Convert Electronic signature Form Mobile
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Convert Electronic signature Form Mobile. Discover one of the most user-warm and friendly experience with airSlate SignNow. Control all of your record processing and discussing program digitally. Move from portable, pieces of paper-centered and erroneous workflows to automated, electronic digital and faultless. It is simple to produce, supply and signal any documents on any gadget anyplace. Ensure that your essential organization instances don't fall over the top.
See how to Convert Electronic signature Form Mobile. Stick to the basic manual to begin:
- Create your airSlate SignNow account in clicks or log on together with your Facebook or Google account.
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- Discover any lawful format, develop on-line fillable forms and discuss them securely.
- Use superior capabilities to Convert Electronic signature Form Mobile.
- Sign, modify signing purchase and collect in-particular person signatures 10 times quicker.
- Set up intelligent reminders and receive notices at every phase.
Relocating your activities into airSlate SignNow is uncomplicated. What practices is a simple approach to Convert Electronic signature Form Mobile, together with tips to keep your colleagues and associates for better collaboration. Encourage your staff with all the very best equipment to keep on top of enterprise operations. Improve productivity and scale your business quicker.
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Which kinds of business requires e-signatures?
What is Digital Signature? And Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesA digital signature is basically a way to ensure that an electronic document (e-mail, spreadsheet, text file, etc.) is authentic. Authentic means that you know who created the document and you know that it has not been altered in any way since that person created it.Digital signatures rely on certain types of encryption to ensure authentication. Encryption is the process of taking all the data that one computer is sending to another and encoding it into a form that only the other computer will be able to decode. Authentication is the process of verifying that information is coming from a trusted source. These two processes work hand in hand for digital signatures.How do I get a Digital Signature?Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is a secure digital key that certifies the identity of the holder, issued by a signNowing Authority (CA). There are many companies provide Digital Signature , i.e.SIFYeMudhra(n)codeThese companies gives LRA to several companies that are basically known as LRA. You may directly apply online and purchase from your local authority.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $9.99 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for Mac, iOS, Windows, Android and Web-browser.signNow - offers a 14 day free trial and 2 types of pricing plans starting from $29 when paid monthly. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 30 day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 when paid monthly. The number of document sends included each month differs by plan type. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. All plans include fair user restrictions to sign documents and send them for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a 14-day free trial and 3 types of pricing plans starting from $15 per month when paid monthly. Unlimited document sending is subject to fair use thresholds. Available for Web-browser, iOS and Android.signNow - offers a free trial and 2 pricing plans starting from $16 per month when paid annually. All plans include sending unlimited amount of documents for signature. Available for web-browser, iOS and Android.Digital Signature for E-tenderingThere are three types of digital signature certificates depending on the validation of identity and type of use. They are:Class I DSC – Individuals get it for validating the email identification of the users and in situations where risk is minimal and here the signature is stored in software.Class II DSC – Business organizations or individuals use this digital signature certificate to validate the information given by the subscriber in the application against the information available in a trusted consumer database and in other such situations where security risk is moderate. In this case a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.Class III DSC – This digital certificate is directly issued by the signNowing authority and it is required that the person applying for DSC must be present at the signNowing authority’s premises and prove his/her identity in front of the authority and the security risk involved in this case is very high. In this case also a hardware cryptographic device is used for storing the signature.The Necessity of Digital Signature CertificatesFor e-filing of the income tax returns by any individual, the Government of India has made it mandatory to affix digital signatures to the income tax returns documents. For affixing the digital signature one must have digital signature certificates issued by licensed certification authority.In addition, Ministry of Corporate Affairs has set the mandatory guidelines for the companies directing them to file all reports, applications and forms using a digital signature only and this again requires a digital signature certificate.For GST also a company must verify its GST application by affixing a digital signature using digital signature certificate in order to get registered for GST.These days many Government procedures, filling different applications, amendments and forms require digital signatures made by using digital signature certificates.Benefits of Digital Signature CertificatesSaves Money & Time: As there is no need of physical presence you can digitally sign your PDF files and other documents using DSC anywhere & anytime. You need not sign your paper documents and then scan them to send them across through internet if you follow the above given option. You can save the money which would otherwise be spent on printing and scanning the document. You can also go green by saving paper.Secured Data: The digitally signed documents are tamper proof as the digital signatures are secured with a private key and public key and they cannot be edited after digitally signing the document.Authentic: Digitally signed documents are authentic and the receiver can be completely sure about the sender’s identity and integrity. The receiver can easily execute the information in the document without worrying about the document being forged.Certificate (DSC) is essential for companies and organizations that take part or intend to take part in eTendering processes on various Government sites. If a organisation going to apply for any Government eTender needs to have a Class 3 Digital Signature Certificate registered in the name of a representative who is authorized to submit online offers for e-Tendering applications.How to apply digital signature ?We enable compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for end-to-end electronic transactions for any kind of E-Business.What Documents required for Class 3 Digital Signature ?Documents required for Class 3 Digital SignatureApplication Form (Duly Signed)Recent Passport Size Photograph (Pasted on the Application form and Signed across the Photo)Identity ProofPAN CARD * (Income Tax F Filing Portal requires PAN Encrypted DSC)PassportDriving LicensePhoto ID Issued by Central Or State GovernmentVoter IDAadhar CardApply for Digital SignatureAddress ProofPassportDriving LicenseLatest Utility Bills - Not Older than 3 Months (Telephone, Electricity, Water, Tax, LIC)Ration CardVoter IDBank Account Statement ( Not Older than 2 Months)Service Tax/ VAT registration CertificateProperty tax/ Municipal tax ReceiptProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Certificate of IncorporationMemorandum of Association & Articles of associationRegistered Partnership deedValid Business licenses like VAT , Service Tax RegistrationLicense under shop and Establishment Act (For Proprietorship Concerns)PAN Card of the Company/FirmProof of Right to do Business (Any one of the Following)Latest annual Report / BalancesheetLatest Income Tax ReturnsOrganization Bank Details on Banks Letter Head/ Latest Bank statement attested by BankAuthorization Letter in Favor of the applicationAll Documents to be Self Attested by the applicant & Attested by the Authorised Signatory of the Business with Stamp & Seal. For More information about Best Digital Signature company in kanpurDifferent software solutions exist for different platforms, hence I am going to give one (the most common one) for each one of them:Windows: Open the PDF in signNow and click the “Fill & Sign” button in the right pane.Mac: Open the PDF in Preview, click the Toolbox button, then click SigniPhone and iPad: Open the PDF attachment in Mail, then click “Markup and Reply” to sign.iPhone and Android: Download signNow Fill & Sign, open the PDF, and tap the Signature button.Chrome: Install the signNow extension, upload your PDF, and click the Signature button.n short, “best” varies by your specific need - and there are dozens of comparison vectors. The 2 most important, IMHO, are do you needA “standing order” doc that can be easily signed anytime by anyone, such as an injury waiver at a karate school / trampoline park / etc- that sort of thing. The signor is not pre-defined. For that, we (SwiftCloud) may well be best, but there are dozens to compare, and important to consider is volume, HIPAA medical compliance, integration to marketing, etc.Specific doc / signor - such as a real estate sales contract. The parties are pre-defined, and automation can be added to flow from group 1 (say, “the seller(s)”) to group 2 (seller’s agent, for example) to group 3 (the buyer(s) consecutively or concurrently.The #1 reason to use e-signature is to save time + integration on the data i.e. so marketing is 100% automated for example, and reducing time-to-close which results in higher sales pull-through rates. Don’t get me wrong, saving money on paper, printer, ink, printer jams, etc. is important - but that’s a money saver, not a money maker. Marketing and sales will actually create new revenue for you, so to not use electronic signature is for most businesses, downright neglectful. Granted, I’m a bit biased, but happy to do a formal study to prove it with real numbers, should anyone be so inclined.And you are good to go!!
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What is low code?
“Low-code” is a category label for app building platforms that allow you to build your own applications using drag-and-drop interfaces, without much code—hence the name.Most of these platforms are easy to learn and even non-coders can create complex and fully functional applications using low-code platforms.Typically these platforms allow you to:design forms (input data)create reports (organize data)schedule routines & automate processes (manipulate data)These are the 3 main functions that any business application needs to do and low-code platforms make it possible to create an endless variety of applications using various combinations of these three features.Low-code platforms are gaining traction because they:Grant businesses the ability to create custom applications. With low-code platforms, even small businesses can afford to build their own processes from scratch, or tweak pre-designed templates to suit their requirements.Cut application development time. With coding an application from scratch, each component has to be coded, tested, debugged… It’s a long cycle, but low-code platforms come with the ability to put working components together in various ways and make functional applications very quickly.Cut application development cost.All you need to use a low-code platform is a platform license - and if you don’t want to spend time creating the applications yourself - a developer.Most low-code platforms are designed for develop once, deploy everywhere. Any application that is created on the platform is available across devices by default.You don’t have to maintain a server or build the physical infrastructure necessary - the platforms will take care of all that.What does a low-code platform look like?Let me elaborate with the help of Zoho Creator:This is what a form builder looks like:Here’s a simple report:Here’s an example of a dashboard made with data from various reports:What kinds of businesses can benefit from low-code platforms?Any business that has a unique work-flow or requires custom applications to manage their operations can benefit from a low-code platform.Organizations that are diverse in scale and process from a custom bike manufacturer and towing company to a film-festival have used low-code platforms to help their businesses grow and do better.What are the low-code platforms out there?Zoho Creator - Create Custom Apps For Your BusinessFusioo: Online DatabaseLow-Code Platform for Digital Transformation | BPM Software | AppianBusiness Process Management Tool & Workflow Software | Automate WorkCreate Custom Apps with the FileMaker PlatformBusiness Applications Development & Database SolutionsThe #1 Low-Code Platform for Digital Transformation | OutSystemsNote: I work at Zoho Creator.
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What is the best free PDF reader for large documents?
[1] PDF format is popularly known as print document format. This creates a virtual printer within operating system to print the document. For offline scanning of document, the PDF format is popular. The importance attached with these program is that you need to have PDFsoftware installed to run these files. If someone sends you PDF file and your computer do not have such software installed then that file is not to be read from there.There are so many PDF softwires available and this article aims to find out the mostly free software or freeware to help readers to choose from variety of options. More and more operating systems are providing built-in facilities for such products. Now-a-days everything comes with PDF formats beginning from circulars, bank statement, insurance statement, tax statement and e-books.That is why there immense important to have the free PDF software installed on computer but the thousand question is which one is to choose from the variety of resources available.Sumatra PDF:Sumatra PDF is available for download to Windows since the times of Windows XP. This program has very low foot print, light on system resources and fast. It is going to perform simple task as well as it is going to perform complex task depending upon you choose from PDFfiles. It is available with installed version as well as standalone portable version in which it does not write to registry.It is available in 64 bit version on Windows. It is available for Windows XP, Vista, 7, 8, 8.1 and 10. It is available for Windows operating system only.signNow Reader DC:It is from signNow and signNow is available for free for users. While installing this software do check for installation of MCAfee security and safe connect.it is a big download of nearing to 120 MB. Yours antivirus software might stop this installation so allow to install it. This software for high=end computing processes.Many features are included with it and for some features you might need it and if you want to have these features then it is better to choose this software. It has mobile version of android and apple operating system. With it you are going to synchronize documents with clouds and yours signature too and everything is going to stay with cloud to access from each and every device.When you first download signNow on Windows, a download manager first downloads and it is small in size and then by opening that download manager signNow software is installed and this is nearer to 120 MB.PDF-Xchange Editor:PDF-Xchange Editor is a smart PDF tools and most functions are free except some complex ones. It is a PDF reader, pdf editor and pdf tools. It can print PDFs, fill the forms created with signNow and can extract images from PDF files. There are some advanced features included in this free version but most of these are not free one is that watermarking of PDFsoftware which is not free.Foxit Reader:Foxit Reader is fast, simple and is there for years. It is available for Windows, Apple and android versions. It can fill forms and save data. Can include and validate electronic signatures. During installation user need to be cautioned not to install so many verities of other software. In order to keep the size of download minimal, the user manual is available for separate download.It is faster than PDF-Xchange Editor. If you are not interested in OCR facilities then Foxit reader is best suited for yours work. Multiple PDF documents when opened all these are opened in tab format and shifting from one tab to the other is easier. From time to time it introduces some new features in order to provide dynamic software development.It allows adding up of multimedia files easier. Collaboration with social media accounts becomes easier with Fixit Reader because of the ease to synchronize with Twitter, Facebook, Evernote and SharePoint. One caution is that Foxit Reader comes bundled with so many other software and toolbar and it is important to not to allow installations of such software during its installation.MuPDF Reader:It is very lightweight PDF Reader. On its first launch it will ask you about to choose from files instead of showing its interface and when the PDF is opened then it shows the exact documents and no toolbar and other interfaces are present. In order to see the interface of MuPDF reader you are going to click on the top left of the visible windows to find it. It provides a cleaner interface and superior look for PDF files.Google Chrome PDF viewer:While browsing for internet whenever you see any PDF and click on it and it will slowly open in another tab of Chrome and you can read it from there or download by clicking the downloadsymbol available there. This setting can be turned and changed out there easily, go to settings of chrome and then advanced and then content settings and then pdf documents, Scroll down and click on PDF documents and from there switch on ‘Download PDF files instead of opening automatically opening them in Chrome’ and this will download PDF files from net to computer.If you want to read PDF files that are stored inside computer, then right click on that files and then open with chrome and your chrome reader will automatically, open pdf files and for this you will not have to install pdf viewers. Similarly, with android if you install Google Drive then you will not need any other third-party PDF apps as Google Drive act as PDF viewer and make it default while opening the first PDF and that is going to make it default.TinyPDF:TinyPDF as the name suggests has very small foot print of PDF reader and it has no string attached. It is only 586k as it is less than one MB. It does not contain no malware, adware, watermarks and no pop Global Home: UPS is completely free. JPEG compression is supported. No ghost script and third-party software included with the installer version. The downside is that it is partially supported on 64-bit computer. Automatic font management is there.There are so many alternatives to use for PDF viewer and if your computer is 64 bit then you can download the 64 bit version of Sumatra PDF and if you want to insert electronic signature then opt for Foxit PDF reader and if you want to have the old and classic PDF reader which is heavier in file composition and not for low end computing purposes then go for signNow and lastly if you do not want to install PDF readers at all then it is better to open it with Google Chrome built in PDF viewer.So, there are many large numbers of option to choose from and if you want to have some complex PDF functions besides the presence of PDF reader you need pdf tools and others then it is best to have PDF-Xchange viewer and so many other option listed here you can choose it from. There are some other alternatives are available which are there to search ad find in internet.This entry was posted in Android Apps on Google Play, Apple Inc., Computer Information Technology, Google, Google Chrome, Information Technology, Internet, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows XP and tagged signNow, Apple, doPDF, FOXIT READER, free PDF converter, google chrome, image to pdf converter, PDF Password Remover, pdf printer, pdf-xchange, Sumatra PDF A PDF Viewer for Windows, WINDOWS, Windows 8, WINDOWS VISTA, WINDOWS XP, Windows XP SP3 onFootnotes[1] Best Free PDF Writer and Reader
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Can I start small company in India?
ONE PERSON COMPANY INCORPORATION / REGISTRATIONIf you want to start your business the only best option is to run business under the name of Private Limited and register your company:All we need :KYC of all director and Address proof of the company.DSC and & Din of all DirectorApply for company name reservation and taking approval for company namePreparation of MOA & AOA of companyFilling INC-32 for company incorporation.Apply for PAN/ TANWHY ONE PERSON COMPANY REGISTRATION?One Person Company (OPC) means a company which has only one person as a member. Only an individual who is an Indian citizen and resident in India can incorporate a One Person Company.The concepts were introduced to give advantage to sole proprietor to run business with limited liability as compared to sole proprietor whose liabilities are unlimited.It has following distinct features:Only one person ( individual) can form company.It is a kind of Private Company which have all the advantage of private company.Maximum capital is 50 lacs and maximum turnover is 2 crores.OPC can convert itself to private company after 2 years of establishment.It uses word OPC private limited after it name.Single shareholder or member should give name of one person who act a s a nominee of the company, that in the event of death of a sole member, they will become that one person.PROCEDURE FOR INCORPORATION OF ONE PERSON COMPANYSTEP-1: FIRST WE WILL APPLY FOR YOUR DIGITAL SIGNATURE USUALLY IT TAKES 2 DAYS. A DSC IS NOTHING MORE THAN YOUR SIGNATURE IN ELECTRONIC FORMSTEP-2: AFTER GETTING DIGITAL SIGNATURE WE WILL APPLY FOR DIN FOR SOLE DIRECTOR AND IT WILL TAKE ONE DAY FOR GETTING DIN, EVERY PERSON WHO WANTS TO BECOME DIRECTOR SHALL APPLY DIN BEFORE BECOMING DIRECTOR. THERE CAN BE ONLY ONE DIRECTOR IN ONE PERSON COMPANY.STEP-3: AFTER GETTING DSC AND DIN NOW WE APPLY FOR COMPANY NAME APPROVAL FORM REGISTRAR OF COMPANY, THE NAME OF COMPANY AND BRAND NAME CAN BE DIFFERENT FOR EXMAPLE PAYTM IS BRAND NAME OF COMPANY ONE97 COMMUNICATION.STEP-4: AFTER GETTING APPROVAL FROM REGISTRAR OF COMPANIES WE HAVE TO FILLED A FORM FOR COMPANY REGISTRATION SPICE-32, 33, 34 ALONG WITH INC-7,8,9 AND OTHER FORMS.Documents Required for ONE PERSON Company RegistrationTO BE SUBMITTED BY DIRECTORScanned copy of PAN Card or Passport (Foreign Nationals & NRIs)Scanned copy of Voter's ID/Passport/Driver's LicenseScanned copy of Latest Bank Statement/Telephone or Mobile Bill/Electricity or Gas BillScanned passport-sized photographScanned copy of Aadhaar card.Specimen signature (blank document with signature [directors only]).Name of a person who should act as a nominee, that in the event of death of that one person he should act as a sole owner of the companyNOC from one person that he should not have any problem to become nominee.Note: One director must self-attest the first three documents. In case of foreign nationals and NRIs, all the documents must be notarised (if currently in India or a non-Commonwealth country) or apostilled (if in a Commonwealth country).FOR THE REGISTERED OFFICEScanned copy of Latest Bank Statement/Telephone or Mobile Bill/Electricity or Gas BillScanned copy of signNowd Rental Agreement in EnglishScanned copy of No-objection Certificate from property ownerScanned copy of Sale Deed/Property Deed in English (in case of owned property)
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Is it possible that sometime in the future, all money in all countries become one electronic currency like Bitcoin for all world
New technologies—supported by advances in encryption and network computing—are driving transformational change in the global economy, including in how goods, services and assets are exchanged. An important development in this process has been the emergence of virtual currencies (VCs). VC schemes are private sector systems that, in many cases, facilitate peer-to-peer exchange bypassing traditional central clearinghouses.VCs and their associated technologies (notably distributed ledgers based on blockchains) are rapidly evolving, and the future landscape is difficult to predict. VCs offer many potential benefits, including greater speed and efficiency in making payments and transfers—particularly across borders––and ultimately promoting financial inclusion. The distributed ledger technology underlying some VC schemes—an innovative decentralized means of keeping track of transactions in a large network––offers potential benefits that go far beyond VCs themselves. At the same time, VCs pose considerable risks as potential vehicles for money laundering, terrorist financing, tax evasion and fraud. While risks to the conduct of monetary policy seem less likely to arise at this stage given the very small scale of VCs, risks to financial stability may eventually emerge as the new technologies become more widely used.A lot of people do not know there are so many ways to earn cryptocurrencies by investing legitimately in platforms like www.coastminers.tech where they can get double of their investment in 7 days without losing them(thank me later).The development of effective regulatory responses to VCs is still at an early stage. VCs are difficult to regulate as they cut across the responsibilities of different agencies at the national level, and operate on a global scale. Many are opaque and operate outside of the conventional financial system, making it difficult to monitor their operations. Regulators have begun to address these challenges, with a variety of approaches across countries. Responses have included clarifying the applicability of existing legislation to VCs, issuing warnings to consumers, imposing licensing requirements on certain VC market participants, prohibiting financial institutions from dealing in VCs, completely banning the use of VCs, and prosecuting violators.These approaches represent an initial policy response to the challenges that VCs pose, but further development is needed. In particular, national authorities will need to calibrate regulation in a manner that appropriately addresses the risks without stifling innovation. More could be done at the international level to facilitate the process of developing and refining policies at the national level. International bodies are playing an important role in identifying and discussing the risks posed by VCs and possible regulatory responses, and they should continue to do so. As experience is gained, international standards and best practices could be considered to provide guidance on the most appropriate regulatory responses in different fields, thereby promoting harmonization across jurisdictions. Such standards could also set out frameworks for cross-country cooperation and coordination in areas such as information sharing and the investigation and prosecution of cross-border offenses.VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND 6 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND INTRODUCTION A. Overview 1. New technologies are driving transformational changes in the global economy, including in how goods, services, and assets are exchanged. The development of monies and a variety of payments systems throughout history have helped make exchange more efficient and secure. The rapid spread of Internet-based commerce and mobile technology––supported by advances in encryption and network computing––has driven the development of several innovative technologies. Companies such as Uber and Airbnb have developed radical new business models. Secure online payments systems (for example, PayPal) and mobile payments and transfer solutions (for example, M-Pesa) are changing the ways in which payments for goods and services are made. 2. An important development in this process of transformation has been the emergence of virtual currencies (VCs). VCs, in principle, question the paradigm of state-supported fiat currencies and the dominant role that central banks and conventional financial institutions have played in the operation of the financial system.VCs are issued without the involvement or backing of a state. Some VC schemes make use of “distributed ledger” technologies that provide complete and secure transaction records without using a central registry. These technologies therefore allow for direct peer-to-peer transactions and eliminate the need for central clearinghouses. It is therefore not surprising that private sector interest in these new technologies has been growing, and that attention from regulators and policymakers has not been far behind. 3. VCs and their underlying distributed ledger technologies have the potential to generate benefits. VC schemes and distributed ledger technologies can strengthen financial efficiency by facilitating peer-to-peer exchange while reducing transaction times and costs, especially across borders.In the longer term, these technologies have the potential to deepen financial inclusion by offering secure and lower-cost payments options. Beyond payments systems, distributed ledger technologies have implications for a wide range of markets and financial market infrastructures as a fast, accurate and secure record keeping system, including for stock exchanges, central securities depositories, securities settlement systems or trade repositories. Technological and regulatory progress will be needed to realize these potential benefits. 4. However, these technologies also pose risks. VCs can be misused as vehicles for money laundering, terrorist financing, and tax evasion, and other forms of illicit activity. While risks to the conduct of monetary policy seem less likely to arise, risks to financial stability may eventually emerge as the new technologies come into more wide-spread use.Although the growing use of distributed ledger technologies outside of the context of VCs pose far fewer risks, it may over time pose a serious challenge to parts of the business model of the established financial system. VCs and distributed ledger technologies will thus continue to attract the attention of policymakers and regulators at both the national and international levels. VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 7 5. Any policy response to VCs will need to strike an appropriate balance between forcefully addressing risks and abuses while avoiding overregulation that could stifle innovation. The initial focus should be on the most pressing concerns related to VCs—including financial integrity, consumer/investor protection, and tax evasion—while leaving less immediate risks (for example, financial stability, monetary policy) to a later stage.VCs combine many different properties of electronic payment systems, currencies, and commodities that span the responsibilities of several types of regulators at the national level. VCs operate in a virtual world that signNowes across borders, increasing potential risks and creating opportunities for regulatory arbitrage. Effective policy coordination will therefore be required at the national and international levels. 6. This paper discusses the potential benefits and risks posed by VCs and how financial regulators could approach them. The paper begins by explaining what VCs are, and how they work. It then examines key features and related developments in distributed ledger technologies underlying decentralized VCs, along with their potential use for financial development and financial inclusion. The paper subsequently discusses the policy and regulatory implications of VCs generally and concludes with a brief discussion of areas for future analysis.7. As a starting point, it is important to note that the VC landscape is still new and rapidly changing. It is therefore not possible to fully predict the future direction and importance of these evolving technologies or to identify specific longer-term policy responses. The paper is therefore intended as a first step and a platform for further research and analysis. Many of the questions it raises are left for future discussion. B. What are Virtual Currencies? 8. VCs are digital representations of value, issued by private developers and denominated in their own unit of account.2 VCs can be obtained, stored, accessed, and transacted electronically, and can be used for a variety of purposes, as long as the transacting parties agree to use them. The concept of VCs covers a wider array of “currencies,” ranging from simple IOUs of issuers (such as Internet or mobile coupons and airline miles), VCs backed by assets such as gold,3 and “cryptocurrencies” such as Bitcoin.9. As digital representations of value, VCs fall within the broader category of digital currencies (Figure 1). However, they differ from other digital currencies, such as e-money, which is a digital payment mechanism for (and denominated in) fiat currency. VCs, on the other hand, are not denominated in fiat currency and have their own unit of account. 2 Given the fast evolving nature of the industry, a universal definition has yet to emerge and could quickly change as the VC ecosystem continues to transform. 3 This type of VCs is backed by the combination of existing tangible assets or national currencies and the creditworthiness of the issuer. VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND 8 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Figure 1. Taxonomy of Virtual Currencies10. VC schemes comprise two key elements: (i) the digital representation of value or “currency” that can be transferred between parties; and (ii) the underlying payment and settlement mechanisms, including the distributed ledger system (see the section on distributed ledgers and Box 2).11. VC schemes have different levels of convertibility to real-world goods, services, national currencies, or other VCs. Non-convertible VCs (or closed schemes) operate exclusively within a self-contained virtual environment. Under these systems, the exchange of VCs with fiat currency (or other VCs) or its use in payments for goods and services outside of the virtual domain is signNowly restricted. In contrast, convertible VCs (or open schemes) allow for the exchange of the VC with fiat currency (or other VCs) and for payments for goods and services in the real economy.4 The level of contact between convertible VCs and the real economy is much greater than is the case in closed schemes.512. VC schemes can operate through a centralized, decentralized, or hybrid model. The operation of VC schemes includes three components: (i) the issuance and redeemability of the VC; (ii) mechanisms to implement and enforce internal rules on the use and circulation of the currency; and (iii) the payment and settlement process. Each area of operation may be managed by a trusted central (and private) party or in a decentralized manner among participants. Hybrid schemes also 4 An additional distinction is sometimes made between unidirectional flow and bidirectional flow of convertibility, with the former referring to VCs that can be obtained in exchange for fiat currency (or other VCs), but cannot be converted back to fiat currency (or other VCs)—the flow of convertibility being unidirectional (for example, Nintendo Points, some frequent-flyer programs air miles)—and the latter—where the flow of convertibility is bidirectional (for example, Bitcoin, Linden Dollar). See ECB (2012). 5 It should be noted that convertible VCs may be subject to illiquid markets, limiting their de facto convertibility. (continued) VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 9 exist, where some functions are performed by a central authority, while others are distributed among market participants.613. Decentralized VC schemes use techniques from cryptography for their operations— hence the “cryptocurrency” moniker: In decentralized systems, there is no central party (for example, a central bank) administering the system or issuing VCs. Rather, the central party is replaced by a framework of internal protocols that govern the operation of the system and allow the verification of transactions to be performed by the system participants themselves. As payments and transactions are made through the system, these participants (often referred to as “miners”) are rewarded in newly minted “currency” for performing the payment processing function (referred to as “mining”). This approach serves two purposes: it introduces newly minted VCs into the system and enables the decentralized operation of the VC scheme. In contrast to fiat currency, a cryptocurrency does not represent a liability on anyone. These systems may allow for the issuance of a limited or unlimited number of currency units. Under most such systems (including Bitcoin), there is currently a limit on the number of currency units that may ultimately be issued. However, new systems are emerging that do not include such limits. Most cryptocurrencies are “pseudo-anonymous”—while cryptocurrency transactions are publicly recorded, users are known only by their VC “addresses,” which cannot be traced back to users’ real-world identity. As such, cryptocurrency transactions are more transparent than cash but more anonymous than other forms of online payment. Cryptocurrencies challenge the standard concept of fiat currencies. The value of existing fiat currencies is backed by the creditworthiness of the central bank and the government. Centrally issued VCs rely on the backing of the private issuer’s credibility while the value of privately issued currencies (see Box 1 and the next section) have historically been supported by the private issuer’s credibility and commodity reserves. In contrast, the value of cryptocurrencies does not have any backing from any source. They derive value solely from the expectation that others would also value and use them. 14. VCs can be obtained in a variety of ways. Convertible VCs can typically be purchased or exchanged with fiat currency or other VCs, through a VC exchange, through a trade platform,7 or directly with another VC holder. They can also be obtained in payment for goods or services.As noted above, decentralized VCs can be obtained by participating in the transaction validation 6 For example, Ripple. 7 Trade platforms provide a forum where buyers and sellers can offer and bid for VCs (akin to a market place). (continued) VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND 10 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND process (for example, “mining”). VCs are typically stored in a “VC wallet,” either directly through a VC wallet software application or through an intermediary—a VC wallet service provider.8 15. Ancillary service providers have entered the market. Payment facilitators operate as intermediaries between consumers and merchants/retailers, converting VC payments into fiat currency and bearing the exchange rate risk of the transaction. In the case of cryptocurrencies, some service providers offer additional anonymizing services that further obfuscate the traceability of transactions.ARE VIRTUAL CURRENCIES MONEY? 16. Several questions arise when considering the role of VCs as money. 9 Do they satisfy the legal definition of money and fulfill all the economic roles of money (store of value, medium of exchange, and unit of account)? How do they compare to other privately-issued monies that existed historically? If they become more widely used, could (or should) these privately-issued currencies substitute for national currencies? 8 VC wallets are used by VC holders to hold and transact in VCs. Cryptocurrencies are stored in digital wallet software associated with cryptographic keys: (i) “public keys,” which are used to encrypt data and function akin to an account number; and (ii) “private keys”, which are needed for decryption and which function akin to a password to access the cryptocurrencies or a signature to authenticate transactions.Where no intermediary is involved (for example, VC wallet service provider), the loss of a private key will in effect result in the loss of the VCs held in the VC wallet, as the owner of the wallet cannot access its content. VC wallets can be held online (“hot storage”) or offline (“cold storage”). The latter is considered to afford greater protection against hacking and theft. 9 “Money” could have different meanings depending on the context. VCs are comparable to banknotes, coins, and other liabilities of the issuer—the central bank in a modern monetary system. These are also called high-powered money, central bank liability, base money, or outside money. In contrast, money supply includes base money and liabilities (denominated in the national currency) created by banks and bank-like financial institutions (such as deposits and some money market fund shares—called inside money).Even in a system where the central bank has a monopoly right to issue base money, the bulk of the money supply could be provided in a decentralized manner by multiple financial institutions. These financial institutions could be regulated or unregulated (such as shadow banks and as in the “free banking” regime (Gorton, 1985). On the other hand, there is currently no known financial institution that provides inside money in VCs, and the VC monetary system consists only of high-powered money.VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 11 A. Perspectives from Theory and History 17. Theory and history offer some guide-posts for considering these questions (Box 1): Theory. High inflation in the 1970s after the end of the Bretton Woods System renewed skepticism in some quarters over granting central banks monopoly power to issue nonconvertible fiat currency.10 Friedman and Schwartz (1986) and Fischer (1986) reject Hayek’s proposal to denationalize money (1976). Other researchers, however, continue to contemplate laissez-faire monetary regimes, and there has also been extensive theoretical work on the feasibility and optimality of privately issued money under monopoly or competition.11 History.VCs are not the first example of currencies privately issued in a decentralized manner. While VCs are of course very different from national currencies, monetary systems and the legal concept of money have evolved substantially over time and will continue to change in the future. VCs should thus not be judged solely based on their current characteristics or on how they compare to current monetary regimes. 18. A detailed comparison of the characteristics of VCs with existing and historical currencies sheds further light on these issues (Table 1). For the sake of specificity, Bitcoin is used as a representative example of a VC and compared to a home currency, a foreign currency, and a commodity asset based on current arrangements.Moreover, for a historical perspective, the table also includes key features of a commodity (gold bullion), a commodity currency (gold/silver coins), and a fiat currency convertible into gold and other commodities (the gold standard). The experiences during the U.S. Greenback era are also included, when the government-issued nonconvertible fiat currency “Greenbacks” and private banks were allowed to issue notes as currency. The monetary policy discussion in the policy challenges section assesses whether VCs could provide desirable monetary systems or not. 10 Convertibility in this section refers to convertibility of fiat currencies to commodity reserves and international reserves, in the context of the gold standard or the Bretton Woods System, in contrast with the convertibility of VCs into national currencies as discussed in the earlier section.11 See, for example, King (1983), White (1984), Taub (1985), Selgin (1988), and Selgin and White (1994). VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND 12 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Box 1. Public and Private Provision of Money: History and Theory Both history and economic theory broadly seem to support a monetary regime with public provision of currency over a competitive private system. The historical track record of containing inflation is mixed across both private and public systems. However, public systems appear to function better when there is a systemic liquidity shortage at the time of a financial crisis and the need arises for a lender-of-last-resort (LOLR). Resilience against inflation There are examples where currency was provided by multiple private banks without high inflation.In fact, many central banks in major advanced economies were first established as private banks, and their currencies did not have legal tender or monopoly status (Box Table). Also, notes issued by (multiple) national banks during the U.S. Greenback era did not have legal tender status but were traded at par with government issued notes (Calomiris, 1988). Box Table. The Origins of Central Bank Powers Country Date founded Monopoly over note issue Notes made legal tender State ownership France 1800 1848 1878 1945 Germany 1875 1875 1909 1948 Japan 1882 1884 1885 NA Italy 1893 1893 1893 NA United Kingdom (England) 1694 1844 1833 1946 United States 1913 1913 1933 NA Canada 1934 1935 1935 1938 Source: Redish (1993).But systems were needed to curb the tendency to print too much money. During the U.S. Greenback era, when convertibility was temporarily suspended to finance the Civil War, note-issuing private banks were subject to various regulations. Their notes were printed by the government and backed 111 percent by government bonds held on deposit at the Treasury (reserve requirement), making them indirect obligations of the government. The aggregate amount of nationally chartered banks’ notes was capped though the limit was later abolished. Moreover, their value was supported by the expectation to resume convertibility when the war was over (Calomiris, 1988). Without these systems, privately-provided nonconvertible fiat money often ended up being supplied in excess. Redish (1993) shows an example of nonconvertible notes with legal tender status issued by a French private bank in the late 18th century. Privately provided notes in late- 19th century Japan led to inflation when their supply ballooned after banks suspended convertibility to gold.The inflation performance of public moneys has been mixed. Before the collapse of the Bretton Woods System, international monetary regimes were largely anchored by gold and/or pegs to the pound Sterling and U.S. dollar standard (Bordo, 1981, and Redish, 1993) that were successful in anchoring inflation. Excess inflation happened even under commodity currency regimes (coins) for seignorage revenue. Medieval European monarchs—who had a monopoly right to mint coins or charge a fee for running a mint—often debased the currency by raising the unit of account value of a coin at the mint and reducing the precious metal content per coin. In a contemporary context, macro policy mismanagement has often led to high inflation and hyperinflation, as observed in many emerging and developing economies. Among major advanced economies, high inflation occurred in the 1970s following the end of the Bretton Woods System.VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 13 These experiences underpinned substantial discussions on tying central banks’ hands again by returning to a rules-based framework including the gold standard (Friedman and Schwartz, 1986). Lender-of-last-resort Theory suggests that the private provision of money is not optimal when an economy may face system-wide liquidity shortages. The efficiency of competitive market equilibrium has been a key rationale cited by supporters of private provision of money (White, 1984, and Selgin, 1988). However, competitive equilibrium may not be optimal when the market is incomplete, or there is asymmetric information that could cause moral hazard (Mas-Colell, Winston, and Green, 1995). Such imperfections are typical in financial markets. Markets are also incomplete in the sense that not every risk is insurable among individuals, and everyone in the system could be hit by a large, negative, systemic shock. Many researchers have thus argued that public provision of money could improve economic welfare.Weiss (1980) shows the welfare-improving role of central bank money and active monetary policy as these facilitate inter-temporal smoothing in an overlapping generations framework. Diamond and Dybvig (1983) and Bryant (1980) show the effectiveness of public liquidity and deposit insurance in managing bank runs. Private provision of liquidity becomes insufficient and leads to a crisis without public outside money if a systemic shock hits the system, and contagion risks are imminent (Allen and Gale, 2000, Freixas, Parigi, Rochet, 2000, Holmstrom and Tirole, 1998, Tirole, 2008).1 History also seems to suggest that central banks in major economies often emerged in response to the need for a creditworthy institution to be the LOLR and manage bank runs (Goodhart, 1988, Redish, 1993, Gorton and Huang, 2006).In early history, large private banks acted as LOLR, but the need to handle bank runs more systematically eventually made them central banks or led to the establishment of new central banks. In the U.S., J.P Morgan pledged large sums of his own money and convinced other New York bankers to do the same to shore up the banking system in the 1907 financial crisis. The experience eventually led to the establishment of the Federal Reserve Board in 1913. As of late 18th century, the Bank of England (BOE) was a private bank, serving as the government’s banker. The BOE notes gained legal tender status and monopoly issuance power, as the bank had strong credibility to be able to provide liquidity for other banks in distress. Similar development is also observed with other major central banks (Box Table).The global financial crisis provided a further reminder of the need for a credible LOLR. ___________________ 1/ The welfare implication may become less clear when the moral hazard costs from LOLR are incorporated in the analyses. VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND 14 INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND Table 1. Characteristics of Currencies: A Comparison Feature Bitcoin USD (home currency) Euro (foreign currency) Commodity (bullion) Commodity currency (coin) Gold standard U.S. Greenback Era (1861–78) Economic demand factors Intrinsic value None None None Yes Yes None None Claim to issuers? No Yes Yes No No Yes Yes Legal tender No Yes No (in the U.S.) na na Mixed Yes (no) to public note (private) Used as a medium of exchange Small, but rising especially in online retail Yes Limited (in the U.S.) possibly more for cross-border trade Yes Yes Yes Yes Used as unit of account No Yes No (in the U.S.) Yes Yes Yes Yes (all notes shared “dollar” unit) Used as store of value Yes, subject to very high exchange rate risk and sudden confidence shock Yes, subject to inflation risk Yes, subject to foreign exchange risk Yes, subject to commodity price risk/cycle.Yes, subject to dilution of quality (inflation/devaluati on) Yes, subject to devaluation risk Yes, subject to inflation risk Supply structures Monopoly/decentr alized Decentralized Monopoly Monopoly Decentralized Mixed Mixed Decentralized Supply source Private Public Foreign public Private/public mining Mixed Mixed Public and private Supply quantity Inflexible Flexible Flexible Inflexible Inflexible Inflexible Flexible Supply rule Computer program Rule-based (inflation target) Rule-based (inflation target) Opportunity cost for mining Tied to commodity in bullion Tied to commodity by reserve ratio Private note subject to reserve requirement.Supply rule change (by issuers) possible? Yes with agreement of majority miners Yes Yes No Quality of minted coins can be diluted. Reserve ratio can be changed and economized No for private banks. Cost of production High (electricity consumption for computation) Low Low Very high (mining) Medium Low Low VIRTUAL CURRENCIES AND BEYOND INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND 15 Table 1. Characteristics of Currencies: A Comparison, cntd. Feature Bitcoin USD (home currency) Euro (foreign currency) Commodity (bullion) Commodity currency (coin) Gold standard US Greenback Era (1861-78) Macro-financial stability risks Risk of hyperinflation due to over-supply? No for individual VCs Possible (with policy mismanagement) ... Limited Possible (by diluting coin quality) Possible (by ending convertibility) Possible (if losing credibility to resume convertibility) Risk of long-term hyperdeflation High Low … High High High Low Base money quantity changes to temporary shocks? No (limited even with rule changes) Yes No (to US money demand shocks) No No Somewhat (by changing reserve ratio subject to total holding of gold) Yes Can the issuer be lender of last resort with outside money?
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How does your business reduce it's costs?
I own a small online business, and my operational costs are mainly due to marketing demands. Digital marketing is supposed to be cheaper than traditional marketing, but for some reason, I had to deal with high costs at one point.It was due to my lack of creativity and resourcefulness in marketing content and managing social media campaigns. Those two aspects are signNow in increasing my sales and making sure more and more people are introduced to my brand.What I've learned from my struggles with high operational costs is that you have to look at what's available there for free and utilize it as much as possible. That's the key, and many things are surprisingly accessible for free or at a low cost to boost your marketing.For example, many small-time social media influencers have enough followers and the right crowd for your brand. You don't have to go out of your way to collaborate with big names.It's a two-way street when partnering with these new influencers who at least have a more focused group of consumers. Just make an effort in searching for these people on Instagram.This method gave my social media marketing a signNow improvement in less than two weeks. I didn't even have to spend much as the influencer agreed to receive free products instead.Pure resourcefulness like this can help you a lot in managing your funds. Also, instead of hiring in-house employees for creative content, you can hire freelancers instead. Outsource the tasks from different corners of the world.For small to medium-sized businesses, employing people to build a team is a big part of the expenses. Eliminating that through collaborating with outsourcing agencies or scouting skilled workers on different online platforms is the wisest move that has kept my business on great ranks.
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What is the future of IBM filenet eforms?
I am not sure about future of IBM filenet eForm, but I guess they and some of the other market leader had failed to create a complete solution for eForm that’s why you can see it’s not yet popular into the market yet and paper forms and pdf forms are still in use.We still use papers even in the digital age. We still use paper in various processes like form filling, documents, and approval. Paper and printing cost is much higher and companies still doing this due to less explored possibility of paperless technologies or limitations of existing solutions.There is a small firm in India called “Swayam Tech Lab” who has started figuring out the answer for this question of how to eliminate papers completely in early 2017. And the answer they have give is Trexa. Trexa solving some of the biggest, nastiest problems our industries were facing due to lack of complete solution.We firmly believe that technology has potential to replace paper and save nature, while making processes more efficient then paperwork. Using the technology we see the future where the paper is obsoleted and we are helping in shaping that technology - says CEO of the companyTrexa is an enterprise solution that helps you convert paper forms, pdf forms and document processes paperless, efficient, and automated by making them digital. Deploy to internal teams or customers on the web or mobile and efficiently collect and analyze your data on an interactive dashboard.What makes it different from others market-leading solutions that it provides a complete solution to the bigger problems of adopting the digital solution for replacing the papers. While many of the eForm solutions on the market are disruptive and don’t account for different business needs, We have designed the complete platform for all the businesses from small scale to large scale.They have made the overall process very smooth from creating forms, distributing among teams and gathering data. Our powerful designer will enable the user to upload their existing paper form or pdf form, make it digital form using drag-and-drop interface and distribute it to teams. Empower mobile user to capture form data digitally from anywhere whether they are online or offline. We have fascinating mobile app for iOS and Android to easy the create, edit and submit documents from anywhere. All the data will be stored in the cloud and the intuitive dashboard will allow you to turn data into visual charts.There are many benefits to using Trexa electronic forms instead of paper-based forms or pdf forms. These benefits include the following:• Reduce errors, increase the accuracy of information and improve data quality through validations. • Reduce form filling time and provide ease of form filling• Avoid lost data• Speed up the internal work processes• Eliminate data entry re-typing• Reduce the costs associated with form printing and handling• Make documentation and information easier to share• Stored data can be used for further analysis• Integration with other systems• Save space on filing• Helps the environment by eliminating paper• Keep information more secure• Easy accessibility via web and mobile• Allows document sharing for editing or signature• Offline editing on mobile application• Advanced searched capabilities over the form data and Analytics• Document approval processMore and more businesses are streamlining their workflows by converting paper documents to digital documents. But when it comes to your company’s forms, not just any electronic forms solution will do. You need a solution that will retain the exact look and feel of your paper or pdf forms and contracts while enabling users to fill them from web or mobile and save to cloud, access them in anytime, and approve them. With Trexa eForms solution you can easily move paper-based processes to the Web and accelerate form filling process. Now your organization can expedite forms submission and cut the costs associated with managing paper at the same time.For more information please visit our website: TrexaView introduction YouTube
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What are the first steps to invest in the Indian stock market? How do you open a Demat account and start buying shares?
I am going to ignore your question and share 5 proven steps to get started investing.Starting your first investment is a lot like climbing a mountain.You’re starting from ground zero with a lot of enthusiasm, but when you realize you have to climb for days to get anywhere, that enthusiasm often turns into the feeling of being overwhelmed.But when it comes to your investing career, the weather conditions, metaphorically speaking, are terrible as well.Hold on! You have made a smart move to invest in Equity, popularly called as shares. Indian GDP is growing at 6%-7% per annum and as thumb-rule equities deliver return which is equal to GDP growth + Inflation. Equities are best investment vehicle used as a hedge against inflation.Hey! getting started with your first investments is not terribly difficult - Here's what I would do to start my first investment and build up to $1000, $2000, $10,000………permonth in "passive" income.SEBI regulated a tight charge over documents submission. So this makes it a most crucial step. Your names, dates, and signature should be identical on all of your submitted docs.Below are the exact 4 basic documents that one need to get registered as a stock trader with SEBI.PAN cardIdentity proof (Aadhar card, driving license etc)Bank statement (last 6 month)Cancelled chequeThese are the basic documents. However, in some rare case, additional documents are needed. Consult the broker for the same.In addition, you would also have to fill up the registration form to which the above documents would be attached (highlighted in next step).But where do you submit the damn documents?This is what I’m going to show you in step 2.Not only brokers help you to get your documents verified with SEBI, they also facilitate live trading in stock market. You can buy and sell stocks with just one call or one click (on trading app, platforms)What you’ve to do is contact a broker and deliver them registration form with above-attached documents.But still one should choose a broker with great attention. Some brokers charge so high that most of your profit is swallowed by their charges. An uncle of mine generated a brokerage of 1.5 lakh in 2 months on F&O trading. I was baffled after seeing his charge-sheet.When was the last time you read an investing book or an economic magazine article? Do your daily reading habits center around hot tips tweets, Facebook updates, or the directions on moneycontrol website? If you’re one of the countless people who doesn't make a habit of reading books and articles regularly, you might be missing out: reading has a signNow number of benefits on your investments and your market behavior.Step away from your computer stock screen for a little while, crack open a book, and replenish your soul for a little while.Below are 3 books which are highly recommended to beginners.Stocks to Riches: Insights on Investor Behavior (by Parag Parikh)My personal opinion: At my earlier days, I started reading highly suggested books but didn’t benefit more than this book. In my opinion, this book is a key to understanding other books. Just an extremely insightful book of great practical value that every investor, both beginners and the experienced, should read. No more words.Rich Dad Poor Dad (by Robert T. Kiyosaki)My personal opinion: This is my all time favorite. This book has also qualified for the Amazon Best Reads List – June’16. This book what made me understand the crux of value investing and spread a great message of how money makes money.The Little Book That Still Beats the Market (by Joel Greenblatt)Side Note: Still I’m finding this book to read. Also tried to buy this book on Amazon but not in stock. Contact me personally if you can endorse this book to me. I read summary and reviews of others on this book and find it interesting. He made the value investing simple by just following ROCE and ROE matrix.Edit: I finally got the book.However, when you’re done with above books. Try your luck on some more detailed books here - 11 books that will change the way you look at stock marketNow you’re all done. You got registered with a broker and learned about the stock market. The next step will show you how to stand out from everyone out there...What I like to do next is become a pro trader by tracking my performance, nearly daily.Well quoted by Anurag Bhatia in another answer of the same question.“Maintain a trading journal. Practice paper trading. Yes, you have to practice trading every day to be above average at it. Just like the world's best athletes practice every day”However, you don’t have to make a trading journal, if you’re registered with Zerodha. As they have an inbuilt Q platform to track daily, weekly, monthly……. performance. Get more of it here.This is the most important stage to make yourself a successful investor. Everyday tracks your profit and loss. You don’t have to give hours, 15 minutes will be enough.What you have to do is whenever you have a profit activate your flashback and figure out what made you invest in this share and mark that criterion as a good evaluator of share. And same applies to the loss position in opposite way.When you have traded for a couple of months, nearly daily and got great insights of the market, open up Q platform, track your past transaction and create an algorithm.…….and do whatever you need to cultivate maximum profit from stock market fluctuation.Create your strategy………Create your parameters……….Create your own disciples……….In-short, rely on yourself and trade like a boss. Don’t get influenced by other traders, instead, influence them by your moves.This is where the real money will be made. There are no shortcuts in this process...this is how it's done.Just remember one thing:Following others will not make you rich. Making others follow you will make you rich.Hit me up on my website if you need any help.Stay invested in Sensex or Nifty 50. Normally shares of this category don't tumble more than 5% per day. Exceptions are always there but it's better than mid or small cap stocks. Once you get some experience in the field, choose your stock by your own analysis and own strategy.Go for short term trading (although, I’m a great enemy of short term trading) but as a beginner, you’ll not invest much so you should try with a short run. If you invested for the long run, you’ll lose your interest in some time.Keep the volume of traded money equal to the money which will not make you unhappy, if you lost them.Don’t get trapped in the vicious circle of brokers, advisers…. If their advice are so much effective than they would have been trading shares, not selling their advice.Here’s the reality: You’re in a tough spot.Starting investment profitably for a layman is not easy, but if you’re willing to put in consistent effort, it can be done.I’ve shown you four of the most effective steps I know to get started investing for a newbie. I encourage you to just focus on above steps until you create a sound money making a portfolio.If you’re looking for a bigger guide (with an illustration of a stock), this might help you - How to start investing: A complete guide from "आहा..." to "oh! shit"If you’ve additional advice for newbies or have any sound investment strategy to share with others, I’d love to hear about them in the comments below.
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