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hello YouTube Preppers this is the comms prepper with the video about privacy tones more specifically how they work in our radios many of us have FRS gmrs amateur radios and business band radios that have these tones that are programmable option in our software or through our keypads any industry is referred to as continuous tone coded school system CTC SS tones Motorola's proprietary term is private line or PL General Electric when they were producing radios called Dara channel Guard or CG and as a digital version called digital code at school system or DCs one of the bottom lines up front from this video is privacy tones provide absolutely no privacy they provide no level of scrambling or encryption or security they're merely used as a filtering tool for the listening station to only receive traffic from other radios that have the same tone programmed into it so if you have 15 people with radios on the same frequency but only two of you have matching tones then only the two of you will be able to hear each other any radio on the same frequency that's not using any tone system will hear every transmission you make so that's the one of the bottom lines up front privacy tones are not private here the tones we're familiar with it will see in the back of our radio manuals typically they start at 67 Hertz or 67 cycles per second and go as high as 254 Hertz or 254 cycles per second and these are referred to as sub audible tones or tones that can't be heard with the human ear and you'll notice with the first tone it's only seven Hertz above the frequency of the power out of your wall outlet which is 60 cycles a second so these are sub water bowl tones and you can't hear them with your ear unless maybe at 254 if you have a really good set of your you might hear a slight hum so before I go into the tones I'm going to go into an FM radio block diagram so you can get an idea of the mechanics that are taking place you have an antenna represented by the schematic symbol the triangle to an RF amplifier a mixer with a local oscillator intermediate frequency amplifier a detector where the Squatch level is set an audio amplifier with a volume level is set and then the speaker you get to hear the transmission so how this starts is you receive a radio transmission I highlighted that in yellow and as a blue sine wave there and that's a modulated signal coming in because you can see how the peaks vary in distances between each other and I'm now below the green sine wave is your operating frequency what you programmed into your radio for that channel or what you entered into the keypad that's the frequency the local oscillator is producing and that gets passed up...