Electronic signature Presentation for IT Computer

Note:The terms ‘electronic signature’ and ‘digital signature’ are often used interchangeably. However, the primary differences between ‘electronic signature’ and ‘digital signature’ are linked with signature laws and regulatory requirements.How do digital signatures work?The signature software leverages a public key algorithm to generate two keys that are mathematically linked: one private and one public. In order to create a digital signature, the software then creates a one-way hash of the electronic data to be signed.When a user signs a document online, he/she leverages the private key to create a signature. On a general basis, the private key remains under the sole control of the owner. This private key is used to encrypt the hash.The encrypted hash, along with other information, such as the hashing algorithm, together forms a digital signature.How digital signatures help validate integrityThe value of the hash is unique to the hashed data. Any change in the data, even by a single character, will result in a different value. This attribute enables users to validate the integrity of the data by leveraging the signer's public key to decrypt the hash.If the decrypted hash matches a second computed hash of the same data, it proves that the data hasn't changed since it was signed.If the two hashes don't match, then it is a clear indication of the fact that either:(i) the data has either been tampered with in some way (integrity) or(ii) the signature was created with a private key that doesn't correspond to the public key presented by the signer (authentication).

In the U.S., ticking a checkbox routinely is considered evidence showing that a user has accepted online terms and conditions. (Please see Online Terms can be Binding, even if You don’t have to Click!)This is, indeed, similar to a signature on a hard-copy contract being evidence showing that a party has agreed to that contract.

Litecoin is the best Altcoin to posses. It is the fastest rising cryptocurrency after bitcoin.3 Reasons to Buy LitecoinWe've entered the age of digital currency. Bitcoin has gone from relative obscurity to being a household name. In December 2017, the coin smashed its way through the $19,000 barrier like an angry bull in a china shop.Bitcoin’s dominating presence tends to drown out its contenders. But there are actually quite a few other digital currencies that investors should pay attention to, too.Of these, a handful is poised for dynamic growth. And we published this report to talk about one of the most promising: Litecoin.In 2017, Litecoin skyrocketed alongside many of its digital currency peers, hitting highs near $400 before retreating because of regulatory pressure from many countries.Litecoin was the third currency that investors could purchase on popular digital currency exchange Coinbase. And now, a hyped-up digital currency public has some questions:What is Litecoin?How is it better than Bitcoin?How do you invest?Over the course of this report, we answer those questions. And we start at Litecoin’s humble beginnings...What Is Litecoin?In October 2013, former Google engineer Charles Lee introduced the world to a new altcoin: Litecoin.The coin was introduced as the silver to Bitcoin’s gold, and Lee promised that the digital currency would fix many of Bitcoin’s problems.At the time that this report was written, Litecoin has a market cap of over $9.67 billion. And Litecoin’s technology makes it one of Bitcoin’s most aggressive competitors. If you evaluate the two currencies from the surface, they could be twins because they share dozens of valuable characteristics.Like Bitcoin, Litecoin was created to provide a peer-to-peer transaction system. It allows individuals to make payments or transactions anywhere in the world with relatively low fees.And like Bitcoin, Litecoin is decentralized. There's no centralized authority, building, or headquarters for it. The currency flows freely on the internet.What this means is it's far more secure than paper currency. Because no government can regulate or overproduce it, Litecoin’s value rests in the hands of the people.Like almost all digital currencies, litecoins are produced through a process called “mining.”Miners use computers to process Litecoin transactions, which are presented as algorithms that the computers must solve.When the computers solve the problems, more litecoins are added to the network and the miners are rewarded with their shares.There is a fixed amount of litecoins in the world — the volume of litecoins can never exceed $84 million. After we signNow that point, the currency has the ability to be broken down into minute payments.The mining process and the currency’s finite cap shield Litecoin against hyperinflation.Bitcoin, like Litecoin, also has a finite supply, is produced by mining, and is a money for the people. That being said, there are some ways in which Litecoin is different from Bitcoin...And it's from those differences that Litecoin gleans its value as a digital currency...Why Litecoin Is UniqueBitcoin was the first digital currency in the world, and that has given it a leg up on the competition. But Bitcoin’s early arrival is also the source of many of its shortcomings.Today, the developers behind major digital currencies have identified Bitcoin’s weaknesses and have altered their currencies to fix the issues.This means that even though Bitcoin was the first one to use certain technologies — specifically a groundbreaking technology called blockchain — the currencies that followed might use the technology more efficiently...1. The Better BlockchainBlockchain technology is the foundation of all digital currencies. Envision it like this...Every time a transaction or exchange happens in a digital currency network, the information involved with that transaction is recorded in a “block.” Each of these blocks is added to the continuously growing blockchain.Anyone on the network has access to the information in the blockchain. This means that transactions are public knowledge, even if the users remain anonymous. Users are only tied to the transactions taking place on the blockchain through an electronic signature that offers a fair degree of anonymity. This framework also makes digital currency very secure.Even though both Litecoin and Bitcoin use blockchain technology, Litecoin has a far faster transaction speed with a transaction being confirmed every 2.5 minutes, compared to the 10 minutes it takes to confirm a Bitcoin transaction.This appeals to both users and merchants who want faster transactions.With Litecoin, you get both security and speed.And this speed just kicked up a notch.On May 10, 2017, Segregated Witness (SegWit) was activated in the Litecoin blockchain. SegWit is the process in which blocks in the blockchain are made smaller by the extraction of signature data from transactions.This process allows Litecoin to process lightning fast payments.The first of these payments happened on May 11, 2017. Money was sent from Zurich to San Francisco in under a second.But Litecoin is valuable because of more than just its speed. It also has widespread consumer appeal...2. A Love of Rounded NumbersIn the world of digital currency, the number of coins that can exist is finite. There can never be more than a certain amount of bitcoins in the world, and the same applies to litecoins. But the total amount of coins that can exist varies by digital currency.This actually works in Litecoin’s favor. Litecoin will eventually have more coins on the market than Bitcoin. And that appeals to consumers who want a simple, effective digital currency.A study by Dr. Judith Holdershaw, a senior lecturer at Massey University, concluded that 57% of retail shoppers opt for a product with a rounded price. Even more telling, 4% of those customers paid more just to round up the price. The proof is in the pudding: People like to pay with full numbers.This could explain our aversions to pocket change and loose bills.Because there will be fewer bitcoins in circulation, they will have to be broken down into decimals. That means you will end up paying 0.002 BTC for a cup of coffee.Since more litecoins can be on the market than bitcoins, it's more likely that people will be able to buy commodities with whole numbers...3. Simpler AlgorithmOutside transaction speed and volume, there's another key difference between the two currencies: the algorithms.For those of you who are completely new to digital currency, digital currencies are composed of codes.In the case of Bitcoin and Litecoin, those codes use two different algorithms.Bitcoin uses the SHA-256 hashing algorithm, and Litecoin uses a scrypt-hashing algorithm.Now, both of these algorithms are powerful. But over the years, the SHA-256 has made it more and more complex to get bitcoins through the mining process. Bitcoin miners have to employ increasingly complex technology to extract a relatively small amount of bitcoins.Litecoin’s scrypt-hashing algorithm makes it easier for miners to access the system.And the simplicity of Litecoin mining could actually steal Bitcoin miners. It's true that Bitcoin is worth signNowly more than Litecoin, but most Bitcoin mining is carried out by supercomputers. The algorithms have become too hard for everyday miners to crack.This means that many miners who are tired of struggling over Bitcoin may end up transitioning over to Litecoin...How to InvestIt's clear that Litecoin will be a powerful digital currency. Of course, it’s still too early in the game to speculate on what tender will win the digital currency race.In fact, there could be no winner. The future financial system could operate through the use of dozens of digital currencies. And Litecoin will likely be one of them.

That is not a term I have see used in real life.I offer the following from HG.org on Information Technology Law:What is Information Technology Law?Information technology law provides the legal framework for collecting,  storing, and disseminating electronic information in the global  marketplace. Attorneys practicing in this area of the law represent  individuals and businesses from all different industries. They help  structure information technology transactions in a way that maximizes  the client’s economic benefit while ensuring regulatory compliance. A  great deal of emphasis is also placed on anticipating potential sources  of dispute between the parties to a transaction, and crafting agreements  that address these concerns, thereby reducing the risk of litigation.When disputes arise in the field of information technology that cannot  be resolved outside of the court system, a lawyer specializing in these  types of cases can prove a powerful advocate compared to a general legal  practitioner. Information technology law firms tend to hire lawyers  with practical experience working in the industry prior to entering the  legal profession. With such a background, a lawyer is more effective at  explaining technical concepts to a judge or jury, and he or she will  likely have contacts within the industry that make finding consultants  and expert witnesses less difficult. Clearly, information technology law  is a niche practice. Those looking to hire an attorney should bear this  in mind.Software Licensing IssuesBusinesses often change or update their operating software in an effort  to keep pace with technology. Switching software programs can lead to  greater profitability, but it can also present any number of legal  pitfalls for unsuspecting business managers. For example, a typical  software licensing contract will contain provisions relating to  performance warranties, installation and troubleshooting, user training,  limited liability and indemnification of the vendor, infringement  disclaimers, payment and finance terms, and more. Despite the complexity  of these agreements, some software company representatives purposefully  wait to provide a copy until shortly before the sale closes.Owners and managers who find themselves presented with a licensing  agreement that they do not completely understand should resist pressure  from the sales representative to sign the document with little or no  time for meaningful review. Any “deadline” imposed by the vendor is  likely nothing more than a high pressure sales tactic. There is simply  too much at stake in the event the software fails to meet the needs of  the business. The wisest course of action is to demand additional time,  and hire an information technology attorney to analyze the contract and  to point out terms that should be negotiated.Data Privacy and SecurityMuch of the litigation that occurs in the field of information  technology results from enterprises failing to keep customer and  employee information secure. Now that it is primarily stored in digital  format, sensitive information is susceptible to theft on a scale  unimaginable in previous generations. Hackers and other cyber criminals  routinely target financial institutions, e-commerce websites, and  ordinary businesses, sometimes gaining access to thousands of customers’  data all at once. This can lead to various legal claims, from  government enforcement actions to class action consumer lawsuits.Companies that have any presence on the internet should act proactively  to avoid these problems. Information technology lawyers are available to  audit security systems and policies, and to recommend any necessary  changes. If a bsignNow has already occurred, an experienced legal team can  represent companies in investigations by the FTC or state attorneys  general, and defend against civil litigation brought by private parties.  Data privacy and security issues can arise at any time. To succeed in  today’s business environment, it is critical to stay ahead of the curve  and make safeguarding digital information a priority.Electronic Signature LawsAnother growing area of concern for many businesses involves electronic  signatures. Like digital storage, electronic signature software has the  potential to dramatically streamline operations for businesses willing  to embrace new technology. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid  compromising sensitive customer data and/or violating government  regulations on the subject. With respect to electronic signature laws,  business owners should be aware of at least the following two pieces of  legislation: the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act (UETA), and the  Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act (ESIGN).Nearly every state has adopted UETA in some form, while ESIGN was passed  at the federal level. Together, these laws allow companies to replace  traditional paper signature documents with electronic forms. Customers  can agree to contractual terms with the click of a computer mouse,  speeding up the turnaround time for a transaction considerably. However,  UETA and ESIGN require businesses that use electronic signatures to  comply with rules relating to customer consent disclosures, record  retention, and document reproduction capabilities. Again, engaging an  attorney to conduct a compliance review in this area is highly  recommended.

All documents require different different modes of proof in the eyes of law. Some documents like wills , powers of attorney etc mandatory require that they should be witnessed by two major witnesses . Some documents which do not fall in this clause and still be enforceable can be oral contracts or agreements in which case the onus of proof will be tough and surrounding circumstances and evidence should be strong to corroborate the same such as putting forth the reason as to why the same was oral and was not penned down and witnessed . Surrounding circumstantial evidence like proving the passing of consideration  has to be strictly proved as agreements and contracts without passing of consideration are void. For a safe agreement and contract the same should be in writing on appropriate value of stamp paper as prescribed in the state where the same is executed and the same should be witnessed by at least two witnesses and preferably got attested by a Notary Public so that the same may be more authentic as the Notarial attestation carries sanctity to the same which is accepted all over the world. Agreements and documents executed on plain paper are also acceptable in evidence . But to be read in evidence all documents so to be read in evidence are to be exhibited by the person who has executed or witnessed its execution. At the time of exhibiting the same in evidence the opposite party can raise an objection on account of non stamping or under stamping of the same. But this short coming can be legally got sorted out by depositing a penal amount on the unpaid or deficient stamp duty that it should   Have been written on. Here I would like to bring to your notice that short coming of deficiency of affixing stamp duty as required by the applicable under the law where the same is executed  can be covered in case of all documents except the stamp duty applicable in a Demand promissory not which defect can not be rectified under the provisions of any law in force. And this objection can be entertained at any stage of the litigation and the same shall be up held.

I think you buy those other coins at your own peril. Litecoin went from a high of over $300 and then crashed with all the others. Only bitcoin is regaining a major share of its previous high. Litecoin recovered up to $140 and was supposed to do well with the halving. The only ‘halving’ occurred on its price as it is now in the $70’s. (now $65) Its manager said no new development has been going on for months now.XRP is an investment ‘joke’ as it is designed to be a stable coin so how will that appreciate for you in the future? It had a high of $3 and now less than a tenth of that. 10% recove...

Any industry involving a large amount of paperwork make use electronic signatures. In other words, all industries make use of electronic signatures because all of them have piles of paperwork to handle. Some examples of such industries include financial, life science, healthcare and pharmaceutical industries.Industries such as the pharmaceutical industry, have a number of licenses and other paperwork that they have to handle and keep track of. It can be a tedious task to perform such cumbersome paper processes. Therefore, e-signatures can facilitate an organisation in keeping a track of all this paperwork, by signing electronically.Healthcare industries usually involve time-sensitive documents, which need to be urgently completed. But, it can take days in case of the traditional wet ink paper signatures for the documents to signNow the signer and back, if the parties are geographically scattered. But with electronic signatures, that is not the case. Geographical barriers do not play a role. Documents which earlier needed days to be completed, can now be signed and sent back within minutes, in the click of a button. Furthermore, it takes a long time to bring assets under management. The time taken by the signing process, if wet ink paper signatures are used, may even further delay the process. But by using electronic signatures, the whole process can speed up.Apart from these, there are many paper prone industries which require huge amount of paperwork and with the use of electronic signatures they can make their everyday processes smoother and more efficient.

In which areas of advanced military technology is the US behind some other countries?Thank you for the A2A.This is an incredibly difficult question and almost impossible to answer accurately.First of all much of the cutting edge military technology tends to be secret to varying degrees. By technology we can think of things like “missile technology” or “rocket propulsion technology” etc.The entire category of the technology being secretThe entire subcategory of a technology being a secretThe specific system/technology project being a secretThe details of a system/technology being a secretThe details of a system/technology being based on estimatesThe full details and operating principle of a system/technology being fully knownI will answer with what comes to my mind and I might miss some things and get others wrong but I’ll try.For instance we have air to air missiles. Europeans are currently developing Meteor missile which signNowed initial operating capability (IOC) less than a month ago.What is publicly known is that the missile has a ramjet propulsion system and can signNow speeds of over 4 mach.According to MBDA, Meteor has three to six times the kinematic performance of current air-air missiles of its type. The key to Meteor's performance is a throttleable ducted rocket (ramjet) manufactured by Bayern-Chemie of Germany.[11]Meteor (missile)Here’s an article claiming that Meteor is in fact the best air to air missile.The Best Air-to-Air Missile in the World Is in Sweden — War Is BoringAssuming this public information is correct and I don’t see why it wouldn’t be - Europeans are ahead of US at the moment with their air to air Meteor missile which was developed over concern for Russia’s R-77 Vympel ramjet missile and according to some sources Meteor missile was built to “wipe the table clear of all opposition”.M777 howitzer is actually designed by BAE (UK).It was immediately widely adopted by US Army and US Marine Corps as well as Canadian Army and Australian Army.The lighter weight and smaller size allows the M777 to be transported by the MV-22 Osprey, CH-47 helicopter or trucks with ease to provide increased mobility and more compact storage over the M198. The minimal gun crew required is five, compared to a previous nine. [4]M777 howitzerAMOS mortar system is joint design by Sweden and Finland.AMOS or Advanced Mortar System is a 120 mm automatic twin barrelled, breech loaded mortar turret. AMOS has been fitted to a wide range of armoured vehicles, such as the Sisu Pasi, Patria AMV and Combat Vehicle 90. The Swedish Navy originally planned to fit AMOS to the CB90 assault craft, but found that it was too small to carry it. Instead, a project to develop the larger Combat Boat 2010 was launched specifically to carry AMOS.When fitted to a vehicle, both GPS- and inertia positioning are used. The electronic fire-control system utilises digital maps. The twin barrelled AMOS is able to keep up rate of fire of 12 rounds per minute. Using its computer controlled MRSI feature (multiple rounds simultaneous impact) it is possible to set up a burst of up to 16 rounds that hit the target simultaneously.[2]AMOSGotland class attack submarine originates from Sweden.It is said to be the world’s quietest submarine.The Gotland-class submarines of the Swedish Navy are modern diesel-electric submarines, which were designed and built by the Kockums shipyard in Sweden. They are the first submarines in the world to feature a Stirling engine air-independent propulsion (AIP) system, which extends their underwater endurance from a few days to weeks.[2]On the water surface, the submarine is powered by two sets of MTU engines. While submerged, the Kockums-built Stirling engine AIP system is used to drive a 75-kilowatt(101 shp) generator for either propulsion or charging the batteries. A Stirling engine is particularly well suited for a submarine because the engine is near silent and can use the surrounding sea water as a heat sink to increase efficiency. Submerged endurance is dependent on the amount of liquid oxygen stored on-board and is described as "weeks". The class is characterized by its low acoustic signatures, extreme shock resistance, and a competent combat system.[2]This capability had previously only been available with nuclear-powered submarines.Gotland-class submarineThe secret to the world’s most silent submarineArcher Artillery System is also from Sweden, it’s dubbed as the world’s fastest howitzer.It uses a Swedish howitzer system that has far superior performance against for instance the M109.The system is designed for high strategic, operational and tactical mobility. The vehicle can signNow road-speeds of up to 70 km/h, is capable of traversing snow up to a depth of 1 meter, is rail transportable and can be air-transportable in the new A400M aircraft. A large hydraulically operated stabilizer is installed in the rear of the chassis and is lowered with the vehicle in the selected firing position. The gun elevation and traverse ranges are 0° to +70° and −75° to +75°. The initial deployment time and the redeployment times are each less than 30 seconds. The system provides precision strike and high sustained firepower for support and for deep firing operations with more than 25 t of ammunition per gun and 24-hour operation. The howitzer has a continuous fire rate of 75 rounds per hour, an intensive fire rate of 20 rounds (i.e., a full magazine) in 2.5 minutes (effective rate, 480 per hour), and a salvo fire rate of three rounds in 15 seconds (effective rate, 720 per hour). The MRSI capability, multiple round simultaneous impact, is up to 6 rounds. Direct-sighting can be used for target ranges up to 2,000m.Archer Artillery SystemHaubits FH77And this one.. Leopard 2A6. I’m sorry, almost everyone I respect has the authority says it is superior to the beloved Abrams. It’s developed in Germany.It is said that it’s tungsten penetrators have superior accuracy and velocity and superior penetration capabilities due to tungsten’s higher melting point in comparison to depleted uranium.Leopard 2Prathamesh Kulkarni noted BrahMos, ramjet equipped supersonic anti-ship cruise missile developed by India and Russia and in use with Indian forces.It is the world's fastest anti-ship cruise missile in operation.[12][13]The missile travels at speeds of Mach 2.8 to 3.0.[6]The land-launched and ship-launched versions are already in service, with the air and submarine-launched versions currently in the testing phase.[14]An air-launched variant of BrahMos is planned which came out in 2012. A hypersonic version of the missile, BrahMos-II, is also presently under development with speed of Mach 7 to boost aerial fast strike capability. It is expected to be ready for testing by 2017.[15]BrahMosThere may be more but I can’t come up with any at the moment, I may update this answer if I have the time and come up with or am recommended new systems and technologies.Things like Electronic Warfare systems etc. are hard to compare, they’re being developed around the world and especially Europe has a very competent high technology cluster that offers a serious rivalry to any US based companies while struggling with but a fraction of the funding that the US ones receive.Luckily for Americans and Europeans we’re all friends and we’ll sell each other anything we can make better than the other - provided they’ll want to buy it that is. Sometimes it is chosen to buy domestic just to support the industry.There are a lot of technologies and systems used by militaries and everyone has a finite budget to study and develop them. Besides, there’s no telling where the next genius of an engineering mind is born next. Pakistan? China? India? Nigeria? Indonesia? Brazil?They might already be immersed into countless engineering sites online and imagining whole new technologies and solutions. But which of them is hired and given funding?PS. USA, watch out, Sweden is coming!