Signature Block Motion Graphics Design Contract Template Made Easy

Signature block motion graphics design contract template

good morning my name is day and am Bray my company is full spectrum Diagnostics I'm here on the behalf of grace engineered products we're going to do a three-part webinar today Thursday and next Tuesday discussing the basics of vibration analysis a little bit about my company Minneapolis Minnesota we do we have a vibration analysis training division our training is aligned with guidelines put in place by the American Society of non-destructive testing or AMT and the ISO International Organization for Standardization everything we do in the field goes into our training materials so most of our instructors spend at least 50% of their time in the field getting hands-on experience and understanding how wheel systems work we also have live certification training and interactive training and that's becoming more popular with all the virus problems there's webinars going on like crazy now little part of that so if you like what you see there's plenty on the website that I'll be showing you at the end of the presentation and you can come find me most appreciate it you all so sorry about that we also have the machinery analysis division our specialty is experimental mobile analysis and operating deflection shape analysis but basically what it boils down to is the animation type format we have on the right here this is the animation of one of the problems in the machine this was a refinery pump in Wyoming and you can look at it and you can say that it doesn't look right it looks like it's out of phase with the motor and something's been fed up in the coupling everybody sees it right away in an animation I've spent years talking about vibration I can put a room to sleep immediately but if I have an animation I throw it up like this everybody can see what the problem is everybody has a part in the solution so I have little corny saying down here at the bottom but it's true our process is making vibration analysis visible and workable throughout the customers manage machine such that they can be involved in their own asset management solutions and everybody gets involved when they see in the animation we also have a imaging division we use any scope OTS videos basically it's a high-speed video vibration analysis we take high-speed clips we put them through something called an optical flow algorithm which enhances the displacement see scales the amplitudes and it allows us to see what the human eye can't perceive in any video animation either because it's events too fast or the displacements are too small or both so here you can see there's some type of problem in the machine it's moving awkwardly what it turned out to be you know could be a short version of this is there was a problem in this foot of the motor or the structure under the foot this base plate was lamp grouted in big C channel or i-beam channel around the outsides they pump grout in it delaminated from the base plate sort of lifting so you get this kind of diagonal vibration going in there and put a little color on it this should be all grey down here there shouldn't be any any color to it at all that just tells you that there's some motion there so the only way we found this was with a vibration video which was very interesting okay this part one introduction to vibration analysis we're going to have first a high-level overview of the predictive maintenance process now this is going to be recorded and you can get a copy of the recording you can watch it as many times as you want I instead of sitting there and making notes or anything like that I would suggest you just sit absorb it okay I might have to talk a little fast if you write things down here you're gonna miss some things so just sit back and have fun so it's a high-level process we will look at first we're going to look the measurement to analysis cycle all the way through and that's the core of vibration analysis we're going to look at the vibration fault periodic table and that was the first table it was on the screen Southworth this is structure and method this allows the vibration analyst to think logically about which faults apply at which note and we're going to walk through a series of examples on that so there's 35 faults on the table which encompasses most rotating machinery problems they're logically sorted in group with respect to the dominant frequency content and the dominant directional response they help us zero in on the root cause problem and you know there's always a difficult problems that there might be two faults or three faults dominant you know going on at the same time this will at least get us into the ballpark but most of the time that takes us right to the root cause and the final topic we're going to touch on the industrial Internet of Things in artificial intelligence and vibration analysis so I've done this for a couple of years and I look at technology and I see how different companies are progressing there's companies out there making transducers and having databases and everything is Wireless to the cloud type applications this kind of looks at that where we're going and what we've done and actually some of the things that we've talked about a couple months ago at Grace products they're doing things that are following that path and it's a it's a good way to go it's going to be really exciting in the future this is the very basics of vibration analysis and glue at the top there the best way to start any vibration analysis training is to provide an overall process view of the main concepts so here it is list it out I have my picture on the side there are seven steps to define the machine of interest and this is important because we have to know what type of alarms to put on it not every machine is the same and statistically we're going to be able to pull out an alarm level and this is 0.32 five inches second velocity overall measurement we can put into our database and set up as an alarm just knowing that the type of machine we have we're going to measure with a calibrated transducer so 100 millivolts per gene the analog signal is a voltage versus time waveform and there's multiple Wiggles in that waveform we'll talk about that we're going to digitize that signal and sampling digitize it and turn it into a format that's not an infinite analog signal so that we can get our hands around it and then we're going to pump that into an FFT process a fast 48 processor that's where EA is a way of extracting the periodic events in the time waveform so you have that complicated waveform and below it there are several some more simple waveforms it's a combination of sinusoids and the processor does that void so fast Fourier transform takes you from the time domain which is here into the frequency domain so now we can see in the amplitudes and the frequency content of that complicated signal and it's 99% of vibration analysis is in the frequency spectrum so this is how it's done so a simple a simple equation in frequency is 1 over the period we can go through it manually but for complicated problems complicated waveforms it's much better to use the processor this is great knowing what frequencies are there but we really have to know how much is too much and this is the van der Laan version of that so we can set up our alarms based on what kind of machine we have and have this little stair step threshold level that we're going to look for as far as good or bad and you can trend all that games run our statistics on our alarm bands and our overall LOC get a good idea if the machine is starting to progress towards a failure mode here's a little graphic that's kind of nice if you are listening and you want to copy this I can I can't give you the power point but I can give you a PDF of presentation if you're interested in email it to you let us know this is where we start you need to know our machine so this machine is an overhung direct coupled fan so on my list of different types of machines this is an acceptance criteria this is an alarm value all these are statistically set so I would grab a bunch of reciprocating compressors I would look at all their overall amplitude levels and take the mean plus 3 Sigma and get an effective alarm level for that machine and do that same exact thing with all of these different types of Units so we have some graphics here cooling towers three different kinds of compressors there's five different kinds of fans or blowers there's motor generator sets chillers turbine generators horizontal pumps and vertical pumps okay and we get a good idea what our machine is and what their alarm criteria is so in this case the little icon is telling me point three two five so I have the direct driven overhung fan point three to five inches per second which is a velocity level and it gets us in the right form for setting up our database this is a transducer so it comes in a lot of different forms this is just a single axis transducer the ones that we're going to talk about a little bit later are typically three axis tri-axial MEMS accelerometers we'll talk more about it but the direction is very important where we go with this one we're gonna measure the machine with a calibrated transducer typically it's an accelerometer it gives us acceleration accelerometers are the best transducer he is but acceleration is not the best unit to use because it has a problem we'll talk about in on Thursday with some other basics of vibration it changes amplitude with speed then with frequency so we have a problem with the acceleration parameter in the displacement parameter kilometers are expensive they give you velocity directly but the accelerometer is easiest because they're cheap and you can mathematically integrate the signal and get velocity out of it okay a lot of jargon a lot of stuff not really important that you know that right now the accelerometers and velocity of the preferred method we're going to acquire data in multiple directions we have a tri-axial accelerometer we just put it on top of the housing we get XY and Z in one shot if we have single axis transducers we're going to have to move them and measure horizontal vertical and another one in the axial direction that's not shooting why is that important if you look at this cartoon that I've made as the unbalance vector swings by my red transducer it's peaking out as it swings by my blue transducer it's peaking out 90 degrees later for a quarter of a revolution later so this is telling me a couple of things it's it's telling me that what the frequency is going on the Machine I can see that from my periodic event and I can calculate that I can see the amplitude but I can also see the phase shift so there's something going on differently in the vertical and horizontal direction and that's just do the moving our transducer 90 degrees but this will tell us if we have a balance problem if we have a misalignment or looseness or our bearing or bent shaft we're gonna get a different phase relationship yeah and that's one of the things we're gonna talk about in the industrial Internet of Things the wave of the future if you will okay so we're gonna direction is very important vibration faults are directionally you got to keep that in your head a little cartoon a little cartoon little animation of a bearing on a shaft it looks like the bearings didn't in fact the inner race in the bearing is cocked so it's kind of pitching the shaft that we will have an issue thank but is important here we're going to capture an MLS output from the transducer and it has all the different Wiggles all the vibration of everything that that transducer scenes is presented here okay I'm going to tell you what those three Wiggles are you can't see them right now but you will in a minute one is the rotation of the shaft it will put itself turnings be that the shaft will put a big peak in the spectrum the other is between each of these balls there's a carrier that separates the balls and keeps them spaced at the right intervals so in a bunch up on one side of the bearing it spins with the shaft but only about half of shaft speed about 40% of shaft speed actually in the third rotating system is the balls themselves they're spinning as they roll on race weights so you have three rotational events going on the transducer is picking them all up in raw voltage versus time signal we apply transducer sensitivity typically a hundred millivolts per gene and now it's a time waveform in acceleration because the the transducer is typically accelerometer and they will pick up acceleration we can mathematically change that like we talked about a moment ago but you don't have to do that right now [Music] so there's the three chap rotation the Train rotation of the cage of the bearing and then rotation the rolling elements themselves number four we sample and digitize the data we can't take in to a the FFT processor an analog signal it's you know what signals are infinite so we sample and digitize a very high rate and we grab points enough points that it really is a bunch of dots but it's they're so close together that it looks like the line okay so we get a good representation of the signal and then we do where all the magic happens is the FFT processor this the FFT that fast Fourier transform basically takes a time domain signal and turns it into a frequency domain signal the way it does that is it extracts the individual periods and defines them so if you look at this first period it's part of that waveform I got three different rotational events going on this would be the lower frequency wanted a caged frequency but you can see it as you look at all the peaks here you can see a subtle wave in this thing and it starts here it waves through and it ends there so any periodic event it will start at a certain point it will go to a maximum and go through zero go to a negative maximum and then back to zero okay that tells me how long that event is if we know how long it is we can calculate the frequency the frequency in Hertz is 1 divided by the period in seconds so we know this is half a second long one divided by 0.5 is 2 Hertz 2 cycles per second ok if we're like rpm or CPM that are cycles per minute we multiply it by 60 so that's just a unit change but that's how they're extracting from here the FFT processor is pretty complicated this is the simple eyes Persian of that but we'll pull out the amplitude and frequency in period 1 the amplitude and frequency at period 2 and of pairing 3 so now when frequency wise we know what those three peaks are in the frequency spectrum as well as their amplitudes so here we are in the other three periodic events needs to extract them all we apply this Fourier transform and it gives us those three peaks and where they're spaced in the spectrum so if we have the turning speed of the shaft frequency to here then this is sub-synchronous it's below where I need speed the low turning speed this is one times rpm so it's it's synchronous and this we're gonna have to calculate what that is how it relates back to the turning speed I'll show you in a second so what's important we can identify each peaks frequency which peak is the rotating speed of the shaft that's really important and how other Peaks or relate or what ratio do they have with respect to the rotating speed the last concept is how do we judge the severity you don't have any criteria quite yet that's on the next slide now this looks complicated and it's pretty easy it's once you have it set up that's it's kind of a cookie cutter type thing so this was setting up alarm bands for bearing health for rolling element bearings okay something that we have so we have rolling element bearings or you use this parameter will have an overall level which comes from whatever machine we have so our overall of us going to be 0.325 inches per second we'll have sub synchronous which is 20 percent of the overall level that's the amplitude we're going to have we have a 1 times RPM range will be 90 percent we'll have 2 times RPM range or twice running speed and it's gonna be a forty percent and three times it's 30% in blade past frequency ranges and bearing defect ranges are twenty twenty five and fifteen percent so when we set this up with an idea of how machinery fails if it's 1 times our PM tourneys being the shaft or some small harmonics of that they're gonna be a threshold type of line when we get out here the weight bearings fail you'll learn an amplitude is very small so we're trying to pick out really tiny Peaks basically out of the spectrum and apply alarms to them the nice thing about the database you can set your alarms any way you want and you can set them up to learn so that they'll adjust these levels these are a good starting point 20 percent 90 percent and so forth statistically you can look at every band and you can actually can use as many bands as you like the result is we have frequency amplitudes and you can compare some severity criteria to them so I have the stair step program and it looks like my frequency attorneys being the shaft is exceeding that in this higher frequency out there they also once you're in a frequency format you compare everything the turning speed of the shaft to seeing what frequency it is frequency 1 739 / 1760 the attorney's fee to the shaft I get 0.42 times our p.m. so it's a sub synchronous frequency that's below turning speed if I have a peak at F to basically do the same thing kind of no-brainer here but 1760 / 1760 is 1 times rpm it's turning speed at shaft so physically it's turning 1716 times per minute but it is the 1 times rotational speed of the shaft once per revolution okay 3 this mystery frequency out here 8025 i / 1760 and i get a fraction it's not 4 times it's not 5 times on each beam it's four point five six that's telling me it's non synchronous or it's non harmonic and typically that's a very frequency that might be showing up okay we'll get a little bit more in detail with that there's me killed this is how we would commonly take our data usually it goes into a database and the database applies the alarms and tells us what's what's bad and right now it would shoot out an alarm report that would say r1 times rpm peak in position three on the shafts of a fan bearing three fan bearing four they both exceed the criteria in the vertical direction on those two bearings so that gives us some good information to go and hunt for what the problem is okay so everything is a process of elimination we start with what what Canton what is the problem what can't be the problem we move through the whole series which takes us to the vibration fault periodic table so this is an mention of full spectrum Diagnostics we use it in all our training it gives everything structure and logical sorting mechanism we have several things that we're going to talk about one is there's thirty five faults on the table that encompasses just about everything in rotating machinery it's organized by frequency content which is the columns so there's a synchronous range there's harmonic there's sub synchronous non synchronous and modulation and we'll show those in detail in a moment it's organized by directional response and that's the color of the tile on the table red is radial yellow is axial the orange could be radial or axial usually it's by design five gear box it's the orientation of the teeth which really tells it which way it's going to respond so they're either in lastly once we've sorted by frequency content and directional response we can look in the tiles that remain on the table and they'll tell us what kind of diagnostic to do and the Diagnostics we have our phase analysis time waveform analysis orbits transient analysis or an ultrasonic analysis we don't need to know what those are we just need to know what to do next you know if you're sitting down with your vibration guy and your supervisor it's very likely you don't know a whole lot about vibration analysis this is made for the manager the supply chain the asset managers in the whole system to help them understand vibration and I do this for every analysis I do I will basically show them this PowerPoint presentation and say here's how I narrow down your problem in its five slides seven slides something like that and we get a logical sort noun to here's what your problem probably is and it's really helpful you know they don't know anything about Diagnostics I do you but I just explain this is exactly what I've just said to you it's synchronous problems it's in the radial direction and it's one of these four we do a phase analysis we meet out which one is the oddball and where to our solution yeah pretty much as simple as that the light throws you a curveball so every once in a while like every week for me we're look at synchronous faults okay so what is synchronous synchronous is turning speed to the shaft turning speed of the shaft very important this is what we want to compare all the other faults on the table too so if our fault is that turning speed and our past example is 1760 rpm that's going to be what we focus on so if it's at turnings be synchronous fault it's one of these 11 things and we have to throw in our little oddball natural frequencies can occur at any frequency there they're predominantly based on the mass and stiffness of the system that's vibrating okay so if they get close to turning speed you can amplify the response but they're in every category so we have to prove or disprove everything on you right now synchronous problems when we got rid of all these other grayed out titles right so we went from 35 problems down to 12 so what do we do next we look at the color and then what do we do next we look at what our little icon tells us to do okay so there's synchronous problems and synchronous is turning speed in the chat so here this case 1784 we divided by 1784 we get one times I feel okay little fault cursor and put a little circle on here the squares are the harmonic cursor so in your software you can probably put your cursor on the main peak and see how the other Peaks are related to it right so two times rpm three four five and six times so this is probably a blade pass frequency and I have six blades on a pump or a fan you know I get a pulsation that frequency please exactly an exact multiple an exact harmonic okay here's our harmonic Falls harmonic faults are exact multiples of shaft speed okay notice there's a little overlap when I have a synchronous problem it's a dominant one times rpm and usually there's a dominant one times rpm in this column as well but it's at two times rpm as well so then you can have a two or three times earnings being harmonics let's start showing up now you still have to figure out phase wise what the problem is there they all have to get a phase icon you know but for you know nothing simple there's always some overlap harmonics are coupling misalignment bent shaft another coupling angular misalignment cotton bearings and even then the animation I just showed you this morning of the bearing and falls going around it had a cocked inner race so it was rotating and producing usually twice running speed harmonic so harmonics these are one in two times usually this column is based on the design in the machine so I'll get a gear mask at whatever the tooth count times running speed is so if I have 53 Keith on my gear I'll get a fifty three times runnings being peak in the spectrum if I have blade pass frequency like that last example 10,704 die / 1784 I'll get exactly six times so one two three four five of the exactly six times running speed that will be my harmonic and this column is looseness type problems and they'll generate a whole string of harmonics either either fraction fractional harmonics exact fractions or two times three times four times five times just a whole string it starts to get loose okay and here's my example by a blade past frequency and that frequency exceeds my threshold I'll see how relates to turning speed 10,000 704 / 1784 I get six times so it's a exact multiple it's a harmonic of running speed that tells us there's six blades on the fan the pump that were inspecting okay sub-synchronous false false that occur at frequencies less than turning speed of the shaft so if I have a caged frequency like I noted before it was at point four two times running speed it's less than 1 times our peanut it's one of these types of products so looseness problems can show it rubs some gear problems some electrical problems in oil world in journal bearings and so forth sub synchronous in non synchronous overlap on these two columns so we can have low frequency sub synchronous and non synchronous problems but basically the main definition is sub synchronous is the less than attorneys fee here's my example I have a peek at 749 CPM I have a peek at one time sorry PM 1784 and I divide those two I get 0.40 1/9 times running speed so sub synchronous and you can see on the graphic obviously it's below that needs to be non synchronous is a group that is not equal to multiples of shaft speed so they're not harmonics so any anything in between the whole number of multiples of turning speed are what non synchronous frequency sorry and this includes oil world oil without all the bearing rolling element bearing frequencies are all non secrets and so how can they be there's so many different kinds of bearings I had a bearing database it had 18,000 bearings in it and there were three that were exact harmonics but you know you just take it out enough decimal places and it's going to be announcing and suitably anyway so we have several different non-synchronous Peaks sources one of those is this problem and this is a good one because it's so tight I have a peak that shows up at 54:41 I divide it by running speed 1784 I get three point zero four nine you always take them out three decimal places because this is not a harmonic it's not three times its three point zero four nine so it's really close you know there's your huh three times so I have one time two times three times four five six this has been my harmonic cursor so I am NOT at three times I'm just above it seems subtle but you'll get the idea so that is very likely a very defect frequency it's showing up the last loopiness modulation this is a what shows up well a lot of times you can hear it's a pulsating combination of falls so here I hit that's pulsating combination of false listening to it you can hear the pulsing sometimes measuring it in the time waveform a lot of times it's low being beat frequency that you see but in the spectrum it's something a little bit different it has what's called side bands so I'm the only way to show you this is to show you by example I have my my Peaks I've been playing with all along it's still the machine at 1784 rpm turning speed I have my harmonic cursor none of these line up they're all non synchronous okay I put my cursor on twenty thousand five sixteen divided by the running speed I get eleven and a half times range me so it's not in synchronous it's not eleven times it's not twelve times it's eleven point five times okay so I start doing the same thing with all the other Peaks divided by turning speed so I have thirteen point five twelve point five one two five ten point five nine point five which is they're all non synchronous but they're all separate by turning speed frequency so 20,000 516 - 1784 I get 18,000 732 and I subtract turning to mean for me again I get 69 so this is how modulation works there's a center frequency that might be some some known frequency and then side bands on either side plus or minus the exact spacing so we'll get more into that as we go but that's one of them one of the fault categories the last one okay so we sort it by frequency and then we sort it by color or direction in this case the dominant direction for the red box is in the radial direction so either horizontal or vertical or both okay the dominant direction for the yellow blocks is axial and this is the big separator in the synchronous problems so we can eliminate you know if we have radial response there's four possible synchronous problems that produce radial response if we I have an axial response there's six possible and the gear is orange conveniently in their direction but we can wipe out a whole bunch of possibilities right after that with knowing what you're actually this dominant oh and there's one on ball out here the bearing cage frequency spacer between all the balls when it rotates if it there's a thrust load on it it will respond in that direction you'll start to see an axial peak in spectrum which is unusual that's the only one that varying frequencies acts in the axial direction radial hand or axial fault crew this is a lot of times by design in the machine so if we have a gear gearbox it can be a right angle gearbox herringbone it can be a spur gear you know that configuration might give us an idea of what direction is going to be dominant but as far as we know it's gear box without looking inside so it's more to convene their direction electrical they can be multiple directions natural frequencies turbulence things like that there's no really pronounced direction it could be in any of the three and then we narrow down the possibilities so the recommended diagnostic is the icon in the upper right hand corner of each tile and I mentioned before we have phase analysis timely from orbit transient and ultrasonic analysis okay phase analysis very good for synchronous problems time waveform very good for gear type problems orbits if I have journal bearings that's what the best not that we used to figure out what's wrong with them is with an orbit plot transient analysis for different natural frequency problems and ultrasonics for bearing problems so very enter a small spin outer race and change frequency and even very natural frequencies will show up occasionally so they all have their place this is telling us what to do so I've sorted by frequency content I've sorted by direction and then I go and do my diagnostic test to narrow down hopefully to the root cause all right so this is a lot of stuff but without a demonstration it's not as acceptable so we got one more little twist on this so I got a real world example here we have a AC induction motor it's direct coupled we have a bearing it's a center hung fan inner and outer bearings they're rolling elements in this case so everything's set up what else do I have it's an AC motor so it's not easy okay I'm going to start the sorting process based on this so the first thing we can do we don't know have any vibration at all here's a series of blocks that are designed related so we have to consider that machine design the drive type the coupling the driven machine type the bearing type in the world or configuration you know we're gonna walk through each one of those for our example so I have an AC induction motor I can get rid of DC electric problems and fluting as long as this then people might you might not know what flirting is its electoral erosion of the raceways in the bearing from discharges of either current or voltage so this is a DC motor that that occurs sometimes AC induction motors on variable frequency drives can also occur so but if it's just an AC induction motor usually it's electrically it's it's pretty good and you'll never get the erosion problems but there's two blocks that we just based on what we know about the machine you can get rid of those two direct coupled meaning that there's no gearbox so the for gearbox problems could go away and to belt rack problems go away okay rolling element bearings throughout my oil world and oil whip these are journal bearing problems a thing called weight center hung rotor my overhung rotor unbalance doesn't apply it's a not a specialty machine so there's something called rollbar e in the paper and aluminum and steel industry that doesn't apply this and what happened all my great blocks here and went from 35 possible faults down to 23 and I haven't done any vibration analysis yet it's all based on machine design okay and I can't tell you how helpful this is a lot of times you'll try to prove that you running through in your head as you're doing Diagnostics and you forget about certain things you say you know what about this problem of that problem and it's already off the chart if you don't have this chart and this structure logical sorting mechanism you go in circles sometimes and I've been there ok we're going to consider the frequency routine so this is the data for our machine or direct drunk-drive threat coupled over hum fan or simple family we have peaks in the spectrum there's nothing axially there's nothing in the horizontal Direction vertical direction the motor spine and bear needs three and four there's a vertical one times rpm pink that's showing up in the spectrum okay how do I know this is one times rpm that's how this alarm dam is generated so I have little one times I've given two times and I have a little as three four five six times so that's how when we originally set it up in the database so the database is telling us you have alarms at position 3 and 4 in the vertical directions at turning speed of the shaft so it's a synchronous problem it's a turning speed of the shaft it's at 1 times rpm it's the first 2 columns on the table plus the natural frequency so we had all these blocks selecting everything that's not synchronous will also go away so those blocks all through here except for natural frequency so it's not a bearing frequency it's not electrical it's not all that it's synchronous so we're down to nine problems we went from 35 to 23 now we're at 9 potential problems we're going to sort by color next to bunny on Direction dominant direction and you go back to this there's no axial vibration which is nice so horizontal and vertical they're radial vibration and only the vertical one has the alarms to it so we can say that this is not an axial problem so the yellow blocks go away and we're stuck with after just sorting two times in removing the faults that are based on design we're down to five different faults that it could possibly be okay so what do we do next we do what the table tells us to do next you perform a recommended diagnostic upper right-hand corner we have a phase phase phase and phase for the suit problems and we have transient analysis for the natural frequency problem okay this is one of the two tests that we traditionally use to look for natural frequencies one is a waterfall plot where we can start or stop or in it or if we have control of speed somehow we do a start-up or Coast town or a controlled speed change and we can see if there's a peak in the spectrum close to some operating condition if the easier way I think is to do a natural frequency impact test so you get an instrument and hammer you hit the machine like a ringing like a bell and the frequencies that come out of that ringing are telling you what the natural frequencies are so when we do that type of testing all the time so in this case we couldn't find a natural frequency so what's left these four phase Diagnostics for unbalanced as centricity loosens type a and alignment offset radio direction what are those tests these are the categories so doing the phase test not really important right now understanding that what it gets you is is very important so I check for unbalanced and SM tricity I should have a horizontal to vertical phase shift of 90 degrees and each bear me so all I do is check the boxes for those that apply I do a little survey of the whole machine see how one point is related to a reference location and I can see how it's moving just a rough a rough animation at the Machine I checked for misalignment across the coupling if the coupling is moving out of phase either radially or actually it's a good check for hey you got something misaligned in that couple in this case we didn't have that we had normal unbalanced conditions at low level we had no ax centricity the only one we did have we had a lot of vertical response and that's good signature for software conditions so basically it had a foot that was shimmed improperly or had too many shims or they forgot to do it where the bolt was loose or broken there's some some condition in one footing foot on the machine that gave us fits and in this case looseness type a is that type of fall so we end up with looseness type a okay everybody can understand it's just sorting things using what you know to eliminate problems and if you can't eliminate them they stay on the table okay I'm gonna jump to it a little different topic the industrial Internet of Things artificial intelligence and vibration analysis I have about 15 minutes left I think I'm going to try to get some questions in after this if you guys have questions you can type them in to your computer and they'll show up on the facilitator screen and we'll answer those so this is something I've done the last couple years and I continue to look at where the technology is going with a wireless transducer in cloud data storage all that type of stuff the gold standard is the thing that everybody's looking for is to permanent wireless transducers 24/7 monitoring that can do a lot of things and the four things that have main interest right now are over all vibration training which is just an energy level response of the machine in overall ultrasonic training which is a filtered high frequency failure mode for lowly no independence you'll get really small impacts that you can only see in high frequency range a lot of people are going to that mean transducers that finding both on-demand time waveform and spectrum capability it's real important if you have an overall level that exceeds a certain criteria the you do a waveform or a spectrum to see what's really going on there's some clue frequency content wise what's what's happening and then probably the hardest one is on-demand phase analysis or my case animation capability I'm showing you a pump and it probably had 30 measurements on it and these were all the amplitude and phase type measurements they're all simultaneously acquired so I can see how the machines moving and I can get an animation like this if we have on-demand phase analysis mean in one transducer link and talk to the other one simultaneously then we can do something like this on a rudimentary scale for every machine assuming you know things in the future keep going the way they are and these wireless transducers get smaller and more battery efficient and you can link them all together on a machine you can put just a sonar net of transducers on your machine and get all kinds of animation response and phase response gold-standard is also the transducers are powered by an infinite energy source which never will happen but you know battery technologies get better and better so that's something to watch transducers sensor nets they can talk point-to-point and acquire data simultaneously we just kind of went over that as far as that's what this allows and actually we can do phase analysis right away that can be part of the algorithm if we have a point-to-point acquired data we know the phase shifts from point to point and what they should be we can program that into our software and we can basically have smart smart machines smart sensors artificial intelligence algorithms designed for trending detecting assessment and defining machinery problems this is phase analysis that we can do on the fly would be fantastic vibration data training interfacing with other plant process variables most immense transducer will get you temperature as well which is good they can do pressure or well they can't the transducer can't but we should the plant usually will have pressures flow speed and efficiency on some type of data system or PI system the idea is to link to that so we can get another you know non vibration measurement that might be part of the puzzle infinite data storage and monitoring capability in the cloud everybody's going to that so it's not inexpensive but it's it's it seems like we have enough data storage now you know the real thing is to work on the price and the battery life so the price point is is low for these MEMS transducers and the art triaxial most of the time and it's a it's a good it's a good place there's going to be a big jump soon I think this the last one is on site vibration analysis analyst is eliminated or replaced with remote online monitoring I think we're not there yet without my tip you in the future there might be just smart algorithms that will tell you when your machine's going to fail but vibrations so subtle sometimes and there's multiple things that happen and it defies the linear logic sometimes but the more transducers you have if I have 24 transducers on my machine instead of four I could do a lot more so it all depends on you know pricing of transducers and how they can work together and fighter data this is kind of the flow chart so I have acquiring data with my transducer up here I can also acquire phase data like we've mentioned if all these transducer locations are linked together I can get live phase analysis which is fantastic so we have overall vibration levels we have time waveforms we have spectrums that we can capture right right now we're doing little packets of overall levels so we're getting the least agnostic information but if something changes and goes into alarm that prompts us to take a spectrum take a waveform and we don't have to take it everywhere we can target the location the alarm came from so once we have that we can start using this type of logical Sarki sorting mechanism that will be able to tell us what the cause of the problem is current state of the art it is route trendy being why do we stop that it's there's a lot of inaccessible locations there's dangerous things that you can't monitor as well as you'd like to that is perfect for permanently mounted battery powered units especially a lot of places I go like refineries there's you just don't want to be close to some of these machines what they have out in the market right now battery-powered units they do everything they do the training the ultrasonic the spectrum the waveform phase analysis orbits they can do all kinds of natural frequency tests anything you think of they're thrown into these portable units it's just you know you have to have a skilled guy the nones vibration knows how to use it to get the most out of it databases were constructed with these so we're uploading and downloading data constantly they don't really have algorithms they have some statistical analysis they can use but you do have to have a five guy that knows what he's doing the infinite storage in storage really isn't an issue and even with hard drives being as big as their price point is low unacceptable and when you throw all the cost in I came up with roughly about $25 a point which is what $400 a machine no 300 sorry so not bad on site or contract vibration required yeah there's still there's still a place for that manual route based portable data so this is the kind of stuff you're gonna get you get a spare you'll get over all levels so here I'm moving between different overall levels and going in and out of alarms and you can see how the spectrums changing this is what we don't get the spectrum over here from just a single point so this is just telling me I'm at what here I'm at point three three four inches per second so I'm in alarm but this is the information I need to make a call on a piece of machinery okay there are supplemental spot checking methods a lot of places will give the operators like in power plants an overall meter and they'll go out it's battery-powered it's storing just a value there's no algorithms minimal vibration analysis training required data storage is limited but you can download it price is low so it's it's good you're making use of your operators and people who are walking around writing something on a clipboard instead you're getting an actual measurement but it's only as good as the operators naked this current wireless system options a lot of them the first one they're going to semi-permanent mounted data collection to get some of this capability transducer battery powered in some cases and sometimes they're wired in as well but here's just the thing that makes it really valuable if you do a route based vibration analysis you're only getting about twelve measurements per year at any given point on the machine twelve measurements is tiny I have an example here to the right this was four days worth of data one one data point per hour so about ninety four measurements if we get this we can get better a uniform data collection because it's magnet Mountain nobody's walking around and touching a different point they never gets moved you're going to get better repeatable trends and you're gonna get massive amounts of data if I'm route based it's 12 measurements a year if I'm Wireless rate when permanently mounted transducer if I do one per day I'm getting 365 measurements in the year one per hour almost 8800 measurements thinking about half a million measurements if I do one every minute so we know this is crazy but how crazy is it when I look at this I'll get to that okay price point is lower still needed by gun so forth okay this data is the starting point so I have some alarm levels that I mean plus 3 Sigma it's based on the real data and it's just statistics ok this is where the alarm probably will occur this was a plot of regular vibration velocity which is the red dot and this scale is acceleration so it's peak view that's ultrasonic measure and some of the stats but this is what you can do with the single point and wireless transducer you can take that data and you can get this was 94 measurements this is one an hour and I can see massive statistical changes the gray was initial you know the first couple hours it's pretty ragged and then all of a sudden it started zeroing in on a much better statistical alarm level and this is only four days it's I think it's something that's phenomenal or just the basic vibration monitoring you know you still need to give us back room and waveform but it's telling us a lot more than than we think it is and I was just using basic statistics and having them update every hour and it gets a really nice trend evolving systems Wireless semi permanent mounting data collection there's a lot of them out there that between wire and battery-powered or it's it's you have the option would be there data stored oh spectrum and waveform can be collected on alarm of by request that's really important because you don't want to be pumping spectrum every day you'll get a where the battery is out in no time price point still high capability is increasing so it's it's out there it's it's elusive every time we want to do something it's hate me what if we do this and that might cost a little more money so it's it's pushing in the right direction but it's it's it's got to be evolving all the time which I believe it is this is in fact this is one of the time lathe ones from one on one vendor out there which is horrible there it doesn't even look like a by breach inspector at a time wait for me spectrum this is the spectrum which looks pretty good and I don't think these were collected at the same time this was like anyways to me this looks like harmonics so there's maybe a looseness problem on this line the problem it's telling us something is going on and it gives us a clue this is another vendor where they narrow banded everything this is a rolling element bearing Raceway frequency and it was on a gearbox it was just buried in the noise floor so we have to put it on a log scale put some specialty alarms in it and we could start picking it out so there's a lot of things you can do with the databases as far as pulling things out the very cell ok future battery-powered transducers unlimited life is what we want power compromise you'd love to go just full battery our transducers are getting better than the MEMS designed to make micro electric go elect campus a micro electromagnet mechanical systems so nose integrating plant process parameters creating algorithms and we having started creating out with the chip will Salty's of overall vibration synchronization of transducers to get phase analysis basically the elimination for on-site vibrational switch I don't really approve up I think he has a very useful function but you know if you supplement it with an off-site guy contractor you can also be there so here's our grand look overall look at everything we acquire our data overall trans time waveform spectrum where we're isolating potential problems we're pulling up a current rule base and seeing what's good and bad an overall vibration or individual Peaks and in spectrum we're comparing that to plant processes so where where are we on the pump curve or the fan curve that could be the entire problem but we're never comparing our vibration to plant process maybe we don't need that we update our machinery animation so we can have depending on what kind of net of transducers we have we can get some decent animation and then even applying a rule base for potential fall so maybe this is moving like this but it's not high enough amplitude that it's an issue yet we can still say hey you here's our potential problems you might have a loose foot or soft what we might have misaligned coupling and we might have some blade pass frequency problems they're showing up and then we apply that and get a better idea of where we sit statistically and then start the process over so it's doing this not 12 times a year every hour every minute you're getting an update in a better idea of what new machine is trying to tell you if it's hurting or if it's fat dumb and happy all right I've blown through an hour barely sorry about that I tried to hold it to an hour if you guys have questions I think Nick will get back on they need to contact me or you want a PDF of this presentation I think more than happy to email anyone so let me know you can contact me if you have any other questions about Trini you dare neck hi Dan yeah we got quite a bit of questions here I'm not sure if we'll be able to get through all of them but I'll go ahead and start at the top and we'll see how many of these we can we can get through I'll also save these questions everybody we will do our best to address some of these in the next few webinars or like Dan said you can reach out forward your questions to him the first question is from brian is all of the this based on everything being new or is there a way to put this on machines already installed and running in the field and how do you know where your base would be on that used equipment yeah no it's you can put them on anything you know if it's a starting point when you you put it on a machine right at the beginning we define the machine as a direct-drive Center hum fan whatever and we can say hey here statistically we're our starting point is 0.3 to 5 inches per second is our overall alarm length right if it's a brand new machine then you're seeing it as it's as it's starting to wear its it should be you know running beautifully if it's a used machine and see down the road years what have you you get a baseline but again you're taking measurements your first day or two if measurements could be every five minutes or every you know 20 minutes or what have you and you could get a couple thousand measurements and really understand the where the actual overall alarm is so instead of 0.325 it might be at point two nine eight something like that and that doesn't sound like a big deal but it is you are resetting your statistical alarms with real data in the machine and it doesn't lock you into everything every fan of this configuration has the same alarms they're all different so each one you'll get a value statistically it's close to that point three to five but you're going to have enough data in a day or two to define a better statistical overall level that you you're interested in that's an alarm great all right next question how can you detect the modulation if the base frequency is different from the shaft rpm the modulation of the base we can see the different from the shaft rpm well if there is a modulation there's there's two different frequencies involved one is usually a center frequency the example I used would be more like a bearing defect so that Center frequency was non synchronous and all the other ones were non synchronous as well but they were spaced at a turning speed so that gives me a clue and not that you might know this but that gives me a clue that it's a very defect and what kind of bearing defect it is when you're going in and out of the load zone of the bearing you know on an inner race defect it'll modulate one times rpm so every time it goes into that load zone at the bottom of the bearing you're in it's once per revolution you're getting that modulation effect and the more the modulation that means there's more where or there's more defects or spalling what happening there's a lot of different modulations that you can look at rotor bark pass frequency in a motor is a subtle rotor problem but it'll depend on how many rotor bars that are so the center frequency in that grouping in the spectrum would be 38 rotor bars I have 38 times running speed its sidebands would be spaced at the electrical frequency 2 times line frequency so 60 Hertz it be twice that so I get 7200 CPM sidebands so they're not spaced at one times anymore they're spaced at that 72 so that'll give you a clue what's going on I don't know if I totally answered your question but that's there's some there's some subtleties to it all right next question is from John Davis for electrical faults how much do VFD operating frequency skew or affect the data in other words does the VFD frequency frequency variation significantly dirty the data it can a lot of times like if you're in a wireless transducer units taking data all the time so this the VFD is likely moving with the process in changing their shaft speed the real problems that come into play are being consistent with your data collection now you're moving your shaft speed all over the place and it's changing the overall response but eventually you'll get a handle on that the other end you can compare it to plant you can probably go in the plant PI system and try to see where you're changing speed but the other thing is if you're changing speed and you have a natural frequency close or in that range you can amplify the natural frequency and have other problems those are the big drawbacks it's usually if you're a route based you'll you'll set the VFD to it but the hell you 60 or 40 or 50 whatever you normally run out and you lock it in and you'll take your data at that frequency now you're a up consistent data you know throughout the year but you might be missing something due to that speed change that's the real limiting factor all right next one what is the difference in vibration reading using a portable on top of the bearing housing versus the probes versus the proximity probes I assume they're saying if you have a transducer on top of the housing you're measuring the housing vibration if you have proximity probes they're designed to be installed through the bearing in you know within 50 mils maybe of the shaft so they put out a magnetic flux that can vary with the distance and yeah so it tells you what how the shaft is actually moving it's light years more sensitive than a housing measurement on an oil field very so you're looking with the probes you're looking right on the shaft you know that there's six mils of vibration six thousandths of an inch something like that whereas if you're on the housing you might not detect anything across that barrier because just the animal it is all right for the example you used with the AMCA standard be used to set the alarms with the bearing clearance am see a very clearance are we to assume we're talking journal bearings again then send me an email if I'm wrong but usually you set your gaps basically for journal bearings with proximity probes whatever the manufacturer says is half the internal clearance of the bearing so once you get above half the internal clearance in your vibrating that much let's say you have seven mils of internal clearance and you get 4 mils of vibration you're above that 50% level and you have a better chance of having instability so you can set off an oil roll or an oil lip type problem or just increased we're in looseness I don't know if that's the exact answer to the question you have yeah like I said everyone you guys can follow up with Dan and an email get your specific answers let's see so this this press Erik Weber oh it says we use 50 horsepower motors motors belt driven to a fan blower to move paper scrap to the collection point how would we be able to tell the difference between machine failure and the scrap moving through the blower I guess statistically you'd have some noise floor so you're the scrap going through is going to be random so you're gonna have an energy-level you'll see the pinks you'll still see the blade pass and the rotating speed and things like that it'll just be a noisier spectrum if you can average it I [Music] didn't think about that I guess you can average it over time but if you're if you're randomly thrown scrapped in there it's just gonna affect the noise for so as long as your Peaks are above that you still be able to pick out the peaks I'm not sure if you can tell real well if it's good or bad as far as the condition of a fan that's pushing the stuff through okay what are the possibilities to not only diagnose existing problems but forecast the failure based on trends that's how we do it now that's everything's a trend you're looking at how how things progress and this last part of the presentation on having a transducer that's in place at all times and it's taking data in a much higher rate than you know just throughout these guys you're gonna get a really good trend it could be you know a little problem getting bearing defects to show up because they're pretty subtle but for any other threshold type thing the the synchronous vibration the harmonics blink passing things like that electrical frequencies you'll see a good trend developing for those the bearings are a little harder that's why you need a separate measurement of ultrasonic energy so I think grace actually is putting they have a triaxial set out there but they're putting in one of those tri-axial is a much higher frequency range and if you filter that signal you can see my new impacts of the bearing frequency says they start to fail so there's I think your question has already been thought of people are putting putting an answer in place right now all right we are in electrical engineering services and solutions company doing power system studies harmonics measurements and analysis etc we want to add a mechanical field service as well as condition monitoring how should we start well you can you can find a guy that knows anything about vibration you might not be the best guy but anybody to start with you might have a somebody come in and evaluate him I've gone in two places and say give them a real simple test on basic ideas and fundamentals and see how they do but you get a guy that's kind of qualified that's Intuit that wants to do it and he put him through a training program so there's entry-level classes there's a s and T and ISO have four levels that you walk through and you can you know take one or two levels and you mean fully functioning you know what you're doing but training is always good it's fine something to Train like you know maybe full spectrum Diagnostics might be able to help ya get some training and see which guys do it the best and those are your guys awesome all right well I'm gonna end it since we have a lot of questions we'll get it we'll do our best to follow up on these afterwards but I'm gonna end it right here on this comment from eric foreman this is the most concise effective vibration presentation i've ever seen thank you for your time this morning i'm really looking forward to the next two sessions we're looking forward to you guys all attending the next two sessions with Dan again that's Thursday April 9th and next Tuesday April 14th at 10 a.m. to 11 a.m. Central Standard Time dan do you have any closing remarks no I appreciate the comments I hope everybody felt that way I do I do like construction criticism though if I'm being goofy or not saying the right things I'd love to hear it so I don't do that you know so let me know all right and everybody this is our first custom webinar series with different dates I know a lot of people had issues getting the calendar dates added we gonna be sending out an email after this webinar with those calendar dates for the next two sessions there's primarily Outlook users I believe that had had the issue so we'll be following up with you on that we're gonna send out a PDF of the presentation and then once this series is complete we're gonna edit all these together and make an on-demand video for for all of our registrants as well who uh who either had leave early or missed it or weren't able to attend for some reason so with that we will we will close it down here thank you all so much for attending and we look forward to seeing you on Thursday thank you Dan yeah thanks do you want me to hang on the line I'm gonna go ahead and end the webinar now for everyone thanks again everybody