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FAQs
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What are the best productivity tools on the web?
What does productivity mean to you? We’re all expert procrastinators whether we like to admit it or not, the digital age has created an abundance of distractions that can keep you from focusing on important things, all day long if it comes down to it. Even the subject of productivity tools comes down to a single factor — it’s all designed for mental discipline training, because even though these tools exist and they’re useful to be more disciplined at your work, they’ll only be as good as the user himself.For: All-In-One OrganizationProofHubProofHub lets you stay in ultimate control of your projects, remote teams and clients even when you are on the go. Aside from giving team member the ability to manage and collaborate projects in real-time, the other big reason for choosing ProofHub is its super simple and brings everything under one roof. ProofHub is as simple as you want it to be (clean UI, to-do lists, project planning, group chat, review deign files, project reporting), but also as advanced as they sometimes need it to be (assign custom roles, white labeling. multilingual, time tracking, private tasks, complex multi-milestone projects, large remote team, n number of tasks).For: Social Media MastermindsBufferBuffer makes it extraordinarily easy to share web articles via social media without headache and hassle. Simply log into Buffer, connect social media accounts, and schedule specific content sharing times. When you’re out and about surfing the web and see an article you know your followers will love, hit the Buffer bookmarklet button and Buffer will throw that article into your queue, which it will then share at one of your designated share times.Buffer helps promote great content across the web and helps you store and share content so you don’t cram articles down the throats of your followers all at once.IFTTTIFTTT, standing for If This Then That, lets you craft “recipes” that allow for various apps and services to connect and work together. For example, I can create an IFTTT recipe that automatically uploads my Instagram photos to my Google Drive account. Create awesome integration with zero programming experience! If you can think it, you can IFTTT it.IFTTT can be utilized in endless combinations, and not just with regards to social media. However, social media users will find this an essential tool in their social shed.For: CopywritingODesk / ELanceSometimes the best man for the job is someone who is not you. Heck, probably pretty often the best man for the job isn’t you. Maybe because you aren’t even a man; maybe you’re a carrot. Who knows?If you need to get going with blogging content (and trust me, you do, because everyone does), then ODesk and ELance are decent places to start.These sites are free to sign up with, then you provide them with 10% of each payment per project. Alternatively, scour LinkedIn for freelancers. Usually you can get a decent assessment of a freelancer’s skill level by checking out their profile and doing a little digging. Whichever path you take, just remember that copy can’t be done single-handedly, so don’t be afraid to hire out some help.HemingwayBack when I was compiling a list of the best content marketing tools, one WordStream commenter (thanks Nicole!) made a suggestion of trying out Hemingway – it’s a great little tool that checks your grammar and highlights potential sentence danger zones as you write. Give it a type!For: News & Blog JunkiesPodkickerIf you’re a podcast addict, you’ll want a podcast app to help you organize your subscriptions. I’ve been using Podkicker for years and really enjoy its simple, easy-to-use interface. It’s free, but you can also update to Podkicker Pro (to get rid of ads) for $2.PocketPocket is a sweet little app that lets you save awesome content (articles, images, videos, etc.) to check out later.Picture this: you’re surfing around researching and see a fun article about the all-time best Pokemon (Arcanine, duh). Hit the Pocket button in your bookmark toolbar and the article will go straight to your Pocket. Pocket syncs across devices so you that later on you can read those fun articles and watch YouTube videos of mini pot-bellied pigs during the train ride home.
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What are the best productivity tools?
My TOP list is as follows:1. Communication tool - SlackOur team has been successfully using Skype for quite a while, and this is a way out for some teams, both small and bigger ones, but Slack is more convenient to use for IT teams, for marketers, sales people, and other industry-specific teams.2. Time tracking tool - ClockifyI like Clockify – it’s very simple, you create a task, you start tracking your time, you stop when you’re done, AND you can also check how much time you spent weekly on each working task.3. To do list – Trello boardsThe next tool I LOVE is Trello. This is a perfect one for outlining your day to day tasks, your future tasks, mapping out your ideas, sharing them with your team members, and so on.4. G Suite.No comments - couldn’t do without it.5. CalendlyIF you have a large number of meetings daily.6. Project management toolThroughout my years in IT I have met and used different PM tools, like Jira, YouTrack, Asana, and TeamGantt. And I must say that each one is good for its own purpose – so you simply choose the one that work best for you.7. Reporting tool - ExcelI have not used any specific reporting tool: I use Excel tables, both on Google drive and offline Excel files.8. CanvaNo comments :) Saves a fortune on a designer for those SMW owners whose budget is limited.See the full version of my tips here:8 BEST Tools for Remote Professionals
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What are the most effective team collaboration tools for effective project management?
ProofHubProofHub’s client-list is ornamented with giants like Wipro, Disney, Harvard University, TripAdvisor, and NASA! Well, do you need any other explanation why you should go for ProofHub when NASA makes use of this project management tool? If you want, read it out. ProofHub is a cloud-hosted Project Management Software that brings the features of different tools under one roof.Top Features of ProofHubEasy feedback sharing with online proofing softwareTime trackingProject history tracking and ReportingMilestones and eventsUser role managementDiscussions and chatTask assignmentMultiple languagesCompatible with tablet and mobileGantt charts enable project visualizationSecure file storageSpecialtyApart from a well-designed user interface, ProofHub comes with an extensive set of features that will eliminate the need for any other project management tools.PriceEssential Plan: $45/month (40 projects, unlimited users, 15GB storage)Ultimate Control Plan: $89/month (Unlimited projects, unlimited users, 100GB storage)Heavy discounts on Non-Profit Organizations.2. BasecampBasecamp is focused on real-time communication and collaboration, compared to the old-school project management tasks like long-term scheduling and resource planning. This is one of the project management tools which will be adored by social media lovers. The social media-like interface of the software makes it interesting and fun along with topnotch functionalities like calendars, To-Do lists, file-sharing and due dates along with Campfire and its own chat room.Top Features of BasecampSocial Media-like InterfacePush NotificationDiscussion ThreadsCalendar ManagementFile SharingMilestone TrackingCollaboration Tools for TeamProject Completion Tracking (in percentage)Client PortalChat and MessagingTask ManagementSubtask CreationDocument ManagementSpecialtyThe interface is similar to social media which makes Basecamp fun to use.Price$99/month for Unlimited UsersFree for Teachers and StudentsDiscounts for Non-Profit Organizations3. Bitrix24Bitrix24 is a unified platform that contains all the relevant project management tools for intuitive collaboration and communication among team members. Up to 12 users can start a project collaboration on Bitrix24 for free and further additions will require costing. This PMS (Project Management Software) has highly scalable premium plans which make it apt for your next big projects. Powered by a range of topnotch functionalities, Bitrix24 should be used for every little to large project collaboration.Top Features of Bitrix24Internal Communication gets easier with social intranetVirtual telephone callingCRM (Customer Relationship Management) integration and reportsProject management apps available for iOS and AndroidFile sharing and versioningSales funnelTask reporting and time managementBulk emailMessagingProject workflowCalendar sharingWebDAV supportSpecialtyOne of the most feature-rich project management software with traditional project management to the HR system, telephone integration, and internal email.PriceFree Plan: 12 users (5 GB storage)CRM+ Plan: $69/month for 6 users (50 GB storage)Standard Plan: $99/month for 50 users (100 GB storage)Professional Plan: $199/month for unlimited users (unlimited storage)4. ScoroScoro is a cloud-based all-in-one project management tool, focused on small to medium enterprises. This software includes all the possible features and functionalities, a perfect PMS requires; from the tasks and communication to billing and reporting. Especially, known as a web design project management software, Scoro is also a great collaborative tool for other domains as well. With easy features and functionalities, Scoro interface is a breeze to use even for first-time users.Top Features of ScoroReal-time business dashboardResource planningInvoice schedulingLate invoice alertsQuote managementTask managementContact managementFile sharing and managementLead managementCommission calculatorCustomer managementCompany news feedCustom fields and tagsSpecialtyScoro is a one-stop project management tool that will streamline all your work processes without requiring different tools for every other job. The pricing is comparatively higher than other tools but that’s perhaps because of the extended features.PriceEssential Plan: $26/user/monthWork Hub: $37/user/monthSales Hub: $37/user/monthBusiness Hub: $61/user/monthNOTE:Minimum 5 users are required for starting off with any planOnboarding starts from $899 for any plan5. AsanaOne of the most popular business management tools, Asana comes with robust work management environment that combines all the vital project management elements from collaboration to file storage and communication. Asana enables its users to organize the tasks and works in the most professional manner along with priorities and deadlines. Overall, Asana is the best project management tool that can bring a team together.Top Features of AsanaBreakdown of work into tasksTask assignment to team membersTask tracking and follower additionTeam progress tracking and milestone reviewingMultiple workspacesGoal and priority creationTask list and focus modeAuto-updates to inbox/emailCustom calendar creationSet project permissionProject Dashboard for a quick overviewSpecialtyThe simple layout of this PMS makes it an easy-to-use tool, even for a newbie. For small teams and not-so-complex projects, Asana works like magic.PriceBasic Plan: FreePremium Plan: $9.99/user/monthBusiness Plan: $19.99/user/monthEnterprise Plan: Price will depend upon the requirement6. JiraJira is cross-platform bug tracking software which has also become one of the topmost names among the best project management tools all over the world. With the advanced project management features and capabilities, Jira is there to help almost over 70,000 users work with total control over the projects across the globe.Top Features of JiraJira also has a native project management app for iOS and AndroidThe flexible REST API integrationBug and defect managementRobust search and filtering optionsCustomizable workflowsCustomizable wallboards and dashboardsRobust administration and securityDownload availabilitySeamless mobile interfaceReal-time reporting on worksSpecialtyJira is a specialized IT project management tool which brings the perfect collaboration to the web design companies and software development teams.Price$10/month for 10 Users$7/user/month for 11-100 users$6/user/month for 200 users7. TrelloA simple software for the simplicity lovers, Trello is quite a known term in the world of project management. Trello comes with a cardboard-like dashboard for the users which helps in managing the daily assignments in the most efficient manner. Trello is one of such project management tools that come with an attractive interface and make it easy to visualize the project tasks.Top Features of TrelloFree for basic servicesTags, labels, and categories make the organization easierDrag and Drop functionalityDeadline RemindersList arrangement by time and dateImage and file sharingUnlimited task creationProgress Meter with ChecklistsVotingActivity logEmail notificationSimple task management with cardboardSpecialtyThe most visual collaboration tool for all – from individuals to fortune 500 companies.PricePersonal Use: FreeBusiness Use: $9.99 per user per month (annually)Enterprise Use: $20.83 per user per month (for 20 users)
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What are your productivity tools & why?
Even though I’ve worked on gadgets and technology my entire professional life, I’m actually a pretty analog person. I’m incredibly productive, and as a startup founder I have to be, but I believe that comes more from systems and self-awareness than it does from specific tools.My best to do list? Post-its. I have tried all sorts of digital lists that could be on all of my devices, and they just don’t work for me. I forget to check them. I even forget to check notes I take in a notebook. But one post-it, stuck to the bottom left corner of my laptop, with a by-day due date list of things I’ve got to do where I can physically cross stuff out? That works. It feels great to recycle the whole post-it, and then I can start on a new one.Email hacks? Like many, I struggle with email: keeping up with it, remembering to come back to respond to stuff that needs time, etc. I got some formal training on how to “do email” (and I’m not embarrassed to admit it). I use the Apple Mail client, but these tactical takeaways work for any email arrangement:Do a first pass to archive (attach it to a hotkey), delete, and flag.Use color coded flags. I use flags based on actions, urgency, and who’s going to handle what:Purple: Priority 1. Absolutely urgent, do first.Red: Response needed (general)Green: Response needed (sales — green for money!)Blue: Response needed but someone else is going to handle it (as a way to check in)Grey: Response needed (extra-curricular)Keeping an inbox under control takes time. Step 1 and Purple-flagged emails are a good thing to squeeze into the context-switching times that happen throughout the day – but the rest takes actual time so plan for it.My other productivity tool is my own self-awareness of what works well for me. You can do the same for yourself. Some things to think about:What conditions are best for you to work under? I get a little extra pep from feeling like I’m getting ahead on work, and procrastinating makes me stressed and stress makes me slow. So I try to do stuff early and in advance, when possible.Figure out when you have the most energy and do the hardest stuff then. I get a burst of energy from 9–12 every day, and again from 4–8PM. I spend the low-energy hours doing things that require less mental creativity, like walking 1:1s, emails, etc. I’m not an early riser and have strong circadian rhythms, so even waking up 30 minutes earlier can impact me the whole day. I try to avoid that when possible.Know your limits. I can, but should not, do more than 4 sales, investor, or candidate interviews in one day. My brain gets fried. Now I know that about myself, and try to schedule accordingly.
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What productivity tools / tips do you use in your work (e.g., Evernote, Slack etc)?
I work at a small startup in Barcelona, and we use Hibox as a task management and productivity tool in one. You mentioned Slack in your question above, and it actually combines aspects of different management tools such as Slack (for internal chats), Asendo (for task management), and Skype (for videoconferencing).When you have a tool that is focused on task management, a byproduct of that is guaranteed to be increased productivity. Our internal chats make it so that you can organize communication depending on departments or projects. The ability for you to create tasks from any chat room makes it so that everybody knows what they need to do and the accompanying deadline. Our time tracking system lets you know when projects are due so nothing is ever done at the last minute!With an AI personal assistant included into the Hibox system, if you forget to ‘officially’ assign a task to someone or an entire team, it will track patterns in your messages and suggest possible tasks you can complete. Basically, it does the work for you which ensures that you focus on the content of your work to stay as productive as possible.Afraid that all the files and documents you’re sending might get lost? Don’t worry, everything is stored securely and privately to be accessed whenever you might need it. Actually, you can integrate your favorite apps such as Google Drive and Box to make sending photos and docs even easier.Check out our blog here for more information! Blog - Hibox
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What are the best productivity tools in recent time?
Here are some of my favourite productivity tools:ProofHubIt is quite common to feel overwhelmed and disorganized when working on projects or managing projects. ProofHub is an all-in-one project management and task management software to keep things organized, increase accountability, communicate more efficiently, and keep everyone on the same page. It is one place for all your projects, teams, and work-related information.BUFFERWhat makes Buffer stand out from other social media automation tools is that it is simple and straight-to-the-point. It doesn’t give you a lot of choices which most ...
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What does PDF stand for a computer?
Portable Document FormatThe .pdf files can only be open with pdf reader softwares like the most popular signNow and Foxit Reader. These applications are also available for Android and iOS.Well, we mostly create pdf files for electronic signatures and to make it more safer.As we know, most of the companies uses their unique font style in their documents and if the company send a letter to any of their associates by an email in a Ms Word format. Their associates might find the document in different font style because they are not using the same font style. So pdf documents are not editable which makes them more portable to share. Pdf files maintain the same font style and style in which it was created.You can check by yourself by making documents in a ms word format and pdf format.If u wanna know how to create pdf documents u must google it.
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How secure is WhatsApp's new end-to-end encryption?
Warning long answer!Since 1990, I’ve been studying the confidentiality of the messaging systems on computers and mobile devices.It was obvious that the electronic forums, emails and SMS messages could easily be intercepted by 3rd parties. Expecting the service providing companies to develop and implement confidentiality protocols were unrealistic. There were never a general consensus about the need for confidentiality or inter-service protocol development.With the discouragement of the governments many computer scientists shied away from creating software to keep communication confidential between parties.Many spy movies showed advanced technologies to keep the communication between spies and their organizations. The most famous being the Enigma machine used by the Germans during the World War 2. British scientist Alan Turing was the one to develop an early version of today’s computers to solve the mystery of the Enigma machine. Like every visionary he had serious problems with the establishment. After the government discovering that he was gay, he was given 2 options. First option was jail time until he turned heterosexual, or chemical castration. Poor Turing chose the second option and after a while he committed suicide. Every cryptologist today remembers to what happened to the first representative of this science.Without getting into the technological terms (they are all available on Wikipedia) the best way to keep conversation confidential is to use a code book between 2 (or more, but more on that later) parties. A code book is a simple definition and a list of codes that is shared between the parties and each code is used only once. Unless the code book is compromised this method of communication privacy is bullet proof. There is no computer in the world, and there won’t be any in the future that can figure out what the communication is. The only method would be the old school spying on the parties who are communicating between each other.If I need to give an example for the method above, it would be like, let’s choose a newspaper that is accessible to both parties. That will be our message base.Let’s define a codebook now:First code in the book is3–4,6–7,1–2 and repeats itselfsecond code is5–7,3–1,8–5,4–2 and repeats itselfSo let’s say I send you a message today like20,42,15,5,8,67,23,56,12,43,13,11,10Since it is our first message exchange you will use the first code in the book. Also our message base is only known to us which also makes it even more difficult for others to understand the secret message I just sent you.To understand the message, here is what you do: you pick up today’s New York Times which is the newspaper we agreed to use.Take the first number in the secret message which is 20, then look in the codebook for the first code which is 3–4. You go to the 3rd page find the 4th paragraph and get the 20th character and repeat this process for each number in the secret message I sent.Let’s say MI6 is trying to intercept the message, which they do because I sent the message by email or SMS or event with both to you.All they have is 20,42,15,5,8,67,23,56,12,43,13,11,10 and they have no idea what it means. They don’t know which text source we used, which was New York Times and they don’t know the code we used for that message which was 3–4,6–7,1–2. We can even make this more difficult, for each day of the week we use a different newspaper that we agree upon.And let’s say MI6 figures out which newspaper we use for each day, let’s say they even figure out our code mechanism which is the page, paragraph and character to decode the secret message.As long as we use each line of code only once and never repeat used codes, there is virtually no way that MI6 to figure out our conversation. Except of course sending their double o agent to one of us and beating us in the head with an iron bar which would make us sing like a bird and spill all the secrets.As you can see in the example an iron bar, strategically placed on your head with a moderate blow would break all the code we established.That reality aside, if I whisper to your ear the newspaper names and hand you a piece of paper with a list of codes which I also have the same copy, until ve run out of codes there is no way our communication can be interpreted when intercepted.The difficulty in this type of message confidentiality is sharing and keeping a piece of paper with a list of codes and do the code exchange again when the list of codes are depleted and never use a code again.When this is not possible for practical reasons like distance between parties or the number of messages exchanged being too high and frequent the methodology used is computer based encryption (ensuring the confidentiality of communication between parties) of messages.This is also not so unlike what we did in the first example. To create our never ending codes is that for each message we exchange we use 3 constants. You have a master key, a public key and we agree on a mathematical formula which is very very difficult for the computer to solve. The difficulty here ensures that the time to try every combination of variables (without the master key) for the formula is so long, it practically makes it impossible for others to guess our code list.In this method I also have a master key and a public key. To solve the issue of keeping a list of established codes and communicating that between parties we freely exchange our public keys with everyone and when I’m sending you a message, I use your public key (any of my keys except generating a special signature with my private key so that you can validate with my public key that ensures the message has originated really from me) to create a confidential message. When you receive it by email, SMS or regular post mail, you use your private key which can only find out the contents of the confidential message. And since we are talking about computer systems, we protect our private keys with passwords.I don’t like using names given by computer engineers or any other technical person but for the sake of clarification this master/public key and an established algorithm to use is called public private key cryptology.Another term I don’t like is ‘end to end encryption’. This is to confirm that the cryptology method used can not be intercepted by other parties and only the recipient can understand the contents of the message.One company who has developed an implementation of end to end encryption is Open Whisper Systems. They named their product ‘Signal’ which is a platform and also the name of their app on iOS and Android. Their product uses this public private key cryptology to ensure the text and voice communications between parties to stay confidential. Supposedly the infamous NSA whistle blower Edward Snowden uses their app and he considers it quite good.Now let’s circle back to the WhatsApp security issue. WhatsApp is using the protocol established by the Open Whisper Systems for their public private key protected communications (audio, video and text messages).The problem is the user friendliness of the Signal app is not good. There are certain times that these public and private keys have to be changed. 2 example of those times is if you change your phone or uninstall / reinstall your app (whichever app you are using, Signal or WhatsApp)To test the user friendliness of Signal App’s handling the change of the key pairs (public private key combinations) I used my regular human guinea pig Riz. It was very difficult for me to explain what he has to do and also to find the location of the menu items were horribly difficult. After cursing at me and the app designers many times Riz completed the approval of the new key exchange between us so we could communicate again.Let’s have a look into how WhatsApp has implemented this renewal of key pairs between users. Since authenticity of a user can only identified by trusting their private key signed signature and for the likely case of the user have a new phone or has reinstalled the WhatsApp App, WhatsApp servers keep a copy of the secret message until the recipient downloads it. Now let’s say that you sent me a message while I was offline and I changed phones meanwhile. When I get that message from you what the Signal app does is, it warns me and it won’t let you communicate with you until I approve your new public key (in the style of a combined public keys of both parties because there is only one code that needs to be verified on both ends). Instead of asking user to do the verification what WhatsApp does it re-encrypts your message with my new key again (in their explanation by asking your WhatsApp to keep that message in memory in encrypted form and first decrypt then re-encrypt the same message with my new public key) without asking neither of us to re-confirm the identity of both parties.This technically opens up a backdoor for intelligence agencies to decrypt the messages between parties.How does that happen? WhatsApp confirms App installation by SMS confirmation. Let’s say I want to intercept your WhatsApp messages. I send a team in a delivery van which looks like a repair van but which has a mobile communication signal jammer to your home address. The jamming is smart enough to make your phone think it is still in network coverage so you don’t suspect a thing unless you try to make a call which will look like mobile network is crowded and unavailable. While I knock your phone off the network I can do 2 things, I can either intercept any SMS messages which comes your way in my service van, or give a court order to the mobile phone company to give me a copy of your SMS messages in real time.Then I install WhatsApp on a new phone, enter your phone number as my number and receive a copy of the SMS confirmation with the verification number and enter it in WhatsApp. From that moment on I will receive any waiting (since I knocked you off mobile network) and any news messages WhatsApp users send to you.Intentional or unintentional this is a secret door that can be easily used by government agencies.If I used the above technique to intercept messages between Signal users, what would happen were to be, first I couldn’t receive any messages waiting in the cloud because Signal does not keep messages in the cloud, when you are offline, the message waits in the sender’s Signal App. When the sender tries to send a new or resend the unsent message to you, my new installation of Signal app on my government agency phone will inform your friend, the sender that I’ve changed our shared agreed secret code and asks your friend if s/he wants to approve this new installation on the other end by confirming the new shared secret code with you. When s/he calls you on your landline, you say you haven’t installed a new WhatsApp on your phone or changed phones, you both understand that there is another party in between trying to intercept your messages.Now, WhatsApp says that there is an option in their App, under Settings / Account / Security / Show Security Notifications which is by default off. If you turn this ON then their claim is you will receive notifications when a contact’s security code has changed. They don’t say if the messages will still be delivered in spite of a security notification or not. They add that ‘The messages you send your calls are encrypted regardless of this setting, WHEN POSSIBLE’. I capitalized the last 2 words, what the heck ‘WHEN POSSIBLE’ mean? They also do not say anything about the messages you are going to receive. Even though you enable this warning setting on, if your friend’s setting is not on, they will not be notified if the messages they are sending to you are intercepted.This unintentional secret door is called a ‘user friendly design choice’ by WhatsApp. It is such a user friendly design choice it is government agents friendly as well. I can’t imagine how many diplomats already delivered confidential messages to enemy agencies using WhatsApp. Diplomats in Brussels wake up and smell the coffee…
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How secure is WhatsApp? What does the company have to say about the recent security flaws pointed out in their app?
Since 1990, I’ve been studying the confidentiality of the messaging systems on computers and mobile devices.It was obvious that the electronic forums, emails and SMS messages could easily be intercepted by 3rd parties. Expecting the service providing companies to develop and implement confidentiality protocols were unrealistic. There were never a general consensus about the need for confidentiality or inter-service protocol development.With the discouragement of the governments many computer scientists shied away from creating software to keep communication confidential between parties.Many spy movies showed advanced technologies to keep the communication between spies and their organizations. The most famous being the Enigma machine used by the Germans during the World War 2. British scientist Alan Turing was the one to develop an early version of today’s computers to solve the mystery of the Enigma machine. Like every visionary he had serious problems with the establishment. After the government discovering that he was gay, he was given 2 options. First option was jail time until he turned heterosexual, or chemical castration. Poor Turing chose the second option and after a while he committed suicide. Every cryptologist today remembers to what happened to the first representative of this science.Without getting into the technological terms (they are all available on Wikipedia) the best way to keep conversation confidential is to use a code book between 2 (or more, but more on that later) parties. A code book is a simple definition and a list of codes that is shared between the parties and each code is used only once. Unless the code book is compromised this method of communication privacy is bullet proof. There is no computer in the world, and there won’t be any in the future that can figure out what the communication is. The only method would be the old school spying on the parties who are communicating between each other.If I need to give an example for the method above, it would be like, let’s choose a newspaper that is accessible to both parties. That will be our message base.Let’s define a codebook now:First code in the book is3–4,6–7,1–2 and repeats itselfsecond code is5–7,3–1,8–5,4–2 and repeats itselfSo let’s say I send you a message today like20,42,15,5,8,67,23,56,12,43,13,11,10Since it is our first message exchange you will use the first code in the book. Also our message base is only known to us which also makes it even more difficult for others to understand the secret message I just sent you.To understand the message, here is what you do: you pick up today’s New York Times which is the newspaper we agreed to use.Take the first number in the secret message which is 20, then look in the codebook for the first code which is 3–4. You go to the 3rd page find the 4th paragraph and get the 20th character and repeat this process for each number in the secret message I sent.Let’s say MI6 is trying to intercept the message, which they do because I sent the message by email or SMS or event with both to you.All they have is 20,42,15,5,8,67,23,56,12,43,13,11,10 and they have no idea what it means. They don’t know which text source we used, which was New York Times and they don’t know the code we used for that message which was 3–4,6–7,1–2. We can even make this more difficult, for each day of the week we use a different newspaper that we agree upon.And let’s say MI6 figures out which newspaper we use for each day, let’s say they even figure out our code mechanism which is the page, paragraph and character to decode the secret message.As long as we use each line of code only once and never repeat used codes, there is virtually no way that MI6 to figure out our conversation. Except of course sending their double o agent to one of us and beating us in the head with an iron bar which would make us sing like a bird and spill all the secrets.As you can see in the example an iron bar, strategically placed on your head with a moderate blow would break all the code we established.That reality aside, if I whisper to your ear the newspaper names and hand you a piece of paper with a list of codes which I also have the same copy, until ve run out of codes there is no way our communication can be interpreted when intercepted.The difficulty in this type of message confidentiality is sharing and keeping a piece of paper with a list of codes and do the code exchange again when the list of codes are depleted and never use a code again.When this is not possible for practical reasons like distance between parties or the number of messages exchanged being too high and frequent the methodology used is computer based encryption (ensuring the confidentiality of communication between parties) of messages.This is also not so unlike what we did in the first example. To create our never ending codes is that for each message we exchange we use 3 constants. You have a master key, a public key and we agree on a mathematical formula which is very very difficult for the computer to solve. The difficulty here ensures that the time to try every combination of variables (without the master key) for the formula is so long, it practically makes it impossible for others to guess our code list.In this method I also have a master key and a public key. To solve the issue of keeping a list of established codes and communicating that between parties we freely exchange our public keys with everyone and when I’m sending you a message, I use your public key (any of my keys except generating a special signature with my private key so that you can validate with my public key that ensures the message has originated really from me) to create a confidential message. When you receive it by email, SMS or regular post mail, you use your private key which can only find out the contents of the confidential message. And since we are talking about computer systems, we protect our private keys with passwords.I don’t like using names given by computer engineers or any other technical person but for the sake of clarification this master/public key and an established algorithm to use is called public private key cryptology.Another term I don’t like is ‘end to end encryption’. This is to confirm that the cryptology method used can not be intercepted by other parties and only the recipient can understand the contents of the message.One company who has developed an implementation of end to end encryption is Open Whisper Systems. They named their product ‘Signal’ which is a platform and also the name of their app on iOS and Android. Their product uses this public private key cryptology to ensure the text and voice communications between parties to stay confidential. Supposedly the infamous NSA whistle blower Edward Snowden uses their app and he considers it quite good.Now let’s circle back to the WhatsApp security issue. WhatsApp is using the protocol established by the Open Whisper Systems for their public private key protected communications (audio, video and text messages).The problem is the user friendliness of the Signal app is not good. There are certain times that these public and private keys have to be changed. 2 example of those times is if you change your phone or uninstall / reinstall your app (whichever app you are using, Signal or WhatsApp)To test the user friendliness of Signal App’s handling the change of the key pairs (public private key combinations) I used my regular human guinea pig Riz. It was very difficult for me to explain what he has to do and also to find the location of the menu items were horribly difficult. After cursing at me and the app designers many times Riz completed the approval of the new key exchange between us so we could communicate again.Let’s have a look into how WhatsApp has implemented this renewal of key pairs between users. Since authenticity of a user can only identified by trusting their private key signed signature and for the likely case of the user have a new phone or has reinstalled the WhatsApp App, WhatsApp servers keep a copy of the secret message until the recipient downloads it. Now let’s say that you sent me a message while I was offline and I changed phones meanwhile. When I get that message from you what the Signal app does is, it warns me and it won’t let you communicate with you until I approve your new public key (in the style of a combined public keys of both parties because there is only one code that needs to be verified on both ends). Instead of asking user to do the verification what WhatsApp does it re-encrypts your message with my new key again (in their explanation by asking your WhatsApp to keep that message in memory in encrypted form and first decrypt then re-encrypt the same message with my new public key) without asking neither of us to re-confirm the identity of both parties.This technically opens up a backdoor for intelligence agencies to decrypt the messages between parties.How does that happen? WhatsApp confirms App installation by SMS confirmation. Let’s say I want to intercept your WhatsApp messages. I send a team in a delivery van which looks like a repair van but which has a mobile communication signal jammer to your home address. The jamming is smart enough to make your phone think it is still in network coverage so you don’t suspect a thing unless you try to make a call which will look like mobile network is crowded and unavailable. While I knock your phone off the network I can do 2 things, I can either intercept any SMS messages which comes your way in my service van, or give a court order to the mobile phone company to give me a copy of your SMS messages in real time.Then I install WhatsApp on a new phone, enter your phone number as my number and receive a copy of the SMS confirmation with the verification number and enter it in WhatsApp. From that moment on I will receive any waiting (since I knocked you off mobile network) and any news messages WhatsApp users send to you.Intentional or unintentional this is a secret door that can be easily used by government agencies.If I used the above technique to intercept messages between Signal users, what would happen were to be, first I couldn’t receive any messages waiting in the cloud because Signal does not keep messages in the cloud, when you are offline, the message waits in the sender’s Signal App. When the sender tries to send a new or resend the unsent message to you, my new installation of Signal app on my government agency phone will inform your friend, the sender that I’ve changed our shared agreed secret code and asks your friend if s/he wants to approve this new installation on the other end by confirming the new shared secret code with you. When s/he calls you on your landline, you say you haven’t installed a new WhatsApp on your phone or changed phones, you both understand that there is another party in between trying to intercept your messages.Now, WhatsApp says that there is an option in their App, under Settings / Account / Security / Show Security Notifications which is by default off. If you turn this ON then their claim is you will receive notifications when a contact’s security code has changed. They don’t say if the messages will still be delivered in spite of a security notification or not. They add that ‘The messages you send your calls are encrypted regardless of this setting, WHEN POSSIBLE’. I capitalized the last 2 words, what the heck ‘WHEN POSSIBLE’ mean? They also do not say anything about the messages you are going to receive. Even though you enable this warning setting on, if your friend’s setting is not on, they will not be notified if the messages they are sending to you are intercepted.This unintentional secret door is called a ‘user friendly design choice’ by WhatsApp. It is such a user friendly design choice it is government agents friendly as well. I can’t imagine how many diplomats already delivered confidential messages to enemy agencies using WhatsApp. Diplomats in Brussels wake up and smell the coffee…
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