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Validate Electronic signature Word Simple. Investigate the most consumer-pleasant experience with airSlate SignNow. Manage your whole document finalizing and sharing system electronically. Move from handheld, pieces of paper-based and erroneous workflows to automated, digital and flawless. You can easily produce, deliver and signal any paperwork on any device just about anywhere. Make sure that your airSlate SignNow company circumstances don't fall overboard.
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FAQs
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What is the difference between digital migration and digital signature?
The world that we are living in today is turning modern and more tech-savvy with each passing day. There are a lot of business options coming into the picture every day and the processes of making these businesses work are getting easier and smoother. One such important process that changes how businesses work today is the use of a digital signature or electronic signature.While both these terms are often used in place of each other, they hold different meanings attached to them. The use of a digital signature often occurs at times when you need to secure documents that are provided by certification authorities. On the other hand, an electronic signature is associated with contracts where two parties are collaborating in one way or the other.One of the unique features that characterize a digital signature is that is it is similar to a fingerprint embedded in a document which is to be sent digitally. The person who intends to sign this document needs to have a digital certificate which will allow them to link their identity to the document. A digital signature software allows you to generate digital signatures for yourself.The authorization of digital signatures is often carried out by certification authorities that provide digital certificates that can be checked with important documents like licenses and passports. There are many digital signature service providers also out there like eSignly that provide you with authentic digital signature for your important documents. A digital signature is strongly linked with the personality of a person.While that’s all about the digital signature, an electronic signature can be understood as an electronic symbol or process that is linked to a contract where both the involved parties are intended to sign the documents. An electronic signature can not only be in written form but it can be verbal as well.The best advantage of using a electronic signature via an esignature app is that is can be used by anyone, anywhere and at any time. They have no restrictions attached to them. So whether you a businessman or a freelancer, an electronic signature can always make things work for you.
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Are an electronic signature and a digital signature similar?
How Electronic Signatures Are Different From Digital Signatures?The world is moving towards an era of e-governance & e-transactions and hence electronic and digital signatures play an important role in authenticating documents. All signatures related to electronic media are termed as electronic signatures and they include digital signatures. All digital signatures are electronic in nature but all electronic signatures cannot be categorized under digital signatures. Many of the companies are providing electronic signature services to clients across various segments as they are simple in nature. Any voice, image or impression by a person used as a signature on electronic document becomes electronic signature. Digital signatures are imprinted signatures with a mathematical scheme embedded in the document or mail.Check Here: Digital Signature Certificate Price ListElectronic SignaturesElectronic signatures are very simple and easy to use and they are widely accepted by many companies across the world. A user can do an electronic signature by clicking the mouse or tracing a signature with finger on the document.PROSEasy to use as they can be applied with a click of mouse or you can trace a signature onto the document with your finger.They do not have the hassle of coding and other securities and hence provided by many companies issuing e-signatures.Lower transaction costs involved with electronic signatures make it a hot favorite against signing of a paper based document.You can go green with electronic signatures by saving tress, which could be cut down for manufacturing paper.It will speed up any business contracts and legal formalities which is a plus point for your organization.CONSElectronic signatures are not regulated like the digital signatures and do not come with an embedded finger print.The electronic vendors set their own standards and you are forced to believe them, when they say their electronic signatures are secure.Electronic signatures are not coded like the digital signatures. This coding is the main thing which authenticates the identity of the signer and the time on which the document was signed.Electronic signatures constitute an image placed on the document and it will not give any information regarding document being tampered with.One more drawback is that you need to check back on the vendor to know whether your document is tampered or not and if you want to change the vendor then you will lose all your previously signed documents on the vendor’s server.Digital SignaturesDigital Signatures are a variety of electronic signatures which are coded with a mathematical algorithm to authenticate the signer identity and secure the document against any tampering. A digital signature has an embedded finger print which can be verified by digital verification.PROSDigital signatures with verifiable embedded finger print provide highest security to the document owners. These fingerprints get altered immediately if the document is tampered with. Some of the digital signatures issuing companies comply with International standards.Adhering to high PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) standards, the digitally signed documents are highly trust worthy and authentic.More & more countries today are legally accepting the digital signatures due to their high level of security and signer identity verification.In case of digital signatures there is no need for the signatory to rely upon vendors to retain the authenticity of his digital sign for a document. Even if you change the vendor the authentication of the digital signature by a signatory remains inside the document.Digital signatures can stand against any kind of independent verification by any authority in the International arena. The authenticity of the signatory can be proved in any court of law across different countries of the world.CONSGetting digital signature is a little costly affair as the vendor has to comply with code generation and International standards of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure).The technology used for developing digital signature is high end and not all the companies provide them and these technologies have a very short shelf life.In order to use digital signatures effectively both the senders and the recipients may have to obtain digital certificates from trusted certified authority.The senders and receivers may have to buy verification software at a cost to verify the authenticity of digital certificates.In some countries laws related to digital signature are nonexistent; people may get in to trouble in such countries for having digitally signed documents.There are many digital signature standards and they are incompatible with each other. Hence sharing of digitally signed documents becomes complicated.Check Here: Digital Signature Certificate Price List
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How do you electronically sign?
Signing documents virtually is the new technique availed by many industries. With this technical advancement organizations have eliminated the inconvenience of printing, signing, and scanning of papers before sending it to parties. Electronic signature [ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_signature ] is the latest shortcut which saves time and money by making the process totally online. Here’s how you can sign documents electronically- Signing A Word Document If you are an organization dealing with hundreds of documents on a regular basis you must acquire efficient electronic signature software [ https://www.esignly.com/ ] or an electronic signature app. This will make the entire process swift and simple. Follow these steps to electronically sign a word document- 1. Open the word document that needs to be signed. 2. Click on the "Insert" tab after going through the contents of the document 3. Onto the right most corner Click the "Signature Line" option 4. Next you will see a "Signature Setup" window on your screen. Read the information and make sure all the fields are filled completely. Once the information is filled, click “OK”. A signature line will then appear onto your Word Document. 5. Right click on the signature line to go to the menu options. From the options specified select the "Sign" option. 6. Next click on the "Select Image" to select the image of your signature from the device you are working on by clicking on. 7. Select the commitment type in order to assign the role to the sign holder. This will also reveal the role of the signature holder and validate the document. 8. Go to "Details %3E Additional signing info" and fill in all the information required. 9. Next add the token to the signature which you have entered. This will require password to make sure that the token is added completely. 10. Your signature is now added successfully into the Word Doc. Right click to make sure that the signature is validated. Signing A PDF Document 1. Download the PDF document received to sign 2. Open the PDF form in Acrobat or Reader. 3. Click the Sign icon from the toolbar. Alternatively, you can choose Tools %3E Fill & Sign or choose Fill & Sign from the right pane. 4. The Fill & Sign tool will be displayed. In that Click Me. 5. A blue box will appear. Click anywhere in the blue box, the cursor will be placed at the right position automatically. Type your text to fill the field. 6. You can also add annotations or symbols from the toolbar like - Crossmark, Checkmark, Circle, Line, and Dot. 7. Click Apply, next click at the place where you want to place the signature or initial in the PDF document. 8. And you are done! Follow these simple steps to electronically sign a word or PDF document. Hope this helps!!!
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What are the regulations for online beer sales in the UK?
Selling online: an overview of the rulesThis is an edited version of a guide for businesses.E-commerce TMT & Sourcing TMT Retail Education UKThere has been a steady growth in the variety and volume of goods and services which are available on-line to both businesses and consumers, and on-line selling is increasingly seen as a major way for all businesses to save costs. Almost inevitably, as the practice of on-line selling proliferates so does the amount of legislation governing it. This article provides an overview of the law governing on-line sales in the UK and an analysis of the issues that a business should consider before setting up an on-line sales process.The law governing online salesThere are two distinct types of legislation that affect on-line retailers. Firstly, traditional consumer protection regulations apply to all consumer sales made on-line. These regulations are well established, but it is important to remember that they apply to on-line retailers as much as they do to traditional ones. Secondly, there are regulations designed specifically to deal with problems and issues facing retailers on-line.Traditional consumer protection regulationsThese protect purchasers and consumers whether they are buying the goods over the counter of a shop or over the internet. For instance the Sale of Goods Act gives certain rights to purchasers about the quality of the goods they receive, and their rights if the goods fail to live up to these standards. The Consumer Credit Act protects consumers' rights when they enter into an agreement for someone to provide them with loans or credit facilities including circumstances where they buy goods or services using a credit card. The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contract Regulations protect consumers' rights where they enter into agreements with retailers who try to impose unfair terms in the agreement. There are also numerous other pieces of legislation, many of which will apply to different contract and product types.Online regulationsThese regulations are new, and were brought into force largely to protect consumers' rights when they buy products either over the internet or by telephone. They largely derive from EU Directives, and include the E-commerce Regulations , the Distance Selling Regulations and the Electronic Signatures Regulations . These are the regulations that control the actual on-line sales process and they provide the starting block from which we can consider the practical business requirements of on-line retailers.Although the traditional consumer regulations are important for all sales processes, this article focuses on the on-line regulations and how they affect the various stages of the on-line sales process. The next five sections take you through what the regulations require including information that must be provided to a purchaser, the use of electronic signatures, contract formation issues and ensuring your contract is legal.Information that must be suppliedThe various regulations share a central theme: companies should not hide themselves from purchasers, and should provide as much information to purchasers as possible.Company information that must be supplied under the E-Commerce RegulationsThe E-Commerce Regulations require that all commercial web sites make the following information directly and permanently available to consumers via the website:the company's name, postal address (and registered office address if this is different) and email address;the company's registration number;any Trade or Professional Association memberships;the company's VAT number.All of this applies regardlessof whether the site sells on-line. In addition, any commercial communication – that is any email or even SMS text message – used in providing an "Information Society Service" must display this information.The E-Commerce Regulations also require that all prices must be clear and unambiguous, and web sites must state whether the prices are inclusive of taxes and delivery costs.Contractual information that must be supplied under the E-Commerce RegulationsWhen it comes to actually going through the contractual process the requirements for information increase once again and the consumers must be told:the steps involved in completing the contract on-line;whether the contract will be stored by the retailer and/or permanently accessible;the technical means the site uses to allow consumers to spot and correct errors made while inputting their details prior to the order being placed;the languages offered to conclude the contract;The website must also provide links to any relevant Codes of Conduct to which the retailer subscribes and set out the retailer's Terms and Conditions, in a way which allows users to save and print them.All of this information must be provided before the purchaser selects the product and starts the contractual process and it is possible to convey it early on in the sale, without deterring users with an unwieldy sales process. The most common route is to bundle as many of these details into the terms and conditions as possible, and ensure that consumers are appropriately directed to read them.Information that must be supplied under the Distance Selling RegulationsThese Regulations set out the information which must be provided to a consumer prior to the conclusion of the contract.The information must be provided in a clear and comprehensible manner which is appropriate to the means of distance communication used. This means that the information can be set out on a web page, provided that the information is brought to the attention of the consumers before the contract is entered into. The information to be provided includes all of the information which a supplier should, in any event, wish to provide in relation to:the identity of the supplier;the main characteristics of the goods or services;their price;arrangements for payment and delivery; andthe existence of the right of cancellation created under the Distance Selling Regulations.Information that should be set out in the terms and conditionsThe terms and conditions should:make it clear who is selling the product, together with the geographical and email address;describe clearly what the customer is getting and what it will cost, including all taxes and delivery costs; andidentify the arrangements for delivery of the product.The terms and conditions of the site are very important, and will vary for every retailer. It is important that the terms and conditions are properly drafted, as poorly drafted terms and conditions will expose the retailer to unnecessary risk.Electronic signaturesThe Electronic Signature Regulations apply to any contract and not just those entered into with consumers. In order for there to be a binding contract the following essential elements of a contract must be present:an unconditional offer;an unconditional acceptance of that offer;consideration passing from both parties other than in Scotland where consideration is not a requirement; andan intention to create legal relations, i.e. the parties must intend to enter into a legally binding contract.There must also be certainty as to the terms, parties and subject matter of the contract. For the majority of contracts there is no legal requirement for a signature.Whenever a person buys or sells something he or she is entering into a contract, no matter how small the purchase. In the newsagents, when a person buys a newspaper he or she contracts with the newsagent for the purchase. The newsagent makes an 'Invitation to Treat' by placing the publication on sale. The person offers to purchase it from the newsagent, proffering money, and the offer is accepted (concluding the contract) by taking the money. This is still a contract, although not a word needs to be said, and nothing is written down. However, the essentials of a contract have been formed: an offer (to buy, or sell), an acceptance of that offer, and (everywhere except Scotland) consideration (whether money being paid, or some other form of consideration) for the sale. The various stages of the contractual process will be discussed in more detail later, as it is important to distinguish between who is making the offer and who is accepting it.Signatures are not actually necessary for the conclusion of every contract (your visit to the paper shop could become a chore), but they can have three essential functions when we consider on-line contracts:To identify the person who has bought the product;To indicate a personal involvement, or trustworthiness; andTo indicate an intention to be bound to the contract.The principal, and simple effect of the Electronic Signature Regulations is to make electronic signatures legally valid. Most of the discussion, and further interpretation of electronic signatures actually comes from a report published in December 2001 by the Law Commission entitled "Electronic Commerce: Formal requirements in Commercial Transactions", and in subsequent guidance from the DTI.Depending on exactly what is being sold the method of collecting the electronic signature will vary. In most cases, the function required of the electronic signature is the third one listed above – indicating that the purchaser is making an offer to contract. However, for more complex products being sold on-line, for instance financial services products, the role of the signature may become more important for one or both of the first two reasons.Depending on the value and/or importance of the transaction the parties may want a greater degree of certainty as to reliability of the signature. This may involve the use of public key infrastructure, for example.Contract formation issuesThe main issues considered in this section are how, when and where the contract is formed. This involves an analysis of the contract formation procedure based on the principle of offer and acceptance and the significance of the "country of origin" principle.The offer and acceptance procedure onlineStep 1: Establishing the offer and acceptance procedureThis is where the E-commerce Regulations can be used to the seller's advantage. It is possible to sell on-line and take payment by credit card without concluding the contract on-line. The solution is to provide that the customer is making an offer on the site and that the contract will be formed only if the customer's order is accepted – and that taking payment from the customer's credit card does not indicate cceptance.On-line merchant accounts provide for making refunds to a customer's credit card. Therefore, the terms should explain that, while the customer's card may be debited before the contract is formed, if the customer's order is ultimately rejected, a refund will be made immediately.Step 2: Completing the order formThe customer is taken to the order form where he completes the quantity of goods and his delivery details. It would be good practice to offer three buttons: submit, clear and cancel. The "clear" button is needed because the E-Commerce Regulations require a means for the customer to correct any errors.Step 3: Incorporating the terms and conditionsAt the bottom of the terms and conditions page the purchaser should, ideally, be required to check a box to indicate that he or she has read, understood and accepted the terms and conditions, before clicking the "Accept" button. The "Accept" button should not work until the box has been checked. Equally the page should be designed in such a way that the consumer cannot check the box and click "Accept" until the page has fully loaded onto the screen. By doing this, you improve your position in the event that a purchaser claims there was no opportunity to read your terms.While there is no responsibility on the retailer to ensure that the consumer has in fact read them, following this procedure will demonstrate that reasonable efforts have been made to bring them to purchasers' attention. The terms and conditions should be in a format that can be printed or saved – therefore avoid pop-up windows and ensure that they fit within the width of the page and are presented in a way that they will print properly.It is wise to also include a term like the following:"By clicking the 'Accept' button you agree to these terms and conditions. By completing and submitting the following electronic order form you are making an offer to purchase goods which, if accepted by us, will result in a binding contract."The words, "if accepted by us," are very important.This approach is the suggested 'best practice' approach for relaying the terms and conditions, and ensuring that the consumer has read them. However, it is not the most consumer friendly approach to present the purchaser with a screen of 'small print' in the middle of what, to the consumer, was an otherwise normal shopping experience. Therefore a number of on-line retailers adopt a second-best approach, which is to include a link to the terms and conditions, and make the consumer tick a box to confirm that they have read and accepted the terms and conditions, before they click the main button to buy the product. This approach, while not as legally secure, is probably acceptable in a number of purchasing models.Step 4: Taking the consumer's credit card details on-lineAt this stage, the user should be taken to the page on a secure server where his credit card details are taken. This page should state: "Your card will be debited with the sum of £X when you click the Submit button. This will be refunded if your offer is refused." Repeat the choice of submit, clear and cancel.Step 5: Acknowledging receipt of the orderWhen the card details are validated, the E-Commerce Regulations require that you give the customer an acknowledgement page and send an acknowledgement email. This should not confirm a contract; it should instead confirm that the order has been received and that the order is being "processed". It is helpful to give the customer an order number at this stage so that he or she can chase-up any problems. It is good practice, though not legally required, to ask the user to click a button on a confirmation page to indicate that he has read the confirmation – e.g. a "Continue" button, linking to the homepage of the site.Step 6: Providing confirmation of the information provided and the right to cancelThe Distance Selling Regulations now require the supplier to provide the consumer in writing or in another durable medium confirmation of the information provided prior to the conclusion of the contract and details of the right of cancellation. Generally a consumer has a period of seven working days within which to cancel the contract and return the goods to the supplier. The only cost to a consumer will be the cost of returning any goods received by it to the supplier.A consumer will not be entitled to cancel a contract after it has been entered into, where the supplier has commenced the provision of services with the consumer's agreement prior to the end of the cancellation period then the consumer will not have the right to cancel the contract for the provisional services. However, in order to benefit from this exception, the supplier must have advised the consumer that the consumer will not be able to cancel the contract once the performance of the services has begun with the consumer's agreement.It is not possible to contract out of the Distance Selling Regulations. Any term which attempts to do this will be void to the extent that it is inconsistent with the provisions of the distance Selling Regulations.Step 7: DeliveryFinally, dispatch the goods. If a typo mislabelled an item costing £200 at £2 and someone ordered 500 of them, the site could politely – and legally – refuse the order. This is because by following the procedure set out above the dispatch of goods is in effect the acceptance of the offer made by the consumer at the start of the process. Until this point there has been no acceptance and only an acknowledgement.The "country of origin" principleThe E-commerce Regulations apply a "country of origin" principle. In its simplest form, this means that as long as a UK business complies with UK laws, it can "ignore" the laws of other Member States. In general terms this is a definite bonus for on-line retailers. However, recognising that such an approach would be bad news for consumers, this basic rule is qualified.The E-Commerce Regulations do not apply the country of origin principle to the terms of consumer contracts. In practical terms, this means that a UK-based e-commerce site's terms and conditions should meet the laws of every Member State in which consumers can buy its products, not just UK laws.As a result of the consumer contract exception, any site selling to French consumers must provide its terms and conditions in French – otherwise they may be considered invalid. If selling into Denmark, consumers must be given a 14 working day cooling-off period during which the consumer can change his or her mind about the purchase and return the goods for a refund. In the UK, the cooling-off period is only seven working days. These are only examples, of course there are many other differences.Despite this signNow qualification, there are still advantages in the Regulations' country of origin principle that can benefit a UK-based business. For example, the UK's retail laws are among the most relaxed in Europe. This can give UK businesses advantages over, say, German competitors. A German e-tailer must comply with any German restrictions on promotional offers; its UK rival escapes such restrictions, even when selling to German consumers.Ensuring your contract is legalIt is important for e-commerce retailers to ensure that the contract which is formed with the consumer under the process described above is both legally correct and also affords the retailer the maximum protection. There are various ways in which the contracting process can be structured to be legally correct, and it is important to balance absolute best practice, and a more commercial approach which is still legally correct. Equally, it is surprisingly easy to structure the process in a way which is legally incorrect, and which exposes the company to more risk than is necessary.
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How does it ‘feel’ to fly an F-35 compared to the aircraft it is replacing?
Major Morten “Dolby” Hanche is a pilot for the Royal Norwegian Air Force (Luftforsvaret) and has been providing updates on his experience with the F-35 on the Luftforsvaret’s “Kampflybloggen” (“Fighter Jet Blog”).For a bit of context; Norway currently flies the F-16 (the jet that the F-35 primarily replaces) and is procuring the F-35A (the Air Force / land variant replacing the F-16).Here is a post he wrote on the 2nd of June, 2017, translated via Google Translate:Norway's fifth F-35 landed at the Luke Air Force Base in Arozina May 25, 2017 11.13 local time. PHOTO: Luke Air Force BaseIn February, I was allowed to talk about F-35 during the annual Air Force Seminar at the Air War School in Trondheim. The order was F-35 and air-to-air roll. I have written a part about F-35 and air combat in other blog posts. This post is a customized version of the lecture I held in Trondheim, and it has a slightly different angle. Initially, I summarize the performance perspective before I go into the most important part of the article: How should the Defense use the F-35 in the air-to-air role? I think this is an important question, which we must have good and clear answers to. In a larger perspective, I do not think it's smart to try to distinguish the air-to-air role from air to hill. The point must be that the Armed Forces must have a plan for how to use the F-35. I will return to this in a later post.The term "fifth-level air defense" was repeated during the seminar. Even I'm a bit unsure of what it really means. Once I have used the phrase in the lecture, it was a very simple interpretation at the bottom: A "fifth generation air defense" is somewhat better - more effective - than we have today. Our academics can certainly elaborate on this in the future. Here you have talked:The king in the airI've used a lot about F-35 earlier. Last time I thought something about Air War College, my background was to have read specifications, test reports and have flown simulator. Then I stated that the machine was formidable. Now I have flown the machine for a year and I'm glad to say; What did I say? F-35 is the king in the air!I'll be a bit more precise: With full war equipment, my experience with F-35A is thatIt's easier to fly than F-16.It's faster than F-16.It has a longer range than F-16.It flies higher than F-16.It is more maneuverable than F-16.It finds opponents on a longer distance (than F-16 would have done).Opponents discover F-35 later than an F-16 would be found.And it looks tougher!So what? Is it relevant to compare with F-16? It is not very likely that we meet a hostile F-16. The reason I compare with F-16 is because I know F-16 because F-16 is a mid-to-tree example of a "fourth generation" fighter plane and because rated sources make it difficult to compare directly with more current threats there out.Let me give you some practical examples that I believe support my claims.Vingled crowWhen I took the F-35 in the air for the first time, I immediately noticed that the airplane was easy to fly. The impression has only been stronger since then. F-35 has a nice balance between soft and accurate response on one side, for example, when we fly in tight formation. On the other hand, the machine reacts quickly and violently when I need it, for example in close combat. In F-35, we sometimes prefer low-speed close combat because the F-35 can be reliably controlled at lower speeds than I am used to. Another side of the F-35 and ease of use is that it's easy to get up in the air and easy to land. This is especially evident when landing in sidewinds: F-16 is like a winged crow, which you have to guard all the way. In comparison, the F-35 almost feels like a train on rails.I live there and know what I'm talking about.Is it so important that the machine is easy to fly? Should not the pilots, with expensive education (and big ego) cope with a small challenge? It should be obvious that an airplane that is easy to use is safer to operate; The pilot gets more profits to plan ahead and can make better decisions. This is especially important with the F-35 since there are no two-seater seats for use in exercise. There will never be an instructor in a backseat, ready to save a dangerous situation. Good flying qualities are therefore a big advantage when we will bring fresh airplanes home from the summer of Arizona to a little worse and colder weather in a few years. (I live there and know what I am talking about).Supersonic speedMost importantly, however, is that a machine that is easy to use gives the flyer more profits to make good combat technical decisions. Good decisions needed to solve the assignment. In other words, we get more "tactical currency" out of the weapon platform when the pilot does not plunder with the plane.I want to tell you about another impression from my first flight in F-35, and that's the F-35 is a fast machine. The F-35 keeps effortlessly high speed. Unlike the F-16, this also applies to weapon loads. The machine is so "happy" that we need to make new F-35 pilots especially aware of this. The F-35 is upset if you do not follow. Therefore, it's not uncommon for a flyer without thinking it ends up in supersonic speed!In addition to being a fast machine, the F-35 is fast to accelerate - it accelerates well. It is clear in close combat. I can use the speed in exchange for a temporary, stronger swing when I maneuver compared to the opponent. Nonetheless, if I slam a little bit and give the plane a break, I quickly get back the speed. I can thus vary between crab and full sprint in a short period of time.With the F-35 you can vary between crab and full sprint in a short period of time. PHOTO: Torbjørn Kjosvold / Defense«El Gato»I have been introduced to "El Gato" during the fall when he learned to fly F-35 with us. "Gato" is an experienced F / A-18 pilot who has gone through the weapons schools of both the US Marine Corps and the US Navy, also known as Top Gun. Let me quote El Gato, after his first flight in F-35A: "... it flies like a hornet, but with four engines ...". (In comparison, the F-18 usually has two engines). Or to quote one of my Italian colleagues, after his first taste of F-35: "I did not think performance like this was possible." (So, in positive terms.)Is it important to fly quickly? Do not we have missiles flying quickly on our behalf? With an elongate country it is an advantage that we can keep high speed over a long period of time. We can fly from Ørland to Banak on the hour, and still have the opportunity to solve a mission. (We can not do that with F-16). Or, we can quickly be on the spot to help our colleagues on the hill or at sea.In addition, high speed and high altitude are important in air combat. For the same reason as spydkasters take slopes, we take a run-by-plane with the plane; We give the missile higher total energy, which means more range. More signNow means that it's even more difficult for the opponent to "turn" away when the shot comes."Dogfight"A controversial theme among (other) bloggers with strong opinions has been F-35 in close combat, or "dogfight". Many critics have been one-sided negative to F-35 in relation to air-to-air role, and especially in relation to close combat. I've read that F-35 is "a grape", "a turkey" and "a failure". (Ie, negative). I want to ask a counter-question? Is it relevant to talk about "dogfight"? I think many people exaggerate the importance of close combat. My experience is that "dogfight" rarely involves two planes that actively fight against each other. More often it is that a party has an overview while the other unsuspecting becomes a victim. The victim is shot down without trying for a defensive maneuver. I think we'd rarely be the victim with F-35 but rather the one who surprises the opponent.I think many people exaggerate the importance of close combat.Regardless of the background, let's assume that the "dogfight" is a fact. A year ago, we had so far begun to learn how we fought best match F-35. Now we have come a long way, and I have a different impression than the critics: I have found that F-35 is a maneuverable machine that causes serious trouble for F-16 and others when we meet in close combat. My experience is that it is easier to keep an offensive starting point, but also; that it's easier to turn a neutral or defensive starting point into offensive. What does this mean: If I were to be surprised at F-35, I still turn the fight to my advantage. If I find you first, the F-35 hangs like a coat and you do not get lost alive."You killed"I would like to emphasize an important difference from F-16 in this context. F-16 on the fly show is maneuverable and impressive, but F-16 with war equipment is "a beaten one". The F-35 on its side is maneuverable and fast also with war equipment. (The first time I flew with F-35 internal weapon load, I can honestly tell me I did not notice it on the machine.)A battlefield in the air is a dangerous arena, which we want to keep away. F-35's greatest strength is clear in the ability to find and kill others before they have the opportunity to take back. Nonetheless, if the missiles should fail, if I'm out of missiles or if the opponent has the perfect remedy; then I know that the F-35 is maneuverable and powerful enough to bite off in close combat as well as any other fighter plane out there."If I were to be surprised at F-35, I still turn the fight to my advantage. If I find you first, F-35 hangs like a coat and you do not get lost. "PHOTO: Torbjørn Kjosvold / Armed ForcesNinja in felt slippersBefore I go into the core of the lecture, I want to talk about low-key and sensors. Some have claimed that signature is almost something mythical, or at least a vulnerable concept, which at best has limited validity. My experience is something else. The reference is mainly to have flown to F-16 in scenarios where F-16 had Ground Control Intercept. What happens then? Well, for a long time, I know exactly where the formation with F-16 is and I have plenty of time to plan the attack. The F-16, on its part, relies on being led all the way back to us, whether they are able to take back. Nevertheless, the outcome is that all F-16 are shot down without fading off a single shot in our direction. There is nothing ridiculous about this. It's a completely uneven match. It is as though you were being attacked on the streets by a camouflage-guided ninja in filthy trousers, jumping out from behind a bush and striking a bat. It's rough, brutal and totally surprising. Another experience is that we manage to sneak out undetected past the formation with F-16, if we wish. I have taken myself a little while I "list" me past our opponents in this way. It gives a special sense of supremacy: knowing that I can shoot you now, or now, but I do not. At the same time as the opponent can not recover.It is as though you were being attacked on the streets by a camouflage-guided ninja in filthy trousers, jumping out from behind a bush and striking a bat.Is this just bargain or do I have a more important point? I think the combination of good sensors, low signature and high performance makes us better able to both solve the assignment and come home again. In other words, bag and bag! We get more "bang for the buck" with F-35 than with the F-16 (also) in the air-to-air role.A complex arenaBefore I move on, I warn against well-meaning critics its often binary interpretation: Air Combat is a complex arena. My experience is that the world is not black and white, that a single performance parameter, a single requirement specification or a loose extract of a test report does not tell the whole story and that human being is probably the most important factor. "It depends" is an answer I often hear in discussion with other pilots. There is more to say about the F-35 in the air-to-air role, but we have to take it to the bar (where unrestricted boasts belongs).I have tried to give you my user perspective on F-35. I hope I was clear that the F-35 is fatal in the air-to-air role. I'm sure (because I'm sure I would not like to meet F-35 in the air myself). Therefore, I also think the ordering of the subject was a bit frustrating: now it's time to believe us when over and over again, telling us that the F-35 is effective in the air-to-air role. We must move on in the debate and address the most important question; How should we choose to use F-35 in the counter-air role? As long as our political and military leaders do not have a complete answer to this, we do not have any five-generation Defense!Control and alert chainNorwegian military doctrine has had a strategic defensive and tactically offensive ambition. Strategically defensive is little controversial. Nor has there been much discussion about how we might try to act tactically offensive. I think that's because we've had little real ability to actually act offensive. Poor survival means that the Armed Forces can not follow an offensive line with F-16. At least not in the face of an advanced opponent. Our old F-16 is particularly vulnerable to modern air defense systems, which in practice shut the airspace for us. F-16's poor sensor capacity means that our F-16 is also fully dependent on the control and alert chain to be effective on mission.Now it's time to believe us when we go again saying that the F-35 is effective in the air-to-air role.Because the F-16 is so dependent on support from the control and warning chain, our F-16 has traditionally been "tight link" in terms of engagement rules and authority to deliver weapons. In practice, the pilot has received approval to engage each air goal. There are good reasons to keep a tight link, not least to avoid unwanted political and strategic consequences, but also to avoid engaging other own forces.Unlike the F-16, the F-35 has a robust ability to identify air targets on its own and with great accuracy. Before I move on, I track a bit to emphasize an important prerequisite: That we have an updated and validated electronic library in our F-35. The library describes both friendly and hostile radio transmitters of all kinds, such as radar. Set on the tip; An inaccurate electronic library causes the F-35 pilot to shoot down the passenger plane instead of the enemy combat plane. Therefore, I think the priority of just programming lab was an invaluable step towards a five-generation defense.Norwegian military doctrine has had a strategic defensive and tactically offensive ambition. PHOTO: Torbjørn Kjosvold / DefenseMore authority for the cockpitBack on track. Assuming a good electronic library and robust ability to identify goals on their own; Therefore, in a full war situation, greater authority should be delegated to the F-35 pilot. If strategic and operational management does not dare to delegate authority to "cockpit", and inverting our old action pattern, where the control and alert chain "approves" every shot, we will always be less effective than possible with the F-35. We will operate a fifth generation weapon platform in a third generation Defense.Greater delegation of authority to "cockpit" also means that the control and warning chain has a slightly different role. There is less emphasis on control and more emphasis on alert than we are used to. (F-16 must be "rented" completely into the boxing box, if there will be any match. F-35 finds the road itself, right from the wardrobe.) Since the F-35 only needs to be directed in the "general direction" we usually have little need to talk with the checkers on the ground. An updated situation picture, showing land, sea and air targets, and shared with data links, is probably all that is needed. ("Voice Control" was the British already successful during the Battle of Britain.)Greater trust from managementAnother likely challenge for our command and control device is that F-35 abruptly can be the only sensor that follows an air goal. This may be because the control and warning chain does not have sensor coverage in the area or because the sensors are broken. Nevertheless, it brings again the issue of delegation of authority. Perhaps we have no other data on this goal, but the F-35 has identified it as hostile, with high levels of reliability. What decision should boss NAOC take? Should he be part of the process? Can he be part of the process, if the goal is volatile - do you think a cross-missile - or if F-35 is out of line coverage?Delegation of greater authority to the "cockpit" requires high trust from senior management (which will surely look after the F-35 squadrons as a sphere of "strategic" fenomenals and lieutenants). Continuing good education lays the foundation for trust and delegation, but I doubt that education alone will bring us to the fullest. I think it's important that senior management takes an active role and engages to learn and fully understand what F-35 brings. This understanding is essential for managers to dare to rely on system F-35. Without a greater degree of delegation, we will hardly be able to fully utilize the F-35.New and important choicesThis might be a slight downturn. Back to the air defense. Defensive contra-air with F-16, or air defense, we are well-known in Norway. F-16's poor sensor capacity and low survival rate made the F-16 a purely defensive resource for home-based use: We wait until the opponent signNowes us and sends F-16 to engage the opponent's airplane, over Norway. (Hopefully , because the gun load is delivered). The goal selection for our F-16 in the counter-air role is therefore self-evident; We are chasing the enemy's airplanes. The planes are the goal. This is a reactive way of action, which forces the Armed Forces to keep high readiness over time. High preparedness requires large resources. (Has the Armed Forces great resources?) With F-35, and in the long term, Joint & Naval Strike Missile (JSM & NSM), this changes.Good survival allows the F-35 to operate in areas that are closed to F-16. Good sensors allow the F-35 to be effective also without the support of the control and warning chain. (In other words, not just "home"). Therefore, the F-35 gives our military and political leadership new and important choices. Choices that must be taken now, which must result in updated headings, attitudes, concepts and plans in government, ministry and operational headquarters. (If this does not happen, only squadrons are ready to be ready by 2019. Do we have a five-generation Defense?)Delegation of greater authority to "cockpit" requires high trust from senior management. PHOTO: Torbjørn Kjosvold / DefenseContraindications AirOur managers can choose to use the F-35 just the way we use F-16 today, as a kind of Super-16. (An F-16 on steroids). F-35 will do better in this role than F-16 today, but the behavior is still reactive, requires large resources and we have limited own target choices. (It's like using a modern PC just like an electric typewriter, without ever logging in online. Not to mention a round of solitaire.)With the F-35, our political and military leaders can for the first time choose to be tactically offensive. In a contra-air campaign, target selection only needs to be enemy aircraft in air, across Norway. We can choose to intervene in the opponent's chain on an earlier stage. Within the framework of contra-air, natural targets can be command and control systems, opponent's airports with aircraft on the ground, runways and weapon bearings, or the opponent's logistics chain. It should be obvious that these goals can give greater effect to an opponent, especially over time. None of these choices are on the table with F-16 alone.Most important means of actionIf we choose to be more offensive in the use of air force, we are going on to a proactive role. It moves us away from a forced fatigue war and will be an asset resource. Especially for Norway's small defense. An offensive approach forces the attacker to confront defensively.A natural continuation of this thinking must be to clarify the role of F-35 in defense of Norway in a joint operational context. Not only air-to-air, and air power, in a vacuum. What should we prioritize, with limited number of aircraft available? Should we provide support for the army at Finnmarksvidda? Should we fly patrol over the frigates to the Navy? Can we do everything at the same time, or should FOH prioritize other goals that could give greater effect?I do not argue that Norway will only react aggressively. What will be the correct use of power in a given situation, it is up to our senior executives to decide. My point is that our managers have a job to do: Our leaders must think through the new freedom of choice, and find out when, where and how, F-35, as the Armed Forces most important means of power, should be used tactically offensive in defense of Norway. We do not have a five-generation defense before we have this answer crystal clear.
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What is the difference between a digital certificate & a digital signature?
Digital Signatures are generated electronically, which is used to ensure the authenticity & integrity of data for example e-mail message. Whereas, Digital Certificate is like a credential for the Internet. It can be said that it's similar to other identity proofs of a person like driver's license or any employee ID card. Trusted third parties issues digital certificates, for establishing the identity of the person who owns certificate. These third parties who issues digital certificates are known as Certificate Authority (CA). In simple words, Digital Certificates are used to do verification of the trustworthiness of a website and Digital Signatures are used to verify the trustworthiness of the information.Generally, three algorithms are used by a digital signature system. Key generation algorithm is used to generate a public and private key pairs. Another one signing algorithm is used to generate a signature which is used at time of giving out private key and a message. Lastly, signature verifying algorithm is used for the verification of the message, a signature & the public key.Whereas Digital Certificates, uses a digital signature for attaching a public key with any particular entity or individual. Some of the information carried along with digital certificates are like, a serial number which is used to identify every certificate uniquely, the individual or entity identified by the certificate and the algorithm which is used for creating the signature. Apart from this, it contains the CA which verifies all the information of the certificate, validation and expiry date of the certificate. It also contains public key and thumbprint to assure that certificate is not modified. Digital Certificates are mostly used on E-commerce websites which are based on HTTPS to gain trust of the website visitors.One thing to note is that, Organization or any website which uses digital certificate don't need any relation with the remote site; what they need is just the ability to know which digital certificate authority was used by the site to validate it. When it comes to Digital Signatures, the recipient should have a relationship with the hosting site or the sender. This relationship is essential in order to know where and how the information of check-sum will be sent.
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Is Zoho a good CRM?
Years ago, Zoho was once considered the “poor man’s Salesforce”, because it was simply a cheap CRM in comparison. Today’s startups have more options that are not only affordable but designed to give them an edge.I’d recommend to try Teamgate CRM. Made for startups/small and medium business, it is the most user-friendly CRM, according to Capterra.com .Teamgate wasn’t built to be a cheap version of clunky enterprise CRM software. It beats Zoho by:Quick and easy stratMade for startupsThe most user-friendly CRMCustomer supportFeatures: Teamgate surpasses all competition by giving you the right tools to manage; lead generation; lead and data importing; lead conversion to deal; and, lead scoring which allows you to focus on those leads most likely to convert.Plus, there’s a list of great features better implemented with Teamgate, such as:Its easy drag and drop function allows deals to move fluidly through the sales pipeline.It offers easily searchable, historic record filtering for companiesIt permits multiple owners of company accounts – several sales reps may be assigned to the same accountIt presents real-time, valuable insights on the trajectory of leads and dealsIt offers much-needed, instant overviews of profitability, both present, and futureIt gives you the power of integrations such as; Voximplant and OpenStreetMapIt makes custom activities easy to create and sourceLearn more at Teamgate: The Zoho CRM Alternative Built for StartupsVytas
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