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hi and welcome back to mr. Raymond's civics Sol Academy where today we will be looking at documents that influence the Constitution of the United States the Constitution which we will look at in greater detail in our next video was written in 1787 and this is the document that lays out how the national government is set up and what powers it has the framers or the people who helped write the Constitution look to earlier documents to get inspiration for how the government should be set up and more important what ideals and liberties should be provided for the people and this brings us to our benchmark which describes how for your exam you need to demonstrate how the charters of the Virginia Company the Virginia Declaration of Rights the Declaration of Independence the Articles of Confederation and the Virginia statute for religious freedom all helps create a foundation of ideas and principles for the Constitution to be built upon so we're gonna walk you through those ideas but before we do just a reminder teachers that this PowerPoint lesson plans worksheets activities are all available at Teachers Pay Teachers just by clicking the link below in the notes or by going to teacher paid teachers and searching for mr. Raymond's civic COC Academy so let's look at one of our first documents the charters of the Virginia Company of London in America the first colonies actually started out as companies these were money-making ventures with investors and stockholders beginning with the Virginia Company which established the first permanent settlement in Jamestown in what is present-day Virginia in the year 1609 this quote/unquote company was created with the permission of King James the first of Great Britain and the people who settled there were therefore considered British subjects these first charters established the rule that people who lived in the areas controlled by the Virginia Company which originally was most of the east coast of the United States would have the quote/unquote rights of Englishmen the same rights as anyone born in England so what were the corner quote rights of Englishmen well the British were widely known to provide more rights to their citizens than most nations around the world and many of these rights date back to a document called the Magna Carta in 1215 the rights that Englishmen enjoyed at this time included trial by jury freedom from unlawful imprisonment protection from unreasonable seizure of property and the idea of no taxation without consent now all of these ideas and protections would later find their way into the Constitution over 150 years later the colonies actually enjoyed more than just the rights of Englishmen as they were separated from Britain by an ocean they were really able to set up their own governments and rule themselves for the most part but starting in the 1760s after a war known as the French and Indian War or the Seven Years War the British started to crack down and deny many of these rights including the rights of Englishmen to people living in the colonies and this made the colonies very mad in 1776 after fighting between the colonists and the British had already broken out with the Battle of Bunker Hill Lexington and Concord Virginia's drafted the Virginia Declaration of Rights a comprehensive list of liberties and rights including the right to change or abolish any government that was taking away these rights again this document would serve as a model for some very important documents that were to come including the Declaration of Independence and the US Constitution especially its Bill of Rights the first 10 amendments added to the Constitution the Virginia Declaration of Rights written by George Mason contained a lot of the same language and ideas that Thomas Jefferson would include in the Declaration of Independence much of which was inspired by enlightenment philosophers like John Locke the Enlightenment being a period of advancements in thinking and culture during the 16 and 17 this was a time where philosophers began to write about how governments could be better in the Virginia Declaration of Rights George Mason says that quote all men are by nature equally free and independent well Thomas Jefferson said that quote all men are created equal unquote George Mason writes that man has certain inherent rights including life and liberty while Thomas Jefferson in his famous line writes that mankind enjoys certain unalienable rights that among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness many of the ideas and rights for the Virginia Declaration of Rights can also be found in the Constitution especially the Bill of Rights written fifteen years after this document for example we can find in both documents freedom of the press and religion no unreasonable search or seizure no cruel and unusual punishment rights that continue to play an important role in America today that same year in Philadelphia the Second Continental Congress assigned a group including Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin and John Adams to draft the Declaration of Independence a document declaring that we would no longer be part of Great Britain officially throwing the United States into the Revolutionary War and on the path to becoming our own country the Declaration of Independence continues to be one of the most important and well-known documents ever written elegantly describing what this new country was setting out to be in a document explaining why we would no longer be part of the old system of governing the most famous section of this document is often referred to as the natural rights section where Thomas Jefferson proclaims that all men are created equal this simple idea seems obvious to us today but at the time this was a radical statement in a country where slavery existed even on the farm of the man who wrote these words and in a country in a world where women had almost no rights these words served as a goal rather than a statement of fact Jefferson also claimed that all men should enjoy the rights of life liberty and pursuit of happiness describing these rights as unalienable which means that these are rights that could not or should not be taken away by governments the document also contains a long list of complaints known as the grievances section aimed towards the king of England for violations of our liberties including the fact that quote he the King ravaged our coasts and burned our towns and destroyed the lives of our people he quartered large numbers of soldiers among us cut off our trade with the rest of the world taxed us without our consent denied us trial by jury and took away our colonial legislatures and courts or our ability to govern ourselves this long list of grievances or formal complaints announce to the world why we were declaring our independence from Great Britain now as the United States was establishing itself as a new country we would need a new national government and this leads to our next document that you need to know for your exam the Articles of Confederation this document was written to establish a national government for this new United States and bring together these thirteen independent states which had been functioning almost like 13 little countries all under the power of one central government the Articles of Confederation was the first constitution for this new national government and a constitution is a document that sets up all the powers and structures of how a government operates think of it like a rulebook or a blueprint for the government the need for this new national government was especially urging as the United States was now fighting a war against the most powerful nation in the world Great Britain and Wars require strong central planning and governing however these 13 independent states were used to ruling themselves and we're declaring their independence against a government that they felt was too demanding and powerful so they created what is known as Confederation fence the Articles of Confederation which created a weak national government in which the states would maintain most of the powers of governing in the Confederation the states or regional governments tell the national government what to do not the other way around now the Articles of Confederation which in the end would prove too weak to rule these United States did provide some powers for this new national government it created a legislature and you will learn that a legislature is lawmaking body in America we call ours Congress this allowed Congress to coordinate the war efforts against Great Britain and it could sign treaties or agreements with other countries which would allow the u.s. to gain the help of France in defeating the British but compared to our government today this legislative Congress was the only branch of government set up by the Articles of Confederation there was no president or executive branch and there was no Supreme Court or federal courts to make up the judicial branch with no executive or president there was no one to enforce the law and this would turn out to be one of the big weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation it doesn't do a government much good in passing laws if there's no one to enforce them and the other huge weakness was that the Articles of Confederation did not allow the national government to collect taxes taxes being one of the big reasons we declared our independence from the British to begin with this would prove disastrous to our war efforts as General George Washington's troops would find out here pictured freezing and Valley Forge many men without shoes or food to eat a few years after the United States had won their independence representatives met in Philadelphia to solve these problems and decided that a new constitution and therefore a new national government with more powers was needed here's those representatives at the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but before we look at this new constitution there is one more document you need to know we're almost getting there and this was written a year after the Articles of Confederation and that is the Virginia statute of religious freedom drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1777 their tradition of religious tolerance in America is extremely strong as many as the first settlers came here seeking freedom to practice religion the way they saw fit however that didn't mean that there was absolute freedom of religion from our founding after all Rhode Island was founded out of a religious dispute in the Massachusetts Bay Colony as more and more people emigrated to the United States and more faith established themselves here many States sought to establish religious policies Virginia laid out a document providing freedom of religion for all of its inhabitants and as we were no longer going to be part of Great Britain with their established Anglican Church Jefferson and others at the time look to separate the relationship between the church and the government freedom of religion would be guaranteed throughout America twelve years later with the drafting of the Bill of Rights with its First Amendment guarantee that not only would citizens have the right to practice religion without interference from the state but the government would not establish or favor one church over another while religion still plays an important role in our country and some would say our government their tradition of religious tolerance can be found in official doctrine dating back to the Virginia statute of religious freedom so finally let's take a brief look at the Constitution the document builds on the foundation we describe today and as we'll be looking at this document in much more detail in upcoming videos this will be a brief overview the US Constitution was written in 1787 and ratified a year later and this overturned the Articles of Confederation this document set up the new federal government as we know it today with three branches the legislative called Congress which makes laws the executive branch headed by the President to enforce the law and the judicial branch headed by the US Supreme Court to interpret the law the famous first three words of the US Constitution We the People helps lay out one of the themes of this document and our government and that is that all citizens should enjoy equality under the law and this is a theme that the state wants you to remember for your test the Constitution and federal government also have a principle known as majority rule in which whatever side gains more support and more votes they get to rule our country however we also have a tradition of minority rights and protections to keep the majority from taking advantage of the minority after all in our system the side in the minority today could very well be the majority tomorrow the Bill of Rights the first ten amendments to the Constitution was added two years after the Constitution went into effect and this document laid out a list of protections from the government for the people the first amendment provides our basic freedoms freedom of speech religion assembly petition and the press and these protections allow us to express ourselves and at times our displeasure with the government these protections are the bedrock of our Liberty and sadly these are rights that far to many people around the world are still not guaranteed the state also wants you to know for your test that the Constitution and the Bill of Rights are what provides individuals with quote worth and dignity and provides all of us with equality under the law and that's a good place for us to pick up next time as we're going to be talking about the preamble to the Constitution but before we do let's review what two documents covered were drafted by Thomas Jefferson two famous ones the Declaration of Independence you definitely need to know the Virginia statute of religious freedom a document he was very proud about in fact it's one of three things that are on his tombstone more important to him than even being the president of the United States which documents guaranteed quote rights as Englishmen this is from the beginning do you remember the charters of the Virginia Company remember we started as companies which document created the fur national government remember documents that set up the government are called constitutions our first one is the Articles of Confederation that's our first constitution and our first government this document listed grievances against the king of England remember this explained why we were declaring our independence the Declaration of Independence stated that all people should enjoy what three rights do you remember these life liberty and the pursuit of happiness this document listed rights that all Virginians should enjoy the Virginia Declaration of Rights remember it it inspired our Bill of Rights this document established the principle of freedom of religion it's right in the name they're the Virginia statute of religious freedom what did the Constitution do well remember the Constitution is like a blueprint for the government it sets up the government what are some of the principles in the Constitution there's a lot of answers you could give for this remember for your state exam they want you to know majority rule minority rights equality under the law also what we talked about in our last video with consent of the governed and rule of law there's a lot of possible answers for that what does the Bill of Rights provide to the people well it provides really protection from the government but your test wants you to know individual rights individual dignity and worth now here's the state practice test question why were the charters of the Virginia Company of London important was it a that they created a federal court system be they established a national banking system see they guaranteed the colonists rights as Englishmen or D they stated the colonists grievances against the English king I know that last ones the Declaration of Independence yes if you said C you are correct and that is it thanks for watching guys up next we're going to be looking at the preamble to the Constitution so be sure to subscribe just a reminder teachers that this PowerPoint with worksheets lesson plans and additional activities and resources are available at teache s pay teach just search for mr. Raymond civics Academy again thanks for watching guys