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FAQs
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What are some mind blowing facts about the Indian Air Force?
Indian Air Force is an interesting topic to read and know about with many jaw-dropping facts that are particularly unbeknownst to the general populace of one of the largest air forces in the world. Here I will discuss some 11 amazing facts about the Indian Air Force from past and the present which I hope , people would like to know about :A. When IAF inducted 140 Fighters in just 1.5 years !You read that right. After the 1965 Indo-Pak War , Indian Air Force was heavily modernizing its combat fleet and to stop the squadron numbers from diminishing. For this purpose , Sukhoi Su-7 was selected which was the first Sukhoi to serve in Indian Air Force. The procurement were done in a record time which were quite unprecedented as Indian Air Force went on to induct 140 Su-7 in just 1.5 Years which was almost 8 Fighters each month. No.26 Squadron first converted to Su-7 followed by No.101 Squadron and during the induction process , IAF raised some 6 Strike Squadrons which served with distinction during the 1971 Indo-Pak War.B. When an Indian Air Force Mig-25 shot the sun !A Lamborghini Huracan Avio posing in front of the MiG-25 Foxbat at Indian Air Force Museum at Palam AFSOn 24th October 1995 , an IAF Mig-25 ‘Garuda’ flown by Group Captain, Air Marshal Mukerji shot the sun during the total solar eclipse which might sound simple but was quite challenging as the pilots were required to be specialized in navigation and earth’s geometry. An upward looking camera was cued by the pilot towards the sun while another pilot flew the ‘Garuda’ in the exact direction as the earth rotated around the sun. They filmed the magnificent scene from the stratosphere for one and more minutes. Mig-25 was one of the legends of Indian Air Force which served as a Strategic Reconnaissance Aircraft and its presence was kept as a secret for many years as it flew many hostile High-Risk Sorties in enemy airspace clicking high defenition pictures of enemy installments on the ground.C. Indian Air Force ‘Mammoth Formation’ :The largest Indian Air Force Formation flew from Ambala Air Force Station on 1987–88 which was nicknamed the “Mammoth Formation”. These aircrafts consisted of Canberra Bomber Aircraft , Mig-25 “Garuda” , Mig-29 “Baaz” , Ajeet , Mirage 2000 , Mig-27 “Bahadur” , Hawker Hunter , Jaguar “Shamsher” , Mig-23MF and finally the good-old Mig-21.D. When an Indian Air Force Military Transport Aircraft flew without using propellers :Here is an Indian Air Force C-119G Flying Boxcar Military Transport Aircraft somewhere in 1960s. If you closely notice this particular photo , the propellers are idle and the engine has been put off. Now you must be wondering how is this particular aircraft flying.This has been made possible only by its Orpheus Jet pod which has been placed on top of its fuselage. The aircraft is flying solely due to the power supplied by the pod as it was utilized by IAF to shorten the takeoff distance thereby enabling the aircraft of Short Takeoff and Landing Capabilities. IAF also used the J34 turbojet engine for short take-off and IAF’s C-119 also holds the record for being the first aircraft to take-off from the Daulat Beg Oldi with an Orpheus Pod.E. How was Garud Commando Force established :In early stages , PARA SF and MARCOS Officers advised the top brass of Indian Air Force to establish a dedicated Commando Force modeled on the Commando Force of Royal Air Force Regiment. They also advised IAF Officers to procure few numbers of C-130J Strategic Airlifters which can be used to air drop the Commandos in Combat Search and Rescue Missions and also in high-threat missions. Garuds were established on same lines as RAF Regiments and were trained on similar lines as PARA SF and MARCOS though the top brass of Indian Air Force did not pay heed to the second recommendation and no additional C-130J were procured.F. Indian Air Force was the first Air Force to Operate Fighter Jets in Asia :Indian Air Force inducted de Havilland Vampires with the No.7 Squadron “Battle Axes” in 1949 making Indian Air Force the first Air Force in Asia to induct Fighter Jets in its inventory. Vampire served in almost all Fighter Squadrons of Indian Air Force for a span of over 3 decades as a Fighter-Bomber and Reconnaissance Aircraft.G. Indian Air Force was the first Air Force to induct an indigenous Fighter Jet in Asia (outside Soviet Union ) :HF-24 was the first indigenous Fighter Jet which was inducted by an Asian Air Force outside Soviet Union. Conceptualized for Air Staff Requirement (ASR) as a Multi-Role Fighter jet , HF-24 was never realized to its true potential as it was primarily used as a Fighter-Bomber for Ground Attacks. It was inducted by No.10 Daggers Squadron of Indian Air Force in April 1967 making Indian Air Force the first Asian Air Force outside Soviet Union to induct an indigenously made Fighter Jet.H. When an Indian Air Force Mig-21 almost shot down an Indian Helicopter in a Special Operation :During 1971 Indo-Pak War , an Indian Alouette 3 helicopter was flying for a Special Operation in a hostile zone where no supposed friendlies were to be spotted. The helicopter was spotted by an Indian Air Force Mig-21 who decided to engage the helicopter by firing its 57mm Rockets , considering it an enemy asset , which was quickly dodged off by the Alouette Pilot. Realizing his miscalculation , he decided to re-engage the helicopter but that attack was also dodged off by the helicopter pilot. This time the Mig-21 pilot did not wanted to take any risk and closely approached the Helicopter and finally noticed the Indian markings on it. He sighed in relief as he has almost shot down the friendlies.I. Ashok Chakra Roundel for Indian Air Force :After Independence in 1947 , Indian Air Force adopted new markings for its Fighter Aircrafts in June 1948 to distinguish itself from the Royal Indian Air Force Markings. The roundel adopted by Indian Air Force was a ‘Ashok Chakra’ on the Fuselage and the wings. Since these roundels were difficult to paint in correct dimensions , they were soon replaced by Saffron White Green Roundels . Nevertheless these Ashok Chakra Roundels saw service during the 1947–48 Kashmir War when IAF Aircrafts flew with these markings.J. Missiles on Overwing Pylons !Indian Air Force utilized the unusual provision on the SEPECAT Jaguar Aircrafts to mount Air-to-Air Missiles like Matra R.550 Magic on overwing pylons thus freeing the underwing pylons to carry other weapons like Bombs and Missiles. The advantage of this was a quick height gain for Air-to-Air Missiles when they are launched at enemy interceptors at higher altitude who might arrive in the scene to intercept the low flying Jaguar Strike Aircraft. It also helped in additional payload carrying capacity for the Jaguars and is truly an amazing capability with an IAF Fighter still in service after 3 decades.K. First Indian Air Force Fighter with an InfraRed Search and Track System :IRST is a system deployed on Aircrafts to detect and track potential hostiles by scanning their Infrared Signatures. Indian Air Force was one of the first Air Force to deploy an IRST System on it's frontline Fighter Aircraft. IAF's Mig-23MF was fitted with TP-23 IRST at its undernose with the legacy continued by Su-30MKIs and Mig-29UPG at present and by Rafales in future.L. ‘Eye in the Sky' for Indian Air Force :India has acquired 3 EL/W-2090 Airborne Early Warning and Control Radar System from Israel to serve as the ‘Eye in the Sky' for Indian Air Force mounted on A-50EI Platform . This Radar System was adjudged as the most advanced AEW&C by Federation of American Scientists in 1999 and 2008 Articles. It can detect a fighter sized target at a distance of 500 kilometres relying on its L-Band AESA radar. It can also carry out L-band radar, then adds electronic and communications intelligence gathering (ELINT and COMINT ).Hope my answer serves the purpose =)References :Sukhoi-7 BMK - A whale of a fighterhttps://www.livefistdefence.com/...This Stunning Old Photo Of An IAF ‘Mammoth Formation’ Just Showed UpEL/W-2090 - WikipediaStory behind missiles over the wings (25 Photos)https://www.secretprojects.co.uk...Indian Air Force Gallery :: De Havilland Vampire F3 and FB52 (Single Seaters) - Bharat RakshakRoundels (Independence and Chakra)HAL HF-24 Marut - Wikipedia
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What do you do everyday to promote your website?
Great question!There are several ways that you can promote your website. Here are a few of my favorites:Schedule social media posts (blog articles, quotes, bit size content from your website) via Hootsuite to post on multiple channels such to get maximum signNow.Channels such as Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, TwitterLook up hashtags specific to your business on Twitter and engage with others or even better yet provide them a free resource that you’re giving away (preferably one that leads back to your site).Engage with people on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram by asking questions, answering questions, and starting new conversations.Pin new content on Pinterest a couple of times a week.There are many ways you can promote your website and it’s hard to not to get overwhelmed–so pick a few and give them a try. Once you’re ready you can always do more to promote.
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How can I apply for a UK visa from a European country when I am in the EU country on a work visa? I am an Indian national.
Unfortunately, many non-EEA nationals living in Germany need a visa to travel to the UK as a Schengen visa or German residency permit doesn’t allow entry to the UK. In this answer, I will try to explain the process of getting a Visa (tourist) for non-EEA nationals living in Germany.SEE ALSO: https://thehonest.blog/uk-visit-...Do I need a UK Visa?Before you visit the UK, the most important question you should ask is: Do I need a Visa? You can check if you need a UK Visa here: https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa/yFollow the simple steps:Select your countrySelect the intention for your visit to the UK. For example, if you want to visit the UK as a tourist, select “Tourism”Select if you will be traveling with or visiting either your partner or a family member in the UK. If you are traveling with or visiting either your partner or a family member in the UK, you will be asked to select if you have an article 10 residence card.What is an article 10 residence card? Read HereAfter following the above steps, you will be shown if you need a visa or not. In case if you need a visa, you will also be informed of the exact visa type you will need.UK Standard Visitor visaThis type of visa is valid for:visiting the UK on holidayto see your family and friends,do business (for example, conference, meeting, etc; but you CANNOT do paid or unpaid work),take part in sports or creative events, orreceive private medical treatment.Study for up to 30 days (as far as it is not the main reason for your visit)It is valid for up to 6 months from the date of issue and costs £93 (as of Sept. 2018), excluding User pay fee (£59) and fees for any selected Value added services at TLScontact. The last time I applied for a UK standard visitor visa (July 2018), I paid €176 including User pay fee and an additional €30 for express courier return (value-added service).UK Visa type: Standard VisitorFees (as of Sept 2018): Visa Fee: £93, User pay fee: £59Validity: Up to 6 months (multi-entry)Earliest you can apply: 3 months before the intended date of travelAverage processing time: 2~3 weeks (maybe longer during the rush season)Visa centers in Germany: Düsseldorf, Munich, BerlinHow to apply?Go to https://www.visa4uk.fco.gov.uk/h... and create an account (if you don’t have one already; otherwise log in to your existing account).Login into your visa4uk account and select: “Apply for myself” – if you are applying for yourself “Apply for someone else” – if you are applying for a family member or a friendFill in the form that appears. Make sure you fill in all the details as mentioned in your passport and other supporting documents. You may see a notification that says “Please note there is an additional fee…”. This refers to the User Pay fee mentioned above.Select the visa type, that was suggested by https://www.gov.uk/check-uk-visa/yNote the reference number starting with “GWF”. It will be needed later on.Now select “Create application”Now select “go to application” and fill in all the details thoroughly.Sign the declaration (Electronic Signature)Book an appointment (You will have to select a location from Düsseldorf, Munich or Berlin). In my experience, Düsseldorf has the fastest processing time. You can check the visa processing times here: https://visa-processingtimes.hom...Pay the visa fee (~ €176 in Aug 2018). There are many options to pay the visa fee like PayPal, Master/Visa cards, Maestro cards, etc. Note: If you want to withdraw your application, you may only get a full refund of visa fee if you cancel the appointment and submit a written request at least 5 days before your scheduled appointment.Once the payment is successful, go to https://uk.tlscontact.com/de/dus...Select the same location from step 8 at TLScontact website.Click register (if you don’t already have an account). Otherwise login into your existing account.Click “Add an applicant” (Blue button at bottom of the page).Enter the GWF number from “step 5”, all other details as mentioned in your passport.If you select the return courier service, it will cost you €30 in addition. If you don’t select this service, you will have to come back to the visa center to pick up your passport after the visa is issued (or rejected). I would highly recommend this service if you don’t live near one of the visa centers.A list of Required Documents is mentioned here: UK visit visa for Non-EEA nationals living in Germany - The Honest BlogVisa appointmentYou and every who is applying with you (friends/family) have to be present in person.Carry all required documents in original (to be on the safer side) and a photocopy (A4 size). In case you forget to get a photocopy, most visa centers have a photocopying machine (but they charge as much as 50 cents per copy).Arrive at the visa appointment location 15 minutes in advance.Don’t carry too much luggage or any dangerous items – your bags will be checked before allowing you to enter in.In case if you have opted for courier return for your passport, you may be asked to fill an additional form confirming the return address.Once your name / GWF number is called, you have to submit all the documents followed by biometrics (fingerprints and photo will be taken). Note: There are no British officials present at the time of document collection. There will be no formal visa interview. You will not be asked any questions (only document collection). The TLScontact representatives will blindly collect the documents you provide them. They will not tell you if something is missing or is extra. It is your duty to make sure you provide all the documents you want to be considered for your visa process (There is no harm in providing an extra document, but failing to provide even a single required document can result in a rejection). Note: Make sure you have don’t have any tattoos (like Henna) on your fingers that will hamper them from obtaining fingerprints.TLScontact will retain your current passport and copy of all the documents. You will be given a TLScontact checklist (Example below) and sent a confirmation email as well.This is the end of the visa application procedure. Note: There are some paid value-added services that allow you to apply and keep hold of your passport during the decision making process. You will have to submit the passport at a later point in time for visa stamping.Normally, after 2-3 weeks you will receive a notification email that your passport is ready for collection. You can track the progress of your visa on TLScontact website.Passport collectionIf you have opted for express courier return, you will receive your passport by courier (Usually it is sent by DHL express. You have to be present at home to collect it as a signature is needed. It is not delivered to neighbors or Packstation).If you have opted for express courier return, you will need to go the visa application center with the following documents to collect your passport (once you receive a confirmation that the passport is ready for collection):TLScontact checklist.Original and photocopy of a Photo-ID (for example: Driving license or Aufenthaltstitel).If collected by someone else, they will need original Authorisation form and representative’s valid photo ID document (copy & original) in addition to the above two documents.If collecting for a minor, a copy of the birth certificate is required.
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Why are Chinese products cheaper?
In the words of Tim Cook: "The popular conception is that companies come to China because of low labor costs. I'm not sure what part of China they go to, but the truth is China stopped being the low labor cost country years ago. That is not the reason to come to China from a supply point of view, the reason is because of the skill."Let us look at the concept of labor or the involvement of labor in an every-day product. Let us compare 2 products: a plastic fork vs a plush toy. Although both products fall on opposite spectrums of the consumer life cycle (one disposable whilst the other one is reusable), both are sure to be made in China.A plastic fork is made from food-grade Polystyrene (PS) plastic pellets or beads through a process known as plastic inject molding. In here the pellets are heated in a molding machine to a viscous state and are injected into a mold. The mold produces multiple sets of forks within a matter of seconds and from there on it’s as simple as detaching the forks from a sacrificial (?) holder or tool (this is also made of PS and in most cases is recycled). From here the product is moved into packaging and then sent out of the factory for export. A fully automated machine can be set to run continuously 24 hours a day with very little monitoring by a worker, thus being a low labor product.Now, let us look at that plush toy. The stuffed animal is comprised of textile material for the cover, stuffing, two eyes and a nose. The material must be cut into pieces, sewn together and stuffed. The nose, eyes and mouth are sewn onto the material together and stuffed, requiring skilled labor(-). The cutting of the pieces may be done by hand or by machine, but the pieces are sewn together by a worker using a high-speed sewing machine. Next comes the insertion of stuffing – this is rather complex for a machine to do, as such the insertion is done by hand and the insertion point is also manually closed. It is evident that this requires much labor, therefore, this type of a product is considered a high labor product with labor contributing 70% of the total cost [1]. In the end, much like a fork, the product is moved and packaged for export.Because labor is only one part of the total cost of a product, and in many cases it's as low as 20% of the total cost, – this must indicate that there may be other factors at play in making Chinese products, such as the fork. If labor were the only factor, then most of the “plush toy/labor intensive” industries would have shifted to other countries – but only some industries already have e.g. Bangladesh, Vietnam and Mongolia to name just a few. To that extent, manufacturing of plastic forks could possibly return to the USA; but that’s not happening.Industrial production does not take place in isolation, but rather relies on networks of suppliers, component manufacturers, distributors, government agencies and customers who are all involved in the process of production through competition and cooperation. The ecosystem of doing business in China has evolved quite a lot in the last thirty years. Here are the additional factors, including labor, that affect the overall cost of manufacturing and thus make Chinese exports cheaper:A. Commendable supply chain: Supply chain activities transform natural resources, raw materials, and components into a finished product that is delivered to the end customer. No country, at present, has a supply chain more sophisticated yet flexible than China. China’s biggest advantage is their domestic availability of most of the raw materials required to manufacture a given product [2]. Not only are private entities involved in the process of outputting raw material for manufacturing. Rather, many Chinese State Owned Enterprises (SoEs) actively control and output raw materials for small factories to transform into ready-made goods. If the government is involved in such activities, it is safe to assume that this is an active industry that requires not only oversight and monitoring, but active involvement. Access to affordable raw materials helps bring down manufacturing costs to a considerable extent. As a result, having suppliers who are local to the manufacturer has gained importance as a way to cut costs[6].B. Rebate upon Export: The export tax rebate policy was initiated in 1985 by China as a way to boost the competitiveness of its exports by abolishing double taxation on exported goods[7]. China is one of over 150 countries that utilize a Value Added Tax (VAT) system. It is a tax only on the "value added" to a product, material, or service at every state of its manufacture or distribution. The VAT rate is generally 17%, or 13% for some goods. Chinese companies receive a VAT refund from the government for materials of products produced for export. Basically, factories that export do not pay any VAT on goods or raw materials used made for export – further subsidizing raw material costs. American imports to China are charged a VAT, but the U. S. doesn't have a VAT to charge Chinese imports. Moreover, Chinese manufacturers work with far lower profit margins than those in the U.S.C. Efficient Infrastructure and Logistical Access: In its fast-paced effort towards industrialization, China has built many ports (big and small), roads and railroad access. Such a system is not secluded to the big cities (Tier 1 or Tier 2 cities), it connects all of them, including Tier 4 cities or small towns used as industrial manufacturing zones. Having an efficient logistical system allows for cheaper travel costs –the cost of units (kilometers or miles) per currency (dollar or RMB) decreases. Also, an efficient infrastructure reduces overall downtime. Such is the case of India, as pointed out by Vaibhav Mandhana [3]: “Given the poor roads, a shipment from India's north can take a week or more to signNow India's south. Sometimes it is quicker and cheaper to actually get a shipment from Shenzhen than Kolkata. Time is money and all those delays add to your cost. If I could get something in two days, I could sell it immediately rather than wait two months to sell it [add up the interest costs]”"The road freight from LA to Nevada will cost you a lot more than the sea freight from China to LA."[5]D. Subsidized Utilities and Availability: Within China’s industrial areas many fixed and variable production costs are heavily subsidized. For example: electricity and water are subsidized up to 30% compared to normal household or commercial zones. Moreover, the local government gives support with land access at competitive rates, creating jobs in the area. This further helps to diminish the cost of the end product – after all you have access to cheaper land, water and light (What manufacturing does not require these? - Hell, even mining bitcoin does!). In non-industrialized or not fully industrialized countries (Indonesia, Vietnam, India), access to water and electricity remains a critical issue, until today. “In Coimbatore and other industrial places, you get power for like eight hours a day. That means the machinery lies idle for sixteen hours and that wasted capacity adds to the cost.”Do we see a trend of several factors, other than labor, which affect the overall cost of the product? Hold on, there are more!E. Bureaucracy: Barriers for entry in China, in this context, are extremely low. Although you need to fill out a huge number of papers (Customs Declaration Form, Land Annexation, Tax Filing, Compliance Related Documentation, Drawback/Rebate Forms, Annual Returns and etc.), the process is not complex. Relevant departments and accountability are there; you do not need to grease palms to get what you need; streamlined government policies are in place. Again, non-industrialized countries do not have many of these processes in place – they are in the early stages, whereas China has been through all this. I am not saying China is pure and not corrupt, there might be corruption in some cases, but the overall industrial process is so deeply rooted, that people just follow established guidelines. Greasing palms and running around places to get a stamp or a signature causes further delays (time is money) and increases overall costs. This is considered more as “Political Will” than bureaucracy; meaning the government’s will to allow you to do business is prominent thus reducing barriers for you to do business or manufacture or engage in services.F. Technology and Automation/ Skilled Labor: It would be unreasonable to discard China’s interconnectivity between technological advancement and manufacturing capacity. They work hand-in-hand. Availability of the latest technology to manufacture products of a high quality on a large scale. And let's be honest, scalability can be a very important factor in deciding price of a product. Apart from technology, China has a large population, thus having a bigger access to a wide talent pool. Availability to a greater talent pool decreases the overall demand as there is an oversupply – again, denting the costs of the product. If you recall, Tim Cook's main reason for manufacturing in China is: the depth of highly skilled labor in the manufacturing space. To rephrase what Cook said: "No other country in the world besides China has the combination of an electronic component supply chain and large pools of skilled labor needed to make iPhones on the scale which Apple needs."G. Labor: It is comparatively cheaper to many so-called “developed countries”. You can have someone do the same labor task for a comparatively lower price than say Europe or the USA for that matter. This further brings down costs. As noted before, it is not the cheapest – but it is not the most expensive either. What is important to remember here is that labor in China, is skilled – although most laborers are not trained, but have learned by doing. When you outsource to China, you’re working with time-tested factories that have been producing quality products in similar industries as yours for years on end, and in massive supply.Where a labor task might cost you $8-9 USD/hour in developed countries, it will cost you $450-500 USD for an entire month in China (8 hours a day, 28 days a month). If you do the math, that’s about $2.19 USD/hour. Countries like Indonesia a semi-skilled laborer will do it for half, $1.05 USD/hour – but the manufacturing process will be influenced by factors all the factors mentioned.H. Local Government: Local government officials are appointed, not elected. Part of their job is to help the industries and they are measured by results. Furthermore, locals compete with each other. That means Suzhou is competing with Chengdu to attract industries, and so on. Hence officials are always using their local advantages to help, attract, and grow industries, such as providing low cast land, building industrial parks, and making sure that the support infrastructure (roads, electricity, water, etc.) even local housing and schools are there. Since these officials are not elected locally, their actions are much more efficient rather than dealing a motion to go through town hall meetings or waiting for a ballot to pass for months. The downside of such efficiency could be that some environmental studies were not complete or many local concerns are not addressed fully (All credit for how to local governments operate within China go to Mr. James Yeh ).Here are few controversial factors, claimed by several sources:I. Currency: There is the ever-present theory of currency manipulation among economists, where China undervalues their currency by an estimated 30%-40%, which simply makes every product that China ships out 30-40% cheaper than those of a potential American competitor. The Yuan is manipulated and pegged undervalued to the US dollar [2]. So the price quoted in US dollars( more exports are quoted in dollars), will be cheaper than normal; (This manipulation has affected the domestic price of the product and labor wages as it has been kept much lower than it should have been. The Chinese yuan has, however, been steadily increasing in value against the dollar over the past few years.J. Compliance: The Chinese government does not bind itself with Intellectual Property issues. They allow the industry to investigate the products developed successfully elsewhere in the world. They then produce them in large quantities. Personally, there is nothing wrong in this benchmarking. Most industries do benchmark; especially in the automotive world. This saved the industry from expensive investments in R&D [4]. Although China has its own environmental protection agency, the environmental protection laws are generally lax and not enforced fully, especially at the local level. In previous years, Chinese factories cut down on waste management costs -further bringing down overall product costs. Things have been different lately, thanks to the strong efforts from the national government. Laws on IP and environmental protection are being enforced, especially after the Hangzhou G20 summit. There is still some belief that more needs to be done.If cheap labor was in itself the key driving factor, a large percentage of the labor-intensive factories would have already shifted to cheaper labor countries and lower labor-intensive jobs would have returned to the countries such as the USA - because China is not the synonym for cheap labor anymore. But that's not what we are experiencing; only certain jobs within the manufacturing field are moving to South East Asia. A huge chunk is there and is still able to reap the benefits of various factors. It will take more than a cutthroat desire for emerging economies to set up a business ecosystem that can compete with China's.Wow now over 1,000 Thanks for your upvotes! If you would be kind enough to give a like for this same article on my LinkedIn profile: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/w...Footnotes:1. https://www.industryweek.com/env...2. https://qr.ae/TUtz1K3. https://qr.ae/TUtzTO4. https://labs.ebanx.com/en/market...5. Walter Hay's answer to How expensive is it to import to Nevada from China?6. 5 Reasons Why You Should Manufacture In China With ITI[7] China Will Continue To Dominate World Production
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What is a payday loan, and why are they so bad?
This is a loan intended to be short term “payday” came about as it was intended to be a loan to carry you over till you got your next paycheck.As others have noted they are very high interest rate loans. Having such a loan for a short period of time (1–2 weeks) is expensive but not unmanageable. If you take such a loan off and take a long time to pay it off, then it will cost you a fortune in interest payments.The main issue is that when you get the loans they have 1–2 year terms on them, thus the payments may seem like they are not too bad monthly, but in reality you are paying a lot of interest and little on the principle so over that time you may pay double or triple the loan you took out (assuming you don’t just pay it off right away.The secondary issue is that these loans tend to be geared towards and given to lower income people with bad credit. Someone with good credit, even with low income, likely can have a credit card that could cover some unexpected expense, which is still high interest rate but no where near as bad as a payday loan… people with bad credit however will turn to payday loans, and there is a reason they have bad credit and this is normally related to their lack of ability to manage money. Take someone who is not good at managing money, give them a high interest loan and a long time to pay it off and it is very bad for the consumer.The final issue is that people also don’t use these loans for what they should be used for. This likely falls back to the poor money management part of things. People will take one of these loans out so they can buy a video game system or a new big TV, not to cover a necessity till the next paycheck. Basically this starts a spiral of debt on the heads of people who in general cannot afford it.
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How does bitcoin work? Who actually pays for the mining done?
Approximately once every 10 minutes since January 3, 2009 at 18:15:05 UTC, one miner in the world has found/will find a valid Bitcoin block that meets the current difficulty requirements. When that happens, the block reward and the transaction fees will be distributed to the wallet(s) configured by that miner in that block. These two sources make up all of a miner’s income.Block rewards are the only way that new Bitcoins are min[t]ed. The block reward started at 50 BTC/block and halves every 210,000 blocks. This is why the current block reward is 12.5 BTC/block as of Sept 2017.Transaction fees for a block are the sum of the fees paid for all new transactions included in that block. For example, I might send you .5 BTC and specify a fee of .00004 BTC as incentive for miners to include that transaction in their block. The first miner to include that transaction in an accepted block will then earn that .00004 BTC in addition to the block reward and fees from other included transactions.Early on, transaction fees were a negligible source of miner income since there were very few transactions and the block reward was high. However, as the block reward diminishes and the number of transactions grows this trend will reverse and block rewards will become negligible and transaction fees will dominate earnings.Mining pools are another layer on top of this. Instead of the reward and fees going to a single miner, they instead have a number of miners pooling their efforts and splitting the rewards based on that pool's rules. In this way, if it would normally take you 10,000 years on average to find a block by yourself, you can instead join a mining pool and get small fractions of a block reward regularly based on your mining contribution and the pool's rules.Compare that to solo mining without a mining pool, where until you find a valid block you won't get a single Satoshi.
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How does a Tesla coil work?
Dumb people version. When you take a wire and pass electrical current through it, some of that energy is stored as a magnetic field. That magnetic field will be larger than the wire itself. If you form the wire into a coil, the magnetic field becomes, in dumb people terms, more stronger. It’s just like when you wrapped wire around a nail in science class and attached a battery. Wow. Magnetism! An invisible attractive force that passes through thin air!When the current is turned off, the magnetic field, and the energy it stores, needs a place to go, so it collapses and induced an electric current into any nearby conductive material, like your coil.If you have another coil nearby, and you turn that electrical current on and off really fast, some of the energy stored in that magnetic field will induce a current into the other, secondary coil, even though they aren’t directly connected (what’s known as galvanic or electrical isolation, but ignore that. Remember, we’re dumb). This is called a transformer, because by using coils made of wire in varying thicknesses or by increasing or decreasing the ratio of turns on the two coils, an increase or decrease of voltage can be produced. Think of it like water passing through a pipe with a 6″ diameter. Couple that to a pipe with a 1″ diameter. What happens? The water pressure and rate of flow increases. Smart people will tell you that this is the hydrodynamic model’s equivalent of a series resistor, not a transformer, and that the hydrodynamic model of electrical current flow is flawed and misleading. Just drool a bit and talk about your shrimp boat, eventually they’ll leave.Anyway, that’s kind of how an old-style wall-wart power adapter can take the 120 volts AC of voltage (big pipe) coming from your power grid, and decrease it to the 9 volts (little pipe) that your boombox needs to play your favorite Italo-disco casettes. There’s also a thing called rectification but remember, dumb. Let’s move on.Just like your ghetto blaster’s wall-wart can take a big number like 120 and turn it into a small number like 9 through the magic of electrical current switching on and off rapidly through a coil of wire in close proximity to another, smaller* coil, the opposite is true. In the case of a tesla coil, it consists, among other things, of a coil that is a very thick pipe but it’s kind of short. Copper tubing for refrigeration condensers are a common, affordable option. Sitting above that is a coil of thin wire, like our thin pipe, wound thousands of times around an electrically inert material, like glass or some plastics. The (relatively) low voltage and high current (voltage=rate of water flow through the pipe, current=water volume, or inner diameter of pipe) and as the electricity is rapidly turned on and off, the magnetic field, which has no place to go and turn back into electricity but either the short, fat coil or the long, skinny coil. Because the long, skinny coil is like that thinner pipe, the rate of water flow, or voltage, increases greatly, while the water volume/pipe inner diameter, or current, decreases. Basically, the current drops dramatically, and the voltage correspondingly increases. There’s actually a bunch of dead smart guys, like Faraday, Ohm, Maxwell, Lenz, and Lorentz that figured out how all this stuff worked so that you could figure out what’s going on in the small pipe based on what you know about the big pipe.Now this won’t work with a battery, which is like turning on a water valve. It’s a direct current. That magnetic field will persist, and we need it to collapse so that it’s stored energy induces an electric current in that secondary, tiny pipe coil. We need to turn the water on and off really, really fast. Nikola Tesla, with his awesome autistic genius brain, and awesomer serbian moustache, figures out that two conductors separated by air will only conduct electricity when there is enough energy to ionize the air and make it susceptible to the flow of current. TMore on how that works later. But this was a simple, effective means of creating a series of rapid pulses of electricity that were of a relatively consistent voltage, which is really important for the whole resonance thing. In fact, spark gaps are still used today by tesla coil enthusiasts and in other high-voltage applications.Now it’s time to talk about resonance. At certain frequencies, waves of energy can sort of stack up and build in strength. You’ve encountered resonance before if you’ve ever pushed someone on a swing. You don’t just give them one hard shove and send them swinging six feet off the ground. You use a series of smaller pushes at a specific interval that, over time, gets that swing, and it’s occupant, high enough to do a super cool jump. Tesla didn’t have any friends, so he never experienced resonance this way, but he figured out that by tuning the primary and secondary coils, along with the frequency of the alternating current pumped into the primary, he could achieve a similar effect, and greatly boost the efficiency and output of his tesla coil. He discovered electricity’s version of pushing someone really good on a swing set so they can do a super sick jump.He also needed a lot of energy to make his tesla coil do a super sick jump through thin air. For that, he used something called a capacitor. I’m going to steer clear of the whole plumbing because it makes for a poor analogy unless you already know how capacitors work, which is recursive and dumb. Too dumb for us. A capacitor stores energy. Remember how our coil stored energy as a magnetic field, and then when the power got turned off, the magnetic field collapsed and turned back into electricity in the coil, or any coil inside that collapsing magnetic field? Capacitors are even easier. They also store charge, except they store it chemically, like a battery. A battery, however, isn’t very good at releasing all of it’s energy at once. A car battery does a decent job, it might take a while to charge, but it has enough jam to crank over your engine. Capacitors are even better at this. Think of an overfilled propane tank. You’re out there drinking beer with your pals, and have some ribeyes on the bbq- grill marks, bud. A battery is like the regulator that slowly delivers the propane to your grill. But because your tank was overfilled by that dope-smoking, whiskey-tango teenaged dumbass at the Home Depot, And because the summer weather is hotter than a folksy metaphor, the burst valve pops and all that propane rushes out in an instant. The burst valve is the capacitor’s dielectric insulator.So Nikola has a huge power source from the generator up at Niagara Falls, he’s pumping that power into capacitors, releasing that power in bursts that are fed to the primary, fat pipe coil as a series of rapid on and off pulses from our spark gap. Net result: a major increase in voltage is produced in the skinny pipe. So much voltage that it has nowhere to go. So much that it ionizes the air, turning it from a gas mixture into what’s known as a plasma, allowing the air to conduct electricity as if it were a wire. Remember that spark gap? Same basic principle. A Tesla coil’s stream of electricity looks like lightning. That’s because It’s a lot like lightning, but with much less energy involved. And, just like lightning, it wants to find the easiest way to the ground, the path of least resistance. Just like…. Water! See, that analogy isn’t so bad. So basically, that lightning bolt coming off of the Tesla coil is trying to find the quickest way back to the generator at Niagara Falls. It can’t get there though, so it will settle for any nearby object that conducts electricity well, completing a circuit to ground. Which in some cases is the actual ground.Because Thomas Edison most likely had Tesla assassinated because he was the Steve Jobs to Tesla’s Wozniak, and LSD hadn’t been invented yet so Edison had zero chill, Tesla never got to enjoy all the perks that came with the arrival of semiconductor technology. Semiconductors are basically bits of stuff that normally don’t let electricity pass through, except under certain conditions- water analogy time. Diodes are one-way valves. they freely let water pass in one direction and block flow in the opposite direction. Transistors and other switching semiconductor components are like… let’s say a needle valve that’s designed in such a way that the valve can be opened by a little bit of water flowing into the valve assembly, which is sealed so that this water can’t flow into the larger pipe, or pipe with a higher flow rate. A little flow/volume can permit the valve to open and allow a lot of flow/volume to pass through. There are variants that are better at letting high flow from a skinny pipe through, or a low flow through a fat pipe through, some are one-way valves, and some are two way valves. Some don’t even need that secondary water supply to open the valve, and will open when the rate of flow is high enough.Alright, transistors are fucking switches. Or relays. It’s not complicated. Anyway, transistors allow higher efficiency and higher frequency than a spinning commutator, so more of the energy from the primary coil is induced in the secondary. Those diodes I mentioned let you build what’s called a voltage multiplier. A common version used by tesla coil enthusiasts is the Cockroft-Walton topology, but there’s a bunch. Tesla coils were just becoming obsolete in industry right around the time that the Marx generator, an early voltage multiplier, came onto the scene.The Tesla coil doesn’t really have any practical uses these days that can’t be achieved more cheaply and easily, but it still looks cool. The concept of resonanct transformers and tuned oscillating circuits is a HUGE deal. The concept is used in switch-mode power supplies, many types of voltage regulators, communications equipment, inverters, power transmission, you name it Baby.*okay smarty pantaloons, there’s conductor resistance, hysteresis, cross-section, geometry, solid/stranded/litz conductor geometries, core permeability, core saturation, and so on. Go away or I’ll talk about my shrimp boat and the time I met LBJ.
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Is the T-14 Armata invincible?
The short response to this question is very simply “No.”The long form answer follows:No. No tank or other weapon system is ‘invincible’, by simple merit of us living in a world ruled by physical laws. The passive and active systems you refer to are meant to extend the potential time period the vehicle can survive in combat before being destroyed if it and its crew are found in a tight spot. These systems are not perfect. They have numerous flaws, drawbacks, and limitations that do not make the vehicle immune to either the law of averages or Newtonian physics.Passive defenses like a low-observable thermal signature, an unmanned turret, and a heavily armored hull are all intended to provide ways the vehicle and its crew can survive while taking extreme care to avoid being seen/detected. If you aren’t detected, it’s hard for someone to shoot you. And if someone isn’t shooting you, you aren’t likely to get hit. And if you don’t get hit, you can’t lose a critical system, component, or suffer injury.But let’s say you do get detected. You have an active protection system that helps decrease the odds that you will get hit, but its nothing like a sure thing that you’ll survive. If a platoon of tanks detect a target, they’re going to put everything they can into that target to try to ensure it doesn’t walk away from the encounter. While this goes for both the Armata and any other tank you can name., the T-14 is not capable of survive multiple or near simultaneous strikes from a variety of angles, much less artillery or air-based anti-tank weapons. APS are intended more to give you a chance to get out of the line of fire so you can survive the engagement if things go wrong.These are general concerns for any tank, though. The T-14 is not the only vehicle in the world with passive and active defense systems mounted. So let’s look at some of the limitations of the Armata in particular.To start with, the design and the basis of how it operates is nothing new to the West. Great Britain, Canada, Germany, France, the United States, all experimented with and worked out the particulars of what would be needed to make a tank with the same general characteristics as the T-14 back in the late 70’s and early 80’s. They opted to set the tech aside because of both the technical limitations of the era, and the problems the system presents in general.Early test photo of the T-14 Armata? Nope, just the M1 Tank Test Bed (TTB).First, it is heavily reliant on an auto-loading system to operate. While this is not new tech, it is tech with signNow drawbacks. First, auto-loaders add a degree of mechanical and technical complexity to a design. This is bad, because it’s one more thing that can jam or otherwise malfunction and requires additional maintenance. For Russia, this isn’t a big deal, ostensibly because they’ve been using auto-loaders for decades, but this one -is- isolated from the crew compartment and that means it requires extra work to fix in the field. Auto-loaders have the added issue that once a round is loaded, it’s difficult if not impossible to switch out the shell. So if you’ve been popping HE at soft targets and suddenly an enemy tank(s) shows up, you have to dump that shell or pray you or you buddies get a lucky shot. Either is bad.Next, it relies almost solely on external sensors for information and detecting the enemy. While these types of sensors have matured signNowly in the past thirty or fourty years, they still are fragile, and they can still provide a lot of tunnel vision, an issue that is always a problem when you are inside of any tank. With the unmanned turret, it’s hard for you to stick your head out to look around or hear what is going on outside of the vehicle unless your gun is not needed at that moment. Why? because on the Armata, all of the crew are situated in front of the turret. You don’t have a hatch situated on the turret so you can take a look at your surroundings or hear what is going on if something has gone wrong. These are very useful things for a TC to do when it is needed.Top down shot of the T-14 Armata. Note the position behind the driver is probably the gunner (though it could be the TC). It does not seem like it can be opened fully while the turret is being used.Notice that two positions are situated where they can open up easily, but the third is partially obscured by the turret. The driver (front right position) is the only one with a hatch that goes up and swings forward and gives him a low profile. I can only assume the TC is to the left, but that hatch clearly does not allow the person to use a ‘half open position’ that allows them to look around with the hatch partially open.TCs hatch on the Abrams. It is designed to swing up, but if you see that hinge and arm that it swings up on, it can also be used like an armored umbrella, to allow the TC to look around from a covered position, even if they are under fire. Why? Because being able to get a look at what is going on with your own eyes without prisms or cameras will always be better if you need to gauge the environment.A tank that is unaware is a tank that is going to get into deep trouble. If the tank is not designed to facilitate awareness and seems to encourage its crew to rely more on its sensors than anything else… well. That’s a big problem in the long term. It means it’ll be a lot more blind than its crew may recognize and give them a false sense of security.T-90. Notice that the commander has an elevated position that would allow him to look around the whole vehicle as well as to hear or see what is going on, as well as take full advantage of a turret down position to observe what is ahead of his vehicle. Also, the TCs hatch can be used as an impromptu shield if things get hairy when he sticks his head out.Others have pointed out that the T-14 has other weaknesses. From logistics to the reality that tanks do not have heavy armor on every surface of the vehicle, to the cost of manufacturing a vehicle that relies on more advanced electronics than Russia can reliably produce. All tanks are vulnerable to concentrated air attacks, T-14 included. An APS is not going to stop a JDAM from making your life miserable. An Armata is also still vulnerable to being immobilized by mines or simply having track unseated or shot out, something called a mobility kill.Don’t get me wrong. The T-14 seems like it’ll be an impressive vehicle when it finishes trials and goes into full production. But we cannot gloss over that it also has its own drawbacks and limitations. And we should refrain from the exaggeration of calling it ‘invincible’ as well. For now, it’s still largely a prototype vehicle and without detailed information that I and others have no access to, we can’t rely on the Russian government to present anything like an unbiased and frank assessment of its real capabilities.
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