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FAQs
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What are some great free online tools for entrepreneurs?
There’s quite a lot out there, depending on what you’re looking for :)Some free online tools (in no particular order):Dropbox. Save and share everything.Evernote. Best note app ever.FreePik. Find thousands of free images.SurveyMonkey. Create surveys to gauge customer feedback.Rapportive. Useful tool for Gmail that allows you to see other people’s social media profiles.Trello. Project management made simple.Slack. Work communication simplified.AdCat. Allows you to use a single picture to get perfect-sized, up-to-date ad images for Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Free.Easel.ly. Great infographic generator for creating attractive content. Engaging content is vital for attracting audiences.Google Analytics. See who’s coming to your site and from where, among many many other awesome functions.Sidekick. Awesome email tool that tracks when emails are opened — super useful for proper follow-ups.Hotjar. Recordings of users on your website. Amazing to understand user behavior, which drives marketing strategies.Hootsuite. For social media management in one easy to use dashboard.Leadin by Hubspot. For lead management.Ahrefs. Powerful SEO tool.Later. Instagram consistently shows amazing engagement with users. This tool manages scheduling for you.Crowdfire. Great tool to figure out who to follow on social media for optimal engagement.BuzzSumo. Analyze what content performs best.Social Rank. Allows you to see which are your most valuable followers.UberSuggest. Free keyword suggesting tool.LinkMiner. Free tool for the link building strategy.JustsignNowOut. Finds journalists interested in covering you.Keyword.io. Free keyword research tool for SEO.MailChimp. To run automated email campaigns.Optimizely. A/B testing to optimize your website.Google Trends. Shows how often a particular search-term is entered.TweetDeck. Owned by Twitter, it makes discovering content easily digestible and allows you to find the topics and people you want.Title Maker. Content idea generator.Explore. Get to know what’s trending.Engage Master. Convert visitors to customers.Startup Bootstrap. Website building templates.Submit.co. Get press for your startup.SumoMe. Tool set to grow your website traffic.Quip. View documents on any device.Atomic Squirrel. Startup checklist.There’s tons more out there depending on what you are looking for specifically. I’m happy to update and reorganize if you need more :)Disclosure: I’m working on AdCat.
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How are cracked versions of software created and why are developers not able to prevent it?
Cracked versions of software are created with the use of debuggers. (A debugger is a special type of software that lets programmers deconstruct their software into its constituent parts for the purpose of finding bugs, and thus de-bugging. Additionally debuggers can be used for reverse-engineering, or to see what is inside the software, to learn its logic. The latter method is used mostly by malware researchers to study what malware (or computer viruses) do on-the-inside. But it can be also used by an attacker to "crack" (or bypass) legal software registration, or at times, to alter normal behavior of software, for instance by injecting a malicious code into it.)For the sake of this example, I will assume that the software that is being "cracked" was compiled into a native code, and is not a .NET or a JavaScript based application. (Otherwise it will be somewhat trivial to view its source code.) The compiled native code is a bit more tricky "beast" to study. (Native means that the code executes directly by the CPU, GPU, or other hardware.)So let's assume that the goal of an attacker is to bypass the registration logic in the software so that he or she doesn't have to pay for it. (Later for lolz, he or she may also post such "crack" on some shady online forum or on a torrent site so that others can "use" it too and give him or her their appreciation.)For simplicity let's assume that the original logic that was checking for the software registration was written in C++ and was something similar to the following code snippet:In this code sample "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are special strings of text that a legitimate software user will receive after paying for the license. (The name is usually that person's actual name or their email address, and the code is some string of unique/special characters that is tied to the name.)In the logic above, the function named "isRegistrationCodeGood()" will check if "RegistrationName" and "RegistrationCode" are accepted using some proprietary method. If they are, it will return true. Otherwise false. That outcode will dictate which branch (or scope) the execution will follow.So the logic above will either show that registration failed and quit:Or, if the registration code and name matched, it will save the registration details in persistent storage (such as the File System or System Registry) using the function named "rememberRegistrationParameters()" and then display the message thanking the user for registering:A "cracker" will obviously want to achieve the second result for any registration code that he or she enters. But they have a problem. They do not have the C++ source code, part of which I showed above. (I hope not!)So the only recourse for an attacker is to disassemble the binary code (that always ships with software in the form of .exe and .dll files on Windows, and mostly as Unix executables inside the .app packages on a Mac.) An attacker will then use a debugger to study the binary code and try to locate the registration logic that I singled out above.Next you can see the flowchart for a snippet of code that I showed in C++, presented via a low-level debugger. Or, as the code will be read in the binary form after compilation:(For readability I added comments on the right with the names of functions and variables. They will not be present in the code that an attacker could see.)(To understand what is shown above an attacker will have to have good knowledge of the Assembly language instructions for the native code.)I also need to point out that having a disassembly snippet like the one above is the final result for an attacker. The main difficulty for him or her is to locate it among millions and millions of other similar lines of code. And that is their main challenge. Not many people can do it and that is why software "cracking" is a special skill.So having found the code snippet above in the software binary file a "cracker" has two choices:1) Modify (or patch) the binary.2) Reverse-engineer the "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy its logic to create what is known as a "KeyGen" or "Key Generator."Let's review both:The first choice is quite straightforward. Since an attacker got this far, he or she knows the Intel x64 Instruction Set quite well. So they simply change the conditional jump from "jnz short loc_7FF645671430" at the address 00007FF645671418 (circled in red in the screenshots) to unconditional jump, or "jmp short loc_7FF645671430". This will effectively remove any failed registration code entries and anything that the user types in will be accepted as a valid registration.Also note that this modification can be achieved by changing just one byte in the binary code from 0x75 to 0xEB:But this approach comes with a "price" of modifying the original binary file. For that an attacker needs to write his own "patcher" (or a small executable that will apply the modification that I described above.) The downside of this approach for an attacker is that patching an original executable file will break its digital signature, which may alert the end-user or the vendor. Additionally the "patcher" executable made by an attacker can be easily flagged and blocked by the end-user's antivirus software, or lead criminal investigators to the identity of the attacker.The second choice is a little bit more tricky. An attacker will have to study "isRegistrationCodeGood()" function and copy it into his own small program that will effectively duplicate the logic implemented in the original software and let him generate the registration code from any name, thus giving any unscrupulous user of that software an ability to register it without making a payment.Vendors of many major software products understand the potential impact of the second method and try to prevent it by requiring what is known as "authentication." This is basically a second step after registration, where the software submits registration name to the company's web server that returns a response back to the software of whether the code was legitimate or not. This is done by Microsoft when you purchase Windows (they call it "Activate Windows") and also by signNow, and many other companies. This second step may be done behind-the-scenes on the background while the software is running, and will usually lead to cancellation of prior registration if it was obtained illegally.So now you know how software is "cracked".Let me answer why it is not possible to prevent it. It all boils down to the fact that any software code needs to be read either by CPU (in case of a binary native code) or by an interpreter or a JIT compiler (in case of JavaScript or .NET code.) This means that if there's a way to read/interpret something, no matter how complex or convoluted it is, an attacker with enough knowledge and persistence will be able to read it as well, and thus break it.There is an argument though that cloud-based software is more secure, which is true, since its (binary) code remains on the server and end-users do not have direct access to it. And even though cloud-based software is definitely the future, it has some major drawbacks that will never allow it to fully replace your conventional software. To name just a few:Not everyone has an internet connection, or is willing to upload their data online. Additionally someone’s internet connection can be very expensive or too slow to make the software run very laggy.Then there’s a question of distributed computing. For instance, Blizzard Entertainment would never make “World of Warcraft” to fully run on their servers due to immense computational resources needed to render every single scene for every player they have. Thus it is in their best interest to let each individual user’s computer to do the rendering instead.As a software developer myself, I obviously don't like when people steal software licenses. But I have to accept it and live with it. The good news is that there are not that many people who are willing to go extra mile and search for a cracked version of software. The main problem for those who do, is that by downloading a patched executable, or an attacker's KeyGen or a Patcher, they are effectively "trusting" him or her not to put anything "nasty" into it that was not "advertised on the package" (stuff like trojans, malware, or keyloggers.) So the question for those people becomes -- is it worth the cost of the software license to potentially infect your system with a nasty virus?On the other side of the equation, some developers react very negatively to any attempts to steal their software licenses. (I was there too.) They try to implement all kinds of countermeasures -- anything from tricking reverse-engineers, to adding booby traps in the code that may do something nasty if the code detects that it is being debugged, to obfuscating or scrambling the code, to enforcing all kinds of convoluted DRM schemes, to blocking users from certain countries. I personally try to stay away from all of those measures. And here's why:A) Any kind of anti-reverse-engineering tactics could be bypassed by an attacker with enough persistence. So why bother and waste my time when I can invest that time into adding something useful to my software that will make it more productive for legitimate users?B) Some code packers could create false positives with antivirus software, which is obviously not good for marketing of that software. It also creates unnecessary complexity for the developer to debug the software.C) Adding booby traps in the code can also “misfire” on your legitimate users, which will really infuriate them and can even lead to lawsuits.D) Any DRM scheme will probably catch some 100 illegal users and greatly inconvenience 10,000 legitimate ones. So why do it to your good customers?E) Our statistics show that about 75% of all illegal licenses come from China, Russia, Brazil, to name the worst offenders. (I also understand that the reason may be much lower incomes that people have in those countries.) The main issue for us though was the fact that if we enforce our DRM or add some strong registration authentication, many people that wanted to bypass our registration would simply use a stolen credit card number. And we had no control over it. Our system will use it to send them a legitimate license only to have the payment bounce in weeks time. As a result we would lose the money that were paid for the license, plus the credit card company will impose an additional chargeback fee to our account, which may range from $0.25 to $20 per bad purchase on top of the license cost.F) As was pointed out in the comments, some companies may actually benefit from allowing pirated copies of their software. Microsoft for instance gets a lot of free publicity from people using their Windows OS, the same goes for signNow with their Photoshop. That is a good point that I agree with.So my philosophy is now this -- if someone wants to go extra mile and steal our software, go for it! They went this far to do it anyway, so they probably have a good reason. On the positive side there are so many other customers that appreciate the work that goes into creating software that greatly outnumber those that don’t.PS. Thank you for all your feedback! It makes me feel good that the knowledge I shared is useful to others.
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What is 'Digilocker'?
DigiLocker is an "advanced locker" benefit worked by the Government of India that empowers Indian natives to store certain official records on the cloud. The administration is pointed towards decreasing the need to convey physical reports, and is a piece of the Narendra Modi-drove government's Digital India activity.1 GB of storage room is offered to clients to store recognizable proof card issued by government organizations, training declarations, PAN cards, driving permit, vehicle proprietorship records and some different archives.Clients need to have an Aadhar card to utilize DigiLocker. For joining, the Aadhar card number and the one-time secret word sent to the Aadhar-related versatile number, should be entered. For later log-ins, the client can set their own particular secret key it connect the record to Facebook or Google logins.The beta rendition of the administration was taken off in February 2015, and launched by the Prime Minister on 1 July 2015. The storage space allowed was 10 MB at first, and was later expanded to 1 GB.In July 2016, DigiLocker recorded 20.13 lakh clients with a vault of 24.13 lakh documents. The quantity of clients saw an expansive hop of 7.53 lakh in April when the legislature had encouraged every single metropolitan body to utilize DigiLocker to make their organization paperless.From 2017, the office was signNowed out to permit understudies of ICSE board to store their class X and XII authentications in DigiLocker and offer them with organizations as required. In February 2017, Kotak Mahindra Bank began giving access to archives in DigiLocker from inside its net-managing an account application, enabling clients to e-sign them and forward as required. In May 2017, more than 108 healing centers, including the Tata Memorial Hospital were wanting to dispatch the utilization of DigiLocker for putting away disease patients' therapeutic records and test reports. As indicated by a UIDAI modeler, patients would be given a number key, which they can impart to another doctor's facility to enable them to get to their test reports.There is likewise a related office for e-marking archives. The administration is proposed to limit the utilization of physical reports, decrease regulatory costs, give validness of the e-records, give secure access to official archives and to make it simple for the inhabitants to get administrations.#Thank_wikipedia and Follow Manish Kumar …Cheers
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How can I contact a lawyer if I get pulled over in the wee hours or outside of my home state? It is widely recommended to exerci
Tl;dr: For 99.9% of us a lawyer on scene is unnecessary. Why?You call or text your lawyer by phone if you have not been arrested (yet) but having a lawyer present during the search, if that is even possible, is overkill for just about everyone. And you will just sound like a baby. If you are arrested because of what the police find (or for whatever reason), the police will take your phone but you can use the police phone to call your lawyer from the station. They would need a family contact so they can arrange bond. It may be a logistical impossibility, anyway, based on where and what time of day you are stopped.FYI: the police don’t have to wait for your lawyer. There is no constitutional right to the physical presence of a lawyer at the search. At late night hours or rush hour, police may be spread thin. They have other things to do, and can probably get their own warrant just as quick (judges are on call, FYI; police visit them at home for wet ink signatures at the last minute; sometimes they have e-signature procedures), while you wait handcuffed in the back of their squad car.Be open. Be you.I would advise 99.9% of us to consent to search to show the police you have nothing to hide and hopefully they will not be overly thorough, and return the favor by not tearing the inside of your car apart. If the result will be a misdemeanor pot bust or open container, just take it like a big boy/girl.Don't create negative attention.If you act like a tool, you will be treated like one, demanding a lawyer on the spot, or not. Unless you are smuggling a lot of contraband, the police officer randomly pulling you over is not overly anxious to make a big bust. He or she just wants to get home safe to family at the end of shift, preferably without being shot at. Police have to deal with crazy, out of control and evil people all the time. They, too, are shaped by their unpleasant experiences.Don't be anyone’s “war story.” Be as forgettable as possible. Don’t be a spaz. This will show up in your police report as “hostile” or “agitated” and if severe enough can become criminal obstruction. Don’t open your mouth and make things worse than they are. (If you act like a spaz, I will find you and slap you on the back, and say: “Way to go, Spaz!”)What about the remaining 0.01%? i.e., for professional criminals only (and those who love them):The law of search and seizure is dynamic and complex. Police need a warrant to open and search luggage or phone or trunk (mileage varies on the trunk). They don’t need a warrant for the rest of the car. If they stopped you and ask you to search the car, stick a fork in it; you’re done. (The judge will also take the K-9s word over yours.)The negative to consenting to search, which only affects the 0.01%, is if you move to suppress the search later, they can use your consent to justify the search as opposed to establishing probable cause before searching as they would otherwise need to do, i.e., write up a more detailed report showing their probable cause because they will have forgotten your stop by the time you discuss your stop with the judge. If you’re guilty of a serious crime, stand firm, don’t consent and hope for the best. Motions to suppress are usually a huge uphill battle, especially if what is seized is newsworthy.If I had a client who was into smuggling guns or drugs (I don’t), I would tell them to require the police to get a warrant and not consent to search. You know you did it; the police know you did it, let’s do everything we can to improve chances on a motion to suppress.Finally I would suggest using a lawyer other than the one you would have try or plead your case. Know also that the lawyer’s presence as a “witness,” may in some circumstances, prevent him or her from defending you in any ensuing criminal case.
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Why are railguns often portrayed as a better way to intercept maneuvering hypersonic threats than interceptor missiles?
There are several factors that go into this, there are pros and cons to both systems, to a military planner the pros of the rail gun out weigh it’s cons. Only time will prove if they are right or not but I will try to explain.Defensive Vs Offensive load, There is only limited launcher space on any ship regardless of how many missiles it has in storage. So lets say you have 20 launchers in your ship, vertical launchers are becoming the norm. Even though you have 100 more missiles of whatever mix you want in the hold, your 20 launchers have what they have in them and it will take time to swap them out. (Hopefully some USN personnel on here who have served on a DDG or similar can let us know how long) I’m guessing at least an hour. Some missiles can be dual use like an anti-missile-Missile can be used in the anti aircraft role, but a Tomahawk or any land attack missile simply cannot. Every tube you have filled with a missile to perform your mission is a missile you cannot use for defense, every missile you have loaded for defense, can’t be used for your mission.The rail gun uses a solid mass of metal, you can use it to devastating effect against air, sea, or land targets without worrying about carrying different loads. I imagine a flechette round would be used against missiles and aircraft, but it doesn’t matter, you can switch ammo types in seconds.With railguns as point defense, you are free to have the majority of your missile tubes loaded for the mission and only a minimum with defensive (AA or AM) missiles.Immunity to counter measures: The railgun is a line of sight weapon, if you can see it, you can hit it. Once radar contact is made and the gun aligned, powerful optics will be used to line up the final shot. at 2.4 kilometers+ a second- nothing can really affect or stop the projectile. If the shot is lined up properly, the target is dead, no amount of chaff flares or ecm can do anything once the projectile leaves the rail.Cost. The Major cost of the system is in the gun and the guidance and aiming systems require only maintenance when bought, The Projectile is just a hunk of machined metal, I imagine the ship’s machine shop will have the ability to fabricate more in an emergency. No propellant needed (more on that later) A missile has to have a warhead, a motor, navigation and avionics which is all one time use, the launching and guidance on the ship are not cheap either so while the up front cost of the railgun will be higher, that changes quickly after a few shots.Safety. That warhead and rocket/jet fuel in a missile infinitely more deadly to you before you launch as it is to the enemy. Anything that touches off that magazine (accidents, malfunctions, enemy fire) will likely be catastrophic. The inert projectiles of a railgun are immune to that. The rail-gun itself if charged might pose a small danger if damaged while charged, but that will be like a transformer box blowing up outside during a storm (happened to me when I was a kid during a hurricane) While it was loud and scary to 11 year old me 20 meters from my house, it did zero damage to the house and didn’t even knockdown the telephone pole it was on, Had that been a modern AA-or AM missile 20 meters away, I and my house would likely not be here today.Close in defense: You can use the rail gun up to the point an enemy missile hits your ship. A vertically launched missile needs to clear the ship arc towards its target and fly towards it. This all takes time meaning that depending on the speed of the incoming missile, you have a radius where if you haven’t launched yet, there is nothing you can do. So let’s say you have a ship with a rail gun and one with only missiles. Both are engaged by missiles with a 4 second flight time. It takes 2 seconds to identify and track the target and come up with a firing solution(I have no idea how long it really takes but I’m pretty sure the human reaction time to authorize the launch of a $500,000 missile is more than that). the 2 seconds remaining are not enough, the missile will just be clear of it’s tubes and arcing when your ship gets hit. The rail gun ship still has time to get one or two shots off, Even if it hits the Missile right outside the hull, that is preferable to having it go off INSIDE your hull.Like I said before, having the rail gun doesn’t stop you from carrying defensive missiles for BVR/Over the Horizon, engagements.
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Is HAL Tejas really a junk fighter aircraft?
Anonymous OP= Sadist w/o enough proof and evidence a.k.a TROLL.So here it is for Ya’all sadists fanboys.LOOK AT IT. UNDERSTAND IT. DIGEST IT. RESPECT IT!The answer is very long, but I assure you that it is to the point and will answer both questions in detail.The LCA-Tejas is the replacement for the soviet origin Mig-21 fighter aircrafts, which have been in air for around 70 years with various air-forces across the globe, Indian Air Force being a major customer with considerable numbers still in service. The LCA has hit the production lines and 123 are on order.But it is still a question if LCA is a worthy successor to the Mig-21? and if the country has gained anything from this or is it just another piece of junk?This answer shall dig into the above questions.Content:1.Role2.Aerodynamics3.Stealth4.Safety5.How it has helped the country?ROLE:Mig-21: It was primarily designed and inducted as an Interceptor, Later it was modified as CAS and a airsuperiority fighter.LCA: Point defense, multi-role fighter.Inference: The primary job of an interceptor is to gain speed and height quickly and to intercept incoming threats. They are not primarily designed to undertake CAS and Air-superiority fighter roles whereas LCA from the first day was supposed to be a multirole fighter. The design of Mig allows it to travel at very high speeds with degraded performance at low speed where as LCA has a balanced performance in all speed regimes.Little knowledge before going further:Aspect Ratio(AR): Ratio of total lenth of wing(wing span) to ChordWing loading(WL): It is ratio of gross weight to be carried by wing to area of wingLeading edge/Trailing edge :Anhedral/Dihedral:Chord: Line joining Leading edge to trailing edgeAOA: Angle between chord and Wind.Critical AOA: AOA for which lift is maximum or angle after which lift starts decreasing rapidly.Relation of AR with lift:Lift Vs AOA for various AR:Inference :Higher AR will have higher LiftMore the AR less will be the Critical AOA.Higher the AR, higher the induced dragAerodynamics of Delta Wings:Lift generated by delta wing has two components: Vortex lift+Potential Flow lift (read Lift on a flat plate)At lower angle of attack the lift is only the Potential flow component.(AOA=0*-5*)At higher angle of attacks Vortex are generated by the leading edge, which flow over wing and creates a low pressure region over wing and hence lift is generated.(AOA=5*-20*)At higher AOA the vortex starts getting disturbed and lift is decreased but can be controlled by certain measures.(AOA=20*-30*)Delta wing shows low lift at low A.O.A because of following reasons:More surface area for given amount of lift causes more viscous drag which decreases Lift/Drag ratio. More the ratio is better the lift.At low AOA the formation of vortex is not uniform or flow separation or due to vortex burst(I oversimplified way too much).Relation of WL with Maneuverability: The less the WL the better and faster will be the roll maneuver.AERODYNAMICS:Wing Type:Mig-21: Pure Cropped Delta with tail.LCA: Cropped Compound tailless delta.Inference: Mig had an extra control surface that added to the drag at high speed regime. Being pure cropped delta has it’s fair share of disadvantages as i mentioned above. Also due to the design the take off speed and distance is more for Mig-21 than Tejas.AR:Mig-21: 2.2LCA: ~1.75(Wing span^2 / wing area)Inference: Mig-21 focuses on more lift whereas LCA for less drag, no one wins in this department all matter of priorities. Trade-offs can’t be avoided.WL:Mig-21: 452LCA: 247Inference: LCA is a clear winner, this makes LCA more maneuverable in combat.Thrust to Weight Ratio:Mig-21: 0.7LCA: 1.07Inference: LCA wins, this gives LCA a better climb rate than Mig-21.Wing Position:Mig-21: -2* dihedralIts 2 deg annhedral sirLCA: Anhedral:Inference: Anhedral position of delta wings generates extra lift. LCA wins.AOA: This part is tricky.Mig-21:30*LCA:28*Inference: Despite using dihedral swept back cranks LCA has AOA 2* less than Mig-21, but at the same time it is good in terms of existing 4.5 gen aircrafts. The reason for the following can be the pure delta of Mig-21 which are best suited in for high AOA but poor lift at low AOA where as LCA tries to keep the lift enact even at low AOA and low speed, so the reduction of 2* AOA in LCA is a trade-off for a wider flight envelope.STEALTH:Inlet:Mig-21: Inlet cone with Inlet at front of the plane.LCA: Supersonic, Y-duct below and behind the wing.Inference: Mig doesnot gives stealth due to the protruding cone and compressor RCS just visible at the front whre as LCA has two advantage:Stealth by covering the Compressor RCS.Continious suppply of air at high AOA.Material Used:Mig-21: Mostly metal or alluminium alloyLCA: 44% is Carbon composite.Inference: LCA is more lighter, stronger and stealthier.Wing Blending: The Blending of wing with fuselage in LCA does two things:Lower down the RCS.Make fuselage a Lift generating object. This feature is not present in Mig-21.RAM: Extensive use of RAM(Radar Absorbing Materials) decrease the RCS both of body and the Cockpit through canopy.SAFETY:Needless to say from the day LCA was first flown it had never ever met with an accident, Mig-21 doesnot have a appreciable safety record which has earned it the name of “Flying Coffin”.IS LCA PROJECT A SCAM ON TAXPAYERS MONEY?Well, probably what’s your say on these?We paid $2B for INS vikramaditya when it was projected to be several millions.We are paying more than $3B for FGFA but the work share and ToT is still questionable.We are major share holder in Mig-29 and SU-30 MKI developement and still the supplier doesn't share spare parts of the same, result being more than 40% fighters being grounded at any given time and frequent crashes.We bought T-90S but it's FCS, Armour and Air condition, RCWS all run on that developed by DRDO for Arjun MBT, same stands for T-72 CIA. Reason Russia didn’t share the ToT as per agreement.Add up all these and the total financial figure can easily cross $10B. But still the media never shys away from calling this utterly over expensive, frequent maintainance and accident prone Russian equipments some sort of “Brahmastra” and the LCA which hasn’t met with an accident so far and an availability of 73% all the time a DUD. This is a bigger scam. Isn’t it?Coming to Tejas:1. It was meant to replace Mig-21 which was not a key fighter either.2.LCA remains the cheapest programme with just $1B on it’s R&D. Atleast one-fourteenth of the budget of nearest contemporary and still comparable.Can the OP produce any official reports to quantify the fact that an aircraft which is developed by an R&D organisation whose Total R&D budget is one-sixth of an E-retailing company’s R&D and having underpaid scientists as compared to it’s international peers is a SCAM.IS IT A CHEAP MIRAGE COPY?Perhaps NO. Why?Here is it :WING POSITION W.R.T FUSELAGE:Mirage: Flat i.e 0* w.r.t to horizontol axis.LCA: AnhedralInference: For Delta Wings Anhedral placement creates more lift, which further help to counter the lack of lift during slow speeds in tejas but thats not the case with Mirage, suffers lack of lift during slow speeds.Extra LIFT AND PERFORMANCE INCREMENT DEVICES(Canards/LERX/Chine etc):Mirage: Small strake on the intakes above wing.LCA: Crank (Marked in pink and dihedrally placed)Inference: Mirage doesnot have any Lift increment device, the strakes it uses it gives a littlehelp in maintaining airflow at high AOA but not very effective , unlike tejas whose dihedrally positioned forward swept crank helps it a lot to maintain lift at high angle of attack(AOA) by delaying flow separation above wings.BLENDING WING : Look at wing- fuselage for junction both :Mirage: The junction is clearly visible.LCA: There is blending of juction between wing-fuselage.Inference: Now this feature does two things-Makes the fuselage self lift creating object.Helps to reduce the RCS and add stealth to aircraft.Mirage is in disadvantage in this one.WING-LOADING : The lower the better. Lower wing loading is a key deciding factor about the maneuverability of aircraft. Lower wing-loading helps in better dogfight.Mirage:337 kg/m²LCA: 247 kg/m²Now comes the most complex of all but rather ignored topic the INTAKES. The topic is scientifically very critical in deciding the performance of aircraft.The position of inlet:Mirage: Beside the fuselage.LCA: Under and Behind wing.Inference: Putting the inlet sidewise, creates airflow moving over the surface of the fuselage develops a turbulent boundary layer, and ingesting this turbulent boundary layer into the engines may causes problems in the compressors if not it adds to drag. Also at high AOA this position of inlets does not ensure a good performance but in case of tejas the position of inlet behind wind ensures a considerable of amount of air supply to engine at high AOA which is not in case of Mirage.Type of Intake:Further the intakes of Mirage are old gen intake comprising inlet cone but which doesnot helps to guard the compressor RCS, but Tejas uses Y-Duct intake that curtails the compressor RCS and gives a big RCS reduction to tejas and adds to tejas’s stealth which is not the case with Mirage.Above: Inlet cone of Mirage; Below: Y-duct inlet design.Conclusion: Where Mirage was primarily developed to replace Mirage III it was supposed to be a interceptor and good ground attack capability which are the strong points of mirage but lacks little bit in Air to Air and Stealth capability whereas the LCA was always supposed to be point defense fighter to replace Mig-21 , hence it was supposed to have a well balance of ground attack, Air to Air combat and Stealth. Though LCA lacks in terms of range but thats a trade off between aerodynamics, stealth and attack capability just like the Mirage which does just the reverse. It’s all matter of priorities. The following points proves that LCA is not copy of Mirage-2000 either!A SHEAR WASTE OF TAXPAYERS MONEY?Hell No, I don’t believe so!TEJAS IS NOT A FIFITH GENERATION AIRCRAFT. IT WAS NOT SUPPOSED TO BE ONE. IT IS REPLACEMENT FOR MIG-21. IT DOES JOB QUITE WELL. LETS KEEP IT THAT WAY. TELLING TEJAS IS FIFTH GENRATION AIRCRAFT WHEN IT IS NOT IS UNDERMINING THE AIRCRAFT DELIBERATELY. WE HAVE FGFA AND AMCA PROGRAMMES TO TAKE CARE OF FIFTH GENERATION AIRCRAFT NEEDS.Rest of the answer i am reposting one of my earlier ones:IAF is at least of its air squadron power ever, this answer shall also look into this point if this situation was sudden or it was predictable.HAL tejas a failure or Success?Well its time to find out…Content:History of developement: HAL Marut, MCA(Most of us won’t have even heard of it), LCA-tejasTechnologies developed: Fly-by wire, engine, radar, aerodynamics, avionicscontribution to the industry/ country .comparison of budgets with other fighter jets?Let’s start with:HISTORY:HAL MARUT:The first supersonic fighter jets in Asia.Served efficiently from 1960–1991 without any severe problems.Also IAF was enjoying aerial supremacy in the region with the newly developed and bought 1200 Mig-21, during this time the PLAAF was not as strong as IAF. But Chinese realised “SOMETHING” that we (excluding navy) didn’t and are still denying from realising it.It was first fighter jet developed, designed and manufactured in India.It got some engine problems, GTRE did developed engine for it, it worked with complete efficiency but was incompatible with aircraft. Had there been foresightedness in airforce, governement and beuraucracy a little more funds would have given us a new engine for Marut. But Marut died a slow death given by beuraucracy, poor R&D funding(which still is poor), and lack of foresightedness.HAL MCA(Medium Combat Aircraft): Say Hello to this Guy!!It was the twin engined, vertical stabilizer less, 360 Thrust vectoring nozzle aircraft a.k.a twin engined MCA(big brother of MCA)It was proposed in early 2000s.But We did the same mistake again, IAF showed little interest in the program and the plan was shelved back in 2000s and the IAF insisted on the LCA and insisted for 126 MCA from foreign and hence started the saga of 126 MMRCA with tender being issued in 2001. The deal was signed for just 36 in 2016. We wasted 16 years again, had there been foresightedness and less corruption in the system , with proper absorption of public and private industry, this thing would have been already into the sky.But, it never saw the daylight and remained a proposal.HAL TEJAS:The so called 1980 is just a media propaganda, it was the year IAF mentioned this matter, 1984 ADA was formed and 1990 finally funds were released so actual commencement was 1990 and not alleged 1980.At last there was some ray of hope though tarnished by 1999 nuclear test embargos, Tejas took to the sky in 2001.LCA was named tejas by then PM.Shri Atal Bihari Bajpayee. The programme went well till 2004, it slowed down after 2004 due to slack nature of then government, corruption throughout the reign rocked the entire country during this period, Let alone tejas it was just a small Fighter jet under developement.2014 BJP governement came back again with absolute majority and Defense Minister being Manohar parrikar, clearly stating that Tejas is his dream project.Tejas programme in this two year period i.e 2014–16 saw a faster speed of developement with 123 strong tejas being ordered by DAC and in early 2017 it’s FOC started with successfull firing of Derby guided missile in guided missile mode.TECHNOLOGIES DEVELOPED:Airframe and Aerodynamics(including stealth):The exact RCS of tejas is unknown. But it is said that it is “1/3 of mirage”, considerably low as compared to other 4th generation aircrafts because ofHigh usage of carbon composites.Being small in size adds to the lowering the RCS.Y-shape inlets that reduces the heat signature of the engine..Use of RAM(Radar Absorbent material) paints.Addition of AESA radar in mk1a and mk2 will ensure that tejas locks on to the target before target sees it which adds to the LO feature.Radar waves normally enter the cockpit reflects of objects & possibly return to the radar and even the HMD of pilot itself contributes to RCS. To avoid this Tejas canopy is coated with a thin film transparent conductor of Indium Tin Oxide. The coating is thin enough that it has no adverse effect on pilot vision and can reflect the radar waves away from the radar antenna.quadraplex digital fly-by-wire control system.ENGINE:A little bit history about the kaveri engine:The GTRE GTX-35VS Kaveri is a turbofan project developed by the (GTRE), a lab under the DRDOT the Kaveri was originally intended to power production models of the Tejas LCA fighter.This was approx 202 mn $ project.Later on the project was divided into two category: K9 and K 10K9: Will be completely indigenous with only foreign consultation and certification.K10: Will be a joint venture with a foreign partner.Problems that occured:Kaveri engine in its present form uses directionally solidified blade technology which is rather an old tech and it couldn’t tolerate the high temperature in its combustion chamber called “Kabini”. The solution was “single crystal blades”The thrust generated was nearly 65 to 70% of what was needed.Performance decay at high altitude.A peculiar noise when in after burning mode..Here comes the MMRCA deal which many think was a bad decision by the current leadership as it just bought 36 rafales. But if we look closely to the offset, it was boon to us as under the offset:Snecma which manufacture the Rafales M-88 core agreed to help and signNow the engine in 18 months.DRDO has been given a virtual carte blanche to channelise offsets from the Indian Rafale deal to resurrect the Kaveri.Snecma, a partner in the Rafale programme, builds the Rafale’s twin M88 turbofan engines. Under the terms of the partnership , Snecma is working to modify, signNow and integrate the Kaveri on a Light Combat Aircraft airframe before 2020.A later phase in the partnership will involve modifications on the Kaveri for a twin configuration on India’s AMCA fifth generation fighter concept and an altered non-reheat version for the Ghatak UCAV.According to DRDO chief the kaveri engine will be ready by next aero india.Another good new is that altitude test and flying test bed trials have been completed. Official statement of MoD in Parliament” In a written reply to the Lok Sabha in December 2016, Minister of State for Defence Subhash Bhamre had called the effort of the GTRE in developing the engine as “an attempt to mastering one of the most complex technologies”. The minister said the altitude test and flying test bed trials for the engine had been completed and other developmental problems were being addressed to make the engine flight-worthy through in-house efforts as well with assistance from abroad”.The engine will be first used on Tejas PV-1.Other uses will beGhatak UCAV(Dry variant or w/o afterburner)AMCATejas Mk2Also, Rolls royce has collaborated with DRDO on developing the K10 engine. This engine’s first prototype is to be expected in 12 month. The news was broken out in Aero-india 2017 in february.http://www.thehindu.com/news/nat...UK’s Rolls Royce, India’s DRDO working together on engine for fighter jetsWIND TUNNEL FACILITIES:Perhaps you have made this 74 Wind tunnel facilities across the country and other aerospace testing centres.LCA was the principle project that compelled India to develope all this centres of excellence indigenously after being kicked out from Buffalo, USA after ’99 nuclear test.AVIONICS:Indigenous HUD.EW suite for Tejas is under developement for LCA but since it is small it has to be compact other than that Tusker EW suite is the bigger derivative of the suite Mayavi EW for LCA and is used for Mig-29, jaguar and Su-30. Samyukta is also another EW suite that has used the experience from past developement of Mayavi and tusker EW.Early version of tejas (PVs) had analog display now they fly on Digital display designed by DARE(DRDO).Also DARE has developed the litening targetting pod for effective targetting of air version of brahmos.It’s HMD is ELBIT designed, but its friend and foe detection is designed by DRDO.UTTAM AESA (Further updates:Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to Is India developing/working on AESA radars?)radar has given rise to many other forms of AESA radar such as that used on swordfish radar, AEW&C, recently successfully launched QRSAM.CONTRIBUTION TO COUNTRY/INDUSTRY:Private sector giants especially TATA SED and L&T have gained a lot of experience in electronics and manufacturing respectively.It has created a chain of MSMEs.Almost entire fuselage which includes wings, center of fuselage is made by private companies and HAL is only a integrator.AMOUNT OF RESOURCE:Tejas is the most economical 4.5 gen aircraft programme ever with $1 bn spent on programme, whereas Gripen is 14 bn$ programme and F-16 even more.Tejas has never ever faced an accident whereas its competitor Grippen has faced Two accidents.Given the amount of experience by spending the least amount of money compared to any fighter jet programme as shown by above facts and two failed attempts to develope or continue to develope a fighter jets, TEJAS LCA IS A SUCCESS.The “SOMETHING” that i mentioned earlier is the thing that complete indigenisation is the only way you can survive for long and you can see how strong and thriving the chinese aerospace industry is now(you can abuse me as traitor, porkistani and whatever you may like).But it’s time to accept that only R&D can give us what we call as self reliance and not so called ToT that we keep asking from other nations.No nation will give critical technologies that have made them pioneers of their respective field. By giving critical tech to another company, no parent company in sane mind would create their own competitor. But w/o critical tech we can’t modify the weapon platforms according to needs as all IPR are reserved with the parent company, forget about creating a new one.Hence LCA TEJAS is a success and the present squadron crisis was predictable and also preventable had there been foresightedness in IAF, beuraucracy to develope complete R&D infrastructure by consuming potential of both private and public sector also academic institutions to the fullest.Hope this is sufficient for you, or else I can serve more but that will be on further requests. LOLz.Footnotes:1.Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to After the failure of Kaveri GTX jet engine is India still developing an indigenous jet engine?2.https://www.quora.com/Why-cant-India-develop-its-own-AESA-radar/answer/Soikot-Banerjee?srid=RKYr3.Soikot Banerjee (सोइकोत बैनर्जी)'s answer to Why can't India develop its own AESA radar?4.https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-RCS-of-Tejas/answer/Soikot-Banerjee?srid=RKYrPic credits: Google and Respective ownerPic credits: GooglePic credits:respective owners and google.Data: Wikipedia
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Why did the US just withdraw from the UN Human Rights Council? How will this affect US diplomacy around the world?
The US withdrawal? “Disappointing if not really surprising”.US ambassador Nikki R. Haley cited “a cesspool of political bias against Israel” and “members of the Commission who themselves violated human rights.” This has been a consistent source of friction with the US, especially since 2009.RT @USUN: With members like China, Cuba, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Venezuela the Human Rights Council is not worth its name. pic.twitter.com/eEETxFvw19— Nikki Haley (@nikkihaley) June 19, 2018 The United Nations replaced the Commission on Human Rights with the Human Rights Council (HRC) in 2006, established by a UN vote of 170–4. UN members who strongly opposed the Council were the United States, Israel, Marshall Islands and Palau. Three nations abstained—Venezuela, Iran and Belarus.Forty-seven members of the HRC are elected by a majority of ninety-six votes of the General Assembly. Council members may be suspended by a two-thirds majority vote of the UN. [1]The HRC’s draft resolution aimed “to respect human rights and fundamental freedoms for all, without distinction of any kind as to race, colour, sex, language or religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.” [2]Timeline of US interaction with the HRC:2006: US ambassador John Bolton (now US National Security Advisor) vigorously opposed the formation of the HRC and the Bush admin boycotted the body.2009: The US relented and joined the HRC.“It’s an imperfect body but it has a decent track record. It could get better, but it stands a worse chance of doing so if the U.S. takes its ball and goes home and allows it to become a playground for strongmen.” —Stephen Pomper, president Barack Obama’s National Security Council.2013: Controversy raged as Russia, China, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and Vietnam joined the org.2016: In his election campaign, Donald Trump pledged to quit the body.June 6, 2017: Nikki Haley announced the US would not continue to participate in the HRC, “the UN must act to keep the worst human rights abusers from obtaining seats on the Council,” … “we must change the elections so countries are forced to make the case for membership based on their records, not on their promises.” [3]Sept 19, 2017: President Donald J. Trump addressed the UN assembly, "It is a massive source of embarrassment to the United Nations that some governments with egregious human rights records sit on the UN Human Rights Council."Sept 21, 2017: Ambassador Nikki Haley warned the US would pull out of the council if bias against Israel continued. [4]Oct 20, 2017: After pledges to promotion of human rights, Angola and Afghanistan were elected to the HRC and Qatar was re-elected. The Democratic Republic of the Congo was elected without making a pledge.June 4, 2018: Special Rapporteur Philip G. Alston presented his annual report on “Extreme Poverty and Human Rights”. [5] He pointed out that based on health, schooling and living conditions, the rate of youth poverty in the US was the highest in the OECD—40m Americans subsist in poverty, 18.5m in extreme poverty (defined by the UN as living on less than US$2 per day) and 5m in third world absolute poverty. [6] The report further stated the top 1% of the US population owns 38% of the nation’s total wealth.June 18, 2018: The UN’s high commissioner for human rights, Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein called the US policy of separating children from parents crossing the border “unconscionable.”June 19, 2018: Secretary of State Mike Pompeo praised the US ambassador’s work—Nikki Haley then announced the US withdrawal from the HRC. In unfortunate timing for advocates of human rights, the move was made on “Juneteenth”—the 153rd anniversary of the abolition of slavery, celebrated by 45 of 50 American states. [7]"Disappointing, if not really surprising, news. Given the state of #HumanRights in today's world, the US should be stepping up, not stepping back" -- UN Human Rights Chief #Zeid following USA decision to withdraw from U.N. Human Rights Council.#StandUp4HumanRights— UN Human Rights (@UNHumanRights) June 19, 2018 July 2, 2018: The council meets again on the issue of Israel and Palestine. [8]The UN, The US, Israel and PalestineSince the UN’s Resolution 181 for the partition of Palestine in 1947, the UN Security Council has made 225 resolutions concerning Israel and Palestine, most recently calling for an end to Israeli settlements. [9]– Safety– Dignity– Human rights & fundamental freedoms for ALL migrants – children, women & men – at ALL times@UNmigration info: https://t.co/K9ZNxSYgZA pic.twitter.com/RcTfNfDQix— United Nations (@UN) May 26, 2018 The UN General Assembly has condemned Israel in 45 resolutions over six decades, many times citing the strategic relationship with the US as “encouraging Israeli aggression and expansion”.In 2002, US ambassador John Negroponte articulated the cornerstone of US doctrine—a condemnation of terrorism, a commitment to a political settlement and a requirement for an improvement in “safety and security” before any withdrawal by Israel to territories held at the time of the Second Intifada—the Palestinian uprising in September, 2000.The UN sees the Israeli occupation since 1967 of Palestine as a violation of the principle of jus ad bellum and international law. [10]In practice, the withdrawal from the Human Rights Council won’t much affect US diplomacy around the world.The US has a consistent, century-long history of conservative domestic politicians rejecting both multilateral diplomacy and refusing to sign or ratify international treaties. This has always shaped the US’ stance on the world stage.The Human Rights Council is responsible for promoting & protecting the human rights of all people all over the
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How would you introduce the mutants and the X-Men into the MCU?
I think Phase 4, being reportedly cosmic in nature, would be very wise to bring Fantastic Four and Doctor Doom as soon as the Fox merger is approved.It’s unlikely a stable groundwork for mutant plots can be laid before Phase 5, so don’t expect to see X-Men before 2023. However, I do think the method of mutant creation could have its beginnings in Phase 4, the immediate future.Before I explain my preference for mutant introduction, I’ll analyze every major type of theory I’ve heard, including theories here and elsewhere.A. Alternate DimensionsA common suggestion involves bridging alternate dimensions. I think fans have the existing Fox universe in mind most of the time when imagining this. Doctor Strange opens a portal to an alternate reality and ta da! It is the simplest and most straightforward mash-up, but it is just that, a forced crossover or mash-up.The problems with this are that it is boring, with no new storytelling to be found. Any prior stories told could tarnish the brand integrity of the MCU, reducing the overall narrative quality. Creatively, it is the equivalent of a toddler smashing two different toys together and making explosion noises.This idea is my least favorite.B. Supreme BeingsAnother go-to solution from comic book fans is introducing the Living Tribunal, One Above All, or another powerful super-entity to simply “make it happen”. In these scenarios, the veil is lifted, the nature of all existence is revealed, timelines are altered, other dimensions… It basically spins into another version of the previous solution.This is literally a “hand of God” solution, which in storytelling is known as “deus ex machina”. The writer finds themselves in a corner, and to get to their plot destination, they boil down their narrative to “it just happens”, without any logic-driven cause and effect. It’s a non-sequitur.Supreme beings are pretty cool, but they also spoil the mystery.C. Mutants Already ExistAnother common thought is that they’re already there, just unseen on screen. This solution most often aims to keep time period-based origin stories such as Magneto, Wolverine, or Apocalypse intact.The main flaw here is that mutant powers are often far beyond the average Avenger, often on par with Scarlet Witch more than Captain America. These powerful mutations throughout history would not go unnoticed, and would also dilute the significance of super soldiers to the average MCU resident. They’re simply too powerful and fascinating to have escaped notice thus far.D. Professor X MindwipeThis was the first idea that caught my attention creatively. Mutants have been here, almost as we’ve seen them from Fox, but due to some cataclysmic showdown or extinction threat, Professor X, using Cerebro, erases all knowledge and memory of mutants from existence and hides those remaining in Genosha or some remote island. We meet them by their re-emergence.While this does preserve origins and solve the issue of mutants standing out and causing trouble (or helping), it also falls apart for a couple of reasons.Erasing memory of mutants is an incredibly temporary solution, given the existence of the trouble-starters. Many mutants are not good-natured, and would resurface. Powerful mutants also would not stand idle in the wake of the Chitauri, Ultron, or Thanos.Lastly, storytelling becomes limited to what has been done in the comics, some of which has also been done successfully on screen. The solution, while technically workable, is very contrived and still feels like smashing an unknown dimension into the equation.E. Scarlet Witch/House of MThis solution gets a lot of circulation. The idea is that Scarlet Witch’s power is fully realized and she uses chaotic reality-warping magic to create mutants, in an inverted “House of M” storyline.I love the Scarlet Witch character and Elizabeth Olsen’s portrayal, and would love to see her powers advance. Her mutation was unlocked by the cosmic energy of an Infinity Stone. The fact that her mutation was unlocked this way means having her warp reality is not necessary. She is, ironically, the best argument against this method.Infinity War established that Wanda’s magic is the same “frequency” as the stones. I would not be opposed to her overloading and blasting the earth with her magic to trigger widespread mutation and having a legacy as the Mother of all Mutant-kind. For that reason, this concept has my lukewarm approval.But there are better in-universe ties to mutants.F. Infinity Stone FalloutThis was my go-to answer for a while. It’s clear that Infinity Stone experimentation on humans (Wanda/Pietro) can trigger mutation.After Avengers 4, it is almost guaranteed that the Infinity Stones will be permanently destroyed. Their further use would be extremely redundant and uninteresting. Since we know mutants can be effectively created by this mutation, it is not a stretch to suggest the resulting energies dispersed by these cosmic singularities could cause widespread mutations across the planet on which they were destroyed.Bruce Banner would exclaim that affected mutants give off the same gamma signatures as the stones or some other technobabble, the same as was used with Loki’s scepter.G. Inhumans/TerrigenesisThe one major drawback of introducing mutants by Infinity Stone radiation is that it ignores the fact that inhumans already exist in the MCU and are almost identical to mutants.Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. seasons 2 and 3 revealed the fact that ancient Kree geneticists had experimented on primitive humans to breed a stock of superpowered killers. The dormant genes are activated through exposure to crystals called terrigen. The target is encased in a stone cocoon briefly and emerge with powers, a process known as terrigenesis.In the comics, the only difference between the inhumans and the mutants is that inhumans were a genetic experiment by the Kree, and the mutants were a genetic experiment by Celestials. Mutant powers present naturally at puberty.The first Inhuman was known as Hive, and the worship of his tentacled visage was the basis for the original supernatural cult that would later become HYDRA. Hive is ancient and powerful, so he is sort of an inhuman parallel to En Sabah Nur/Apocalypse.Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. has told this story, and an inhuman epidemic became an entire political stage, with registration under the Sokovia Accords being a signNow issue for them. The inhabitants of the current MCU are aware that inhumans exist.Inhumans shown on screen have exhibited duplication (like Multiple Man), electricity manipulation (like Storm), telepathy (like Charles Xavier), and manipulation of minerals (like Magneto). Familiar mutants could just be introduced as inhumans.The biggest issues are that film audiences need to learn about inhumans, and terrigenesis is not as simple as mutation, or as powerful symbolically, as it appears to be done to the subject rather than just being part of who they are.However, the fact that audiences will soon be reminded of Phil Coulson’s existence in Captain Marvel suggests he may come back, allowing for easier explanation of the existing SHIELD/inhumans subplot. And since the Eternals are on the horizon, we’re likely to see more historical interference of alien pseudo-deities as plot points, as seen with Asgardians.H. Quantum MutantsI’m writing this after Ant-Man and the Wasp but before Avengers 4.Janet Van Dyne was rescued from the Quantum Realm after decades, and she displayed extra-ordinary powers upon re-emerging. She was mutated/evolved by her time in the Quantum Realm.Avengers 4 will very likely involve some Quantum Realm tinkering, and many speculate that the “souls” of those who were snapped by Thanos are trapped in either ‘Soul World’ or the Quantum Realm. It may be that the Quantum Realm can facilitate the resurrection and return of T’Challa, Peter Parker, and Stephen Strange to carry on their franchises.If half of the planet suddenly returns to existence from the Quantum Realm, it’s possible they could gradually present mutations over time, like those of Janet Van Dyne. Mutants could be born overnight, and in sufficient enough numbers to be impactful to the storyline.The changes may not be immediate and may take a few years to manifest. Depending on time travel shenanigans in Avengers 4, that could give the MCU enough time to prepare for the entry of notable mutants in Phase 5 (2023).We don’t know which direction the MCU is taking Janet Van Dyne, but she could become a lot more important this way.The character of Erik Lehnsherr may have simply experienced concentration camps without any powers and receives powers at an old age before seeking his revenge, so it may even be possible to preserve certain origin elements.It’s a stretch and doesn’t really service inhumans, but it would be brand new creative territory, which is something I think Marvel Studios prefers over copying the comics.ConclusionThe most likely methods of introduction will involve unlocking the dormant genes with some form of powerful widespread radiation or other substance such as terrigen. It could also happen due to planetary exposure to the same cosmic radiation cloud that gives the Fantastic Four their abilities.Most elegant: The Infinity Stone explosion, as it transitions straight from one storyline into the next. Most efficient: The Inhumans storyline. They already exist and there’s plenty to work with, including Quake.Most creative: Janet Van Dyne and the quantum mutants, using the unknown to achieve seemingly “impossible” powers.Any of those three would work for me.BONUS: I originally created this graphic to matchup how each stone’s energy could correlate with certain mutations. I don’t think the general audience will care about these details, so feel free to ignore this.
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