Document type sign rfp florida safe
- [Steve] Hi. This is Steve Worona, and you're listening to
Campus Public Safety Online from the National Center
for Campus Public Safety. Before I introduce today's session, here's a brief orientation to the Adobe Connect
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to a brief evaluation survey requesting your reactions and
comments on today's session. Please take a minute to
respond to that survey when the link arrives. We do appreciate your feedback. And now for our presentation. CPTED is Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design, an approach to deterring crime
using environmental design and by creating a safer
physical and built environment. We're talking buildings,
roads, parking lots, lighting, access control,
maintenance, windows, entrances, signage, landscaping,
sidewalks, and more. Today, we're welcoming
two experts in the field to tell us what CPTED is all
about and why it's of value and how your campus can
adopt CPTED principles and deploy its own CPTED action plan. Ed Book currently serves
as the chief of police, college emergency management coordinator, and behavioral intervention team chair at Santa Fe College in
Gainesville, Florida. He's an adjunct instructor in the organizational management program and teaches to public safety recruits. Ed retired from the
Gainesville Police Department as the district commander and captain and has more than 32 years of experience as a law enforcement official. Ernie Long is a career
crime prevention specialist, first certified in 1983 while employed as a police
officer in New Jersey. He served as a patrolman,
detective, and sergeant, and after obtaining a bachelor's
degree in criminal justice, he became an investigator
for the state of New Jersey. Ernie currently serves as the treasurer of the Florida Design
Out Crime Association and as crime prevention coordinator for the city of Aventura. Ed Book and Ernie Long, welcome to Campus Public Safety Online. Ed, I believe you're
gonna kick things off. - [Ed] I certainly am,
and I thank you so much. Thank you to the National
Center for Campus Public Safety for hosting this webinar. Both myself and my co-presenter
this morning, Ernie, are very, very passionate about both the umbrella of crime prevention, and more importantly, this concept under that
umbrella that we call CPTED, Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design. So thank you to NCCPS. And we are presenting this morning on behalf of the Florida
Design Out Crime Association. As we are sitting in the
studio doing the webinar, they actually are having
their quarterly meeting about 100 yards from us and watching as part of this particular presentation. It's also important to note that we have several
best practices partners that are with us this afternoon, and you can see them here
on this particular slide. My host institution, obviously, Santa Fe College in Gainesville, Florida. We welcome the National
Crime Prevention Council, the National Institute
of Crime Prevention, an association of Florida
colleges which today has a brand new less than one year
old Campus Safety Commission which unites our colleges
and best practices related to safety and security, and the Campus Security Report, which is a periodical which
we're so happy to be a part of. So thank you to all of those, and for putting out this information. So what are we talking
about this afternoon? I hope for all the higher
educational professionals that are across the nation today, before we dive into
this thing called CPTED, we need to take stock for a moment of what our comprehensive
safety looks like at all our individual institutions, what it looks like on
your particular campus. Often, our campus
community is very unaware of the vast array of programs that help make our
environment safe for everyone. That's as true at Santa Fe College as I think it probably is for other higher education professionals. Well, this is a snapshot of my institution and what we teach in orientation our students and staff
and faculty and visitors. And we cover these things
so that they understand, and this is only a snapshot,
what we have in store for them and what they are a part of. It's the great umbrella
of comprehensive safety. And then we explained their critical role in all of these things. Well, CPTED, as you can see
in that lower right corner, is a piece of comprehensive
safety at our institution, and that's what we're focusing on today. The key for professionals
on the webinar is, what does your institution look like and what are you telling
your staff and students about the array of things that help make our institutions prepared? My co-presenter, Ernie, when
he speaks to organizations always talks about this
interesting concept. CPTED as a formalized concept
is only about 45 years old, but when you look at this moat, and this happens to be a
snapshot of Fort Delaware, that goes back hundreds
and hundreds of years. So CPTED and target hardening and the things that make our facilities and our infrastructure
and our buildings safe were well in place a long time
before we started teaching it and talking about terminology. So you look here at this moat, and you see soldiers did
not even probably realize that the concepts in place,
water preventing entry, defined entranceways, and
we'll talk about that, windows or portals that you can see from all different sides, something we call natural surveillance, fencing and brick to protect everyone, and good natural sight lines were in place even back there with Fort Delaware. We always define. Whenever we're doing something, we always define what
we're speaking about. And this is the acronym. All acronyms stand for something. In this case, CPTED is Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design. Really, the more
institution-friendly term for this is designing out crime. And it's always important to provide a couple of different
specific leaders in the field. You have a couple leaders in the field, and their definitions and what this means. This will probably be the only thing we read to the audience. Proper design and effective
use of the built environment, built environment, focus on that, can lead to a reduction in the
fear and incidence of crime and an improvement in the quality of life. What we're saying here, and this person who we've
cited, T. Crowe, Timothy Crowe, is basically one of the founders of CPTED, is that the physical
environment can be manipulated, the physical environment
can be manipulated to produce behavioral
effects which reduce crime. What are we saying there
for higher education? How we build and design our campuses can go a long way towards
how people act and behave while they are here. One other we talked about at the beginning about how CPTED is under this
umbrella of crime prevention. And we're not gonna spend much time here, but what we want you to understand is, you can have something, for
example, like a neighborhood where they have Concertina
wire and a guard shack and armed guards. And potentially, you see
comically here, helicopters, and all the different aspects that target harden, make invulnerable our different neighborhoods, and for that matter,
our different campuses. But the reality is, CPTED is complementary to target hardening and also goes a long way to making sure that we have a safe environment. When you look at this bottom photo of a dilapidated neighborhood, this is the opposite of what we want our campuses and higher ed
institutions to look like, and you're gonna see many photographs of many different campuses in the slides over the next few minutes. Important that crime in the term Crime Prevention Through
Environmental Design really puts the burden and
the focus on law enforcement, and CPTED is way more
broad than law enforcement. If there was a term we
could remove from there, it would be that, because it makes people
think about law enforcement, and the reality is, we all, whether we're students
affairs professionals, counseling, financial aid, administrators, higher ed, you name it, we all can deal with Crime Prevention
Through Environmental Design. In any concept, you have terminology. Now, our focus is not
on the terminology here, but these are the terms that Ernie, as our crime prevention coordinator, is gonna speak with you. You can be familiar with the terms, but more important than that
is understand what they mean for the manner in which we can
change our built environment. So here they are. I'm gonna read them, and then we're gonna let Ernie take over and explain the ins and outs
of what you're looking at as far as comprehensive safety. Natural surveillance, access control, territorial reinforcement,
place maintenance, activity generation, and obviously, even when you talk about
the built environment, if you don't start with people, you're not gonna get very far. So with that, I'm gonna
let Ernie take it away. - [Ernie] Thank you, Ed. We're gonna talk about
natural surveillance. And don't get hung up
on all the definitions, because I had to sit
through this class twice in order to understand CPTED. So it's pretty easy once
you figure out the concepts. People, legitimate users of a space, like to see and be seen by other people. Now, bad guys are different. They require privacy to
carry out their activities. Our job as CPTED practitioners is to deny them the privacy they need to carry out their illegal activities. If a bad guy sees something he wants, the first thing he does is look around to see if anyone is watching. If someone is watching, they go elsewhere. There are lots of ways
to increase surveillance. Locating activity
generators in parking lots, using convex mirrors to
increase your visibility, trimming the bushes and trees,
and lighting up the area. Surveillance increases the
chance the bad guy will be seen and makes legitimate
users more comfortable. Ed likes to say, "Put eyes on the prize," and I kinda like that term, so I'm gonna steal that from him. Next part is access control. Oh, I'm sorry. Natural surveillance. This slide, what can you see? Now, if you look at the
top, left hand corner, you'll see windows are open
into the students' area so that you can always look out. There's always a possibility
someone can see you. You look at the little gazebo,
you see no ambush points. There's no place for a bad guy to hide. The picture in the center
is your grounds maintenance, and it's very, very important
that you talk to them because they're out there every week cutting the grass, trimming the bushes. But if you don't tell them
how they have to be trimmed, they're not gonna know. This is where you need to involve them in your whole program. The upper right hand corner, you can see good sight
lines to the entrance, so anybody inside the building can see what's coming at them. Access control. Now, the concept of
access control is simple. If you control access to an area, you can control crime in that area. Access control is accomplished
with fences, gates, and anything that directs
people into and out of areas. It is said that criminals
are pack animals. They like to enter an
area, commit the crime, and leave by a different route. Making them enter and
leave by the same route puts the bad guy off balance. A lot of neighborhoods, I
think it started in Tampa, experience 30 and 40 percent reductions in residential burglaries by making their neighborhoods
one way in and one way out. Reducing access reduces crime. On the slides for access control, you can see a college campus
in the upper left hand corner. Sidewalks clearly defined. No low hanging shrubs to hide behind. On the lower left hand corner, you see trees, curbing,
crosswalks, things that indicate where people are supposed
to cross and walk. Upper right hand corner,
curbings are marked. Streets wide open. Lower right, crosswalks. Now, crosswalks are always a challenge. We're working on them
constantly to improve them. Final concept I'm gonna talk about today is territorial reinforcement,
and I know that's a mouthful. Let's keep it simple. Think ownership. Areas that show ownership
tend to be better cared for than areas that appear abandoned. Always make sure your
property shows ownership, because if you don't own
it, someone else will, and it may not be someone you like. And the city of Aventura,
we show ownership by marking everything with our logo. Bus benches, trash cans, and every other light pole in the city has our seal and our banner on it. We do that for two reasons. One, we're kinda showoffs and
are very proud of our city. Two, we want everyone to
know that this is ours and we take care of it. Visitors and residents alike
take more pride in the area, and that reduces problems. Ownership influences people's behavior. Territory reinforcement. You see the upper left
hand slide is a fence. And that's what we call a CPTED fence because you can see in and out of it, and that's the only type
of fence that we allow in the city of Aventura. Make sure that if you use fencing for territorial reinforcement that you don't use a stockade fence that you can't see through 'cause you're gonna make more problems with that type of fencing
than you're gonna relieve. In the upper right hand corner, you see Santa Fe College has marked pretty much everything on their campus. We were walking over here today and the trash cans are marked,
the flagpoles, everything. It's a good thing. Lower left, you see a parking area and you see the trees are
trimmed to the proper height so that there's no hiding spots. In the lower right hand corner, you see the entrance sign
for Santa Fe College. It's an informational sign. It's one of those you are here signs. Prevents you from getting lost, lets you know where you're at. It's also called wayfinding. - [Ed] So I think where
we're at at this point, I thank you, Ernie, is
Ernie has talked about three of those key
terminology concepts of CPTED, and I think it's probably
appropriate to break here if the NCCPS staff would like us to do so and give the opportunity before we move into a couple of very much more
intuitive types of concepts as it relates to designing out crime on our higher education institutions. - [Steve] Thank you, Ed. You are listening to Campus
Public Safety Online, and today we're hosting
Ed Book and Ernie Long. We're talking about CPTED, designing safety on higher ed campuses. If you have a comment or a
question for Ed and Ernie anytime during this presentation,
type it into that space at the bottom of the
questions and comments pod on the left side of your screen. We've got a couple of breaks planned, and we will be asking those
questions to Ed and Ernie. One of the questions that actually came in during the registration process, guys, somebody wonders if there
are any certifications related to CPTED. Who wants to take that one on? - [Ed] There actually is. Now, we can say that, as it
relates to credentialing, there is no one particular
organization that does that and that's the be all, end all. However, you're gonna
see in one of our slides, for example, in the state of Florida, if you're in the southeastern region, we have the Florida
Attorney General's Office, which provides a Crime Prevention
Training Institute, FCPTI. And that institute provides
formalized training. Both Ernie and I are actually what we call practitioners of CPTED,
so that's an example. That's one credentialing organization. Another credentialing organization, there are some private organizations. One of our partners today, NICP, the National Institute
of Crime Prevention, provides training and actually goes all over the nation and does that. So it's an excellent question. And there is many organizations
if you put in CPTED that will provide you formalized training and perhaps a certificate that
then goes along with that. - [Steve] Can you talk about CPTED as it applies to crosswalks and sidewalks? - [Ernie] We've had some challenges. This is Ernie Long. We've had some challenges with crosswalks because we have to educate the public on what the purpose of the crosswalk is. We've had a lot of problems
with them in Aventura where people would be
running over our signs. We started off putting signs
in the middle of the road that said this was a crosswalk
and to stop for people, and then guys started
running over the signs. And now we've taken that and
put flashing lights on the side that people activate when
they walk up to the crosswalk. Again, keeping the area
clear, keeping it well marked. Those are all things
that increase the safety of those intersections. - [Steve] Matt Lebens
wonders if you have thoughts regarding the open view classroom concept as it relates to active
shooters or armed intruders. - [Ed] It's a fantastic question, and it's one that we wrestle with the advantages and disadvantages of basically being able to lock down classrooms and offices
and administrative space and balancing that with the fact that we want people to have
access to those, obviously. We're an open access institution, and universities and
colleges have campuses where, other than dorms, which typically do have
lockdown capabilities, you balance some things. So what's very important to think about as it relates to active shooter
or active threat response, that's obviously a huge trend
in higher ed these days, is think about what you're
teaching your staff. Two specific curriculums
that are very well available, one is free, that's Run, Hide,
Fight, that was put together by the Department of Homeland Security. Many institutions use
that, and it talks about how you secure your classroom space and your administrative space during that. And it gives you opportunities
if you can't lock down how to, for example, barricade. Another one that's a paid
vendor that's very popular, especially in K through 12, is ALICE, and again, that's an acronym, A-L-I-C-E. That typically has more justification in some of the lower grades, but these are two programs that deal with how you're securing your space
when facing an active threat. - [Steve] Let me squeeze in one more question during this break. Does labeling of light
poles, university signs, wind up being graffiti
generation locations for random tagging? - [Ernie] I would like very
much to talk about graffiti. Thank you. The key to controlling
graffiti, in any situation, is quick removal of that graffiti. Now, I drive around the
city of Aventura every day, looking for tags and things like that that people have put up
on poles and trash cans and things like that. We remove it immediately,
and you'd be amazed at how little it comes back
to that same location again. What we've found is that you can drive anywhere
in Miami Dade County and see graffiti in just
about every city except one, and that's the city of Aventura. The key to it is quick removal. You're gonna get graffiti. People are gonna try it because
they wanna put it up there and then show all their friends. Well, if they put it up there and they come back the
next day and it's gone, the incentive to put it back
up there drops to nothing. So we've been very, very
successful with quick removal. - [Ed] Graffiti, I have to recognize that Ernie in one time had told me that the difference between
graffiti and public art, and ironically, we're
gonna talk about this here in just a couple of slides, is permissions. So that's a very important
distinction because, for example, on my
college, we have public art and we have people who draw and paint and do chalk art on the sidewalks, but we have problems with it
when they are not permitted. - [Steve] Okay. Ed and Ernie, thanks. Keep those questions coming. We won't lose them. But in the meantime, we're
gonna let our speakers get back to their
presentation at slide 15. - [Ed] All right. Well, thank you very much. So these last two concepts are ones that, whether you have terminology
that explains or not are much more intuitive,
meaning they're things that we probably see and do every day or think exudes that concept
of safety and security and makes something feel cared for. And yet, we've got some
terminology that goes with it. So one is this place
maintenance term that you see. That, by the way, for those educated higher
institution personnel, that's a Princeton
University campus photograph. Almost all the photographs, like I said, in this presentation are
various higher ed campuses. And what this says is,
if it's well maintained, if it gives the appearance to criminals that the institution is cared for or watching out for each
other, crime is low. Opportunity to do bad and
nefarious things is low. When you show a campus like this and you use a strategy of
ensuring that it's kept up, it's maintained, it's well
cared for, people are invested in that particular
institution on their campus, you will have less opportunity for people to feel like
they can do something, steal, for example. Theft is the number one crime, the number one what we
call uniform crime report, crime on all higher ed campuses. Well, if they don't
feel that they can steal because people are not leaving things and it's not dilapidated, we
showed a picture about that, opportunity reduces, crime reduces. The campus is safer. What I'd like you to
think about is this term called the Broken Window
Theory of policing, and what that means is, in a nutshell, if you fix the little things, big things will tend to go away. We showed a preceding picture that dealt with boarded up windows, high grass, unpainted surfaces. And all that does is tell
somebody nobody cares, and that provides the opportunity
for someone who comes in to do something that we
don't want them to do. Well, it's the same
thing with our campuses. Pick up. Ernie's favorite line that we stole here, trashy areas attract trashy people. And realize, place
maintenance is nothing more than the examples we've provided here, being litter free, putting
fresh coats of paint, having well maintained
landscaping and shrubbery, obviously, we've already
spoken about graffiti, and putting items in their place. So let's look at a couple of
examples of place maintenance. I can tell you I took the
photos from my campus, and they're not staged photos. People often overlook at our
higher education institutions facilities, staff, and ground crews and
student affairs staff, people who are very familiar
with their campuses. They know what's going on. Look at these photographs. You have great sight lines,
for example, for shrubbery. You can see under or over those things. There's a picture here, and
if we were to blow this up, you would see public art. Public art, again, is not graffiti. They are permitted. There's a picture of a sidewalk. That sidewalk is simply showing that it looks like it's clean, and it is. I don't think that it's any one of our particular person's jobs as we're walking down a campus
to pick up a piece of trash, but I know if President Sasser, who happens to be at my institution, walks down the sidewalk, I've seen him grab trash
and throw it in the garbage. That is my job. My job is to make sure that
our environment is cared for and we're utilizing place maintenance. Even the garbage cans, garbage cans and garbage
receptacles should be clean. There shouldn't be trash all around them. If there is, somebody needs to get that trash into the trash can. And then there's a picture
right in the middle here, which would be the opposite
of place maintenance. If a person can hide behind it and create something
we call ambush points, we may have a problem. And here's the last concept. And again, it's another intuitive concept and one that I think is really interesting and I didn't understand
for a long period of time. And what this says is, put safe
activities in unsafe places. Now, even if you have a safe campus, what you wanna do is take things
like public art and murals. These are campus photographs right here. Put water features. Schedule special events. Use your bus depots to bring people around to that particular area. Look at book drops. Look at ATM machines. Where are these items? Activity generation says, where you put things, people will come, and you want those things
where you want people to be. It makes it very difficult for someone to be undetected in an area. So let's look at a couple of examples. Only one of these photographs
is not from Santa Fe, but I think there was a question that had been submitted
to us in advance about, for example, bike theft. That's the bane of many campuses. Well, if you put bike racks and you don't hide them behind buildings but you put them, for
example, adjacent to roads, there may be the
disadvantage that that means somebody can pull up. But the advantage is, most of the people are not interested in taking that bike. They see the activity. You can watch it. Here in this particular case, it's right next to an
entranceway to a campus. You've put the bike racks where other people are doing other things. If the bike racks are well maintained, they don't detract from your campus. Here are some other activities. A library book drop is open 24 seven. Well it's in, in this particular case, it's in a roadway right next
to a Natural Sciences building, and if you were to see
a big picture or cutout, it's next to a police department. The middle photograph is
a bike repair station. We put it right near where
some of our bike racks are, and the amount of people that
utilize this simple thing, it's an activity generator, is staggering. This ATM machine, make sure you put them where people can see them. This ATM machine is right
next to our book store so that we don't have someone
going at one in the morning to an isolated ATM machine. And we talked about bus depots. So these are the two things
that we had talked about, place maintenance and activity generation, and now we're gonna rapidly go through just some further examples of CPTED and design out crime skills, and for that, Ernie's gonna flip through several concrete examples. - [Ernie] Thanks again, Ed. This is Ernie Long. We're gonna test your CPTED
and design out crime skills. I'm gonna show you some pictures
and let you look at them and start thinking about them. On the upper left you see a before picture and an after picture. Now, what I noticed when I looked at this, first thing I saw was the
shopping cart in the lower left. Shopping carts are a problem everywhere, and you have to pick them up because they do make
the place look trashy. But you notice that they
moved the trash cans over to a different location. Where you locate a trash can or a dumpster can be problematic, because
you take out the trash pretty much the same time, and somebody could be out
there waiting for you. On the right hand side,
you see the improvement. They put up a new fence. They've moved the trash cans over so they're not a hiding place anymore. And they've done some
painting, cleaning, fixing up, that sort of thing. On the lower left, you see a streetscape. And it's just a regular street. It looks like it's Gainesville. Was it? Ed, no? And you see that they've increased the amount of sidewalk there. They made it more pedestrian friendly. They've put a banner on the pole identifying what city it is. There's probably a city seal. On the corner, they put some bollards in, which gives you a safety zone if you're getting ready
to cross the street. Plenty of pedestrian space. Fresh paint on the building. They've cut the grass, trimmed the bushes. It looks much nicer. In the next pictures, you
see on the left hand side, upper and lower, is a doctor's office, let's say a medical office. In the first picture, there's no signage. If there is signage, it's behind that big bush
there by the front door, and you can't see the
front door very well. The landscaping is all wrong. It obscures the building. Now, I'm not anti-tree, but I do think that you need
good, clear sight lines. And then on the lower left corner, you see they've put up a sign. They've trimmed the bushes. You can now see the front
door, which is a focus point. You'll be able to tell where
you have to enter the building. It makes it much more pleasant. Now, in the upper right hand corner, you see an apartment building, and if you look down the
lower right of that picture you'll see the unofficial sidewalk that pedestrians have put in there. They've actually worn a
path through the grass. - [Ed] That's actually a dorm at one of our higher education campuses, so I thought that was
important to point out. - [Ernie] Okay. Looked to me like an apartment building. All right. In the lower right hand corner, you'll see they've put a fence up to define who has that property. They've put a little, looks
like a bus shelter in the front. They've got a mailbox set up there. They've improved the
landscaping tremendously. They actually added more landscaping. Parking close to the
building, and a sidewalk. But there's plenty of things that have improved that property. And they went really whole
hog on that particular project and really did a nice job on it. Now, in the upper left hand
corner, you see bollards. Now, what I try to teach everybody is that you always try to separate
pedestrians from vehicles, because the first time Mom
comes to pick up her kids with the latte in one hand and
the cell phone in the other steps on the brake or the gas
instead of the brake, you're gonna have a tragedy
instead of just a wrecked car. You see the second picture has
got a bunch of trash in it. The bench is a CPTED bench, so you keep people from
sleeping on that bench. If you know there's a problem, you avoid the problem in the first place, that's the whole concept of CPTED. Now, in the very right picture, now, that's an area on
Santa Fe Campus, right Ed? - [Ed] Yes, sir. - [Ernie] And I like it. I like the way it looks over the ... You've got people that can sit there. But Ed tells me the problem is that's a flat top on that wall
and that they can sit on it. So sometimes you can actually
build a problem into an area if you're not thinking about it. In the middle, the center,
the left hand picture, you see a house. You can't see the front door. Bushes all over the house. But that's kind of problematic. You wanna try to be able
to see out of your windows and you want people to be able to see you. Next picture is a parking lot. It's well lit. It's well marked. And there's a lot of
things to do with lighting, and that's a whole other class. The lower picture, the
lowest one, the center, that's a campus. It's well marked. You can see the sidewalk. The trimming is done properly. The sight lines are good. It's a beautiful campus. - [Ed] So here's what
we've done at this point. We've basically given you
some photographs and pictures that basically back up the
terminology that we spoke about, and this probably, before we finish up with some action plan type of items, might be an appropriate place to break. - [Steve] Thanks, Ed. A few slides ago, you talked
about activity generation. Can you say more about that? - [Ed] Certainly. So what is activity generation? In a nutshell, it's putting things, activities, events, and items
that we want people to do in areas of campus. A waterpark, not that we're
gonna have that on a campus, is one, but a water fountain
may be one of those things, or water features. Why is that? People like to look at it. They hang out on it. For those institutions that have little schools or preschools, a preschool and a playground, a playground is a thing that
creates activity generation. Public art. All of our campuses probably have fine arts programs of some sort. And that can be murals. That can be chalk art on the sidewalk. That can be paintings that we have in our buildings or outside our buildings. People come to see those things, and the people who are
coming to see those things are not looking to create issues for our higher education institutions. So activity generation in a nutshell is, put things and activities
in places on our campus that bring people. And then an example of
the converse of that is an ATM does bring legitimate users, this term we call legitimate users, us. But we do not want the ATM to be a particular area of hazard. So if you have ATMs on
your campus, and we all do, you have to think long and hard about, where are you placing them
so that there's always, remember, we talked
about eyes on the prize. - [Steve] Summerann
Miller wonders if you have any specific recommendations
for parking garages. - [Ernie] I do, as a matter of fact. This is Ernie Long. Publix has been very successful with the design of their parking lots. Down by the shore, or the beach, we have to build things
on the second floor because you're not allowed to build anything on the lower
level because you get, a wave comes in, it'll
flood everything out. But now you've got a parking lot under a
building that's shaded, so you have to light it up 24 hours a day. So what Publix did was the simplest thing
they could possibly do, and it worked perfectly. They put their break
area for their employees in the parking lot, in the
parking garage (mumbles) And every time somebody
goes down for a smoke break or to drink a cup of
coffee or to have lunch, they're sitting at this picnic table, watching the parking lot. No security guard. It doesn't cost them anything. It's perfect. - [Steve] Thanks. Is there low hanging fruit
that student affairs staff can address on campus? - [Ed] Well, that's a question that we call almost a
setup in that regard, because we have, just coming
up here in our action plan, exactly that, low hanging fruit, things that are potentially
inexpensive and doable at all our institutions. - [Steve] How do you measure CPTED's effectiveness in cost saving? Is it in monetary terms? - [Ed] It's a great question. The absence of anything is
always difficult to advertise. So two particular ways on
higher education campuses is via this thing we called
Clery statistics, C-L-E-R-Y, and for those higher education
professionals on the line, they know what that is. If those are decreasing,
you can't say particularly that they're because
of the manner in which we're building our structure
or designing our campuses, but you know if they're going down and we're doing the right things, that's probably a contributing factor. The other thing is crime statistics, the things that almost every
law enforcement agency, whether you have that or a security department on your campus, reports to the FBI. Again, if you see those
declining or they're low or in perspective in comparison to other municipalities or campuses, you're doing the right thing, and you see that they have some issues with the way their campus is designed. Those are two statistical
ways, everybody wants that, to define safety. What we do at our campus is we teach our custodians
and our front desk crew, a lot of our interns and
students and our grounds crew about these terms. And we tell them, "Forget the terms. "Understand what you're
doing and why it's safe." And when they buy into
the fact that their job, besides keeping our campus beautiful, is to make it safer, I think that that's one of those anecdotal ways by teaching your staff and students that you will see good results. - [Steve] One more
question during this break. Sean Fay says, "An earlier
slide used a phrase like, "'Putting safe activities
in unsafe areas.' "Can you explain?" - [Ed] Yeah. There's two good examples. Bike racks, historically on campuses, sometimes they are placed in
areas that hide the fact that, bikes without wheels, they get rusty. They put them in the backs of buildings. They put them next to trash receptacles. They hide them. And there are so many well designed bicycle rack type of structures these days that we don't have to hide them. If you put them in the back of a building and they're not in a well lit area, then you have put a safe
activity in an unsafe place. On the other hand, if
you put it out front, you put it next to a road like we showed, that's a good example. The other one I just spoke to, and that's, where are you putting
areas that distribute cash? Where are your ATM machines? Where are your finance and cashiers? They need to be in places where
other people can see them, they know them, and
they're not placed in areas that make it difficult
for people to find them. That's two examples. - [Steve] Tremendous. Thanks. We'll let you get back to your presentation. Now keep those questions coming. We've got one more break before the end. - [Ed] All right. So here we are is, we've talked about these principles of
CPTED and the terminology and we've given you those five principles. And now this is how you
turn that into action, how you take what we're talking
about, designing on campus, short of building a new building. We have had some questions
which were sent to us early on that said, "We're interested
in rehabbing a building "or creating a building,"
and that's probably a little beyond our scope today
as we introduce the concept. But these are things that we
should be doing on our campuses that tie directly into crime prevention and crime prevention through
environmental design. And we call it the Campus
Environment Action Plan. Here's examples. Ernie had talked about lighting areas. Typically, people think
more lighting is better. Well really, it's more lighting in the appropriate places is better. And what we've shown here is one of our large
universities in our nation, the University of Alabama, who creates a pedestrian
lit path that they publish. Why that is? What that tells you is, if you want your safest routes,
you want your CPTED routes, the routes that they want you to take are defined on this map. That's an example. Lighting the right areas, not every area. Identify hazardous conditions
and create safe conditions. These are simple things. This is curbing. This is sidewalks that
are broken and cracked. These are walls and paved
brick that is broken down. This ties directly into the fact that we want our campuses
to look and feel safe. Ernie talked quite a bit about this thing about effective signage. It is a term called wayfinding, but really, if you have good signage, good ability for people
to know where they're at, that clearly creates an environment that people feel like they
know the campus values them. And create clear boundaries. That's that territorial reinforcement. So that's our action plan. Some of those things can cost money. And then you want talked
about low hanging fruit. Well, this is low hanging fruit. I think some of your
listeners had asked about trimming down shrubbery to
two or three feet in height, trimming up trees to six
or seven feet in height. Sometimes that's called the
two foot, six foot rule, three foot, seven foot rule. What it says is, if you're
looking across your campus and you can't see through the
campus to see other people, you probably have sight
lines that are impaired. So you want your trees trimmed
up, your bushes trimmed down to create good natural surveillance. We've talked a lot about graffiti. We know that graffiti can be persistent. You have a sign. It gets tagged. You remove it. It gets tagged. You remove it. It gets tagged. But ultimately, our staff have to be persistent about removing it, and it's a battle of wills. Who goes first? And we're gonna wear them
down and remove graffiti. Pick up trash. Put fresh paint on different places. Maintain and clean your campus. This is your low hanging fruit. These are things that
tie in directly to CPTED. And then lastly, we've
talked about property. We've talked about infrastructure,
buildings, campuses. That's the heart of CPTED. But the reality is, the way
that we maintain our campuses and the way that we create
safe and secure environments deals directly with the way
we teach and train our staff. So while this is really a
separate and distinct topic, we thought it's just important for our audience to
understand that we understand that the way that we teach our staff, and these are bullets directly
from some staff orientation that we do here at the college, ties directly into our CPTED rules. And these are the things we tell them. Be aware, alert, and vigilant. Be welcoming and challenging. The only thing I'll say
about that term, challenging, is challenging is just like
think Disney, think Walmart. They have people at your
entranceways and exit ways that say, "How can I help you? "Are you lost? "What can I do for you?" That is in CPTED standards. Challenging behavior, but it's in no way, shape,
or form challenging. It's designed to say,
"What can I do for you, "and do you belong where you're at?" We call that challenging behavior. We explain that to our staff. Obviously, recognizing
conditions and persons. And there's always a lot
of interest these days about active threat, active shooter, and countering violent extremism. Ernie had showed you
a picture of bollards. Bollards, while they're welcoming
and create access control also can deter this thing we call CVE, countering violent extremism. Where you put those types
of designs can help deter the people that may be
involved in doing something well beyond just hurting one person, this collateral damage and
these things that we read about that are tragedies nationwide. And obviously, reporting. If staff don't report what they see, nobody can be expected
to resolve those issues. We referenced a slide called comprehensive safety at our
campuses at the beginning. This is that return to, what does our comprehensive look like? What does our comprehensive
safety program look like? Look safe, feel safe, be safe. This is probably, as we
provide the resources, here are some contemporary resources and some different articles
that have come up recently. So we thought people might be
able to learn more about that. But the reality is, if you put
in CPTED via a search engine, you're gonna come up with
enormous amount of resources, and the partners that we
mentioned at the beginning have a lot of resources. So we can stop there if you'd
like and pause for questions. - [Steve] Tremendous. A question did come up earlier that is a bit related to this slide. Sarah wondered if you have
recommended books and resources for further reference, and of course, you have a number on this slide. But perhaps there are a couple that you'd like to focus on in particular. - [Ed] All right. Well, thank you. Well, interestingly enough, in the middle of this
particular Learn More, that's actually a federally
produced document. Now, it's a little dated. It's that one called
Using Crime Prevention Through Environmental
Design and Problem Solving. But why I point to it is it's free. It is downloadable. And you have the title right there. So while all fields evolve as it relates to safety and security, and that one, like I said,
has evolved a little bit, that's a resource that's free. The Campus Security Report,
we have listed an article that's actually very, very current about low cost campus CPTED tips. The National Crime Prevention
Council in the top left has something that I just
find fascinating, which is, how do you boil down CPTED for our use? And I'm not talking about typically our young adults on our college campuses. I'm talking about those
in the primary grades, and I feel that that may be so valuable. And again, the terminology
is not important. What's important is that they understand why things are safe and unsafe. So that's just a couple
of highlights there. And we would always be available. I'm certain that the NCCPS
archives information, and certainly our contact
information will be available if somebody has a specific area of CPTED that they would like more information on. - [Steve] Are there any email lists or other electronic social resources where folks implementing CPTED get together and talk
about what they're doing? - [Ed] In fact, there is. On the slide with our mugs,
with our pictures on it, will give you a couple
resources where you can in fact email or get on the
list or join the organization. This is in no way, shape, or form intended to guide someone
towards those, but there are. There are CPTED organizations. There's one in Canada. There's an international
European CPTED organization. And then the one that we're
both presenting on behalf of, we call it FLDOCA, but you'll see that as we finish this afternoon. - [Steve] Jim Franquiz wonders,
other than target hardening, do you have any ideas for keeping people from hanging out or
engaged in illicit activity at a corner convenience store? We chase them away, make arrests, but they continue to return. - [Ernie] This is Ernie Long. That is a problem everywhere. Most of the time, it can be
taken care of by lighting. You can light it. You can clean up the area. Something is attracting those
people to that location. You need to remove whatever
it is that's attracting them. Sometimes it's because the corner is dark. Sometimes because the bushes are so high or there's a couple of cars parked there that have been there for years. Most of the time, the
environment will give you cues as to what's attracting those
people to that location. It's something that you have
to work on, think about. Thinking outside the box is probably the hardest thing to do for most people. But look at that area, and
you're probably gonna see some type of cue in the environment that's attracting those
people to that location. - [Ed] One other concrete aspect that I've seen at convenience stores when I was with a municipality was the fact that often
their natural surveillance, their sight lines through
the glass, are terrible. I don't know if this is the
case for the audience member, but they have 14 beer
posters, 35 cigarette posters, and then a whole list of other things. So while the staff member
inside the convenience store is often very protected, they're unable to see
outside those sight lines, and the store itself
creates problems for them to be able to create safe opportunities for those who are outside
the convenience store. So that's just something that
comes to my mind anecdotally. - [Steve] Jorge Vazquez-Bello says, "If you're budget is very limited," and of course his isn't, "What element of CPTED
would you focus on more, "and I might ask, first?" - [Ed] Great, so the low
cost, the low hanging fruit. The things that we do is
deals with place maintenance. Clean up. Remove the graffiti. Put the fresh paint on. Pick up the trash. Make sure your trash
receptacles themselves are clean and (mumbles) stuff. So these are the things
if we were to focus on, these are the ones that
are not cost prohibitive. Building a new building, by the way, installing CPTED concepts, while we haven't focused on that today, is not cost prohibitive when
it's done in the design stages. And many architects, we have an architect on our Florida Design
Out Crime Association. Many architects, many codes personnel, many crime prevention officers, often know that they can
build in these things at no additional cost to start. But your inexpensive
things you can focus on, here's some of them. And lighting is particularly
a critical CPTED concept, where you put appropriate lighting to the extent that the
budget can support it. - [Steve] Sherry Stone
asks, "Do you know of "any K through 12 districts "or institutes of higher education "that have a requirement for architects "to have CPTED training
placed in their RFPs? "I would love to have the
verbiage that they use." - [Ed] Well, both Ernie and I, that's the first stump question that I think we've had this afternoon. I can tell you that it may not be at a higher education institution, but where you will find things that codify rules and regulations are often in municipal
code or county ordinances. So I would say, without
specific knowledge, start there. I know St. Petersburg
and the Sarasota area has a tremendous amount of
actual formalized language that deals with site review,
things that we call first step, and design improvements
that they have to do. I don't know of any on a
higher education institution, but they would be subject to
the cities and the counties in which they live,
and so that's a couple. I would start with St. Petersburg. Our chair of the Florida
Design Out Crime Association I believe actually had a hand in that, and we could provide that
information via an email. - [Steve] Matt Wietbrock wants
to focus on target hardening, and in particular, he's interested in
resources and publications specifically about target hardening beyond what you've already listed. - [Ed] There is a publication
that we didn't put on that's a little more dated, and Ernie, you had
mentioned that publication. It was the ... Do you wanna? - [Ernie] The CPTED Manual
for Singapore, China. It's about 65 pages of CPTED concepts. It covers everything from
bathrooms to sidewalks to the fronts of buildings. It covers everything. It covers every plan you
could possibly think of. It's free. It's on the Web. It's in English. And it's downloadable. It's just the CPTED manual
for Singapore, China. It's one of my favorite publications. It's required reading
for all of my interns. - [Ed] It is. It's a good publication. And the other thing as it relates to this I think that kind of borders on the CVE, countering violent extremism, those are things like what
you do with your glass and what vulnerabilities you
have with your sight lines, where you put your bollards, how someone can get into
and out of a building. And there is, in fact, a publication that deals with higher education
safety and active threat. And while I don't know the term right now, if you search, you should be
able to come up with that. It is a federal publication. It is free and downloadable. And if not, if that audience member wants to email me that question, I will have the answer
by the end of today. - [Steve] That's a great offer. You've said a fair amount
about building a CPTED team, getting the staff together. A number of questions have come in. Let me give you a chance to say more about some best practices for
building CPTED team, and in particular, when you already employ former police and security professionals. - [Ernie] This is Ernie Long. There's a misconception that all police officers
and all security guards are trained in CPTED. Now, what I've done in
the city of Aventura is I've offered free training
to all the security companies that work in Aventura. And even if they have
guards that are on site out of the city of Aventura, we still offer them free training, because it's so important for everybody to know this information. Not every patrol officer knows CPTED. It's just one of those things. It's not included in the police academy because normally if the
range runs over time they take out the crime
prevention training. It's just one of those things. The easiest way to make a
team is to make sure that everyone's on the same page. All the people that are
involved need to be trained. I've trained every person
on our police department, including the administrative assistants. We've trained all the code staff. We've trained all the park staff. Everyone is CPTED trained
in the city of Aventura, and that's how you build a team. The people take interest
and they join together. - [Ed] I know that here in
Gainesville and Alachua County, we have the University of Florida, which is the four-year and
the graduate institution, the flagship institution
that Santa Fe College sometimes feeds into. And there is an urban and regional design and planning department. And as it relates to
resources that you can get that have incredible expertise, at really, I'm gonna say no cost, but in general that you can reach out to. For example, those are
professors and that. We have a Dr. Richard Schneider, who's a professor emeritus
at the University of Florida, and that's what he teaches. And he teaches projects. So when you find these people at your higher education institutions, that's a resource that
you can reach out to, and often, they have students
who are learning the field, and they want to deal with these types of projects
and questions in real time. - [Steve] Alex Valiente says,
"We have an area on campus "that attracts students to
smoke and sell marijuana "and hang out all hours of the night. "We already removed the gazebo
that had a ton of graffiti, "and now they hang out on the
concrete slab left behind. "Unfortunately, it's next to a lake "and the lighting is not an option "because of the turtles in the lake. "What would you recommend?" - [Ed] Is that on my campus
or is that somewhere else? What campus are we talking about here? - [Steve] We don't know. - [Ed] It's an interesting question. You come up with these specific facts. Off the top of my head, this would be one that
it would be important for that audience member
to email me or call me and let's talk it out. But when I hear a problem, for example, without lighting and yet you
don't have a lot of options for the way you control access control, my first thought goes it, what
nighttime staff, remember, staff is an important part
of comprehensive safety, what nighttime staff may be invested and that is able to
report to campus security or campus police or agencies
that we have mutual aid with? We have nighttime custodians. Now, this is a group we have to train and is not always a
group that is real keen on reporting things like this, but that's an example of making
them aware of the problem. Who is on your campus 24 seven? If campus security is, then that's gonna be
more frequent controls. Is there a manner in which you can provide some boundary setting there, whether it's high cost, removing the slab, or putting signage out
there that says, "Closed," if that's an option at certain times. So it's a little more difficult without seeing the picture and
where that lies on a campus, but these are the some
things that come to my mind, and I'd be happy to actually speak about those specific ones also. - [Steve] And Alex says that he's from Florida
International University. There were a number of comments, a number of questions on the
registration about buy in, getting buy in from upper
level administration, especially when designing new buildings. And also, buy in from faculty. In the few seconds we have remaining, what can you say about how
to tell the powers at be that they need to take CPTED seriously? - [Ed] All right. Well, you don't have to tell them that. In the few seconds, I would say what you tell administrators is, when you build your buildings,
comply with building codes and site review and
maps and design analysis and have an architect or a project manager that has knowledge of the concept. That costs nothing. And what it does for your administrators or your student affairs professional, it reduces their accreditation costs. It reduces their liability and risk. And it may reduce their
overall insurance cost because they're building
structures that allow you to show why they're safer than
the average structure that does not include CPTED design. - [Steve] That's a great point to end on. Thanks very much, Ed and Ernie. And thanks to all of our
viewers and questioners from around the Internet. Check the NCCPS Webinars page for a link to the captioned recording of today's presentation, as well as a link to our speakers' slides. The brief evaluation
survey I mentioned earlier should already be in your mailbox. It will take you no more
than two minutes to complete. Please do. We read and act on your comments. Mark your calendars for the next Campus Public Safety Online webinar at one to two p.m. eastern
time on Tuesday, May 16th. This year, sadly, is the 10th anniversary of the tragic shooting at Virginia Tech, and next month's webinar will feature psychiatrist Victor Schwartz speaking on 10 Years After Virginia Tech, Impacts on Campus Mental Health. The registration URL is on
your screen and clickable, or surf on over to the
National Center webpage at NCCPSafety.org That's NCCPSafety.org Campus Public Safety
Online is brought to you by the National Center for
Campus Public Safety, with support from the
University of Vermont Continuing and Distance Education and the US Department of Justice. Special thanks today to Megan O'Neil. This is Steve Worona. See you next time on Campus
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