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hi I'm dr. Seth Jenny and we are going to discuss research study justification and implications so we're talking about empirical research peer-reviewed research journal articles how do the author's justify that article and the research that was conducted and how are the implications listed and what's the importance of these two items some of this information is taken from how to critique journal articles in the social sciences by Harris 2014 so how do researchers justify the topic they choose to study typically this is done in the introduction where they're talking about past research what is currently known about that topic and they typically move from general discussion of the topic down to specific what is the purpose of the study and right - usually directly before the purpose statement you know the aim of this study was to or the purpose of the study was to you might see a term a gap in the literature exists and then they discuss what is not known about that particular topic whether that is a validation of what was studied or not that is up to the reader but I encourage you to whenever you're reading a journal article ask yourself did did they make the case is that the point of the introduction were you compelled to to feel you know what after reading this introduction yeah this study was needed and it's important so that was one way to try to evaluate whether the justification of the study was was clearly articulated by the authors next do researchers maximize or minimize the impact their articles could have so the one thing you want to think about and I'm sure that a lot of people don't want to read journal articles because some of them are written in such language that it is highly articulate and it's using the academic language of the field and so it intimidates people when we use this quote-unquote big words and so there's different types of works and there's different type of types of journals that are put out and so some of them are more technical than others in I'll show you an example of what you might call a practitioner journal where they are written you know a little bit higher level than a magazine but the the work is cited it's research evidence-based but it's written at a level where people in the field can actually use that information boots on the ground immediately from what the information they get from that article so the other thing that I want you to do is next time you read an academic journal article is to see is the significance of the results of that study and we're talking about primary research where there's participants and there was actually data collected and they have a results section in a discussion section and a conclusion do they have a clear-cut significance this research or this study was important because and sometimes that is embedded within the discussion when they're talking about those sub points sometimes it is in the conclusion embedded within the conclusion and other times it's a standalone subheading even within the conclusion section and so I'd like to show you a few examples of that now so let's take a look here's a study that I conducted it was a case study and here's the conclusion section and if we scroll down sometimes what you'll see in some articles is where they might in the conclusion have one or two sentences about the implications and so if we scroll down here where we can see this implication section why is it important is one two three four five six paragraphs and there was even citations embedded within that let's close that all right now here is what you would call a practitioner article this is in a peer-reviewed journal Journal of physical education recreation and dance also known as Jo perd article that I wrote this is written at a level in which practicing physical education teachers cross-country track coaches school administrators people who are doing recreational programs YMCA workers can read this comprehend it and embed the information that they glean from it directly into their job and their practice and so you can see a lot of subheadings bulleted points tables to help emphasize certain points so here's specific for the different age groups how often they should be running what would be the distances recommended very clear-cut and then here are actual lesson plans provided that people can use when they're doing different distance running activities with elementary age children so you can see a lot easier to read than a technical journal article bulleted points for people to easily get information from you know this could be another word for the you know practical application tips for practitioners types of thing here's this almost a mini case study relating to someone who is you embedding and using some of these strategies discussed in the article so that's a practitioner article here is an example of a peer-reviewed journal article in which the implications are embedded within the can without a subheading so here's the start of the conclusion and if we scroll down we're in the second paragraph of the conclusion and then you start see the start of the third paragraph the analysis of athlete's identity and social capital for eSports in the current study presents potential for several practical implications for athletics administrators and coaches as well as eSports athletes and traditional student athletes FYI eSports our competitive video gaming so let's see how long this implications is we have one paragraph two paragraphs three paragraphs it's a long one so three paragraphs to finish off this article on implications of this study and this the complete article as you see up here well actually it's off the screen but it's 21 pages here's another peer-reviewed journal article in the Journal of contemporary athletics paper I co-wrote here the appropriateness of and legal implications of employer-sponsored dodgeball and kickball events and so if we scroll down through got the abstract introduction which is actually a fairly short introduction but it continues on on the appropriateness of dodgeball and kickball in society but then if an employer requires employees to participate in a dodgeball or kickball event for camaraderie purposes what are the legal implications of that and so that's almost half of the paper are the legal implications of employer sponsored dodgeball and kickball events and we go through a few different court cases and in happenings in the focus is on workers compensation from injuries that may occur during some of those employer sponsored kickball events and then risk management issues that may arise for that and so I want to finally go through here's a paper that I found that I struggled to find the implications that were clear-cut in this paper I'm not going to show you the the authors and the title of it but when you look at the conclusion section and you read through it it primarily just reiterates what the results were with very little practical implications of what was found and then it goes straight into the limitations in future research so that would be one of the area where these authors could have strengthened this paper by making it very clear and potentially even having a subheading within the conclusion what are those practical implications why is this study important and why the results of this study important for the greater good so in conclusion the next time you're reading through a journal article take a look to see how what's the impact of it and is it achieving maximal impact is it written in accessible language is it just written for other academics or is this a practitioner type of piece where people can easily clean off information from it and use it and does it explicitly address and discuss what are the implications for practice and for people within that career field