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casualty management planning for an emergency the prevention of accidents is obviously preferable to giving first aid nothing can replace adequate supervision of a child in a friendly and relaxed environment now and again however accidents and illness do happen and you may be called upon to give first aid to a child in your care it is important therefore to make a plan for how you would deal with such an emergency situation what would you do if a child in your care has a serious accident or sudden illness what if that accident or illness happened to you take some time to consider what your actions would be if an emergency happened whilst you were caring for children useful things to consider when you make your plan access to a telephone and a backup if it's out of order do you have someone who can care for your children if you have to leave them do you have a fully equipped first aid box that is easy for you and others to find are the children's record forms to hand so you can take them to hospital with you do you have a fire escape plan what if the exits or stairs were blocked do you have an agreed meeting point outside do the parents know what to expect if there is an emergency and what you will ask of them make a list of important phone numbers that you and others can find easily parents of the children home work and mobile doctor surgery yours and the children's emergency backup person ofsted advisor or child minding network coordinator have you been on a first aid course to learn what to do in an emergency just watching this video is not enough useful information when calling for help location of the accident which emergency services are required what happened casualties condition breathing unconscious injuries number of casualties the role of the pediatric first aider first aid is defined as the help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available the responsibilities of a first aider include assessing the situation work out what has happened count the number of casualties look for history signs and symptoms protecting from danger assess for further dangers protect yourself first then protect others getting help ask bystanders for assistance work out what help is needed call for help or ask a bystander to call recognise your own limitations prioritizing treatment treat the most urgent thing first treat the most urgent person first offer support and comfort minimizing infection risks wash hands before and after giving help wear disposable gloves wear protective clothing if needed cover your own cuts with a plaster dispose of contaminated waste carefully use sterile undamaged in-date dressings reporting in recording accurately record incidents report accidents when necessary maintain confidentiality the aims of first aid preserve life prevent the situation worsening and promote recovery consent it is important to ask for the casualty's consent before giving first aid believe it or not just touching someone without their permission could be classed as assault if a casualty is unconscious however the law allows you to assume that they give consent to your help if the casualty refuses treatment but you think they need it urgently call 999 112 for emergency help surveying the scene let's explore this scenario there has been a serious accident what thing should you consider before treating anyone what happened working this out could answer some of the following questions further danger can it happen again is there a risk of fire explosion collapse chemicals traffic electricity gas drowning etc can you cope ask bystanders to help use others to make the scene safe for example traffic control at road incidents avoid individual tasks take charge and give jobs to others instead number of casualties this information is vital for emergency services how many appear seriously injured emergency services what is the exact location fire and rescue ambulance police who needs help first assess casualties using the primary survey if there are multiple casualties tell others what to do minimizing risk ppe personal protective equipment always try to use ppe when administering first aid including aprons gloves face shields and face masks do not delay emergency patient care if ppe is not available covid19 coronavirus due to the current climate with covid19 it has never been more important to ensure your own safety first and foremost before others should you need to perform first aid or cpr please ensure you are protected at all times if in any doubt call 999 or 112 for an emergency for non-emergencies call 111 for further support do not place yourself at unnecessary risks priorities of treatment the primary survey we need a constant supply of oxygen to survive if our brain cells don't get oxygen they start to die within three to four minutes the priorities of treatment are making sure oxygen gets into the blood and that the blood carries it to the brain the primary survey is a fast and systematic way to find and treat life-threatening conditions in priority order if a life-threatening condition is found it should be treated immediately before moving on to the next step use drabc dr abc to remember the primary survey sequence perform a primary survey first on every casualty and until it's complete do not be distracted by more superficial non-life-threatening conditions d danger make sure you the casualty and any bystanders are safe don't put your own life at risk one casualty is enough r response quickly check to see if the casualty is conscious gently shake or tap the shoulders and ask loudly are you alright unconscious casualties take priority and need urgent treatment if an unconscious casualty is on their back the airway can be at risk a airway identify and treat any life-threatening airway problems if the casualty is unconscious tilt the head back to open the airway when the airway is clear opened move on to breathing life-threatening conditions airway swelling narrowing or blockage caused by the tongue vomit choking burns strangulation hanging anaphylaxis b breathing identify and treat any life-threatening breathing problems if the casualty is unconscious and not breathing normally perform cpr when life-threatening breathing problems have been ruled out or treated move on to circulation life-threatening conditions asthma crushing of the chest chest injury collapsed lung poisoning anaphylaxis cardiac arrest c circulation identify and treat any life-threatening circulation problems when life-threatening circulation problems have been ruled out or treated the primary survey is complete you can now look for other less urgent problems such as broken bones life-threatening conditions heart attack heart failure severe bleeding poisoning anaphylaxis cardiac arrest multiple casualties use the drabc primary survey to decide who needs treatment first a rough rule of thumb is that the casualty who is the quietest needs treatment first whereas the one making the most noise trying to get your attention is the least serious recognizing life-threatening conditions during the primary survey it is important to recognize and treat any life-threatening conditions as a rule a condition is life-threatening if it interferes with oxygen getting through to the vital organs of the body if the body has a lack of oxygen we call this hypoxia the body's emergency response if the body detects low oxygen levels the emergency hormone adrenaline is released which diverts blood away from the skin and stomach diverts blood towards the heart lungs and brain increases the heart rate increases the strength of the heart beat and blood pressure opens the air passages in the lungs adrenaline creates dramatic signs and symptoms that the first aider must be able to recognize recognition of hypoxia pale clammy skin for darker skin look at the color of the skin inside the lips blue tinges to the skin and lips cyanosis increase in pulse rate nausea or vomiting increased breathing rate if the brain detects low oxygen lowered breathing rate indicates a brain problem distressed breathing or gasping confusion or dizziness these signs and symptoms are caused by adrenaline we will now look at first aid kits health and safety first aid regulations 1981 employers responsibilities under health and safety law an employer has a responsibility to ensure that first aid provision in the workplace is sufficient this includes carrying out a first aid needs assessment to decide where how many and what type of first aiders are needed providing training and refresher training for those first aiders providing sufficient first aid kits and equipment for the workplace ensuring that all staff are aware of how and where to get first aid treatment first aid kits first aid kits should be identified by a white cross on a green background most workplace first aid kits conform to british standard bs 8599 and are available in different sizes to suit the environment some of the items stored in a first aid kit are gloves face shields adhesive tape foil blanket triangular bandages conforming bandages cleansing wipes plasters wound dressings ipads finger dressings burn dressings and scissors if there is no mains tap water have at least one liter of sterile water available for eye washing this table reflects the latest hse recommended contents of a first aid kit depending on the amount of employees visitors adults or children in your organization please note tablets and medicines should not be stored in a first aid kit because first aiders are not trained to administer or dispense them we shall now look at record keeping accident book any accident at work no matter how small must be recorded in an accident book the accident book may be filled in by any person on behalf of the casualty or indeed by the casualty themselves the information recorded can help the employer identify accident trends and possible areas of improvement in the control of health and safety risks it can be used for future first aid needs assessments and may be helpful for insurance investigative purposes filling in the accident book is often done by the first aider so the following notes are given for your advice an accident book is a legal document anything that has been written down at the time of an accident is usually considered to be stronger evidence in court than something recalled from memory complete the report all at the same time using the same pen not pencil to comply with the general data protection regulation 2018 personal details entered in accident books must be kept confidential so the book should be designed so that individual record sheets can be removed and stored securely a member of staff should be nominated to be responsible for the safe keeping of completed accident records for example in a lockable cabinet hand the completed accident record to that person the person who had the accident may wish to take a photocopy of the report if this is the case they can do this before it is handed in they should keep a record of the accident report number you should include in the report the name address and occupation of the person who had the accident the name address occupation and signature of the person who is completing the report the date time and location of the accident a description of how the accident happened giving the cause if you can details of the injury suffered first aid casualty report form it is useful for a first aider to complete a casualty report form for every casualty treated please note this does not replace the accident book which would still have to be completed for an accident at work the casualty report form is designed so that the first aider can keep a record of the exact treatment provided it is particularly useful if a casualty refuses treatment against the advice of the first aider if a casualty refuses treatment make sure they are capable of making that decision for example a fully conscious adult seek medical advice if they are not follow the advice given for completing the accident book when completing the form a copy of the form can be given to ambulance or hospital staff as it will contain valuable information about the incident and treatment of the casualty ask the nurse to take a copy so you can keep the original to comply with the general data protection regulation 2018 personal details on the report form must be kept confidential so the report should be stored securely for example in a lockable cabinet avpu score pronounced avpu score a simple way to record the conscious level of casualty is to use the avpu scale the scale is listed on the casualty report form so you don't have to remember it there is a score provided next to each level of consciousness write the score in the observations chart each time you measure it [Music] in this video we will teach you what to do if you found someone collapse the initial assessment is called a primary survey this is a quick early assessment to establish how best to treat or casually in order of priority we can use the initials dr abc or drabc to remind us all the steps we need to follow these initials stand for danger response airway breathing and circulation so when i see a casualty first i'm going to check for any danger to make sure it's safe for me to approach them i don't want to become a custody myself then i'm going to see if they can get a response from the counseling as you approach introduce yourself ask them questions to try to get a response if they're not alert and do not respond to your voice kneel down beside them and gently shake their shoulders hello amy it's winston can you hear me open your eyes still in response you can pinch the earlobe to see if they respond to pain depending on how the casualty responds to you will establish a level of response we use the avpu scale and each letter can represent the casualty's level of response a alert v responds to voice p responds to pain and u is the casually unresponsive to stimuli if there is still no response they are unresponsive we need to check their way is the casualty alert and speaking to you you know that there is no problem with the airway it is clear if the casualty is unresponsive open the airway by putting one hand on the forehead and gently tilting the head back with two fingers under the chin now we need to check to see if they are breathing normally we do this by placing our air and cheek over their nose and mouth looking down the body to see if the chest rises and falls we do this for 10 seconds if the casualty is not breathing normally call for help ask them to call 999 or 112 for emergency help and bring an aed if you are alone call for emergency help using a mobile on speakerphone and begin cpr with chest compressions the casualty is breathing normally so i'm going to check their circulation are there any signs of severe bleeding look unchecked on the body if you find severe bleeding try to control the bleeding to prevent life-threatening shock call 999 or woman 2 for emergency help before continuing to treat the casualty you may also need to treat them for shock i've established that my casualty is not bleeding remember to do a primary survey follow the order of dr abc complete each step in that order as quickly as possible dealing with any life-threatening conditions as you find them call for emergency help call 999 or 112 and that's how we perform a primary survey if this video has been helpful to you help support saint john ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate the secondary survey the primary and secondary surveys give a systematic way to prioritize urgent treatment and then thoroughly assess the casualty when the primary survey is complete and you have dealt with any life-threatening conditions it is safe to examine the casualty head to toe checking for other injuries or illness in a methodical manner if the casualty is unconscious it is vital that you continually monitor and protect the airway breathing and circulation these are the primary survey priorities to keep the casualty alive until emergency help arrives so how do we do this start by considering the history signs and symptoms history what happened what is the casualty's medical history do they have allergies what medication do they take when did they last eat what forces were involved in the accident and what are the worst injuries this could have caused tip treat for the worst signs look for clues such as pale skin cyanosis flushed skin fast slow weak or irregular pulse abnormal breathing smell such as alcohol swelling deformity symptoms ask the casualty how they feel do they have pain where is it can they describe it does anything make it worse or better when did it start how severe is it does the casualty have any other feelings such as sickness dizziness feeling hot or cold hunger or thirst sample sample can be used to remember some important things to ask the casualty s signs and symptoms how do they look and feel a allergies do they have any m medication are they on any p past medical history do they have any l last meal when and what e event history what happened the casualty's eyes looking into a casualty's eyes without making them feel uncomfortable as you speak to them may also assist you in figuring out if something else could be wrong or if their condition is much worse than you originally thought do they appear to have difficulty focusing or seeing clearly do their eyes appear to be working normally this is something you may check even after a head injury look for irregularities such as pinpoint pupils unequal pupils dilated pupils to toe check next check the casualty from head to toe protect their dignity and ask permission if possible wear disposable gloves and don't move them more than necessary so how do you perform a head to toe check head to toe check number one head and neck has the casualty had an accident that might have injured the spine assess the breathing is it fast or slow shallow or deep difficult or normal assess the pulse is it fast or slow strong or weak regular or irregular check the size of the pupils are they equal check the whole head and face clues to injury could be bruising swelling deformity bleeding or discharge from the ear or nose number two shoulders and chest compare opposite shoulders and collarbones are the signs of a fracture ask the casualty to take a deep breath does the chest move easily and equally on both sides does this cause pain look for injuries such as stab wounds or bleeding number three abdomen check the abdomen for abnormality or response to pain look for incontinence or bleeding do not squeeze or rock the pelvis numbers four and five legs and arms ask the casualty if they can move their arms legs and all the joint without causing pain check each limb for the signs of a fracture deformity or bleeding number six clues look for clues such as medic alert bracelets needle marks medication etc loosen tight clothing have a reliable witness if you check or remove items from pockets or bags avoid this if you suspect there could be sharp objects such as needles caution if the casualty is unconscious it is vital that you continually monitor and protect the airway breathing and circulation until emergency help arrives let's recap in order to perform a head-to-toe check you should check number one the casualty's head and neck area number two the casualty's shoulders and chest areas number three the casualty's abdomen area number four and five the casualties legs and arms number six for clues such as medic alert bracelets needle marks medication etcetera if you've done a primary survey and established that your casualty is unresponsive but breathing normally they should be placed into the recovery position to help maintain the airway to do this kneel next to them on the floor remove their glasses and any bulky objects in their pockets but do not search their pockets for small items make sure both of the casualties legs are straight then take the arm nearest to you and place it at a right angle to the body with the palm facing upwards like so take the other arm and bend across the chest and place the back of the hand against your cheek nearest to you and hold it there with the other hand lift the far knee up until the foot is flat on the floor once keeping the cousin's hand press against your cheek pull on the far leg and carefully roll the casually towards you and onto this side like so once you've done this adjust the top leg so that it is at a right angle tilt the castle's head back so that the air remains open if needed adjust the hand under the cheek to help to keep the airway open if it has not already been done call 999 or 112 for emergency help keep checking the level of response onto help arrives so remember if the casualty stops breathing at any time call 999 or 112 and prepare to give them cpr and that's how you place someone in the recovery position if this video has been helpful to you help support saint john ambulance by going to sj.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] when someone has a spinal injury the greatest risk is their spinal cord may be temporarily or permanently damaged if a casualty has suffered an abnormal force to the neck or back and is complaining of changes in sensation or difficulty in moving they could have a spinal injury you must take care not to unnecessarily move their head neck or spine some of the following incidents could indicate a possible spinal injury they could have fallen from a height such as from a ladder fallen awkwardly when doing gymnastics from diving into a shallow pool and hitting the bottom a collapsed rugby scrum fallen awkwardly from a horse or motorbike they could have experienced sudden de-acceleration in a car had an injury to the head or face or had a heavy object fall across their back if you suspect someone has a spinal injury there are several key things to look for they may have pain in their neck or back where the injury occurred have bruising and tenderness in the skin over the spine an irregular twist in the normal curve of the spine have breathing difficulties loss of bladder and or bowel control they may lose control of their limbs may lose sensation or have abnormal sensations such as tingling or burning or their limbs feel stiff heavy or clumsy if you think they have a spinal injury reassure the casualty and advise them not to move call 999 or 112 for emergency help you should then kneel or lie behind the casualty's head rest your elbows on the ground or on your knees to help keep your arms steady hold each side of their head with your fingers spread so their ears are not covered and they can still hear you support their head in this position so the head neck and spine are aligned while you support their head ask a helper to place rolled up blankets towels or clothes on either side of the casualty's head make sure you continue to hold this position until emergency help arrives do not move the casualty from the position that you have found them in unless they are in immediate danger and it's safe for you to do so monitor their level of response until help arrives if they become unresponsive at any point prepare to treat an unresponsive casualty so remember if you suspect a spinal injury reassure them and call 999 or 112 don't move them support their head and neck until help arrives and that's how you help someone with a spinal injury if this video has been helpful to you help support syndrome ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] shock is a serious life-threatening condition that happens when vital organs in the body are not getting enough blood flow and this can lead to failure of these organs and the heart shock can be caused by anything that reduces the circulation or blood flow such as severe bleeding which you may be able to see or it may be hidden and internal if the heart is unable to pump blood around the body after problems like a heart attack severe heart disease or heart failure loss of bodily fluid following severe vomiting diarrhea or severe burns after a severe allergic reaction or severe infection and following a spinal cord injury these conditions may all lead to life-threatening shock when someone is in shock they may have a fast pulse pale cold or clammy skin sweating fast shallow breathing grey blue skin especially inside the lips weakness and dizziness nausea and possible vomiting first as the shot becomes more severe they may have a weak pulse that you may not be able to feel restless and aggressive behavior gasping for air they may become unresponsive to treat for shock you need to try to reverse the cause of shock if you find severe bleeding or serious burns try to treat these whilst reassuring the casualty help the casualty to lie down if possible try to lie them down on a rug or blanket as this will help protect them from the cold raise and support their legs above the level of their heart as this will increase blood flow to the head and vital organs but if the casualty has an injured leg do not raise it if the casualty is pregnant help them to lie with their body leaning towards their left side to prevent obstruction of blood flow returning to the heart if you haven't done so already call 999 or 112 tell ambulance control that you suspect shock once you have called for emergency help you can then loosen any tight clothing around their neck chest and waist stay with the casualty and keep them warm by covering them with a blanket or coats try to reassure them and keep them calm keep monitoring their level of response if they become unresponsive open the airway check their breathing and prepare to treat someone who isn't responsive so remember if you think someone is in shock treat the cause of shock lay them down and raise their legs call 999 or 112 for emergency help loosen any tight clothing and keep them warm and calm monitor their level of response and that's how we treat shock if this video has been helpful to you help support such an ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] when bleeding is severe it can be dramatic and distressing if someone's bleeding isn't controlled quickly they may develop a life-threatening condition called shock and they may become unresponsive building from the mouth or nose may affect their breathing so try to ensure that the airway is kept clear obstructed airway can be a cause for a casualty to become unresponsive if the casualty becomes unresponsive at any point open the airway and check their breathing and prepare to treat an unresponsive casualty to treat someone with a severe bleed put gloves on if you have them as this will help to protect your board from infection if the wound is covered by clothing remove or cut the clothes to uncover the wound is there an object in the womb if there is don't pull it out because it may be acting as supply to reduce the bleeding instead leave it in and apply pressure on either side of it to push the edges together if there is no object in the wound apply direct pressure on the wound with your fingers and use a sterile dressing or clean non-fluffy pad to stop the bleeding if you don't have a dressing ask the casualty to apply direct pressure themselves to stop the bleeding jenny can you play some pressure from me please brilliant excellent well done ask a helper to call 999 or 112 for emergency help or if you're on your own use a mobile on speakerphone so you can keep treating the casually tell the emergency services where the bleeding is coming from and the amount of bleeding the casualty may develop shock so help them to lie down on a blanket or rug if there's one to protect them from the call ways to support their legs so they are above the level of their heart do not raise the leg if it is injured johnny can i let you down next it's going to feel like is it okay secure the dressing with a bandage that is firm enough to maintain the pressure but doesn't cut off the circulation okay just going to apply the stress into the plate okay i'm gonna take your hand away okay okay hold up for me excellent check the circulation by pressing a nail bed or skin beyond the bandage for 5 seconds release the pressure and if the color does not return within 2 seconds the bandage is too tight if blood shows through the dressing don't remove it just apply a second bandage on top i can add this if blood shows through both dressings remove them and apply a fresh bandage ensuring there is direct pressure applied at the point of bleeding support the injured part with a sling or bandage but check circulation every 10 minutes keep monitoring the casualty's level of response while waiting for help to arrive so remember when treating severe bleeding wear gloves if available remove or cut away any clothing from around the womb check for objects in the womb but don't remove them apply pressure on either side of the wound if there's no object in the room use a dressing or pad and apply direct pressure to the wound call 999 or woman 2 for emergency help secure the dressing with a bandage treat the casualty for shock support the engine area keep checking their level of response while waiting for help and that's how we treat someone with a severe bleed if this video has been helpful to you help support syndrome ambulance by going to sj.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] if after performing the primary survey you find someone who is unresponsive and not breathing normally call for help ask one to call 999 or 112 and ask them to bring an aed if one is available while you begin cpr immediately if you're on your own maybe call yourself idi by using a mobile on speakerphone so that you can begin cpr as soon as possible you will need to start with chest compressions kneel down beside the casualty's chest place one hand center on the chest and place the heel of your other hand on top and interlock your fingers to lift them off the ribs lean over the casualty with your arms straight and press down on the chest to five to six centimeters release the pressure allow the chest to come back up without removing your hands from the chest repeat this to give 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 beats per minute this is quite fast to help you keep pace you can sing staying alive after 30 chest compressions you need to give rescue breaths if you have not been trained or unwitting or unable to give rescue breaths continue with chest compressions only on to help arise or the casualty becomes responsive to give rescue breaths make sure the airway is open by tilting the head back with one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin pinch the soft part of the nose and allow their mouth to fall open take a deep breath and seal your mouth around theirs blow steadily into their mouth give it a rescue breath in about one second their chest should rise remove your mouth from theirs and watch their chest fall give them two rescue breaths like this continue to alternate 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths if someone can help you perform cpr you can swap over every one to two minutes with minimal interruption to chest compressions if there is someone there who can help if they have brought you an aed ask them to turn it on and follow the instructions while you continue cpr continue cpr until emergency help arrives and takes over the cases starts to show signs of becoming responsive they start breathing normally or opening their eyes or you become too exhausted to continue if they do start with anomaly again place them in the recovery position monitor them and prepare to start cpr again if necessary so remember if you come across an adult who is unresponsive and not breathing normally call for help ask a caller to call 999 or 112 for emergency help and ask them to bring an aed if you're on your own may the call yourself ideally by using a mobile on speakerphone so that you can begin cpr give 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths continue giving 30 compressions and two rescue breaths onto help arise or they become responsive if an aed is available continue cpr while the instructions from the device are followed by your helper and that's how we perform cpr if this video has been helpful to you help support st john ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] if after performing a primary survey you find a child who is unresponsive and not breathing normally call for help ask someone to phone 999 or 112 and ask them to bring an aed if one is available while you begin cpr immediately if you're by yourself and do not have a speakerphone start cpr with five initial rescue breaths then 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths for one minute before calling for help to give rescue breaths open the airway by tilting the head back with one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin pickle any obstructions from their mouth to clear the airway only if you can clearly see something keeping the head in this position pinch the soft part of the nose allow their mouth to fall open take a deep breath and seal your mouth around theirs blow steadily into their mouth giving a rescue breath in about one second the chest rise remove your mouth from theirs and watch your chest fall give them five initial rescue breaths at about one breath per second like this to do chest compressions knead them but a child beside their chest place only one hand on the center of the chest lean over the child with your arms straight and press down vertically one third of its step release the pressure allow the chest to come back up without removing your hand from the chest repeat this to give 30 chest compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 beats per minute this is quite fast and to help you you can sing nelly the elephant which can help you to keep up with the pace after 30 chest compressions open the airway and give them a further to rescue breaths continue to alternate between 30 chest compressions and two rescue breaths until help arrives if you're on your own and don't have a speakerphone stop after one minute and call 999 or 112 for emergency help if a mobile phone is not available and you have to move to get a telephone take the child with you if you are able do not leave the child to look for an aed the emergency services will bring one with them if there is someone there who can help if they have brought an aed i'll simply turn it on and follow instructions while you continue cpr if they can help you perform cpr you can swap over every one to two minutes with minimal interruptions to chest compressions continue cpr until emergency help arise and takes over the child starts to show signs of becoming responsive they start breathing normally or opening their eyes or you become too exhausted to continue if they do start breathing normally again put them in the recovery position so remember if you come across a child that's unresponsive and not breathing normally call for help tell a helper to call 999 or woman to straight away are not sent to bring an aed give five initial rescue breaths then 30 chest compressions followed by two rescue breaths continue giving 30 chest compressions to two rescue breaths until help arrives or the child starts to breathe and that's how we perform cpr on a child if this video has been helpful to you help support saint john ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] if you ever find your baby is not responding to you you will give them the best chance of survival if you know what to do if you have found your baby unresponsive and not breathing normally you'll need to perform baby cpr call for help ask a helper to call 999 or 112 for emergency help use a mobile speakerphone if you're on your own so you can start cpr as soon as possible if you're on your own and you don't have a speakerphone you need to do cpr for a minute before you can call for help place them on a firm surface and open their airway with one hand on the forehead gently tilt their head back with your fingertip gently lift the chin to open the airway pick out any visible obstructions from the mouth and nose step one is puff take a breath put your lips around your baby's mouth and nose and make a seal blow gently and steadily for up to one second the chest should rise remove your mouth and watch the chest fall that's one rescue breath or puff do this five times step two is pump or chest compressions put two fingers in the center of your baby's chest and push down a third of the depth of the chest release the pressure allowing the chest to come back up before pressing back down again repeat this 30 times at a rate of 100 to 120 pumps per minute this is quite quick after 30 chest pumps open the airway and give a further two puffs continue to alternate between 30 chest pumps and two puffs if you're on your own and don't have a speakerphone stop after one minute and call 999 or 112 for emergency help if a mobile phone is not available and you have to move to get to a telephone take the baby with you keep repeating 30 pumps then two puffs until help arrives or they become responsive so remember if your baby is unresponsive and not breathing call for help ask a helper to call 999 or 112 for emergency help if you're on your own use a speakerphone and start cpr as soon as possible if you don't have a speakerphone do cpr for a minute before calling for emergency help give five initial puffs covering both the nose and mouth then 30 chest pumps with two fingers to the center of the chest continue cpr with 30 pumps and two puffs until help arrives and that's how you do baby cpr thanks for watching help support st john ambulance donate today [Music] an aed is a life-saving device that can give your heart an electric shock when it has stopped in a cardiac arrest a d is short for automated external defibrillator an aed can be used on adults on children over one year old using an aed in crucial minutes before numbers arise can increase someone's chance of survival anyone can use an aed you don't need to be worried about getting it wrong or causing harm because the machine analyzes the character's heart's rhythm and then gives visual or voice prompts to guide you through each step if someone is unresponsive and not breathing normally ask someone to call 999 or woman 2 for emergency help ask them to bring an aed if one is available if you're alone make the emergency call yourself on a mobile phone or speakerphone and start cpr with chest compressions do not leave the casualty to look for an aed keep doing cpr until someone brings an aed as soon as the ada arrives asks for it to be switched on while cpr is continued it will immediately start to give you a series of visual and verbal prompts informing you of what needs to be done if someone is with you ask them to follow the instructions until emergency help arise call for help now remove all clothing from patient's chest pull red handle to open bag look at pictures on pads peel one pad off blue plastic apply pad to bare skin exactly as shown in the picture press pad firmly heal other pad off blue plastic apply pad to bare skin exactly as shown in the picture evaluating heart rhythm stop compression susan stand back stand by everyone everyone clear do not touch patients shock delivered provide chest compressions and rescue breaths the aed will instruct you to continue cpr for two minutes before it re-analyzes the aed could say no shock advice continues cpr if you carefully show signs of becoming responsive place them in the recovery position leave the aed attached continue to follow the voice and or visual prompts that the machine gives you until help arise so remember when using an aed call 999 or 112 for emergency help continue giving cpr when the aed arrives and keeps going while the paths are applied if possible ensure that the paths are placed on the chest after cover has been cleared or cut away ask for the id to be switched on and follow the instructions ask people to stand back when the ada is analyzing and where any shocks are being delivered and that's how you use an aed if this video has been helpful to you help support saint john ambulance by going to sj.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] burns and skulls are damaged to the skin caused by heat a burn is usually caused by dry heat and a scold is caused by wet heat you need to stop the burning by cooling the burn as soon as possible this will decrease the severity of the injury if someone has a severe burn they may develop shock which is a life-threatening condition and they will need to get to the hospital as soon as possible there are five signs which may be seen when someone has a burn or scald red skin swelling blisters on the skin peeling skin or the skin may be white or scorched if someone has a burn or scold move them away from the source of the heat to stop the burn getting any worse then start cooling the burn as quickly as possible place it under cool running water for at least 10 minutes or until the pain feels better don't use ice gels or creams as this could damage the tissue and increase the risk of infection if the burn looks like a serious burn or it's to a child it's larger than the size of the casualty's hand it's a burn to their face hands or feet or if it's a deep burn then call 999 or 112 for emergency help if possible get someone to do this for you while you continue to cool the burn or use a speakerphone if you're on your own gently remove any jewelry or clothing near the burn unless it's stuck to it when the burn has cooled cover it lengthways with cling film get rid of the first two turns of film and then apply it lengthways over the burn use a plastic bag if you have no kitchen film this will protect the burn from infection never burst any blisters which may have formed as this may increase a risk of infection do not use ointments or fats to treat the burns as this may increase the risk of infection special burns dressings and gels are not recommended you may also need to treat the casualty for shock so remember when treating burns and scalds move the casualty away from the heat source place the burn under cool running water for at least 10 minutes if it's larger than their hand a deep burn they're a child the burn is on their face their hands or their feet call 999 or 112 for emergency help treat them for shock if necessary and that's how you treat a burn or scold if this video has been helpful to you help support st john ambulance by going to sja.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] [Music] if you think someone has had a head injury there are six key things you may find they may have become unresponsive even for a short time they may be a scalp wound they may complain of dizziness or nausea they may have memory loss of events at the time of the injury or before the injury occurred they may come with a headache they may be confused if you are worried about someone who has had a head injury you should get medical advice with someone who has had a severe head injury you may find that they have had a severe blow to the head unresponsiveness or a deteriorating level of response leakage of blood or water fluid from the ear or nose unequal pupil size if a casualty has any of the signs of a severe head injury seek emergency medical help to treat someone with a minor head injury sit them down and give them something called to hold against the injury like an ice pack or frozen vegetables wrapped in a cloth amy can you just put the engine thank you so much assess the level of response using the avpu scale ask yourself a is a casualty alert are the eyes open do they respond appropriately to commands v does the casualty respond to your voice can she answer simple questions p does a casualty only respond to pain if you pinch the earlobe do they open the eyes you are the they unresponsive to any of the above if they can respond normally the head injury is probably minor keep monitoring their level of response breathing and watch for any changes treat any scalp wounds like a bleed by applying direct pressure to the wound when the cause has recovered ask a responsible person to monitor and look after them if a counselor has sustained an injury to the head whilst playing sports do not allow them to return to the sport until they have been fully assessed by a medical practitioner advised to seek medical advice if their condition gets worse over 65 they've had previous brain surgery they're taking anti-clotting medication they've been drinking or taking drugs or if there's no responsible person to look after them if you check their level of response and they're not alert and so you think that they've had a severe head injury call 999 or woman 2 for emergency help and tell them that you suspect a head injury if you can use a speakerphone so that you can continue to treat the casualty whilst making the call for help if they are responsive but within normally falling a head injury opened the airway in the position that they were found just in case they have sustained a spinal injury as well this is to reduce further movements to the neck call 999.112 for emergency help continue to monitor the levels of response while waiting for help to arrive if you think someone with a minor head injury is getting worse they may show these signs increased drowsiness persistent headache confusion dizziness difficulty walking difficulty speaking vomiting double vision seizures if you're concerned call 999 or 112 for emergency help and monitor their level of response so remember when treating a minor head injury sit them down treat any scalp wounds and check their level of response if they have a severe head injury call 999 or 112 for emergency help and that's how we treat someone with a head injury if this video has been helpful to you help support saint john ambulance by going to sj.org dot uk forward slash donate [Music] you