and then your food and there's this new health check and all this and before they know it these debts have become something so that they will never repay them there worked to the bone for one two three four years ultimately paid next to nothing and then just sent on their way and these these two gentlemen had found their way to an NGO that was trying to help them but it's a it's a common ruse used in the construction sector and the domestic work workers sector in many countries to get cheap - free labour much of the East Asia and certainly the Middle East is being built on the backs of duped trafficked poor South Asians and East Asians these two boys are in a tea plantation in Bengal this is actually an original plantation built by the British when they had South Asia as a colony some of the same equipment is still in there a hundred and sixty plus years later and what's remarkable about this image these individuals belong to an outcast darker-skinned group of people who trace their ancestry back to the original time when the British trafficked all these poor peasants into their tea plantations this tea plantation exports to the west if you drink tea you will be drinking this tea often there worked around the clock they grabbed about an hour of sleep on top of tea leaves now and again every few days and this is why tea can be so cheap they are the 5th and 6th generation descendants of slaves still working in slave like conditions because of their caste identity and the fact that no one really cares about them so these legacies of exploitation persists on and on and on and in the modern context get exported right to our tea cups and I'll come back to that in just a moment because modern slavery in being so profitable has become a big global business here's another big global slavery business seafood I've spent quite a bit of time in Thailand of course you saw the sex trafficking image first well many men and boys are trafficked from surrounding regions into Thailand into the seafood sector Thailand has the second largest seafood sector in the world and they are large the largest shrimp exporting country anyone ever been to an all-you-can-eat shrimp buffet for $10 that's why it's $10 because those men are put on the ships they spend one or two years at sea and then many of them are just shot and thrown overboard and that's how shrimp has become so cheap and other seafood as well has become so cheap the u.s. is the largest importer of Thai shrimp so I've documented and I write about this these men who are again given these job opportunities there's these upfront debts you're gonna see this repeat it again and again in the modern slavery world and they have all these promises they go out on these ships and I've told you what often happens to them those that survive and come back some of whom I interviewed then work on the docks they probably suffered an injury or something so they can't go out to ship anymore out to sea anymore but this has led to a catastrophic exploitation of poor men from Burma Cambodia Lao all surrounding Thailand and we feed that with our desire for cheap stuff whether it's tea clothes or seafood and then closer to home agriculture slaves were originally brought to this country for agriculture and it might shock surprise and and enrage you to know that there are still slaves in the American agricultural system this is a shot I took in the Central Valley of California where I documented hundreds and hundreds of individuals in slave light conditions some of them were brought on guess worker visas and then documents are confiscated and they're kept on with the threat of deportation the promise of some future wage upfront debts again used to recruit them and then many of them are irregular migrants they make their way across they're looking for an opportunity and that irregular migration status is then used as a threat well I'll take you to the police if you don't like what's happening here and you can imagine the kinds of conditions this is a boy he's got pesticides all over him he's going to be sick this is a young his older sister same thing they're trying to protect themselves you can see that but they're breathing in harsh pesticides all day they're worked to the bone they're paid very little and it's because we need cheap stuff I'm not ascribing the blame to us but we all want cheaper things and companies know that and they know there's one segment in the slave in their model which I'm gonna come to that they can press down and that's labor costs so they look for cheap poor vulnerable labor including in the American agriculture system so that's the business that's the business of modern slavery how do we understand the business through supply and demand I'm gonna do this very quickly because I know I've probably already gone over my time but what's what are the forces that feed the supply of potential slaves it's poverty I think that's obvious right now it's economic disenfranchisement social instability corruption lawlessness all these things and particular bias against certain ethnic communities and female gender that make people vulnerable poor dispossessed disenfranchised and more susceptible to being recruited or just outright exploited the demand side is what's different this comes back to that table I showed you old world versus new world there is always in the slave business chain today the exploiters demand for more profit and our demand for cheaper stuff what does that mean throughout history for almost every business labor is the highest cost component as a result producers have tried to find ways of minimizing labor costs and of course slavery is the extreme let's just about eliminate labor costs when you reduce labor cost the cost of your business are substantially to substantially reduce which allows you to do two things number one you can lower the cost of what you're selling to become more price competitive and that of course then drives consumer demand and that element is the main difference between old and new world slavery the globalization of competition because now companies don't just compete with the company next door to them but with all over the world which is why they're sourcing out looking for cheap labor markets underlit under regulated labor markets suppressed labor so that they can cut costs and then boost their shareholder value and profits and then also be competitive in selling us cheaper stuff and that vicious cycle keeps repeating itself and the those suffering the the the worst of it are the poor oppressed exploited individuals in slave-like conditions so that means slavery is of all from the old world to the new world as a way in which the unscrupulous producer will try to advance profits and maximize price competitors by looking for that cheap expendable disposable human being that they can exploit like a slave Jennison and then go find the next one for cheap that gives us a central thesis on modern slavery I gave you that definition of slavery as property in my experience modern slavery constitutes a violent and coercive transformation of the suffering of a global subclass of humanity into the delightful things we consume every day the cup of tea the shirt the chocolate bar the food and so forth which brings me to the last slide which is the subject of my work in collaboration with my colleague dr. Lu anga and I'll just leave you with this image and a brief explanation of what it is and then I think we'll have a hope and energetic conversation I took this picture a couple of years ago and the Democratic Republic of the Congo I'm sure dr. lawanda has talked to you all about what's happening in the southeastern corner of that country these children you see there's they're clearly children here and these young men are digging for cobalt cobalt containing stones called heterogeneous 70% almost 70% of the world's supply of cobalt is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo about a third of that by my estimation is coming from sources like this children and poor peasants and every single smartphone tablet laptop and electric vehicle on the planet recharges only with cobalt in the battery so that means those children that poverty that's suffering that toxicity and that misery is what we use to check social media check email send messages and if we're lucky drive around town and the companies that are selling us these gadgets for obscene amounts of money are making profits hand over fist and sharing next to nothing with these people because they're perceived as disposable impoverished poor expendable and no one's gonna stand up and fight for them well little did they know that dr. Liu anga and I were going to do just that with some of our colleagues and some of our friends on the ground primarily his colleagues that he's introduced me to and that's our current effort the last thing I'll say is cobalt is toxic and you don't see any masks or gloves or of any kind so these people are being poisoned to death every day it gets out into the earth in the water so even if you're not even in cobalt mining if you live in this part of the country you're being poisoned every day by our gadgets our gadgetry are shiny flashy devices and the deeper the the boys and Mandy dig tunnels to get deeper deposits there are more pure cobalt deposits deeper down they can take eighty or ninety feet deep I think there are thousands upon thousands of tunnels in this part of the Congo and I'm willing to wager anyone that at least one collapses per week and when they do they bury alive everyone inside boys and young men 30 40 50 60 when dr. lawanda and i were last in the Congo just back in September we were near an area called Lake mallow and a tunnel had collapsed some hours before we were there the previous night and when we went to the site we learned that there were 63 boys and men down in all 63 had been buried no not one of them survived so that's the human cost of our daily lives and that's the human cost at the other end of companies like Apple Google Microsoft that are worth trillions of dollars collectively and these people eke out this poisoned horrific existence on maybe a dollar or two of income per day and that for me is the clearest manifestation of what modern slavery has come to be so thank you I'm Angela Peters provost and vice president for academic affairs here at Alton they say that I'd like to introduce you to the panel and then each one of the panelists will give you a brief introductions about various areas in which they are involved honorable Gregory Edwards is the district attorney district attorney for the Daugherty judicial circuit and he is also an alum of Albany State he will talk to you about the prosecution aspect of human trafficking and then we have miss Mary Martinez and she is the executive director of the lilypad sane Center she's a graduate of Georgia Southwestern State University and she will talk to us about protection and services that are available for victims and you've heard our speaker and then we have dr. Roger Claude lawanda and he is an assistant professor of criminal justice here at Albany State and he is the person who actually coordinated this event thank you sir he and his criminal justice colleagues were here thank you and he will talk to us about the awareness of human trafficking here in college honorable good evening everyone and what I wanted to add to this discussion is of course my role in terms of prosecutor what we are looking at here in Georgia and perhaps in all being is the notion that the primary exploitation of humans has been with six and so child sexual exploitation is what I have been focusing on in my prosecutions into the investigations that have occurred here in this area and unfortunately Georgia because of the International Airport in all in Atlanta is one of the one of the hubs of this nation of Florence this type of activity and so there's kind of a trickle-down effect progress the state Albany has its issues because again we're sort of a hub for this geographic area we don't have a lot of agriculture in Dougherty County per se but some of the big room communities of counties are heavily engaged agriculture and so we have a lot of migrant workers that come through this area we have a lot of migrant workers that are housed in this area so there may be the potential that has been described in the presentation of this type of exploitation but fundamentally when we're talking about child exploitation what we're looking at is a child where forsee food drugs money or shelter in exchange the sex and this is the issue that is most you know critical to what's going on in this area and Georgia has enacted a lot of legislation that will help us with prosecuting these cases given the stronger penalties for prosecuting pimps the persons that exploit our children one of the things that is critical to all of this is that my belief about the criminal justice system is as three prongs prevention intervention and restoration restoration is what happens after a person is convicted of a crime prevention or intervention is where we deal with the offenders but it's prevention which is most critical to this situation we need to stop the supply of victims that are being exploited and used in various ways so there's a lot to that and what I have always stressed is getting out the information that is needed to help prevent young young people male and female from becoming victims becoming exploited in child sexual exploitation seems there's a lot I think what I can best do is answer questions as they as y'all helpers as you present them and so I've got some be very Martina Sahlen's from her Lily had if you're not familiar with who we are what we do we are your local rape crisis and Children's Advocacy Center what we do at lily pad is whether it is an adult or child male/female you can come into our doors 24 hours a day seven days a week we offer forensic medical examinations and forensic interviews as well as Court Appointed Special Advocates for children and foster care what we are trying to do to combat human trafficking is a educate our multidisciplinary team members our law enforcement our DFACS workers our therapists our school employees on how to recognize when someone is a victim because they don't always self-identify and also be the most credible sane Center where we are able to collect forensic evidence that our prosecution needs one of the most important things we're doing right now is in every Judicial Circuit a sexual assault response team is required participation is required by law enforcement just returnees office there's a mental health component there is a sexual assault nurse examiner component it's everyone that works these cases it gives them the opportunity just stamp each and every case to find out what is the best way to help this victim and to also aid in prosecution and what Dougherty County is doing sorry about what Doherty at County is doing on the forefront is we're developing a human bikini task force to better combat this problem here locally so I do think that we're on the forefront of doing this and I'm grateful for that one thing that was not mentioned that I think is important to mention is when you come in contact with someone that may be a trafficking victim is to remember what it's called Stockholm Syndrome a lot of victims again don't self-identify they don't understand that they are a victim they may love their trafficker their trafficker provides them with their basic needs it's no different than the general public being confused about well why does this 5 year old still love or care about their mom or their dad when they're reading them that's not a comment that's normal the provided food clothing shelter they're provided and afforded their basic needs and so are trafficking victims it is not easy to say well you know what I'm just gonna leave tonight because I mean abuse when the punishment is you're eating severely you're raped again your kneecaps are broken you're told you're worthless you know it's you could be killed if you leave it's detrimental and so I did want to mention that because I think that's one of those biggest misconceptions that we don't always understand or it's hard for us to understand is that Stockholm Syndrome but again you're a dirty county we are combining this head-on and I think that we have taken the necessary steps to identify victims and to then be able to prosecute them those cases appropriately to share this podium with diesel experiences of violence to discuss the issue of volumetric people how people's most of the police because of almost all aspects of human trafficking I've been focusing my presentation on artistic to photo in question one of Alabama State University students on the issue of many college professors and students give a very positive as well as some friends absolutely asking me the same question is this teaching of an effective value issue of course I wasn't right oh my gosh because of some cases of human trafficking [Music] [Music] our student business management information of students receive images of humanity some of the question that students were asked to be spawned including a knowledge of human trafficking all that question the 90% of the participants reported that they were generally away oh and another person who's constantly with knowledge of different forms of human trafficking City percent also students who participated reporting that their knowledge of the different of eternity delicious present way and seven and four percent were not knowledgeable when asked about the knowledge concerning I mean the possibility friends between sex trafficking and human trafficking 56 percent reported 22 percent were considered and 12% were a political [Music] question was also the middle of the student of or 76 percent of the participants reported a way of humans of sexuality because a friend or a family member whose mentality forty percent and four person true of discussion to trust oh goodness questions ask away commodity sold in the United States such as clothes food of electronic devices were produced by vehicles level trafficking approach specifically the parentage of the supply chain and city presence of persistent or reported and ran away 22% away and self-sowing XTC percent wavered a way of that issue in conclusion we can say that numerous student other health limited familiarity before the issue of parenting and most of them did have a way of that issue to socially and this panel assessment of student awareness is also able to advocate University faculty and leadership to be informing us to develop some international problem on human trafficking in our diversity of course we cannot fight the product of human trafficking our community what we gratefully info it is important to [Music] determine some educational program and more importantly politics and data in other classes once if you will scale of the problem of human trafficking our community because we take at least a billion from it is important for scholar or some research project in order to understand what will be a scope of human trafficking community okay thank you [Applause] so when you see who your favorite instructor is all right I want to thank the panelists at this time we are going to open it up for questions from the audience we have students in the audience we have guests from the community we have faculty staff we would like to open it up for questions at this time students I'm sure you have lots of questions I just want to know what every one of them to stop sure well the immediate answer to your question is that dr. lawanda and I have initiated a lawsuit against major tech companies in order to hold them accountable for the harm injury suffering and death of the poor people women men and children of the Congo minding that COBOL so that's the immediate answer to your question of what we're going to do about it more broadly what does what what are we doing about human trafficking the whole perpetrators accountable well I mean everyone on this panel is doing something I'm sure honorable Edwards can talk about what he's doing to prosecute trafficking offenders to hold them accountable to create sort of a deterrent regime of justice to dissuade other traffickers from committing that offense and you know miss Martinez the work they do with empowering and protecting survivors is crucial in efforts to address human trafficking because mr. Edwards won't have a witness if miss Martinez isn't first protecting and empowering them and caring for them so all of these pieces work together to not just prevent the offense but then to create a system within society whereby survivors have a place to go can be protected be empowered as well as their family members who may face threats and then the the justice system which will hopefully find a way of working with Miss Martinez's survivors to bring a claim on their behalf from the state against the trafficker and hold them accountable in in US in a serious and hopefully very punitive way but I would then turn to you to talk more about what's being done here to hold people accountable well I'll just go ahead and supplement your response to this extent again there are efforts in the state of Georgia in particular like I said to make punishment of offenders who are involved particularly with child sex trafficking held accountable additional punishments enhanced punishment we have statutes that expanded my authority to bring cases different charges that would have otherwise been available to now available but again it is a whole system working together the toast sex trafficking issue is as you can see very broad and international so we have to coordinate all of the efforts of the local authorities federal authorities and international authorities to prosecute and brief persons to justice who have been involved with these these issues so it is a big big issue we have to look at new means by which people are being exploited we now have the communications and exploitation of the Internet to bring people together that are you know trying to exploit others so it is a very comprehensive effort that is being made by all of the effort all of the persons that are involved with addressing this issue but it does start fundamentally with individuals like yourselves helping to recognize and report these issues primarily we're talking about in all just we're talking about people your age generally we're talking people in undergraduate studies your age group it is likely that somebody that you might have known back home it's probably going to be put into that that rocks and helping to recognize and reporting and supporting those persons is one of the things that education of you all is what can best help predict certainly some of the things that are going on here in the United States and again the coordinated effort to deal with issues that are international so it's very broad question but the bottom line is that we are working but I think that we can make the best progress in helping our nation our community is making you are aware what to look for and in action that's that's probably a very that's another session which we are not constrained by time to get you that kind of information but you know that's what we want to think I think that's one of the best ways for us to help work on this issue so just answer that um one of the things also that we're doing in our community is not only are all of those medical needs taking care of when we receive victims that have been trafficked there's no cost every forensic examination initially is free any post examination is free if someone ends up meaning something such as therapy or extensive medical treatment or anything of like that then we can help them when victim compensation - so that financial burden is not a burden for the victim and also just to piggyback off of what you just said about reporting that's the biggest thing when you're young and you're maybe questioning if you have a support system at home or not and maybe you are in the wrong place at the wrong time or with people that you shouldn't have been around none of those things matter none of your past sexual history matters I don't care if you were standing there naked and you had drank a bottle of vodka that does not mean anyone has the right stretch variety none of those things matter there are a there is something called a victim's Bill of Rights you cannot be asked to take a lie-detector test you can your past sexual history cannot be brought up those are all things that our agency helps victims with and to understand when it comes to reporting trust and believe I understand that reporting is extremely hard to do especially in situations like that where someone may you know have been branded someone has been trafficked it's not prostitution you are a victim of trafficking and recently a mill was just passed where those charges can actually be expunged as well so most importantly to take home if you see something say something and if you know someone is a victim please send them to us we will be glad to happy will we be more than happy to help them report if our district attorney doesn't know about it he can't prosecute it and main thing is recognizing exploitation and how tactics are used by individuals and he would be you know the thing to do and educate yourself so that you can help fight the problem we really it's really the grassroots effort to combat sexual trafficking human trafficking because again we need to know we need the witnesses that will bring the information forward to its name most children are being exploited into many pieces because the democracy particles from actually the original will be natural resource equally over to Colton gold and so and so most children are being expressive but in cocoa brotherly process which is available - TLC children also express it in efficient energy if you go to County while children are being explicitly to cocoa industry that is a sum of common one is processed wonderful the biggest producer of coal and some of some of the chocolate that were easier than ever made before coming from good work and children [Music] expression of unity original issue of both so that is a human trafficker taking evidence of the fifty poverty so too is a provision of the authority we have to fight for a result he teach the publication of the complaint of bluesmartie to try to some extent to reduce poverty in the final product of Adam also to greet school for children in other project because in some pockets [Music] [Music] in Australia so this ability to point out how we asked rumors are pearl probably driving a lot of these issues you know we like our shrimp we like our tea we like our cell phones and we are driving these issues by you know wanting into things that are presented with these technologies and with these conference so it will be somewhat of a an issue for each each of us morally I think to think about these things as you consider you know a consumer usage of things that are causing the exploitation of people and so that's a that's a moral issue which larger than you know we can really get into with everything that is involved with this situation but certainly that's one thing that you as individuals have to think about as a driver of these issues my name is Gregory L Drive circus and Chief of Police here on the State University Bob Peters thank you for your vibration all the panelists thank you for the education you're giving us this is a part of how we help the problem you being here so I appreciate you as I served in law enforcement we're met with challenges of getting reports for specifically sex trafficking and sexual assault I would like to have this to give us a pros and cons on more granular level that relates to the students regarding the sex trafficking and I want to frame that question by saying that the report that we give is very important as as some of the powers so that initial report is very important and can someone explain a critical is to get the right report to a responsible person like a police department or an agency so that it can be investigated properly versus sitting in social media books and I'm going to give it a talent not to cause any reaction but to get down to wherever they may have caught some focus about this very recently the white van so if we could get kind of praying over there to try to explain how we're in critical it changed the circumstances for the law enforcement officers who how can they gonna follow that up before it even gets to this level and how it may interfere with what we can't do if you could expand on that well I picked my best shot and one of the things that again is important is that if you see someone that appears to be involved in being victimized one of the things that can happen is that support system support systems such as support systems that Miss Martinez has available be one of the first things that can be implemented and getting that victim to a place where they are comfortable with providing information again as noted victims become rely upon their pimps for support for guidance and they become totally loyal to them and it's very difficult to get them they've already been given free pre-prepped responses to law enforcement about what they should say when they're asked questions about their relationships with persons they have already been programmed that it's continually programmed into them respond to contact by law impossible but it is important beginning that you did that that process started by reporting it also helps when we can collect forensic evidence that shows the engagement of this person this victim with individuals and that's important as well we can commit forensic evidence surrounding collaborative this videotape things that will support a prosecution that is needed when we get the victim to a point where they are satisfied they're comfortable and protected and they're going to be you know helped and so collecting forensic evidence is important collecting collateral evidence that the videotapes of circumstances that are presented all these things can be coordinated in a prosecution but it does start with us getting the support of that victim and that people can be supported by the programs that this Martinez is describing now let's take a permit how do you need any people in here absolutely right I mean I didn't do you know every person on your social media and then you met them face to face stop put your business on social media let me just start by saying that if you have not met that person face to face you don't know who that is could it be a human trafficker maybe could it be just some creepy old dude or somebody trying to get your business stop it okay that's the best advice I can give you as far as social media don't put your business on social media and everything on the end not true okay next who in here has seen SVU CSI any of that stuff right none of those things are real none of that is true I cannot hold DNA from you stick it into a device in it tells me who it is automatically none of that is true okay I can pull DNA from you immediately if you know someone that is effective encourage them to report immediately if they don't want to report to law enforcement encourage them to still call us immediately I can still do that exam I still be collect DNA evidence I can still do all of those things and it's that person to site six months from now they're willing to report guess what we still have your evidence and we're still there to help you to report one of the most crucial things is recording as soon as you see something we're recording as soon as something happens if you let it all right kick back that's what they're called right off campus if you're hanging out with your buddies or your friends and you see something that goes stay out a person to call us immediately okay and then we can decide whether or not what to do later I encourage everyone to report because again you can't hold your disc attorney accountable saying well he didn't do anything if you don't know about it if you don't report it we don't know but I do encourage you while you actually kick back hanging out with your friends having some drinks today again oh yes here drinking together no one goes home alone whoever you're there with that's what you leave with and if something weird happens in Turkey keep your eyes and ears open and encourage those people to report DNA lives at the very longest 120 hours and go very very long as 120 hours but that doesn't mean that is likely immediately is best and stay off social media and go home and delete everyone that you have not personally met face to face I'm afraid more time really this is a lot of things that folks miss Martinez and I can share with you about how you can help identify some probably sporting events homecoming events that's when people come down with things to entice you all to get involved circumstances yeah drugs to come down to homecoming we have pimps would come down to homecoming events you're walking right have a good on coming into being but these persons are going to be here to explore it and these are the kind of things that are going on and if you see this you know they're green girls in and drugs in this kind of thing where it's probably happening around you and you need to be aware of it like I said take note and report at the law enforcement so that we can begin you know address significant teen so you're actually you're actually surrounded by so perhaps like I said that some future did both of us Martinez and I can give you out some more direct want us to look for as far as this type of activity and you can hopefully recognize and help law enforcement and business by reporting are